term paper rajan

8/4/2019 Term Paper Rajan

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E-COMMERCE

TOPIC: MONEY TRANSCATION SYSTEM

Submitted to:

Mr. Amandeep

Submitted by:

Rajiv Rajan

MCA 2nd sem

Roll no:D3804B41

Course code: INT304


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INDEX

Contents page no.

1. What is requirements determination? 2

2. Activities in requirements determination. 4

3.Basic requirements. 6

4. Introduction 18

5. About money transcation 1931

6. Advantages 327. Disadvantages 33

8 References 34


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REQUIREMENT DETERMINATION

What is requirement determination?

Requirement Determination involves studying the currentbusiness system to find out how it works and where improvements

should be made. System studies result in an evaluation of how

current methods are working and whether adjustments are

necessary or possible. These studies consider both manual and

computer methods, they are not merely computer studies.

A requirement is a feature that must be included in a new

system. It may include a way of capturing or processing data,

producing information, controlling a business activity, orsupporting management . the determination of requirements thus

entails studying the existing system and collecting details about it

to find out what these requirements are.

Since systems analysts do not work as managers or employees

in user departments, they do not have the same base of facts and

details as the managers and users in those areas. Therefore, an

early step in analysts' investigation is to understand the situation.

Certain types of requirements are so fundamental as to be common

in most all situations. There are also special kinds of requirements

that arise, depending on whether the system is transaction- or

decision-oriented and whether the system cuts across several

departments.


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Activities in Requirements determination

It is helpful to view requirements determination through the three

major activities of requirements anticipation, requirementsinvestigation, and requirements specification.

Requirements Anticipation

Requirements anticipation, can be a mixed blessing. On the

one hand, experience from previous studies can lead to

investigation of areas that would otherwise go unnoticed by an

inexperienced analyst. Having the background to know what to askor which aspects to investigate can be a substantial benefits to the

organization.

On the other hand, if a bias is introduced or shortcuts are

taken in conducting the investigation, requirements anticipation

is a problem. We will point out guidelines for structuring an

investigation around basic questions to avoid the undesirable

consequences of requirements anticipation.

Requirements Investigation


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This activity is at the heart of systems analysis. Using a variety

of tools and skills, analysts study the current system and document

its features for further analysis.

Requirements investigation relies on the fact-findingtechniques and includes methods for documenting and describing

system features.

Requirements Specifications

The data produced during the fact finding investigation areanalyzed to determine requirements specifications, the description

requirements specification the description of features for a new

system. This activity has three interrelated parts:

Analysis of factual data

The data collected during the fact finding study and

included in data flow and decision analysis documentation are

examined to determine how well the system is performing and

whether it will meet the organization 's demands. Identification of essential requirements

Features that must be included in a new system , ranging

from operational details to performance criteria, are specified.

Selection of requirements fulfillment strategies

The methods that will be used to achieve the stated

requirements are selected. These form the basis for systems

design, which follows requirements specification.

All three activities are important and must be performed

correctly. Requirements specifications places a great deal of

responsibility on the systems analyst, for the quality of the

work performed at this point will show up in the characteristics

of the new system .


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Basic Requirements

Analysts structure their investigation by seeking answers to

these four major questions:

What is the basic business process?

What data are used or produced during that process?

What are the limits imposed by time and the volume of

work?

What performance controls are used?

Understand the Process

Analysts must rise questions that, when answered, will provide a

background of fundamental details about the system and describe

it. Asking the following questions will help acquire the necessary

understanding:

What is the purpose of this business activity?

What steps are performed?

Where are they performed?

Who performs them?

How long does this make?


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How often is it done?

Who uses the resulting information?

Identify data used and information produced

Analysts next need to find out what data are used to performeach activity. Most business transaction also produce information

that is used to managers when they evaluate employee, business,

and systems performance and that may be useful in another context

to both manager and analyst.

Determine process timing and volume

The frequency of business activities varies greatly.

Many times the easiest way to get this information is to identify the

reason for the activity: what causes the activity to be performed?

Analysts sometimes refer to the direct cause as the trigger function.

Unless analysts know what triggers an activity , they may

misunderstand the reason for the activity and give it more or less

importance in the system than its merits.

Identify controls

In business situations that are well controlled either by

management or process monitoring , determining whether an

activity has been performed properly may be no problem. But

during the analysis stage, the analysts must examine control

methods : are there specific performance standards? etc.


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Introduction about moneytransaction in e commerce

Money is an money transcation

The agreement may be voluntary or coerced, conscious or

unconscious, an may fluctuate with time or remain fixed

within a community

All kinds of communities--large and small; local, national,

international, or virtual; cooperative or competitive--may create

such an agreement.

to use something as a

medium of exchange.

The money itself can be issued en masse by a central authority or

created ad hoc by two consenting parties in a mutual credit system;

it may store value or merely mark transactions; it may bebacked

or valued with something tangible or merely by the issuing
http://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#fiathttp://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#mutualcredithttp://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#backedhttp://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://ubuildweb.com/library/money.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ubuildweb.com/merch_acc_order.html&h=350&w=322&sz=17&tbnid=QVNxUggZSkpzUM::&tbnh=120&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmoney%2Btransaction&hl=en&usg=__kCCspsvEAyGkEhW5S7K3auKo37g=&ei=rFDvScKnOouMtgfq9pTWDw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=imagehttp://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.filebuzz.com/software_screenshot/full/mylife_pocket_money_personal_accounts_5-54168.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.filebuzz.com/findsoftware/MONEY_TRANSACTION/1.html&h=417&w=471&sz=30&tbnid=sQB23yA7eZmffM::&tbnh=114&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmoney%2Btransaction&hl=en&usg=__1YFSGUCOGT1fynxqgY2Odd5R-u8=&ei=rFDvScKnOouMtgfq9pTWDw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=imagehttp://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dotnetheaven.com/UploadFile/rahul4_saxena/Transaction05282007014915AM/Images/Image2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dotnetheaven.com/UploadFile/rahul4_saxena/Transaction05282007014915AM/Transaction.aspx&h=241&w=550&sz=21&tbnid=W7vmtJ18GWw4HM::&tbnh=58&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmoney%2Btransaction&hl=en&usg=__0ysztTAL8N2bczccPFsc82upH7I=&ei=rFDvScKnOouMtgfq9pTWDw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=2&ct=imagehttp://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uci.edu/features/2008/10/images/digitalmoney_p081020_01a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uci.edu/features/2008/10/feature_futureofmoney_081020.php&h=315&w=472&sz=183&tbnid=Q5WO3vXNUUVowM::&tbnh=86&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmoney%2Btransaction&hl=en&usg=__8nSNv64RbYOLR1LLMc1eMJo4dHs=&ei=rFDvScKnOouMtgfq9pTWDw&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=imagehttp://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#fiathttp://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#mutualcredithttp://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#backedhttp://www.transaction.net/money/glossary.html#backed


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authority; and it may take any shape--coins and bills, some chalk

marks on a blackboard, or bits of data inside a compute

A transaction system comprising a card having a card balance

recorded therein, at least one terminal transaction processor

operable on the basis of on-line and off-line computer schemes,

and a center operatively associated with the terminal transaction

processor and having a file for recording thereon data

corresponding to the card balance recorded on the card. Not onlywhen the terminal processor is operating on the basis of the on-line

computer scheme, but also when the terminal processor is

operating on the basis of the off-line computer scheme, withdrawal

or deposit of money can be effected within the framework of a

maximum purchase amount. Each time such transaction has been

made, the ca

1.In a transaction system which comprises a card having a cardbalance recorded therein, said card balance being set to a

predetermined value when an on-line transaction is effected and

also being subsequently updated each time an on-line transaction is

effected, at least one terminal transaction processor operable on the

basis of on-line and off-line computer scheme, said terminal

transaction processor being adapted to be operated by an individual

having said card, and a center connected with the terminal

transaction processor through an on-line channel and having a file

for recording thereon data corresponding to the card, said center

being capable of recording on the card an ordinary deposit balance

owned by the individual having the card, one or both of said card

and said file having recorded therein a maximum purchase amount

with which the individual having the card can transact during the


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off-line transaction scheme, the improvement which comprises a

card balance updating means for updating the card balance and the

ordinary deposit balance during the on-line transaction scheme as a

result of comparison, performed prior to the intended transaction,

between the card balance and the maximum purchase amount,whereby cash can be dispensed to the individual during the off-line

transaction scheme within the framework of the maximum

purchase amount even after the operation by the individual during

the on-line transaction scheme involving no cash transaction.

2.A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising

human-manipulatable balance quoting key means for operating

said card balance updating means to perform said updating.


human-manipulatable purchase amount key means for operating

said card balance updating means to perform said updating.


human-manipulatable deposit amount key means for operating said

card balance updating means to perform said updating.


human-manipulatable card balance updating key means for

operating said card balance updating means to perform said

updating.

6.A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said

transaction is a withdrawal of money or a deposit of money and

wherein the card balance updated by the card balance updatingmeans can be again updated upon said transaction.

7.A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said card

balance updating means, when the maximum purchase amount is

greater than the card balance, updates the card balance by


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subtracting from the ordinary deposit balance an amount of money

necessary to equalize the card balance to the maximum purchase

amount.

8.A transaction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said file hasa record of the exclusive balance which is equal to the card balance

during the on-line transaction scheme.


comparator means for comparing, prior to the intended transaction,

said card balance and said maximum purchase amount.

Description:

The present invention generally relates to a transaction system and,

more particularly, to a credit card system wherein withdrawal and

deposit of money can be made by the use of a credit card, it being

to be understood that the term "credit card" hereinbefore and

hereinafter employed is intended to include a cash card.

Two types of transaction processors are currently used, whichoperate on the basis of the "on-line" and "off-line" computer

schemes, respectively. In addition, there is also currently used a

transaction processor of a type which normally operates on the

basis of the "on-line" computer scheme, but can be switched over

to operate on the basis of the "off-line" computer scheme during

the early morning and the later evening.

The present invention pertains to the transaction system wherein a

single credit card associated with a single account can be used intransaction with any one of on-line and off-line computer facilities.

According to a conventional transaction system of similar kind, the

credit balance data stored in the credit card is updated only after a

sale involving the on-line computer scheme has been completed.


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Where the sale involving the on-line computer scheme is not

successful, the credit balance data are not updated and, therefore,

the deposited money cannot be withdrawn because of insufficient

balance against the purchase amount when the customer

subsequently attempts to withdraw the deposited money, therebyproviding an inconvenience to the customer.

Accordingly, the present invention has been developed with the

view to substantially eliminating the above mentioned

inconvenience and is intended to provide an improved transaction

system wherein a single credit card associated with a single

account can be used in transaction with any one of on-line and off-

line computer facilities.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved

transaction system wherein withdrawal of a purchase amount is

possible, within the framework of a maximum purchase limit, from

a transaction processor when the latter is operating on the basis of

off-line scheme.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved

transaction system wherein the card balance can be updated even ifdeposit or withdrawal of money does not take place during the on-

line operating scheme.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide an

improved transaction system wherein the card balance can be

updated to render it to be equal to the maximum purchase amount.


improved transaction system wherein there is provided means forupdating the card balance to render the latter to be equal to the

maximum purchase amount prior to the actual transaction taking

place.


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improved transaction system wherein the updating of the card

balance is carried by operating a manual input key means

associated with a balance quotation or card balance updating.

For better understanding of the present invention, the present

invention will be described in conjunction with a preferred

embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings,

in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a credit card data processing system

according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front elevational view of a cash dispensingmachine;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the cash dispensing machine;

is a block diagram showing the details of the cash dispensing

machine shown in FIG. 3;is a program chart showing process steps

performed by the cash dispensing machine during off-line

transaction; is a program chart showing process steps performed by

the cash dispensing machine during on-line transaction, FIG. 6

being divided into FIGS. 6(a) and (b);

is a program chart showing process steps performed by a center

during on-line transaction; and is a program chart showing process

steps performed by a money depositing machine during on-line

transaction,

Referring to the drawings, illustrates a block diagram of a creditcard data processing system which comprises a center 1 including

a central data processor 2 which constitutes a principal component

of the center 1. The center 1 further includes a switching apparatus

3 and an auxiliary memory device 4 which may be constituted by a

magnetic disc memory or a magnetic drum memory. Although not


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shown, a line printer and a punched tape reader are to be

understood as electrically connected to the switching apparatus 3.

The central data processor 2 is operable to control any one of

terminal devices, two of which are in through the switching

apparatus 3 by way of a telecommunication control 6 according tothe Pauling scheme, it being understood that the terminal devices 7

are located at respective branch offices of a bank separate from its

headquarter office. The telecommunication control 6 is connected

to any one of the terminal devices 7 through data transmission

lines. Any one of the terminal devices 7 includes a terminal

controller 8 and one or more transaction processors 9 such as a

cash dispensing machine or a cash depositing machine.

In the following description of the present invention, the credit

card data processing system will be described as associated with

the case wherein the transaction processor 9 is constituted by a

cash dispensing machine.

illustrates various arrangements on a front control panel of the cash

dispensing machine 9. The front control panel of the cash

dispensing machine 9 is shown to have a card inserting and

ejecting slot 10, a handling procedure display 11, a check switch12, a call switch 13 for, when actuated, calling a bank clerk, and a

pair of parallel windows 14 through which a customer can confirm

the number of bank notes of one kind and the number of bank

notes of another kind, respectively, which are dispensed. The front

control panel of the cash dispensing machine 9 further has a digital

input display 15 where any one of the customer's secret code and

the purchase amount can be displayed as inputted through a

keyboard 17, an auxiliary keyboard 16 for designating the unit ofmoney amounting to the purchase amount, a balance quotation key

18, a sale slip discharge slot 19 and a cash dispensing slot 20.

The cash dispensing machine 9 referred to above comprises, as

shown in FIG. 3, a control circuit 100, an arithmetic calculating


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circuit 101 and a memory circuit 102, all of which constitute an

ordinary micro-computer system, the details of which are best

. The machine 9 further comprises a card reader 103, a sale slip

issuing section 104, a transaction data recording section 105, and a

cash dispensing section 106. It is to be noted that other components

of the cash dispensing machine 9 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are

designated by like reference numerals employed to refer to like

components shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

In FIG. 3, broken lines represent respective control lines while

solid lines represent respective data lines and it will readily be seenthat all of the components of the cash dispensing machine 9

function under the control of the control circuit 100.

In FIG. 4, the control circuit 100 is shown to include a central

processing unit CPU, a switching circuit 100a, a buffer circuit

100b, a counter 100c, an OR circuit 100d, a parallel-series

converter 100e, a second switching circuit 100f, a

telecommunication control 100g and a flip-flop 100f. On the otherhand, the arithmetic calculating circuit 101 is shown to include a

counter 101a, a comparator 101b and a subtractor 101c.

The transaction system according to the present invention will now

be described with particular reference to FIGS. 5 to 6.

FIG. 5 shows a program chart performed by the cash dispensing

machine 9 during an off-line transaction scheme. It is to be noted

that the cash dispensing machine 9 shown in FIG. 3 is of a typecapable of operating on the basis of both on-line and off-line

schemes, it being understood that the machine 9 operates on the

basis of the on-line scheme so long as a mode signal M is inputted

to the control circuit 100.


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Assuming that a customer inserts his credit card into the card

inserting and ejecting slot 10, the card reader 103 reads the data

stored in the credit card. This card data read out by the reader 103

are encoded by the arithmetic calculating circuit 101 under the

control of the control circuit 100 and then stored in the memorycircuit 102. In other words, the bank number, the account number,

the verifying code number, the date of expiration of the availability

of the credit card, the maximum purchase limit and the credit

balance stored in the card are stored at respective addresses a 11 , a

12 . . . a 15 and a 16 of the memory circuit 102 as shown in FIG. 3. It

is to be noted that, during the off-line transaction scheme, the

maximum purchase limit may not be read out.

Subsequent thereto, a card check is made to verify the acceptability

of the inserted card to the cash dispensing machine 9 and the

identification of the customer who has inserted the card into the

cash dispensing machine 9. In other words, the bank number, the

account number and the date of expiration of the availability of the

credit card are checked. In any event, since the details of this card

check are well known to those skilled in the art, they will not be

described for the sake of brevity. Thereafter, the customer's code

number inputted through the keyboard 17 and stored at the addressa 17 of the memory circuit 102 is compared with the verifying code

number stored at the address a 13 of the memory circuit 102 and, if

an error occurs, that is, when the customer's code number is

verified not to coincide with the verifying code number, this fact is

displayed through the handling procedure display 11 while the

credit card inserted is ejected and returned to the customer.

However, when and after the customer's code number has beenverified as coinciding with the verifying code number, a check is

made as to whether or not the balance quotation key 18 is

depressed. Where the balance quotation key 18 is depressed, the

card balance stored at the address a 16 of the memory circuit 102 is

displayed through the digital input display 15 and, thereafter, the


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credit card inserted is returned to the customer to complete the

transaction.

On the other hand, where the balance quotation key 18 is not

depressed, but the purchase amount is inputted by manipulating thekeyboard 17, which is the case where the customer intends to

withdraw money from his account, the purchase amount is

temporarily stored at the address a 18 of the memory circuit 102

which is subsequently compared with the card balance stored at the

address a 16 of the memory circuit 102. If the result is such that the

purchase amount is higher than the card balance, the sale is

terminated and the credit card inserted is returned to the customer.

However, if the result is such that the purchase amount is equal to

or lower than the card balance, the purchase amount is

automatically subtracted from the card balance and a new balance

is stored at the address a 16 of the memory circuit 102 and also at an

appropriate location on the credit card.

Simultaneously therewith, the transaction data are recorded in the

transaction data recording section 105 and a sale slip imprinted

with the recorded transaction data is issued through the sale slipissuing section 104 against the customer. A recording medium in

the transaction data recording section 105 is constituted by, for

example, a magnetic tape or a punched paper tape, and, therefore,

the recorded transaction data may constitute input data to be

inputted to the center 1 on the basis of a batch operation.

Alternatively, where the cash dispensing machine is of a type

capable of operating on the basis of both on-line and off-line

schemes, such as employed in the illustrated embodiment of the

present invention, the transaction data may be recorded in

magnetic memory cores or a magnetic disc memory during an off-

line transaction and may subsequently be transmitted to the center

1 during an on-line transaction.


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Subsequent to the sale slip issuance, the credit card inserted into

the cash dispensing machine 9 is returned to the customer through

the card inserting and ejecting slot 10 and, thereafter, the cash

dispensing section 106 dispenses bank notes, amounting to the

purchase amount stored at the address a 18 of the memory circuit102, towards the parallel windows 15. After the customer looking

at the parallel windows 15 has confirmed that the bank notes

dispensed towards the windows 15 amount to the purchase amount

and subsequently actuated the check switch 12, the bank notes can

be discharged towards the outside of the dispensing machine 9

through the cash dispensing slot 20 together with the sale slip

discharged through the sale slip discharge slot 19. Where the

amount of the bank notes does not coincide with the purchaseamount, what the customer should do is to press the call switch 13

to call the bank clerk. In addition, by manipulating the auxiliary

keyboard 16, the bank notes can be dispensed in different units of

money and different number of bank notes for each unit of money.

Thereafter, the sale transaction based on the off-line scheme is

terminated.

The cash dispensing machine 9 operates in the following manner,

and in the manner shown in FIG. 5, during an on-line transactionscheme, which will now be described with reference to FIG. 6.

However, it is to be noted that even during the on-line transaction

scheme, the cash dispensing machine 9 performs the process steps

in a manner similar to that during the off-line transaction scheme

up to the step of comparing the customer's code number with the

verifying code number, i.e., up to the code verification step.

Referring to FIG. 6, subsequent to the code verification step, thecheck is made as to whether or not the balance quotation key 18 is

depressed. Where the balance quotation key 18 is depressed by the

customer, a balance quotation bit, which means a predetermined

bit contained in the data being transmitted, is set to compile the

data to be transmitted. On the contrary thereto, where the balance


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quotation key 18 is not depressed, but the purchase amount is

inputted by manipulating the keyboard 17, compiling of the data to

be transmitted is started simultaneously with the input of the

purchase amount by the manipulation of the keyboard 17. What

constitute the data to be transmitted are the serial number of thecash dispensing machine being utilized, the bank number, the

account number, the maximum purchase limit, the card balance

and the balance quotation bit, which may be "1" where the balance

inquiry is made and "0" where the withdrawal of money is

intended, the purchase amount, STX and ETX.

It is to be noted that the terms "maximum purchase limit" and

"card balance" referred to above and hereinafter are to beunderstood as meaning as follows:

Maximum purchase limit: This term is intended to mean the

maximum amount of money a particular customer can withdraw

from the cash dispensing machine during the off-line transaction

scheme. This maximum amount may either be fixed for all

customers or vary from customer to customer depending upon the

balance a particular customer has in his bank account.

Alternatively, it may be fixed upon request made by a particularcustomer in consideration of the total amount deposited in his

ordinary deposit account while the remainder, i.e., the difference

between the total amount deposited and the maximum purchase

limit so fixed, is treated as an ordinary deposit balance.

Card balance: This term is intended to mean the amount of the

maximum purchase limit less the purchase amount. This card

balance is fixed to a certain value during an on-line transaction

scheme, and the purchase amount is subtracted from this card

balance each time a sale is made during the on-line transaction

scheme.

After the cash dispensing machine 9 has compiled the above

described data to be transmitted, the cash dispensing machine 9


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starts transmitting such data to the center 1 immediately after the

center 1 has been polled for such cash dispensing machine 9. It is

to be noted that, in FIGS. 5 and 6, pentagonal blocks employed

therein illustrate that the cash dispensing machine 9 is

telecommunicated with the center 1 through the terminal controller8.

The center 1, after having received and checked the data

transmitted thereto from the cash dispensing machine 9, encodes

the transmitted data so that a data file associated with the particular

account can be read from the auxiliary memory device 4 into a

principle memory in the central data processor 2. At this time,

checks are also made as to whether such account is present orabsent and whether or not such account is valid. Where an error is

indicated, an error code is prepared and transmitted back to the

cash dispensing machine 9.

The data file referred to above may include such data as the bank

number, the account number, the ordinary deposit balance,

information concerning a fixed deposit, the exclusive balance as

hereinafter defined, and CIF information. In addition thereto, the

data file may also contain the maximum purchase limit and theverifying code.

The term "exclusive balance" referred to above is intended to mean

the card balance managed on the side of the center 1. Ordinarily,

the exclusive balance must be equal to the card balance, but since

the data established during the off-line transaction scheme involve

a delay due to the batch operation and since the exclusive balance,

therefore, becomes higher than the card balance, the center 1 stores

such an exclusive balance separately of the card balance.

Comparison is then made between the maximum purchase limit

and the card balance. Where the result of such comparison shows

that the maximum purchase limit is equal to the card balance,

which shows that the previous transaction has been based on an


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on-line transaction scheme, the center 1 proceeds to the step #5.

On the contrary thereto, where the maximum purchase limit is

greater than the card balance, it may indicate that the previous

transaction has been made on either the on-line transaction scheme

or the off-line transaction scheme.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum amount

of money the customer can withdraw is equal to the sum of the

ordinary deposit balance and the card balance. In addition,

although withdrawal from the card balance may be possible during

the off-line transaction scheme, arrangement is made such that

withdrawal can be made from the ordinary deposit balance and,

only when the ordinary deposit balance is consumed, a subsequentwithdrawal can be made from the card balance. This is

advantageous in that the customer can make the best use of his

bank deposit with the cash dispensing machine operating on the

basis of either off-line or on-line transaction schemes within the

framework of the deposit the customer can withdraw.

Referring still to FIG. 6, since the purchase amount is withdrawn

from the card balance during the off-line transaction scheme, it is

quite natural that the maximum purchase amount is greater than thecard balance. On the other hand, during the on-line transaction

scheme, the purchase amount is subtracted from the card balance

only when and after the ordinary deposit balance has become zero

and, therefore, there is the possibility that the maximum purchase

amount is smaller than the card balance. Naturally, that the

maximum purchase amount is smaller than the card balance is an

error.

In such case, comparison is made as to the difference between the

ordinary deposit balance and the card available amount. The card

available amount is defined as a balance between the maximum

purchase limit and the card balance and is stored at a


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predetermined address in the principle memory section of the

central data processor 2.

Where the ordinary deposit balance is equal to or greater than the

card available amount, the card available amount is subtractedfrom the ordinary deposit balance and the ordinary deposit balance

stored in the file is updated and, simultaneously therewith, the

ordinary deposit balance in the file is updated with the card

available amount added to the exclusive balance. However, this

procedure is carried out for the purpose that, where the card

available amount, which has been subtracted from the exclusive

balance upon the batch operation during the off-line transaction

scheme, the exclusive balance is updated to read an amount equalto the maximum purchase limit and, where the batch operation has

not yet been carried out, the exclusive balance can be updated

subsequently to read an amount equal to the maximum purchase

limit. In this example, since the sum of purchase amounts which

have been withdrawn within the framework of the maximum

purchase limit is subtracted from the ordinary bank deposit, the

card balance is updated to read an amount equal to the maximum

purchase limit. Thereafter, the procedure is returned back to the

step #5 shown in FIG. 6.

On the contrary thereto, where the ordinary deposit balance is

smaller than the card available amount, this means that the

ordinary deposit balance cannot deal with the sum of the purchase

amounts which have been withdrawn within the framework of the

maximum purchase limit. In this case, an amount which has been

withdrawn in excess of the ordinary deposit balance is deemed as a

credit loan, namely, Credit Loan=Card Available Amount-Ordinary Deposit Balance.

Thereafter, the ordinary deposit stored in the file is zeroed and the

exclusive balance is updated to read an amount equal to the

difference between the sum of the exclusive balance plus the card


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available amount and the credit loan. The card balance becomes

equal to the difference between the maximum purchase limit and

the credit loan. Then, the procedure proceeds to the step #5.

Subsequently, the balance quotation bit contained in thetransmitted data is checked. In the case of the balance quotation,

the data is compiled in the form as transmitted and then sent back

to the cash dispensing machine 9. However, since the card balance

is updated even in this case, the customer can make the best use of

his credit card at the time he is going to make a transaction in the

future during the off-line transaction scheme. In other words, the

possibility can be avoided that he cannot withdraw money because

of the insufficient card balance.

In the case where the balance quotation is not made, that is, in the

case where money withdrawal is made, comparison is first made

between the purchase amount and the ordinary deposit balance. If

the ordinary deposit balance is sufficient, the purchase amount is

automatically subtracted therefrom.

However, if the purchase amount is equal to or smaller than the

ordinary deposit balance, the purchase amount is subtracted fromthe ordinary deposit balance stored in the file and a new balance is

updated in the file while appropriate data are transmitted to the

cash dispensing machine 9 to dispense the purchase amount.

On the contrary thereto, if the purchase amount is greater than the

ordinary deposit balance, since the ordinary deposit balance cannot

satisfy the customer's requirement, the purchase amount is

compared with a total balance which is the sum of the ordinary

deposit balance and the card balance. It is to be noted that the cardbalance referred to above is the one which has been updated. If the

result of such comparison proves that the purchase amount is

greater than the total balance, the customer's requirement cannot be

accommodated and, therefore, withdrawal of the purchase amount

cannot be made. In this case, an insolvency bit contained in the


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data to be transmitted to the cash dispensing machine is set, said

data being then transmitted to the cash dispensing machine.

On the other hand, if the purchase amount is equal to or smaller

than the total balance, an amount which cannot be subtracted fromthe ordinary deposit balance is subtracted from the card balance.

Subtracted Balance=Purchase Amount-Ordinary Deposit Balance.

The above subtracted balance is an amount from which the

purchase amount cannot be withdrawn even if the ordinary deposit

balance is zeroed and, therefore, must be subtracted from the

updated card balance. In other words, the ordinary deposit balance

stored in the file is zeroed, and the exclusive balance and the card

balance are, after the subtracted balance has been subtracted from

each of the exclusive balance and the card balance, compiled into

the data which are then transmitted to the cash dispensing machine

The cash dispensing machine 9, after having received the above

described data and subsequently performed checking about the

contents of the data (this checking step being not shown in

encodes the received data. If the encoded data show that the

balance quotation has been made, the card balance which has beenupdated at the center 1 is displayed through the digital input

display 15 while the credit card is returned to the customer. On the

other hand, if the encoded data show that cash dispensing is

required, the insolvency bit as described above is examined and, in

the event that the purchase amount cannot be dispensed, this fact is

displayed through the handling procedure display 11 while the

credit card is returned to the customer, thereby completing the

transaction. However, if the purchase amount can be dispensed,

issuance of the sale slip, return of the credit card and dispensing of

bank notes are carried out. This is a similar procedure which takes

place during the off-line transaction scheme. In the case of the on-

line transaction scheme, no transaction data need be recorded, but


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the transaction data remain recorded since a journal is printed

simultaneously with the issuance of the sale slip.

As hereinbefore described, the present invention is such that, since

the card balance is updated when a balance quotation is madeduring an on-line transaction scheme or when no purchase amount

can be withdrawn, there is no possibility that, when the customer

intends to subsequently withdraw a purchase amount during an off-

line transaction scheme, the purchase amount cannot be dispensed

because of the insufficient card balance.

While the present invention has fully been described in connection

with the transaction system utilizing the cash dispensing machine,

the transaction can utilize the cash depositing machine which will

now be described with reference to FIG. 8. It is to be noted that the

process steps performed by the cash depositing machine are shown

not only in FIG. 8, which is divided into FIGS. 8(a) to (c) for the

purpose of drawing drafting, but also in FIG. 7.

While most process steps are substantially identical with that

shown in FIG. 6, four keys, which are respectively indicative of

cash dispensing, cash depositing, balance quotation and balanceupdating, are necessary to render the cash depositing machine to

operate in accordance with the program shown in FIG. 8.

Because of the similarlity between the program shown in FIGS.

6(a) and (b) and that in FIGS. 8(a) and (b), only the program

shown in FIG. 8(c) will now be described.

Assuming that a certain amount of money (hereinafter referred to

as deposit amount) is deposited into the cash depositing machine(not shown) with the cash deposit key depressed, the maximum

purchase amount is compared with the card balance. If the former

is equal to the latter, the ordinary deposit balance is recorded to

read the sum of the ordinary balance and the deposit amount, the

newly recorded ordinary deposit balance being compiled into the


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data to be transmitted. On the other hand if the former is smaller

than the latter, the deposit amount is compared with the difference

between the maximum purchase amount and the card balance.

If the deposit amount is equal to or greater than the differencebetween the maximum purchase amount and the card balance, the

ordinary deposit balance becomes the sum of the previous ordinary

deposit balance and the difference between the deposit amount and

the difference between the maximum purchase amount and the

card balance. Therefore, the exclusive balance becomes the sum of

the previous exclusive balance and the card available amount and

subsequently the card balance is rewritten to read the maximum

purchase amount, which is in turn compiled into the data to betransmitted. On the other hand, if the former is smaller than the

above described difference, the exclusive balance becomes the sum

of the previous exclusive balance and the deposit amount and the

card balance is rewritten to read the sum of the card balance and

the deposit amount, which is in turn compiled into the data to be

transmitted.

In this way, where the cash depositing machine is employed for the

transaction processor, it is necessary that the card balance and theordinary deposit balance is again updated depending upon the

amount of money deposited, that is, the deposit amount.

While the present invention has fully been described, it is to be

noted that various changes and modifications are apparent to those

skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be

understood as included within the true scope of the present

invention unless they depart therefrom.


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American Express: The world's favoritecard. With more than 57 million cards in

circulation and growing! Around US $123

billion was spent last year through AmericanExpress Cards and it is poised to be theworld's No. 1 card in the near future. In a

regressive US economy last year, the totalamount spent on American Express cards

rose by 4 percent. American Express cardsare especially popular in the U.S., Canada,Europe and Asia and are used widely in the

retail and everyday spend categories.Citibank E-Cards: Citibank has launched a

new initiative Citibank eCard to promote safeand secure E-shopping. Like a regular CreditCard but without a physical plastic, it is India

's first web Credit Card. The Citibank eCardcan be used for all types of Internet

shopping and transactions through telephone

and mail order. You can also do alltransactions available on Internet Banking,

including utility bills and ordering a demanddraft.

Diners Club International: The world's No.1 Charge Card. Diners Club cardholders

reside all over the world and the Diners Card

is an old corporate favorite. There are morethan 8 million Diners Club cardholders.Diners Club cardholders are generallyaffluent, and are frequent travelers in

premier businesses and institutions,including Fortune 500 companies and leading


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global corporations.

JCB Cards: The JCB Card has a merchantnetwork of 10.93 million spanning 189

countries. It is supported by more than 320financial institutions worldwide and serves

more than 48 million cardholders in 18countries. The JCB philosophy of "identify the

customer's needs and please the customerwith Service from the Heart" is paying richdividends as their customers spend US$43

billion annually on their JCB cards.VISA: The world's most preferred card.There are more than one billion cards in

circulation, with unsurpassed acceptance inmore than 150 countries. Visa-branded cardsalone generate US$2.4 trillion in annual cardsales volume. Nearly half of this in US alone.

MasterCard: MasterCard International is aglobal payments company with one of themost recognized and respected brands in theworld. With 32 million acceptance locations,

no payment card is more widely acceptedglobally than MasterCard. Last year,

MasterCard handled transactions worthUS$285 billion. Important notice about

MasterCard Sign up

1. An electronic money transaction system comprising:

an electronic money storing medium which stores electronic

money information;
https://www.ccavenue.com/newsletter/mastercard/mastercard_service.htmhttps://www.ccavenue.com/newsletter/mastercard/mastercard_service.htmhttps://www.ccavenue.com/newsletter/mastercard/mastercard_service.htmhttps://www.ccavenue.com/newsletter/mastercard/mastercard_service.htmhttps://www.ccavenue.com/newsletter/mastercard/mastercard_service.htm


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a contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts the

electronic money storing medium to write to and read from the

electronic money storing medium;

a processing unit which is connected to the contact reading and

writing means and at least partially controls the electronic money

storing medium; and,

a non-contact communicating means which is connected to the

processing unit, and which is able to communicate with a non-

contact external electronic money storing medium through space

without contact being necessary,

wherein the processing unit controls, by using the non-contact

communicating means and via space, the electronic money storing

medium and the non-contact electronic money storing medium,

such that at least a portion of electronic money stored in at least

one of the electronic money storing medium and the non-contact

electronic money storing medium is transferred to the other of the

electronic money storing medium and the non-contact electronicmoney storing medium. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the electronic money storing medium is an IC card.. The system

according to claim 1, wherein the non-contact electronic mostoring

medium is at least one of an IC card and a wireless telephone.

4. The system according to claim 1, comprising a second contact

reading and writing means which electrically contacts a second


second electronic money storing medium. The system according toclaim 1, wherein the electronic money storing medium stores ID

information unique to the non-contact electronic money storing

medium.

5 An electronic money transaction system comprising:


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money information;

a contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts theelectronic money storing medium to write to and read from the

electronic money storing medium;




a wireless communicating means which is connected to the

processing unit and which communicates with outside entities by

wireless communication,wherein the processing unit controls, byusing the wireless communicating means and via electromagnetic

waves, the electronic money storing medium and a wireless

electronic money storing medium such that at least a portion of

electronic money stored in at least one of the electronic money

storing medium and the wireless electronic money storing medium

is transferred to the other of the electronic money storing medium

and the wireless electronic money storing medium.

6 The system according to claim 6, wherein the electronic money

storing medium is an IC card.

7 The system according to claim 6, wherein the wireless electronic

money storing medium is at least one of an IC card and a wireless

telephone.

9. The system according to claim 6, comprising a second contact

reading and writing means which electrically contacts a secondelectronic money storing medium to write to and read from the

second electronic money storing medium.

10. The system according to claim 6, wherein the electronic money

storing medium stores ID information unique to the wireless


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electronic money storing medium.

11. The system according to claim 6, wherein the electronic money

storing medium stores ID information unique to an external

wireless telephone terminal.

12. A wireless telephone terminal comprising:


money information;

a contact reading and writing means which electrically contacts the

electronic money storing medium to write to and read from theelectronic money storing medium;




a wireless communicating means which is connected to the

processing unit and which communicates with outside entities bywireless communication,

wherein the processing unit controls, by using the wireless

communicating means and via electromagnetic waves, the

electronic money storing medium and a wireless electronic money

storing medium at least a portion of electronic money stored in at

least one of the electronic money storing medium and the wireless

electronic money storing medium is transferred to the other of the

electronic money storing medium and the wireless electronicmoney storing medium.

13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein the electronic

money storing medium is an IC card.


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14. The system according to claim 12, wherein the wireless

electronic money storing medium is at least one of an IC card and

a wireless telephone.

15. The system according to claim 12, comprising a second contactreading and writing means which electrically contacts a second


second electronic money storing medium.

16. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein the electronic

money storing medium stores ID information unique to the

terminal or the wireless electronic money storing medium.

An ATM card is linked directly to your checking or savingsaccount. It can only be used at an ATM machine or at astore or other business that displays the various symbols onthe back of your ATM card such as STAR network. Whenyou use it, the money is immediately taken from youraccount. A debit card works similarly, but carries a Visa or

MasterCard logo and can be used anyplace that acceptsthose credit cards. However, debit cards are NOT creditcards. They are issued by your bank, and when used, themoney is removed from your bank account immediately. Acredit card is like a short term, incredibly high interest(usually 18 to 21%) loan. It has a pre-set spending limit(generally from $500 to $5000) and you cannot spend morethan your spending limit. It is not attached to your bank

account. When you use them, you incur a debt that must berepaid. Most people end up making monthly payments ontheir credit cards for years and years, and the interestaccrues every single month, so even if you pay say, $150 onyour debt, you may have accrued $90 worth of interest, so


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you only paid off $60 worth of your balance. They're a losingproposition.

ATM and debit cards are a way to pay for something with

money you have in your bank account. Credit cards are away to pay for something with a financial institution's money.You then pay the credit card company. If you don't pay offthe whole amount, then you also have to pay interest.Probably the more important difference is that there arecertain rights that are attached to each payment type. Forexample, you will have greater protections against amerchant who sells you a bad product (of service) if you payby credit card.

ATM card can only be used to your bank account to transactwhen you physically visit an ATM. You can use a debit card,to make payments for purchase of purchase products andservices at the point of purchase. When you do thisk, thedebit card again checks your bank account and if it hasenough funds, allows the transaction to go through,depleting your account by the same amount. A credit card

does not link to any of your bank accounts. You will have acredit limit and you can make purchases till the time youreach this limit. Once you have reached the imit, or onceevery month, you have to restore the limit by makingpayment to the credit card company for the amount due.

Online Legal Marketing Knowledge Base transcation

How to market a new online legal website? We've

recently launched our new website, http://www.first4lawyers.com

and i need ideas on how to promote it online. Would appreciate

your advice on any websites, blogs, forums, etc to read. Alwould
http://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1556/howtomarketanewonlinelegalwebsite.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1556/howtomarketanewonlinelegalwebsite.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1556/howtomarketanewonlinelegalwebsite.html


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be appreciated. Can U.S. residents sign up for affiliate

marketing for online casinos? Is it legal?Is offline marketing,

ads and flyers with promotions for online gambling websites

legal in the united states? it is for partypoker.com a casino . i do

affiliate, atleast im starting to. where are these "dream casinos"Lucid, a legal absinthe liquor, is to hit the market in June.

Anybody know an online retailer?Absinthe has been banned in

the USAfor a century, despite the original accusations that

itwashallucinatory and caused insanity having been debunkLucid,

from Viridian Spirits, is to be the first legal version, and hit the

market in June 2007. I would like to buy some either in New

Orleans or Houston, or buy it online if possible Anybody know

where? For those of you who are under the misconception that Iam seeking it for hallucinatory reasons...if that was the case, the

suspected chemical is available in other products at much higher

concentrations. I want it for one very simple reason...to recreate

some very old recipes, and since nothing supposedly tastes

identical to the original, then the original is necessary...at least

once. check out absinthe in wikipedia, it was NOT an opium issue

with this liquor, but rather the use of the wormwood. To make it

legal, the levels of thujone had to be much lower than the original,but thujone is also present in many other legal for human

consumption substances at levels higher than even the historical

absinthe contained....as long as it is NOT derived from the

artemisia family.

why is online illegal, but playing the stock market is legal? isn't

playing stocks gambling too? yea your answer not being related to

the question shows your ignorance. online poker isn't all about

random chance. there are more skilled players than others. this is

for online only, not the physicality aspect of gambling. this isn'tabout outlawing the stock market. of course gambling is still legal

outside of online. if you were to put money into something hoping

to get a positive return, that is taking a risk and gambling,

regardless if there is anything of value you get with your initial

investment. you can't just stereotype,and say the total sum return
http://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/2398/canusresidentssignupforaffiliatemarketingforonlinecasinosisitlegal.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/2398/canusresidentssignupforaffiliatemarketingforonlinecasinosisitlegal.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1558/lucidalegalabsintheliquoristohitthemarketinjuneanybodyknowanonlineretailer.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1558/lucidalegalabsintheliquoristohitthemarketinjuneanybodyknowanonlineretailer.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1559/whyisonlinegamblingillegalbutplayingthestockmarketislegal.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/2398/canusresidentssignupforaffiliatemarketingforonlinecasinosisitlegal.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/2398/canusresidentssignupforaffiliatemarketingforonlinecasinosisitlegal.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/2398/canusresidentssignupforaffiliatemarketingforonlinecasinosisitlegal.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1557/isofflinemarketingadsandflyerswithpromotionsforonlinegamblingwebsiteslegalintheunitedstates.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1558/lucidalegalabsintheliquoristohitthemarketinjuneanybodyknowanonlineretailer.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1558/lucidalegalabsintheliquoristohitthemarketinjuneanybodyknowanonlineretailer.htmlhttp://www.mlmd.com/knowledgebase/view/1559/whyisonlinegamblingillegalbutplayingthestockmarketislegal.html


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will never exceed the initial sum for all gamblers. And not all

online gambling games are a game of chance, despite what the law

reads.

Researching people doing untrue or questionable marketing of

video games online!? Recently I was victimized by a marketer ofonline video games in the Boston area.

Advantages of money transaction:

1. with the help of transaction system In e-commerce we can deposit as well as withdrawl the

money online.

2. transaction system provide the quiock response

through online transaction to the user.

3. transaction system of money also usefull for timesaving or money saving.
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REFERENCES

1. E-COMMERCE Kamlesh k bajaj

2. Wikipedia

term paper rajan

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