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TERI-UTC Center of Excellence (CoE) on
Energy Efficient Buildings in India
Ashish Jindal
Associate Fellow, Sustainable Habitat
TERI
Urbanization in India
218 289 324 373
431 496
846
1040 1106
1188 1280
1379
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1991 2001 2005 2010 2015 2020
Population Growth Trend (in Millions)
Urban population Population
• Urbanization has increased from 26% in 1991 to 34% in 2015 and is expected to increase to 36% by 2020
• By 2020 almost 500 Million people will be living in Urban India
Sector wise electricity consumption in India
Residential & Commercial
sector contributed to 30% of total electricity consumption
55% of electricity consumption
is due to HVAC
25% of electricity consumption
is due to lighting
236,615
513,903
6% 5% 8% 8% 7% 11% 11%
11% 11%
14%
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
(p)
2010-11
(p)
2019-20
GW
h
Annual Growth in Electricity Consumption by Building
Sector
Average growth rate of 9 % in last 10 years (2001-2011)
Electricity consumption growth in
commercial buildings in India
At a conservative 9 % growth rate, electricity consumption of building sector by 2020 will be more than 2 times to the consumption in 2010-11
Energy Saving Potential
8,699
90,01475,356
1,74,069
020,00040,00060,00080,000
1,00,0001,20,0001,40,0001,60,0001,80,0002,00,000
Existing Buildings(Through retrofitting)
In upcomingbuildings (2012-
2021)
Through EnergyEfficient Appliances
Commercial Sector Residential Sector Total
GW
H
Estimated Electricity
Saving Potential of
Building Stock (2021)
Building Envelope
Lighting
Chillers
Automation
Saving potential in existing buildings- 8700 million kWh and 74 lakh tonnes of CO2
Enabling Mechanism for energy efficient
buildings in India
Codes/standards and labeling
•Energy conservation building code (ECBC)
•National building code (NBC)
•Star rating of appliances
Rating systems
•BEE star rating for existing buildings
•GRIHA-National rating system for new buildings
•LEED and IGBC rating system for buildings
Smart city program
•80% of buildings to be green and energy efficient
•10% of power consumed should come through renewable energy source
Gaps and Barriers
•Energy Audit Methodology
•Tools/techniques
•Measurement and Verification protocol
•Financial Mechanism
•No format/layout •Parameters •Frequency of data
collection
•Energy Audit Methodology
•Retrofit guidelines
•Energy rating systems
Codes/
Standards/
Ratings
Energy
Reporting
Energy Saving
Measures
Implementation
TERI-UTC Center of Excellence (CoE) for Energy Efficient Buildings in India
Energy performance assessment of 100 buildings in Indian cities
Stakeholders
Cities planned under Smart Cities Program launched by Indian Government
Hot & dry Composite
Warm & humid
Moderate
BEE, MoUD, SDAs, Building owners/developers, EESL, CPWD, financial institutions/banks,
80% of buildings to be energy efficient and 10% of power should come through renewable source.
TERI-UTC CoE- Main outcomes
Energy Reporting • Development of energy use Reporting Framework for the
existing building sector
Tools and Techniques
• Derivation of tool and techniques for identification and cost
benefit analysis of Energy Conservation Measures
Implementation • Development of Measurement and Verification (M&V)
Protocol for implementation of the various energy conservation measures
Financial Mechanisms
• Development of Financial Mechanism for facilitating retrofits
Communication Strategy
• Evaluation of the existing Building Energy Codes/Standards/Rating Systems
Codes/standards/rating systems
Development of communication strategy between building owners, financial institutions, and energy services companies
Benefits and opportunities
Govt and ongoing programs on building EE
• Contribution to India’s INDC targets
• Inputs to existing building rating system (BEE star rating, LEED EBOM)
• Integration with Smart cities program of India
• BEE chiller labelling program
Building owners
• Energy assessment
• ECM identification and cost benefit analysis
• Energy report
• Retrofitting
Industry
• Business opportunity for building industry including
• Glass
• Roof materials
• Electrical systems
• Lighting and controls
• HVAC and controls
Methodology
Step 1
•Identification of building typologies and buildings
Step 2 •Preliminary energy
survey/audit
Step 3 •Establishing baseline and
energy conservation measures
Step 4 •Detail energy audit of
selected buildings
Step 5 •Final ECMs and Establishing
M&V protocol
Step 6
•Implementation of energy saving options
Step 7
Step 8
•Financial mechanism
Energy consumption in commercial
buildings in India
Offices , Hospitality and Hospital sector constitutes almost 60% of total energy consumption in commercial buildings
Energy consumption growth rate in
commercial buildings in India
Energy consumption growth rate in hospitals, hospitality and offices sector is
around 300%, 700% and 250% by 2021, taking 2011 as reference
Building typologies and number of buildings
Offices (Daytime and 24 hours) 50
Hospitals 25
Hotels 25
Energy survey status
Energy survey status
Offices
Hospitals
Hotels
9
8
3
Energy survey at 20 buildings have been completed
Energy Survey
Collection of design data
Collection of operating data using BMS/log books
Building energy systems/HVAC plant monitoring using appropriate instruments
Detail Energy (ASHRAE Level II)
Energy conservation measures Energy bill
Demand charges reduction
Power factor improvement
Harmonics improvement
Lighting system
LEDs installation
Daylight controls and occupancy sensors
HVAC
Chillers resizing and replacement
Unitary ACs replacement
VFD installation on CSD chillers
Chiller plant manager installation
Chiller plant optimizer installation
Replacement of inefficient pumps
Building envelope
High reflective paints on roof
High performance glass
Electrical
Replacement of undersize and inefficient motors with efficient motors
Smart energy meters
Building management system (BMS) installation
Outcomes-Energy saving measures
5% energy savings
10% energy savings
15-20% energy savings
Efficient glass and roof
Energy efficient lighting system
Energy efficient chillers, pumps and fans
Energy Saving potential-16 buildings
Energy saving potential (million kWh/yr) 8.9
% energy saving potential 18
Monetary savings (million USD/yr) 1.17
Investment (million USD) 2.38
Simple payback 2
CoE outcomes-Potential energy savings
8960
67000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Energy saving potential
(MWh/yr)
2.4
13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Electrical load (MW)
reduction
Energy saving achieved through 100 existing buildings is sufficient to
power more than 2000 urban homes or more than 12000 rural homes
Projected Projected Potential Realized Potential
Realized
16 buildings 100 buildings 16 buildings 100 buildings
Tool for building energy analysis
Simplified tool- Deep retro
Indian climate data added to Deep Retro.
6 pilot buildings (4 offices and 2 hospital) have been evaluated
Deep Retro model predictions for the 6 buildings within 10% of metered data
22 UTC PROPRIETARY - U.S. Export Controlled - ECCN# EAR 99.
Energy Reporting and Measurement and Verification protocol
Electricity flow in a building
Main LT Panel
UPS Lighting, FCU, plug Loads, AHUs
Chillers, Pumps, CTs
Electricity bill (kWh)
Building load (V, I, PF, kW)
DG energy generation
Others
M M M M
M
M M M
Electricity from grid
Transformer
Energy performance Index
Lighting kWh
Total kWh
Energy Performance Index (EPI): kWh/m2-yr
Built up area (m2) Lighting energy Performance Index (EPI): kWh/m2-yr
HVAC energy Performance Index (EPI): kWh/m2-yr
HVAC kWh
M M
M
Other performance parameters
Transformer losses (%)
Load densities (W/m2)
Motor loading (%)
Motor efficiency
Power quality (Voltage, power factor, harmonics)
HVAC performance parameters
ikW/TR
Chiller
Primary chilled water pump
Secondary chilled water pump
Condenser water pump
Cooling tower fans
AC high side
AHUs
FCUs
AC total
Condenser
Evaporator
Chilled Water Line
Condenser Water Line
LEGEND:
Condenser Water Pump
Chilled Water Pump
From AHUs
AHU
To AHUs
Space
T
T
T
T
R
H T
R
H T
k
W
k
W
k
W
k
W
k
W
Secondary Pumps Primary Pumps
Cooling Tower Fans Chiller Compressor
k
W
CO
2
Flow
Flow
Flow Ambient
T
R
H
k
W Flow
CO
2 kWh
Temperature Sensor
Relative Humidity
Sensor
CO2 Sensor
Flow Meter Power Meter
Energy Meter
kWh
Condenser Pumps
HVAC performance parameters
Log book- Chiller
Meter Record
V Yes No
I Yes Yes
PF Yes No
% ampere loading Yes Yes
kW Yes No
Chilled water supply temperature Yes Yes
Chilled water return temperature Yes Yes
Condenser water supply temperature Yes Yes
Condenser water return temperature Yes Yes
Chilled water flow No No
Measurement and Verification Protocol
Measurement and Verification Protocol
Monitoring & Instrumentation
Financing Retrofitting Post retrofit monitoring
Baseline adjustment
Verification of energy savings
Baseline Development
Outcomes till now-Key points
Developed energy reporting framework for buildings
Established energy intensities of commercial buildings in India
Developed contacts with building owners like Google, Genpact, JLL,CBRE etc
Worked on the development of simplified tools for building energy performance evaluation
Assessed the existing energy rating systems for buildings in India and in other countries
Future activities
Industry partners (Lighting, glass, paints, controls) addition to the CoE
Energy studies at Hotels (Marriott group, Taj group, ITC group), Hospitals and office buildings (Google, Mircosoft, IBM, Genpact etc)
Development of financial models for implementation
Implementation of already audited buildings.
