TENSESpresent simple

is used to express daily routines and habits.Simple present tense

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSEAdverbs of frequency such as 'usually', 'sometimes', 'rarely', etc. are often used with the present simple.

This tense is often used with the following time expressions:

always, usually, sometimes, etc.

... every day

... on Sundays, Tuesdays, etc.

PositiveStatement

Subject + Present Tense + object(s) + time Expression

Frank usually takes a bus to work.

Negative

Subject + do / does + not (don't / doesn't) + verb + object(s) + time Expression

They don't often go to Chicago.

Question

(Question Word) + do / does + subject + verb + object(s) + time Expression

How often do you play golf?

Test your skillsShe ______ get up early on Saturdays. not doesn'tdon'tMy father _____ at a bank. works work do work

 Where _____ live? do your uncle does your uncle your uncle

They _____ play golf. not doesn't don't

Present Continuous

One use of the present continuous tense is for action that is occurring at the moment of speaking.

Remember that only action verbs can take the continuous form.

This tense is often used with the following time expressions:

... at the moment ... now ... today ... this morning / afternoon / evening

Positive Sentence    • Subject + I

auxiliary verb + ammain verb-ing (Present participle) + playingObject cricket

Examples        I am playing cricket.        He is driving a car        They are reading their lessons. 

Present perfect tense[has/have + past participle]

You have seen that movie many times.Have you seen that movie many times?You have not seen that movie many times.

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USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now.

The exact time is not important.

You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as:

yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc.

We CAN use the Present Perfect with

unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

I have seen that movie twenty times.I think I have met him once before.There have been many earthquakes in

California.People have traveled to the Moon.People have not traveled to Mars.

Interrogative/NegativeHave you read the book yet?A: Has there ever been a war in the United

States? (for things)B: Yes, there has been a war in the United

States.Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

TOPIC 1 Experience

I have been to France.THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING IN FRANCE. MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES.

He has never traveled by train.Joan has studied two foreign languages.

Change Over TimeYou have grown since the last time I saw

you.The government has become more

interested in arts education.Japanese has become one of the most

popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.

My English has really improved since I moved to Australia

Accomplishments

Man has walked on the Moon.Our son has learned how to read.Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.Scientists have split the atom.

An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

James has not finished his homework yet.Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she

can communicate.Bill has still not arrived.The rain hasn't stopped.

Multiple Actions at Different Times

The army has attacked that city five times.I have had four quizzes and five tests so far

this semester.We have had many major problems while

working on this project.She has talked to several specialists about

her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present PerfectWhen we use the Present Perfect it means

that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:Have you been to Mexico in the last year?I have seen that movie six times in the last

month.They have had three tests in the last week.She graduated from university less than

three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.

My car has broken down three times this week.