CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTIONS

1.1. BackgroundsNursing theory is defined as a conceptualization of some aspects of the reality

of nursing that aims to describe the phenomenon, explain relationships among phenomena, predict risks and establish nursing care (Afaf Ibrahim Meleis, 1997).

In the world of nursing many phenomena and problems that are difficult to explain and resolve. However, nursing has a nursing theories that can be used to explain and members the right solution to solve it. Experts nursing theory put forward a variety of solutions that can be applied in various spheres of nursing. The theories are constantly being developed that will further improve the quality and the quality of nursing services.

One theorist who is very well known and widely used theories in order nursing service is Dorothea Orem. In his theory of self care he considers that self-care is an activity form of individual self-reliance that will improve their health. So that when the deficit, he needs help from a nurse to get their independence back. This theory is an approach that is dynamic, in which nurses work to improve the client's ability to care for himself and not put the client in a position to rely as self-care is a behavior that can be learned.

Dorothea Orem's theory is a theory that is quite interesting to be studied and discussed as including a theory that is widely used in applications of nursing practice and writer interested to examine this theory, which he is only focused on the scope of nursing practice.

1.2. Purposes1.2.1. Explaining biography Dorothea E. Orem1.2.2. the theory of self-care by Orem,1.2.3. The Theory of Self-Care Deficit by Orem, 1.2.4. the theory of nursing systems by Orem.

1.2.5. Application to nurse.

CHAPTER 2

THEORY OREM

2.1. Biography Dorothea E. Orem2.1.1. Dorothea E. Orem nursing school education at Providence Hospital in

Washington DC. Bachelor graduated in 1930. 2.1.2. In 1939 graduated Master of nursing education. 2.1.3. In 1945 – 1970 worked at the Catholic University in the United States during

the course of his career he has worked as a staff nurse, private duty nurse,educator, nursing administration and as a consultant.

2.1.4. Year 1958- 1959 as a consultant at the Ministry of Health in the education welfare and participate in nursing training project.

2.1.5. In 1959 the concept was first published Orem care.2.1.6. In 1965 joining the Catholic University in the US to form a theoretical model

of community nursing.2.1.7. 1968 formed a group of nursing development conference, which resulted in

cooperation on the care and discipline of nursing.2.1.8. 1976 received a Doctorate Honoris Causa. 2.1.9. 1980 received honorary degrees from the Catholic University of America

graduate of nursing theory. 2.1.10. Furthermore Orem developed the concept of self-care nursing and published in

nursing (Concept of pratice 1971). 2.1.11. In 1980 published a second book that contains the first edition was expanded

to families, groups and communities.2.1.12. In 1985 published a second book that contains three theories, namely; Theory

self-care, self-care deficit theory, system theory of nursing.

2.2. Theory of Self CareNursing self (self care) according to Orem's are:

"An implementation of activities initiated and conducted by the individuals themselves to meet the need to maintain life, health and well-being according to the circumstances, whether healthy or sick" (Orem's, 1980).

Self-care (self-care) is the implementation of individual activities related to fulfillment in maintaining the life, health and well-being. If self-care can be done effectively, it can help individuals to develop her potential. (Orem, 1991)

Basically it is believed that all human beings have self care needs, and they have the right to get kebtuhan itself, unless incapable.

The ability of self-care (self-care agency) is the ability of individuals to engage in self-care process. This relates to the ability of the conditioning factor of self-care (basic conditioning factor) consisting of:

the age factor gender health status socio-cultural orientation health care system family habits lifestyle environmental factors state of the economy.

Therapeutic self-care needs (therapeutic self-care demand), the action taken as a relief to eligible self-care.

In addition, the theory of self-care can not be separated from the requirement of self-care (self-care requisites), which is the aspect that determines the degree of realization of self-care. Self-care requisites consists of three categories:

2.2.1. Universal self-care requisitesThis universal aspect relates to the life or basic human needs. These

aspects are the emphasis theory of self care in general, namely:2.2.1.1. Maintenance of the air intake2.2.1.2. Maintenance of water intake2.2.1.3. Maintenance of food intake2.2.1.4. Maintaining relationships treatment process of elimination and

excretion2.2.1.5. The maintenance of a balance between activity and rest2.2.1.6. The maintenance of a balance between solitude and social interaction2.2.1.7. Prevention of risks to life, a function of age and human health2.2.1.8. Improved functions of the human body and balances within social

groups according to their potential.

2.2.2. Developmental self-care requisitesDevelopmental self-care requisites established by the presence of:

2.2.2.1. Supplies the conditions that promote the development2.2.2.2. Involvement in the development of self2.2.2.3. Development of prevention of life-threatening effects

The development of self-care aspects related to the lifestyle of individuals who are affected by the neighborhood.

2.2.3. Health deviation self-care

Self-care related to health deviations. Arise as a result of health problems and diseases. This causes a change in the ability of individuals in the process of self-care.

2.3. The Theory of Self-Care DeficitOrem's Self-care Deficit theory is an important part of treatment is generally

where all the planning of nursing care is given when needed. Nursing takes a person at the time were unable or limited to self carenya continuously. The essence of this theory depicts human beings as recipients of care who are not able to meet the needs of nursing itself and to own limitations-keterbatan in achieving the level of health. The treatment is given based on the degree of dependence, namely total or partial dependence.

Self-care Deficit explain the relationship between a person's ability to act / move with the demands on self-care, so that when the demand is greater than the ability, then he will experience a decrease in self-care.

Self-care deficit theory applied when: Children are not adults Needs exceed the ability of care Ability comparable to needs but predictable for the foreseeable future.

Orem identified five methods that can be used in helping self-care:

Actions or do something for someone else. Provide guidance and direction Provide physical and psychological support Provide and maintain an environment that supports personal

development Education

Nurses can help individuals or clients by using some or all of the method to meet self-care clients.

2.4. The Theory of Nursing SystemNursing system is part of the consideration of nursing practices performed by

nurses based on coordination to achieve the needs of the patient self-care (self-care demand) and to protect and control the training / development of the patient's ability to self-care (self-care agency). (Orem, 2001)

Self care agency – is a specialized form of human agency. Therapeutic self care demand – "totality of self care actions to be

performed for some duration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of operations and actions".

Orem (1991) identified three classifications of nursing systems based on the patient's ability to achieve compliance with the requirements of self care, namely:

2.4.1. Wholly Compensatory SystemIs an act of nursing to provide full compensation to the patient due to

the patient's inability to meet the nursing actions independently.

2.4.2. Partly Compensatory SystemNamely nursing system to provide self-care to patients in partial and

aimed at patients who require minimal assistance.

2.4.3. Supportive-Educative SystemNamely nursing actions that aim to provide support and education to

patients able to perform self-care.

2.4.4. Method of assistanceThe nurse helps the client by using the system and through the five

methods of assistance which includes:2.4.4.1. Acting or doing something for a client2.4.4.2. teaches clients2.4.4.3. directing clients2.4.4.4. supports client

2.5. Applications to nursesConsist of :1. Develop and maintain relationships with individuals, families and groups

until the patient is able to care for herself2. Can help determine when3. To respond to requests, desires, and needs of the patient to help nurses4. Provide direct assistance and control5. Coordination and integration of nursing with patients, social, cultural and

educational.6. Act or act for another person (patient)7. Guide8. Physical and psychological support

Therefore, in order to provide relief care, nursing agency which required special skills possessed nurses in providing care to the client.

CHAPTER 3

COCLUSIONS

3.1. ConclusionsBy studying the concept model or nursing theory as presented upfront, it can

be concluded that the nurse must understand what must be done properly and accurately so that the client can obtain its rights appropriately and correctly. With the selection of nursing care or nursing theory concept model in accordance with the characteristics of the client can provide the relevant nursing care.

Model concept or theory of self-care nursing has a meaning that all human beings have self care needs, and they have the right to own memperolehya unless otherwise afford. Thus the nurse recognizes the potential for patients to participate care for himself on his ability and level of care may determine the level of assistance to be provided.

To be able to apply the concept model or nursing theory it required an in-depth knowledge and skills to nursing theory in order to obtain technical capabilities and therapeutic attitude.

REFERENCE

Goerge, B. Julia. 1995. Nursing Theories The base for Professional Nursing Practice. Fourth Edition. United State of America : Appleton and Lange Norwalk Connecticut

Online Book : Orem, Dorothea Elizabeth. 2003. Self- Care Theory in Nursing: Selected Papers of Dorothea Orem. Springer Publishing Company.

Online book : Asmadi. 2005. Konsep Dasar Keperawatan. Jakarta : EGC.

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 2

“Theory Orem’s“

2015/2016

By 4th group

Aysha Amelia 1511314014

Dzikra Fitria Amita 1511314025

Muthiah Tri Zuhriana 1511314018

Ridha Hayati 1511314015

Rahimah Febrialisa 1511314020

Undergraduate International Nursing Program

Faculty of Nursing

Andalas University

Forewords

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT authors say over abundance of His mercy and

grace, I can finish a paper, entitled "Theory Orem". This paper aims to fulfill one of the tasks

of fundamental nursing 1 Course Lecturer Ns. Esthika Ariany, S.kep, M.kep.

The paper was written by various sources related to the material, as well as

information from various media relating to such materials.

The authors hope this paper can add insight regarding fundamental nursing 1 on

nursing process. And the authors hope for readers to be able to provide criticism and

suggestions for this paper to be more perfect.

Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

Padang, august 2015

The writer team