terpenes

Terpenes are the building blocks for a number of molecules

Phytol tail on chlorophyllUbiquinone tailGibberellinsCytokininSteroidsMany secondary products

Fig. 24.01

Fig. 24.02Terpenes are made from C5 units

Fig. 24.03

Thyme leaf surface Spearmint trichome

Secretory cavity lemon Resin duct, Jeffrey Pine

Nuts and Bolts

The terpene lecture is on the webPapers are due Thursday, May 9Final exam Saturday, May 18 - 105 Tureaud

In plants, hemes are built from glutamate in the chloroplast

In animals and fungi, hemes are made from succinyl CoA and glycine in the mitochondria

The chlorophyll phytol tail is a terpene

Fig. 12.04phytol

Succinyl CoA + glycine

Heme Biosynthesis (animals)

Fig. 12.05

Glutamic acid to ALA

Two ALA molecules are condensed to make porphobilinogen

Fig. 12.05

4 porphobilinogen molecules make up protoporphyrinogen IX

Fig. 12.05

Chlorophyll biosynthesis begins with chelation of Mg+2

Fig. 12.05

Chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates

Protoporphyrinogen – four ringsProtochlorophyllide – Ring V is madeChlorophyllide – Ring IV is reduced Chlorophyll – phytol is atttached

The isoprene unit is the basic building block of terpenes

The isoprene unit has five carbons

Three Acetyl CoA molecules make up mevalonic acid (MVA) which has (6 carbons)MVA is oxidized, CO2 is lost and isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP) is made

This occurs in the ERThere is another pathway in the plastid (don’t worry about it)

Fig. 24.04

ER pathway

Highly regulated

Fig. 24.04

ER pathway(continued)

Fig. 24.05

Fig. 14.25 Plastid pathway (top)

Fig. 24.07

Yes

No

Fig. 12.07

Fig. 12.08

C20

C40

head to head dimerization

Fig. 17.24

Fig. 17.27