telling our stories - cskls

TellingOurStories

2015ConferenceProceedingsCalvinCollege●GrandRapids,MI

June10-12,2015

CSKLS2015ConferenceProceeding2

©CSKLS2014

ChristianSocietyforKinesiology&LeisureStudies

WelcomeConferenceAttendee!

TheBoardofDirectorsfortheChristianSocietyforKinesiology&LeisureStudies(CSKLS)welcomesyoutoour25thAnniversaryconferenceonthecampusofMessiahCollegeinMechanicsburg,PA.SpecialthanksgoestoJimGustafson,conferencehost,andthemanypeoplewhohelpedplantheconference,aswellastheCSKLSmemberswhoassistedintheproposalreviewprocess.Theworkoftheseindividualshasbeenessentialtothecreationofanoutstandingconferenceprogram.Animpressivelistofinvitedspeakers,upliftingworshipexperiences,andpresentationssubmittedbyyou,themembersofCSKLShighlightthe25thAnniversaryconference.ThankyouforcontinuingtoofferyourbestworktobepresentedattheCSKLSannualconference.

Weareverypleasedtobeyourhostforthisconferenceandhopeyouenjoyboththeconferenceandthesocialactivitiesthatareplanned.Ifwemaybeofassistance,pleasefeelfreetofindusduringtheconference.

Sincerely,

CSKLSBoardofDirectors

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Contents

ConferenceSchedule..............3

PresentationSchedule.............4

PresentationAbstracts.............5

StudentPresentationAbstracts.......15

WhitePapers..................17

KeynoteSpeakerBiographies.........29

BoardofDirectors...............30PastConferenceSites............31

Past-Presidents................31


©CSKLS2014

CSKLS2015ConferenceScheduleTuesday,June9

3:00-10:00 Registration5:00-6:30 Dinner(Fieldhouse280)6:00-9:00 BoardMeeting(Steen

ConferenceRoom)6:00-11:00 SocialTime

Wednesday,June10

6:00-7:00 EarlyBirdWorkout7:00-8:00 Breakfast(Knollcrest)8:30-11:30 Pre-conference–FaithIntegrationWorkshop8:30-11:30 Pre-conferenceRecreationElectives(WalkontheRapids) 12:00-12:45 Lunch(Knollcrest)1:00-1:15 Welcome(SFC280)1:15-2:15 PlenarySessionI:Bruce

Berglund 2:30-5:15 Presentations6:00-8:30 SocialEvent/Dinner8:30-9:30 IceCreamSocial9:30-11:00 SocialTime

Thursday,June11

6:45-7:50 CSKLSBoardMeeting7:00-7:45 Breakfast8:00-8:20 Devotional(SFC280)8:30-9:30 PlenarySessionII:Karl

Johnson9:45-11:30 Presentations12:00-1:00 LunchwithSpecialInterestGroups1:15-2:15 CSKLSBusinessMeeting2:15-3:15 WhitePapers3:30-4:15 PlenarySessionIII:NickWatson4:15-6:15 FreeTime6:15-7:15 Banquet(Chapel

Undercroft)7:30-8:15 AwardsandKeynote:

SteveWaller8:15-8:45 WorshipService8:45-11:00 SocialTime

Friday,June12

6:45-7:50 CSKLSBoardMeeting7:00-7:45 Breakfast8:00-8:20 Devotional8:30-9:30 PlenarySessionIV:Ted

Kluck9:45-11:30 Presentations11:45-12:15 Regathering/Wrapup12:15-1:15 Lunch1:15-5:00 FreeTime


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PresentationSchedule


©CSKLS2014

PresentationsThescienceofgratitude:Physical,psychological,spiritualandpedagogicalbenefitsofpracticinggratitudeChristineMilner,WestmontCollege

PracticinggratitudeasaChristiandisciplinecanyieldmanybenefits.Inrecentyears,effortstounderstandthebenefitsofgratitudehavegonemainstream(beyondreligiouscircles).RobertEmmons,inhisbookThanks!HowPracticingGratitudeCanMakeYouHappier(2007),summarizesthenewscienceofgratitude.AsaprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisandoneofthescholarschampioningthepositivepsychologymovement,hehasfocusedhisresearchonthescienceofgratitude,includingphysicalandpsychologicalbenefits.AnumberofprofessorsandstaffmembersatWestmontCollegespenttimeduringthefallsemesterstudyinghisworkinabookclubsponsoredbytheProvost’soffice.Thiseffortculminatedinapresentationtothefaculty,severalsmallpilotstudiesincoursesandchangedperspectivesandpracticesrelatedtogratitude.Thispresentationwillrecapthelearningandexperiencesoftheprofessorswhotookpartinasemesterfocusedonthepracticeofgratitude.Asaparticipantinthisprocess,IcanhumblyofferwhatwelearnedtoCSKLSintheformofapresentation/discussionifsodesired.

Areviewof"TheRestofLife."PaulHeintzman,UniversityofOttawa

Whileanumberofbookswerepublishedinthe1970sandthe1980sonaChristianperspectiveofleisure(e.g.,Dahl,1972;Johnston,1983;Lehman,1974;Oswalt,1987;Ryken,1987;Sherrow,1984;Spence,1973)perhapsbecauseofthepredictionatthattimeofaleisuresocietythathasnotmaterialized,therehavebeenfewerbooksonthissubjectsincethen(Doohan,1990;Neville,2004,Heintzman,VanAndel,&Visker,1994/2006;Ryken,1995).Ryken’s(1995)bookwasactuallyarevisionofhis1987bookandtheHeintzman,VanAndelandVisker(1994/2006)wasacompilationofconferencepapersratherthanasystematicoverviewofaChristianperspectiveonleisure.Thusthe2012booktitled"TheRestofLife:Rest,Play,Eating,Studying,SexfromaKingdomPerspective,"writtenbyNewTestamentScholarBenWitheringtonIII,isawelcomeadditiontothebodyofliteraturerelatedtoChristianperspectivesonleisure.FormostofthechaptersWitheringtoninteractswiththewritingsofoneauthor(e.g.,Tonstadinthechapteronrest,Johnstonforthechapteronplay,Bellforthechapteronsex).ThepurposeofthispresentationistoprovideareviewofWitherington’sbookbypresentingthemainpointsofthebookandthensuggestinganumberofstrengthsandweaknessesofthebook.Thepresentationwillfocusonthosechaptersmostdirectlyrelatedtoleisure,thatis,restandplay.


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FlippingthewellnessclassroomJamesGustafson,MessiahCollegePeterWalters,WheatonCollege

Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutflippingtheclassroominrecentyears,buthowcanthatbedoneinwellnessclasseswheremuchofthetimeisspentexercising?Andhowdoesone(likeme)whoresiststechnologyevergetstarted?Inthissession,IwillsharemystoryofhowIstartedflippingmyclassroomwithoutevenknowingitandhowthis"work-in-progress"iscomingalong.Timewillbeavailableforyoutoshareyourexperiencesindoingtheflipandwhatwehavelearnedthusfar.Allexperiencelevelsof"flippers"arewelcome.

DevelopingaSabbathethicinsportMarkDeLisio,GordonConwellTheologicalSeminary

TheLord’sDayaswellastheSabbathisalltoooftenneglectedandrejectedintheUnitedStates.WhiletheLord’sDayandtheSabbath(andwewilllaterexplorethedistinction)isnotbeingobservedinmanyareasofoursocietyincludingworkandretailbusiness,neitherisitobservedinsport,albeityouth,interscholastic,intercollegiate,professionalorevenamateursport.Weliveina‘post-Christendom’worldandtheJudaic-ChristianprincipleoftheSabbathandtheLord’sDaywhich,wascommonlyrecognizedagenerationortwoagobypracticingChristiansandevennon-Christians,ismoreandmoreneglectedandevenviewednegatively.Theaffectsandconsequencesarguablymostnegativeinsport.Thispresentationconsistsofthreemainareasdividedintothreeparts,PartOne,PartTwo,andPartThree.PartOneservesastheIntroductionasstatedabove;PartTwoexplorestheHistoryandTheologyoftheSabbathandtheLord’sDayaswellaspracticesandtraditionssurroundingtheobservancesinJudaismandChristendom,intheearlychurchandtoday.PartThreebeginsbyrevealingtheproblemsandnegativeconsequencesourcultureandwe,asindividuals,areexperiencingasaresultof‘not’observingtheseHolydaysastheCreatordesignedthem.InPartThreewefacethecomplicationsandchallengesofhonoringtheseHolydaysandexplorepossiblewaysofdevelopingaSabbathethicinviewofthecomplicationsandchallengesi.e.‘whatdowedoaboutit’.


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Effectofinstructionalandmotivationalself-talkontheacquisitionofSCUBAmaskclearingskillsLorraineWilson,AbileneChristianUniversityResearchhasshownthatself-talkcanbeusefulinenhancingsportperformance(Tod,Hardy,&Oliver,2011).Muchofthesportperformanceresearchhasfocusedontaskssuchasputtingagolfballorthrowingdartsatatarget.Thepurposeofthisresearchistoexploretherelationshipsamongself-talk,performance,confidence,focus,andeffortofnoviceSCUBAdiverslearningessentialskillsnecessarytoreceiveanopenwaterdivercertification.Participantswere34students(n=?male,n=?female)enrolledinaphysicaleducationSCUBAdivingcourseatasmall,privateuniversity.Studentsgaveinformedconsentandwererandomlyassignedtomotivationalself-talk(e.g.,‘‘let’sgo”,‘‘giveitall’’,‘‘Icandoit’’,‘‘Ifeelgood’’),instructionalself-talk(e.g.,‘‘inhale,holdandtilt,exhalenose’’),orcontrolconditionsthattheypracticedandusedduringfiveconfinedwater(pool)sessions.Participantsusedtheirassignedself-talkastheywereintroducedtomaskclearingskills,practicedtheskills,wereevaluated,andcompletedafinalassessmentofmaskclearingproficiencywasmadeinopenwater.Thecontrolgroupwasnotassignedtouseanyparticularself-talk.Participantsalsoratedtheirlevelsofconfidence,focus,andeffort.Theresultsofthisresearchhighlighttheeffectsofself-talkonpsychologicalfactorsandperformanceofessentialSCUBAskills.

KillingforJesus:AlookatministriescenteredaroundhuntingDaleConnelly,BaylorUniversity

ThesportofhuntingreceivesvaryinglevelsofsupportwithinthelargerChristiancommunity.Wewillexploresomeoftheethical,moralandtheologicalissuesassociatedwithhunting.Aseriesofcasestudieswillportrayseveralchurchesandministrygroupsthatusehuntingasaprimaryfocusofministry.Casestudiesincludethefollowing:1.FirstBaptistChurchofCleveland,Tennessee.TheMinisterofRecreation,RustyAsble,runsacomprehensiveoutdoorministrythatincludesupland,waterfowl,andgamehunting.2.LegacyOutfittersinWaco,Texas.FounderJeffFritscherhasorganizedanetworkoflocalchaptersthatofferfellowshipgroupsandsmallgroupdiscussions.Thechaptershuntandfishtogether,haveoutdoor-relatedfundraisers,andhosteducationalseminars.3.MissionMediaMinistries,Nashville,Tennessee.FounderJasonCruiseisheavilyinvolvedinproducingevangelistichuntingvideosaswellspeakingatnumerouschurchesandwildgamedinners.4.ButlerCommunityAllianceChurch,Butler,Pennsylvania.AssociatePastorDennyKrajacicuseshuntingasamajoremphasisofhismen’sministry.5.HeartofaSportsmanministry,NorthCarolina.FounderJeremyHarrillrunsaministrythatbeganinhischurchthathasgrowntoinvolvemediaproductions,wildgamedinners,huntingtripsanddevotionalguides.


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TheeffectsoffaithbasedvaluesandanexerciseprogramoncardiovascularriskfactorsAprilCrommett,CedarvilleUniversityPublishedresearchclearlyshowsarelationshipbetweenlifestylebehaviorsandhealthbutoftenarebasedonchangingextremebehaviors.Thispurposeofthisstudywastodetermineifhavingfaithbasedvaluesandacommitmenttostewardshipofthephysicalbodyelicitedsimilarlipid,bloodpressure,andfitnessresultsaswouldbeseeninanon-faithbasedpopulation.Thestudyinvolveda12weekwellnessinitiativethatincludedmeasurementsoftotalcholesterol,triglycerides,HDL,LDL,bloodpressure,waistcircumference,andcardiovascularfitness.Participantswereencouragedtowalkforatleast30minutesonatleast4daysoftheweek.Outcomesofthestudywillbediscussed.AttendeesofthesessionwillbeencouragedtosharesimilarwellnessinitiativestheyhaveattemptedatotherChristianuniversities.

Intergenerationallearning:EngagingthecommunityCathyHeadley,JudsonUniversityGod’swordsays"NowalsowhenIamoldandgreyheaded,OGod,forsakemenot;untilIhaveshewedthystrengthuntothisgeneration,andthypowertoeveryonethatistocome."(Psalms71:18).Intergenerationalprogrammingistheinteractionbetweentwoormoreagegroupswithactivitiesthatshareskills,knowledge,andexperienceswhichbringsmeaningtoeachoftheparticipantsinapositivewayoveraperiodoftime(Brummel,1989).Theseexperiencesaremutuallybeneficial,meetingtheneedsofeachgrouporgeneration,andpromotesanddevelopsunderstanding,friendshipandsocialization.Thisprogrampromoteswellnessandleisureusinganintergenerationalservicelearningproject.Universitystudentslearnhownutritionandphysicalactivityrelatetolifelongsuccessfulagingandapplythemwithpractice.Thisallowsolderadultstoparticipateinleisureandwellnessprograms;socializewitheachotheranduniversitystudentsinanintergenerationalcongregatediningexperience.Studieshaveshownthatbringingtogetherolderandyoungeradultsnotonlyallowsolderadultstosuccessfullyage,butaidsyoungeradultsintheirsearchforsignificance.Theabilitytostayhealthytogetherallowsintegrationofbody,mindandspirit.Settingthestage,AmesandYouatt(1994)developedfivecategoriesforintergenerationalactivities:1.Recreation/leisure;2.Education;3.Healthpromotion;4.Publicservice(servicelearninginthiscase);5.Personaldevelopment.Thesecategoriesguidetheprocessforsuccessfulintergenerationalprogramming.


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TheefficacyofstudentcreatedvideoclipsintheclassroomMatthewRuiz,HuntingtonUniversityFilmandvideosareapopularmodetotransmitthoughts,ideas,andcontentinourcontemporaryworld.Forexample,morethan1billionuniqueusersvisitYouTubeeachmonth,uploading100hoursofvideoeveryminute.AccordingtoYouTube,over6billionhoursofvideoarewatchedeachmonth,almostanhourforeverypersononEarth,and50%morethanin2013.ThisinteractivepresentationwillreflectonarecentcoursetaughtataChristianuniversitywhichcapitalizedontheYouTubephenomena.DuringthisFall2013Sport&ExercisePsychologycourse,creatinganoriginal2-3minutevideoingroupsof3-4studentswasrequired.Thevideosrelatedtoasport,exercise,fitness,orwellnessexperiencefromoutsideofclassthatpertainedtosportandexercisepsychologyandwasrelativetothelivesofthestudents;thevideosalsowererequiredtorelatebacktospecificcoursematerialinsomeway.Participantsatthispresentationwilllearnaboutthe“YouTubephenomena”,watchandanalyzeseveralofthebestuploadedvideosfromtheSport&ExercisePsychologycourse,discussthecontentandquality,“grade”thestudents’work,anddiscussfuturepossibilitiesinthisarea.Wewilldebatetheefficacyofsuchaplatformforfaith-integrationinlightoftheglobalreachofserviceslikeYouTube.

Spiritualityasaresourceforsocialandenvironmentaljusticeintheparks,recreation,tourismandleisurefieldsPaulHeintzman,UniversityofOttawa

Inrecentyearsbothempirical(e.g.,Fox,1997;Schmidt&Little,2007)andnon-empirical(e.g.,Driver,Dustin,Baltic,Eisner,&Peterson,1996;Dustin,1994)literatureontherelationshipsbetweenspiritualityandthefieldsofparks,recreation,tourismandleisurehasbeengrowing.Unfortunatelymuchofthisresearchhasfocusedupontheimmediatespiritualexperienceoftheparticipant.Haluza-Delay(2000)hascriticizedstudiessuchasthosebyStringerandMcAvoy(1992)andFredricksonandAnderson(1999)forfocusingonwildernessspiritualexperiencesthat“primarilyconsistedofpleasantemotionalstates,”that“saylittleabouttheconsequencesofsuchexperiences”anddonotassist“inanunderstandingofspiritualityintheserviceofenvironmentalawareness”(p.146).SimilarlyHeintzman(2009)notedthatresearchhasfocusedonthepersonalspiritualbenefitsofleisurewithlittleattentiontothesocialrelationshipandsocialjusticedimensionsofspirituality.Yetspiritualityisverymuchconcernedwithsocialandenvironmentaljustice.AsHaluza-Delayhasnoted,withinaspiritualtraditionsuchasChristianity,churchesareconcernedwitheco-justicealongsidesocialconcerns.Elkins,Hughes,Saunders,LeafandHedstrom(1988)identifiedaltruismasacomponentofspirituality.Theydefinedaltruismas“astrongsenseofsocialjusticeandcommitmenttoaltruisticloveandaction.Abeliefthatweareourneighbour’skeeperandthatweareallpartofcommonhumanitywhichcreatesanawarenessofthesufferingandpainofothers”(p.11).Hawks(1995)identifiedbothonenesswithnatureandconnectednesswithothersascharacteristicsofspiritualhealth.Buildinguponresearchthathasdocumentedarelationshipbetweenleisureandspiritualwell-being(e.g.,Heintzman,2000;Heintzman&Mannell,2001,2003),thispaperwillexaminethespiritualdimensionofleisureasaresourcethattheparks,recreation,tourismandleisurefieldscandrawupontobringaboutsocialandenvironmentaljustice.


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“It'saSmallWorldAfterAll”:Acasestudyofthedevelopment,implementation,andassessmentofasummerstudyabroadcoursetotheCzechRepublicPaulBartlett,NorthwesternCollegeVondaPost,NorthwesternCollege

“It’sasmallworldafterall.”Thisgeneration,unlikethoseofanybefore,cantraveltomostanypartoftheworld,thusgivingtheimpressionthat“it’sasmallworldafterall.”However,thisaccessibilitytotheworldactuallyshouldbroadenourviewoftheworldinwhichwelive.ThenumberofAmericancollegestudentsstudyingabroadhasbeenincreasing,inparticularshort-termstudyabroadoptionstoexperienceanotherculture.Experientially-basedcross-culturallearningisrecognizedbymanycollegesanduniversitiesasanimportantcurricularoffering—NorthwesternCollegeincluding.Since1998,NorthwesternCollegehasbeenoffering(short-term)summerstudyabroadprogramstocreateadditionalcross-culturallearningopportunities.ThreeofthesesummerstudyabroadtripshavebeentotheCzechRepublictostudyphysicalcultureasawindowintothegeneralcultureandasabasisofcomparisonwiththeUnitedStates.InthispresentationIwilldescribethedevelopment,implementation,andassessmentofthesestudyabroadtrips.Particularemphasiswillbeplacedonacasestudyofthe2013trip,includingtheresultsandconclusionsofacontentanalysisresearchondailyjournalentriesexaminingtherelationshipbetweenin-countrycriticaleventsanddepthofcross-culturallearning.Specificandgeneralrecommendationsforfuturestudyabroadtripswillbeoffered.


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DevelopingauniversitywellnessprogramforserviceandministryJosephCole,TreveccaNazareneUniversityMonicaO'Rourke,CaliforniaBaptistUniversity

Manyuniversitieshavestarted,orareintheprocessofstarting,employeewellnessprogramsinordertodefertherisingcostofhealthcareandtotakeadvantageofpotentialincentivesofferedthroughtheAffordableHealthCareAct.Christianuniversitieshaveanexcellentopportunitytoleadandbeintheforefrontofemployeewellness,aswellnessiscentraltoourwalkwithChrist.Everybelieveriscalledtopresenthisorher"bodyasalivingsacrifice"andtoliveasexamplestothoseweserve.Thisisespeciallytrueforacademiciansanddepartmentsthatgiveinstructioninfitnessandhealth.Thepurposeofthispresentationistoaddresshowcollegesanduniversitiescanstartandmaintainanemployee/studentwellnessprogramwitharelativitylowbudgetandcurrentdepartmentresources.ExamplestakenfromTreveccaNazareneUniversity’sCenterforMaximizingWellnessProgramwillbepresented.Participantsinthissessionwillbegiven;ministrytoolstrategies,administrativeandmanagementprotocol,interestsurveys,programdevelopment,marketingstrategies,advertising,funding,reward/recognitionincentives,recordkeepingprocedures,facilityuse,instructortraining,andstrategiesformakingthewellnessprogramatoolforoutreachandministry.Thehistory,presentstate,andfuturegoalsoftheTNUwellnessprogramwillalsobeprovided.Start-upandparticipationdatawillbepresentedtogivepossibleinferencetoothercollegesanduniversitiesastheymaybeinterestedinstartingsimilarprograms.Collaborativeparticipationwillbeencouragedduringthepresentationforattendeesthathaveinformationandexperiencestartingandoperatingwellnessprograms.

TheeffectivenessoftheDanielPlan:Ananalysisoftheeffectivenessofthetrainingmanualutilizedforthisprogram.DaleCampbell,VanguardUniversity

TheDanielPlanisasuccessfulWellnessprogramdesignedbySaddlebackChurchinLakeForest,CA.MyinvolvementinTheDanielPlanhasbeentoassesstheeffectivenessofthemanualutilizedtoteachtheprogram.Theworkconsistedofdesigningasurveytodetermineparticipanthappinesswithmeetingtheirneedsforthecorecomponentareasoffaith,food,fitness,friends,andfocus.ThisassessmenttoolhasledtotheupdatingandcreationofthesecondadditionofthetrainingmanualfortheDanielPlan.


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IntegratingundergraduateresearchintoChristianliberalartshighereducationMattRenfrow,TaylorUniversity

Undergraduateresearch(UR)hasbecomeanimportantfacetofhighereducationinthepastseveraldecades.URhasledtoimprovements/increasesincriticalthinking,presentationskills,contentcomprehension,andstudentspursuinggraduateeducation.However,URatChristianliberalartsinstitutionsisnoteasilypursued.Facultyoftenbalanceteachingseveralcourseswithotherresponsibilitieswhichoftenarenotconsideredinone’steachingload.Furthermore,researchisoftenacriterionforfacultytenureandpromotion.Thisplacesmanyfacultyinthechallengingsituationoftryingtopursueextracurricularresearchwhilemaintainingexcellenceintheclassroomasthisistheprimarychargetoprofessorsinmostliberalartsinstitutions.IntegratingURintomajorcurriculamayserveasasolutiontothispredicament.ImplementingUR,particularlydirectedresearchprojects,givesstudentstheopportunitytoinvestigate,indepth,contentthatisveryintriguingtothemwhileprovidethemskillssuchasdevelopingresearchquestionsandhypotheses,informationliteracy,statisticalanalyses,andwritinginstitutionalreviewboardproposals.Simultaneously,directedresearchcoursesmaybeawayinwhichfacultycanreceivecourseloadwhileparticipatinginmeaningfulresearchthattheyenjoyandfulfillacommonrequirementfortenureandpromotion.Facultymaythenpresentresearchfindingsatinstitutional-,local-,regional-,national-,orinternational-levelconferencesandsymposiadependingonthequalityofwork.Somestudentgroupsandprojectsmayhavetheabilitytopublishtheirwork.VariousconferencesandjournalsexistsspecificallyfortheenhancementanddisseminationofUR.Ultimately,URcanimprovefaculty-studentrelationships,enhancestudentlearningand,consequently,preparationforGod’svocationalcallingontheirlives,andfosterfacultyexcellencebyprovidingmeaningful,challenging,andcollaborativeprojects.


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WellnessclassresultsJamesGustafson,MessiahCollege

Teachingsubjectmatteriseasy…gettingstudentstomakelifestylechangesismuchmoredifficult.So,Iaskedmywellnessstudentstotellmeiftheyhavechangedtheirwellnessbehaviorsandtowhatextent.Thispresentationwillexaminethesurveyresultsofarecentsemesterofwellnessstudentsandtheirresponsestoquestionsconcerningcardiovascularfitness,sleep,nutrition,strength,flexibility,substanceabuse,andstress.

“Thereisnothingnewunderthesun”:AweavingofsocialscientificresearchfindingsonleisureandspiritualitywithwisdomfromChristianclassicsofspiritualityPaulHeintzman,UniversityofOttawa

In1991McDonaldandSchreyerwroteachaptertitled“Spiritualbenefitsofleisureparticipationandleisuresettings”whichestablishedthefoundationforthesocialscientificstudyoftheleisureandspiritualityrelationship.Twentyyearslaterabodyofempiricalliteraturehasbeguntobeestablishedonthistopic.Someofthesestudieshavegonebeyonddeterminingifleisurehasspiritualbenefitstoinvestigatingtheleisurefactorsthatproducespiritualbenefits.AsSchmidt(2006)asks,"Whatisitabouttheseexperiencesthatcontributetospiritualbenefitswithinleisure?"(p.177).Atleasteightprocessesthatlinkleisureandspiritualityhavebeenidentifiedthroughempiricalresearch(Heintzman,2009).Whileempiricalresearchonleisureandspiritualityisrecent,non-empiricalknowledgeandwisdomonspiritualityhasexistedforcenturies.Forexample,withintheChristiantradition,theclassicsofspiritualityoutlineanddescribespiritualdisciplinesorpracticesthataidinspiritualgrowth(e.g.,Foster,1978).ThepurposeofthispaperistoinvestigatewhethertheleisureprocessesthathavebeenempiricallydocumentedascontributingtospiritualityaresimilartothespiritualpracticesanddisciplinesthathavebeenadvocatedforcenturiesaspathstospiritualgrowthintheChristiantradition.Usinganinterdisciplinaryapproachthisstudybeganwitheightleisurefactorsthatcontributetospiritualbenefitsasidentifiedthroughempiricalresearch(Heintzman,2009).ThenclassicwritingsonChristianspirituality,oftenintheformofanthologies(Foster&Smith,1993;Foster&Griffith,2000)orsummaries(Foster,1978;Harris,1999),werereviewedtodetermineiftheidentifiedleisurefactorsweresimilartotraditionalChristianspiritualpracticesanddisciplines.


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IntroductiontothefunctionalmovementscreenDavidWiederrecht,BethelCollege

AnIntroductiontotheFunctionalMovementScreenpresentationwillconsistofanintroductiontotheFunctionalMovementScreenandsomeofthehistoryandphilosophybehindthescreen.Initially,thepurposeofthesevenscreenswillbediscussedalongwiththecriteriaforgrading.Followingthedidacticportionofthepresentation,avolunteerwillbescreenedtodemonstratetheeaseofuseofthesevenscreens.Iftimepermits,othersmaybeabletobescreenedorallattendeescanbe'screened'together.

HistoricalperspectivesandfutureopportunitiesinsportministryValerieGin,GordonCollege

Itiscrucialtounderstandthehistoricalperspectivesandtrendsofsportsministrytounderstandwherewearetodayandhowtostrategicallythinkaboutthefuture.Wheredidsportsministrybegin?Whatmotivatedandinfluencedthepioneersofthemodernmovementofsportsministry?Thoughitisrecognizedthatmanyministrieshavehadaroleinhistory,itisnotintendedtolisteveryministry,insteadthepresentationsummarizesthepastthroughrepresentativetrends,highlightingthepioneerministriesofeach.WhatcanwegleanfromhistorythatwillhelpusplanandstrategizehowtoimpacttheworldofsportfortheKingdom?Howcanwebestanalyzeandshapesportsministryinthefuture?Thispresentationwillprovideaframeworktothinkaboutfutureopportunitiesandfrontiersofsportinministry.


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StudentPresentationsFixingoureyesuponChrist:AlookattheeyeGraceAghan,GordonCollege

Theprimaryaimistoconveyhowthescienceofvisioncorrelateswiththespiritualvisionusinganin-depthlookattheanatomyoftheeyeanditsfunctionasrelatestoscripture.Seeingisthefirststepthatshouldbeaccomplishedinregardstovision.Inthisstep,lightwaveshittheeyeandprovideillumination.Thisisthesamethingthatthebiblereferstowhenitsaythattheunfoldingofyourwordsgiveslight;itgivesunderstandingtothesimple.(Psalm119:130).God’swordgivesusthelighttoourspiritualeyes.ItalsosaysopenmyeyesthatImayseewonderfulthingsinyourlaw(Psalm119:18).Thenextstepisfocusing;thiscanbeexplainedasadeliberateattempttobringonethingintotheeye’sfieldofviewandkeepitthereforaslongasitisneeded.Focusingcanalsomeanthatthemovementoftheimageisfollowed.Thebibleaddressesthiswhenitsayswatchthepathofyourfeetandallyourwayswillbeestablished.Donotturntotherightnortotheleft;Turnyourfootfromevil.(Proverbs4:27).

AbiomechanicalanalysisofthehighjumpLisaRichardson,GordonCollege

HighJumpingasasporthasbeentakingplacesincethe1800s.Therearetwophasesofthejumpthatarecriticaltobarclearance:take-offandflight.Thepurposeofthispilotstudywastoquantifymeasuresthatsetexperiencedjumpersapartfrominexperiencedjumpers.Werecruitedoneathletewhojumpedcollegiately(experienced)andonetrackandfieldathletewhoisjustbeginningtotrainforthehighjump(inexperienced).Thequestionsrelatedtothetake-offphasewere:(a)Doexperiencedjumpersconservemoremechanicalenergyduringtake-offthaninexperiencedjumpers?,(b)Isthedistancefromthecenterofgravity(COG)totheanklejointattoe-offcorrelatedtomaximumjumpheight,and(c)DoestheexperiencedjumperhaveacloserCOG-Ankledistancethantheinexperienced?Thequestionsrelatedtotheflightphasewere:(d)Isthecenterofmass(COM)ofanexperiencedjumperclosertothebarthanthatofaninexperiencedjumperatthetopoftheirflight?and(e)CananexperiencedjumpermaintainaconsistentmaximumCOMheightlongerthantheinexperiencedjumperafterrepeatedjump?Theresultsofthepilotstudyshowedthatallmeasuresbesidesthemeasureoffatigue(questione)variedasexpectedbetweentheexperiencedandinexperiencedjumper.MeasuresofenergyconservationandCOG-Ankledistanceareindicativeoftechniqueduringthetake-offphaseandcanbeusedintrainingnewjumpers.TheCOMheight’spositionrelativetothebarduringflightisindicativeofproperarchingtechniqueduringtheflightphase.Futurestudiesconductedusingthesemeasurescanbehelpfulinquantifyingproperjumpingtechnique.


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ExploringtherelationshipbetweenreligiosityandsocialsupportinChristiancommunitiesDouglasKnutson,OklahomaStateUniversityChandraStory,OklahomaStateUniversityIdethiaHarvey,UniversityofConnecticutMeliciaWhitt-Glover,GramercyResearchGroup

AttendanceatweeklyservicesisavitalpartofChristiandisciplineandpractice.Theabilitytomeasureinvolvementinafaithcommunityisimportantforhealthpromotionandleisurestudiesresearchersimplementingbehavioralinterventionsinfaithsettings.Christianidentityhasbeenlinkedtoavarietyofpositivementalandphysicalhealthoutcomes(e.g.,reducedratesofheartdisease,reduceddepression)relativetothegeneralUSpopulation.Theseoutcomeshavelargelybeenattributedtothemediatingroleofsocialinvolvementamongcongregants.Inshort,increasedreligiosityisrelatedtoincreasedsocialsupportwhichleadstobetterhealth.ThepresentationwilladdressassumptionsthathavebeenmadeinpastliteratureinregardtothesalutaryeffectsofreligiousinvolvementandsocialconnectednesswithinAfricanAmericanchurches.Resultsfromachurch-basedresearchproject(L.A.D.I.E.S.foraBetterLifeStudy)conductedbyGramercyResearchGroupwithAfricanAmericanwomenwillbeincorporatedandanalyzed.First,thepresentationwillhighlightchallengesthatarisewhenresearcherstrytoquantifyChristianreligiosityandrelateittosocialsupport.Second,thepresentationwillshowcaseinformationgainwhileanalyzinggeneralandreligioussocialsupport.Lastly,implicationsofChristianinvolvementandsocialsupportforexercisepromotionwillbediscussed.ThedatacollectedintheL.A.D.I.E.S.studymayindicateadifferentrelationshipbetweenreligiosityandsocialsupportthanhasbeenhighlightedinpastliterature.Implicationsforfutureresearchonhealthpromotioninreligiouscommunitieswillbeaddressed.

Anexaminationofreligiosity,athleticidentity,socialsupport,andperceivedstressamongChristianintercollegiateathletescompetingintheSoutheasternConferenceLandonHuffman,UniversityofTennessee

IntercollegiateathletescompetingintheSoutheasternConference(SEC)havebeensubjectedtoincreasedpressures,demands,andstressgiventheprevalentfinancialimplicationsassociatedwithwinning.Researchhassoughttoinvestigateholisticwellnessbutspiritualityhascommonlybeenoverlookedinthemainstreamoutlets.Therefore,itisvitaltoinvestigatetheroleofreligiosityasatooltofosterspiritualitywithintheholisticcareandstressmanagementmodelforintercollegiateathletes.Theliteraturehassuggestedindividualswhoaremorespiritualmoreeffectivelymanagestress.However,mostpublicschools’athleticdepartments,suchasthemajorityofinstitutionscomprisingtheSEC,refrainfromemployingfull-timeadvisorsdedicatedtocultivatingthespiritualdevelopmentofholisticcare.Perceivedstresscancausedetrimentalspikesindailyfunctioningwhichisparticularlydamagingforindividualswhomustbalanceacademicandathleticresponsibilities.Thisresearchemployedsurveymethodology,particularlytheDukeReligionIndex(DUREL)togainabetterunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenreligiosityandperceivedstressamongintercollegiateathletes.Thisstudyalsoevaluatedtherelationshipsbetweenreligiosityandathleticidentityandsocialsupporttoprovidebenchmarksregardingthestrengthoftherelationships.Datahasbeencollected(n=646)butnotyetanalyzed.Resultswillprovideinsightsforathleticadministratorsandspiritualhealthadvisorsregardingtheroleofreligiosityinholisticcareaswellasofferinsightsintothemostat-risksubgroupsofSECathletes.


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WhitePapersComingHometoourFather’sWorld

DonDeGraaf,CollegeoftheOzarks

INTRODUCTION:

InhisbookReflectionsoftheNorthCountry,thelateSigurdOlsonremarksthat"thegreatestachievementofourflighttothemoon(in1969)isthepictureoftheearth,alivingblue-greenplanetwhirlinginthedarkendlessvoidofspace,andtherealizationthatthisishome."Theenvironmentalmovementexpandedgreatlywiththisrealization–thefirstearthdaywasin1970.ThiseffectoftheAmericanspaceprogramwasneverintendedoranticipated–indeed,nearlyallenvironmentalistsinthe1960sactivelyfoughtagainstthespaceprogram,sayingthatwehadtosolveEarth’sproblemsbeforeexploringspace.Butthetimingwasright,andarealreframingtookplacetoexaminetheenvironmentalissuesoftheday.

Fast-forwardalmost50yearsandwecanseethatsomeprogresshasbeenmaderelatedtoworldwideenvironmentalissues,butsomanyissuesremain.Crazyweatherpatterns,lossofthesocialcapitalneededtosustaincommunities,globalconflicts,overuseofresources,thelistisendless.AllarounduswecanseethebrokennessthatisaresultofsinandincludesbrokenrelationshipswithourGod,witheachotherandwithournaturalworld.

Inviewingthestateofourplanettoday,itiseasytolosehopeandwonderwhatwecandoasindividualsandasprofessionalsto

addressthemulti-facetedissuesfacingourworld.Yet,wealsoknowthatwearecalledasChristianstobefaithfulandtoworktowardshalom.Inthiscontext,shalomcanbethoughtofas“thebattleforuniversalwholenessanddelight,”afeelingofcontentment,completeness,well-being,andharmony.ShalomdenotesarightrelationshipwithGod,withothers,andwithGod’screation;itisthewayGodintendedthingstobewhenhecreatedtheuniverse.Asaresult,ChristianshavebeguntoembracetheirroletoworkwithGod’screatedorderandtoworktowardsustainabilityasstewardsofGod’sworld(seeappendixAfortheBiblicalfoundationforourcallingasstewards).

ThiscallingtoserveasstewardsofournaturalworlddemandsthatweexamineallaspectsofourlivestoliveasGodintended.Intermsofourrelationshiptothenaturalworld,therecreationactivitieswepursueprovidearichframeworkforpursuingshalominourlives.Withinthiscontext,recreationalprofessionalscanworktointegratetheirfaithintotheirworkwhentheystrivetocreateprogramsthatpromotedeeperrelationshipswithourGod,ourneighbors(acrossthestreetandaroundtheworld),aswellaswiththenaturalworldthatGodcreated.Inparticular,thispaperwillfocusonhowrecreationprofessionals(andthecollegesanduniversitiesthatpreparethem)canencouragewonderandloveforthethingsGodlovesaswellasstewardshipandaccountabilityfortherenewalandcareofGod’snaturalworld.


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ToexploretheconnectionbetweenourrecreationalchoicesandfulfillingourcallingasstewardsofGod’sworld,weshallturntodiscussingthreewords–Dream–Explore–Discover–whichchallengeustoliveoutourfaithintangibleandcreativewaysaswecontinuetostriveforshalom,theuniversalflourishingofallthings.

DREAM

InhisclassicworkTheSandCountyAlmanac,Leopold(1949)challengesAmericanstodevelopalandethicthatenlargestheboundaryofthecommunitytoincludesoils,water,plants,andanimalsorcollectivelytheland.Itdemandsthateachquestionofman'srelationshiptohisenvironmentbestudiedintermsofwhatisethicallyandessentiallyrightaswellaswhatiseconomicallyexpedient.“Athingisrightwhenittendstopreservetheintegrity,stabilityandbeautyofthebioticcommunity.Itiswrongwhenittendstodootherwise”(p.204)

ThischallengewasreiteratedinthePresident’sCommissiononAmericansOutdoors(1987)thatconcludesforthepast25yearswehaveemphasizedtheroleofgovernmentinconservationandenvironmentalproblemsandhavegivenlittleattentionregardingtheroleoftheindividual.Alandethichasnotbeencreatedinthemindsofindividuals.Today,noattempttoprotecttheenvironmentwillbesuccessfulunlessordinarypeoplearewillingtoadjusttheirlifestylesanddevelopapersonalizedethicofcarefortheenvironmentandeachother.Educationisakeycomponentofdevelopinganethicofcarethatemphasizestheabilitytomakeconsciousmoraldecisionsandtounderstandhowandwhythosedecisionsarebeingmadeandhowthese

behaviorsareaffectingtheearthandotherpeople.

Almost30yearsafterthePresident’sCommissiononAmericanOutdoors,Americansstillstrugglewithdevelopingamindsetthatencouragesadeepconnectiontothenaturalworld.AsChristians,wemuststrivetocreateanarrativethatcaptivatesourimaginationsandoursensestofosteralandethicthattiesintoourBiblicalmandateasstewards.Thisdemandsthatwedream,toenvisionwhatmightbe.IthinkthatGodwantsustodream!Hewantsustouseourimaginationstoseeandexperiencetheworlddifferently,notasitisbutasitcouldbe.Godwantsustoengageourworldwithaneyeontransformingtheisolationandbrokennesswefindintoconnectednessandcaringforthewhole.

AsBouma-PredigerandWalsh(2008)note,“weneedtohaveourimaginationssetfreetoseeandexperiencetheworlddifferently.Weneedaricher,deeper,andthickerhabitus,aworldviewrootedinanarrativethatengendersacultureofhospitalityandjustice.Weneedarenewedimaginationandrenewedculturalpracticesthatcancounterageographyofexclusionwithanethosofinclusion…weneedtobesetfreebyaradicalnarrativeofhospitalityandhomecoming”(p.112).Suchanarrative,leadsustoametaphorofhomemaking,connectingindividualsdeeplytoaspecificplace;suchcommitmentisimpossiblewithoutimagininghowtolove,care,learnaboutandconnectwithaspecificplace.Theprocessoflearningtoloveournaturalworldisoftenrootedandnurturedinhowwespendourtimeintheoutdoors.


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Theenvironmentsweexplore,theactivitieswelovetoparticipatein,aswellasthepeoplewhoshareourpassionsallhelptocreateastrongconnectionwithplaceandleadustoincludeournaturalworldintoahomemakingnarrative,whereallthingscanflourish.HomemakingisdeeplyrootedinlearningtolovethenaturalworldasGodlovesit.

Manyrecreationalprofessionalsarealreadyembracingsomeaspectsofthiscalltohomemakingthroughtheircommitmenttoplacemaking.TheProjectforPublicSpacesdefinesplacemakingas“aprocessthatcapitalizedonalocalcommunity’sassets,inspirationandpotential,ultimatelycreatinggoodpublicspacesthatpromotepeople’shealth,happiness,andwell-being.Itisbothaprocessandaphilosophy,anoverarchingideaandahands-ontoolforimprovinganeighborhood,acity,orregion”(MRPA,2013).Acommitmenttoplacemakingisacommitmenttohelpingindividualsconnecttothecommunitiesandplaceswheretheydwell,challengingthemtodwellwellbyseekingtheflourishingofallthings.

Challengequestions(forbothindividualsandrecreationalprofessionals):

1. Throughtheoutdooractivitieswepursueorpromoteforothers,howcanwefosteraworldviewthatincludesourresponsibilityfortheenvironment,aworldviewthatincludesalandethicsimilartotheoneLeopoldadvocatesforinhisbook,TheSandCountyAlmanac?

2. Whatdoesthemetaphorofhomemakingorplacemakingmeantoyou?Howdotheoutdooractivitiesyouparticipateincomplimentorcontradictthesemetaphors?

3. Sanders(1994)inhisbook,Stayingput:Makingahomeinarestlessworld,states“tobecomeintimatewithyourhomeregion,toknowtheterritoryaswellasyoucan,tounderstandyourlifeaswovenintolocallifedoesnotpreventyoufromrecognizingandhonoringthediversityofotherplaces.Ifyouarenotyourselfplaced,thenyouwandertheworldlikeasightseer,acollectorofsensations,withnogaugeformeasuringwhatyousee.Localknowledgeisthegroundingforglobalknowledge.”Howcanweavoidbeingacollectorofsensationsinourrecreationalpursuitsandinsteadworktouseouroutdoorrecreationactivitiestopromoteshalom,rightrelationshipswithGod,eachotherandthenaturalworldaroundus?Howcanwemanagethetensionbetweenrootednessandexploration?

EXPLORE

JohnMuirinhisbookOurNationalParks(1901)remindsusofthephysical,mental,andspiritualbenefitsofbeingoutdoorswhenhewrites,“wanderhereawholesummer,ifyoucan.ThousandsofGod'swildblessingswillsearchyouandsoakyouasifyouwereasponge.”AsMuirnotes,oneofthekeystoexperiencingGodinourlivesisthatwemustimmerseourselvesinthenaturalworld.Whiledreamingisanimportantfirststepintheprocessofseekingshalom,itisthroughexploring,doingandbeingintheoutdoorsthatstrongconnectionsaredevelopedandnurtured.

TheexperientialnatureofoutdoorrecreationactivitiesprovidesaimportantfoundationforconnectingtoournaturalworldandinsodoingconnectingtoGodbylivingagoodstory.WhilewecanlearnalotaboutGod


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fromthepagesofscripture,Heisstillamystery,unlesswelookforwaystobeinrelationshipwithHim.ThisisoneofGod’sdesires,hewantstoconnectandwhilehewillnotforcehimselfonus,hedoesrespondtothosewhowanttoknowhim.

DonMiller,theauthorofthebookAmillionmilesinathousandyears,encouragesustoseeourlivesasstoriesandgiftsfromGodandinsodoingchallengesustoliveagoodstory,tofullyusethegiftsGodgives.Peopleoftenhavegreatdreamsofchangingtheworldandlivingfullybutquicklyfallintosettlingforwhatcomestheirway.Butthisdoesnothavetobethecase.

InarecentcollegetriptokayakandcanoeinthebackcountryofEvergladesNationalParkwithstudents,Irememberlayingonthebeachlookingintotheheavensandseeingmillionsofstars.Asstudentsgazedupwardtheybegantomarvelatthevastnessoftheheavens,theytalkedaboutthebeautyandpowerofcreation.InasimilarsituationMilleraskedafriend“whydoyouthinkGoddidallofthis?”Miller’sfriendanswered:“itsobvious,hemadethestarstodazzleus.”Ultimately,whatdoesGodwantfromus?“Hewantstointeractwitheachoneofus,enjoytimewithus,havearelationshipwithusandenjoythefactthatwe,inturn,enjoyhim”(Miller,2012,p.11).

Throughouthiswritings,MillersarguesthatGodwantsustoliveagoodstoryand“rememberthepointofastoryisneverabouttheending.It’saboutyourcharactergettingmoldedinthehardworkofthemiddle”(Miller2009,p.154).Ibelievethatbeingactiveintheoutdoorscanhelpbuildagreatstory.OutdooractivitiescandrawusclosertoGod,helpustoslowourlivesdownand

enjoysimplepleasures.Outdooractivitiescanalsohelpusbuildrelationshipsandsharedstorieswithothersaswellasdeepenourconnectionstothenaturalworld,enjoyingthewondersofGod’screation.

OutdooractivitiescandoallthisandmorebutonlyifweareintentionalinhowwearecreatingandlivingoutourstoriesandseeinghowourstoryconnectswithGod’sbiggerstoryofseekingshalominthisworld.Beingintentional,creatingagoodstory,andexploringGod’sbiggerstorythroughtheoutdooractivitieswepursuedemandsthatweaskthefollowingtypesofquestionsofourselvesandtheprogramswedevelop:

1. Howcanwemakeexploringintheoutdoorsfunandworthwhile?HowcanwebeintentionalabouttheoutdooractivitieswepursuesothatourinvolvementintheseactivitieshelpusbuildbetterstoriesandseehowourstoriesultimatelyconnecttoGod’sstoryinthisworld?

2. Howcanwefindwaystoelevatepeople’srecreationhabitsratherthansimplyservingpopulartastesforrecreation?

3. Howcanweavoidthedrivetoconsumerisminoutdoorrecreation,thenotionthatweneedthelatestandbesttotrulyenjoytheoutdoors?

4. Howcanwedevelopmicroadventurestoencourageconnectingtothenaturalworldwithinalocalcontext?(Seetheresourcessectionformicroadventureprogramideas).

5. Howdowemanagethetensionbetweenrootednessandexploration?Howdoweactivelyengageourworldandconnectthelocalandglobal


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DISCOVER

Whenwedreamwithourmindswhatcanbe,andexplorewithourhandsandfeetandseewhatis,wearefreetodiscoverwhatbringsGodjoyandhowHewantsustodwellwellintheplacesweinhabit,seekingtheflourishingofallthings.WhenweapproachourrelationshipwiththenaturalworldwithahumbleheartandseekthejusticethatGoddemands,weopenourselvestothepossibilitiesofthisworld,weopenourselvestodiscoverGod’swonderfulplanforourlives.AsrecreationalprofessionalswebegintoseeourcallingandhowwecanbeapartofGod’sworkinHisworld.Webegintoseewhatitmeanstonotonlylivedeeplybuttodwellwellasinhabitants,wheneverwefindourselves.InthewordsofDavidOrr,“Aresidentisatemporaryoccupant,puttingdownfewrootsandinvestinglittle,knowinglittle,andperhapscaringlittlefortheimmediatelocalebeyonditsabilitytogratify...Theinhabitant,bycontrast,‘dwells’...Goodinhabitanceisanartrequiringdetailedknowledgeofaplace,thecapacityforobservation,andasenseofcareandrootedness”(asquotedbyBouma-Predinger&Walsh,2008).

Andwhyisitimportantthatwedwellwellintheplacesweinhabit?BecauseitbringsGodjoy!AsthefirstquestionandansweroftheWestminsterCatechismstates:Whatisthechiefendofman?ToglorifyGodandenjoyhimforever.Inadditiontothisultimatepurpose,spendingtimeoutdoorshelpsusrediscover:

• Theimportanceofspendingtimeoutdoorsinpromotingmentalhealthandreducingstress,depressionandanxiety,and

hyperactivity(DeVries,Groenewegen,&Spreeuwenberg,2003),andtoreduceaggressivenessandviolence(Kaplan,1995).Childreninparticularbenefitsocially,academically,andpsychologicallybyspendingtimeoutdoors(Louv,2005).

• Theinterconnectednessofourworldincludingtheimportanceofallaspectsofourlivesinmakingourworldmoresustainable.Forexample,themorewemakechoicesthatallowustobikeandwalktoworkratherthenrelyontheautomobile,themoresustainableourlivesbecome.

• Theconnectionbetweenwhatwebelieveandwhatwedo.AsLeopold(1949)hasnoted:"noimportantchangeinethicswaseveraccomplishedwithoutaninternalchangeinourintellectualemphasis,loyalties,affections,andconvictions.Theproofthatconservationhasnotyettouchedthesefoundationsofconductliesinthefactthatphilosophyandreligionhavenotyetheardofit.Inourattempttomakeconservationeasywehavemadeittrivial"(p.220).

Fosteringthisdiscoveryprocessbringsustoaskthefollowingtypesofquestionsofourselvesaswellasfortheprogramswedevelop:

1. Howcantheoutdooractivitiesweparticipateinhelpustodwellwellandbetterinhabittheplaceswearecalled?

2. Whatbehaviorsorvirtuesdoweneedtoincorporateintoourdailylivestomakeourworldmoresustainable?


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3. WhatpricearewewillingtopaytofollowGod’scallingtobestewardsanddwellwellwhereweareplanted?

4. WhatdoweneedtodotoslowdownourlivessothatwecanbesurprisedbywonderandfeelthepresenceofGod?

5. Whatistheconnectionbetweenourthoughtsandourdeedswhenitcomestolivingsimplyandembracingtheconceptsofsustainabilityandconservation?

CONCLUSION

Thispaperhasaskedyou,asapersonoffaithandsomeonewhoinfluencesothersintherecreationchoicestheymake,tostepbackandreflectonourrelationshipandresponsibilitytothenaturalworld.Inaddition,thepaperhasaskedyoutoansweranumberofchallengingquestionsbybeingwillingtodream,explore,anddiscoveranewwayofthinkingbasedinthemetaphorofcominghometoGod’sworld.Throughtheprocessofstrugglingwiththesedifficultquestions,itismyhopethatwehavereturnedtothebiggerquestionofwhyshouldwecareaboutthenaturalworldaroundus.Answeringthis“why”questiongivesusthefoundationtoanswermany“how”questionspresentedinthispaper.Inthiscase,answeringthequestionwhyshouldwecareaboutournaturalworldleadstounderstandingwhatbringsGodjoyandhowwecanstrivetopromoteshalom,theflourishingofALLthings.

AsWendellBerryremindsus“theworldcannotbediscoveredbyajourneyofmiles,nomatterhowlong,butonlybyaspiritualjourney,ajourneyofoneinch,veryarduous

andhumblingandjoyful,bywhichwearriveatthegroundofourfeetandlearntobeathome,”athome,inourFather’sworldbybuildingdeeperrelationshipswithourcreator,eachother,andthenaturalworld.Whenweseetheoutdooractivitiesweparticipateincontributetothisgoal,wehavegonealongwaytoansweringmanyofthe“how”questionspresentedhere.

ThisismyFather'sworld,thebirdstheircarolsraise,

Themorninglight,thelilywhite,declarestheirmaker'spraise.

Thisismyfather'sworld,Irestmeinthethought

Ofrocksandtrees,ofskiesandseasHishandthewonderswrought

ThisismyFather'sworld:heshinesinallthat'sfair;

IntherustlinggrassIhearhimpass;hespeakstomeeverywhere.

REFERENCES:

Bouma-Prediger,S.&Walsh,S.,(2008).Beyondhomelessness:Christianfaithinacultureofdisplacement.GrandRapids,MI:EerdmansPublishing.

Berry,W.(1991).Theunforeseenwilderness.Kentucky’sRedRiverGorge.NorthPointPrinters.

DeVries,S.;Verheij,R.;Groenewegen,H.;&Spreeuwenberg,P.(2003.Naturalenvironments-healthyenvironments?Anexploratoryanalysisoftherelationship


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betweengreenspaceandhealth.EnvironmentandPlanning,35(10):1717-1731.

Kaplan,S.(1995)Therestorativebenefitsofnature:Towardsaintegrativeframework.JournalofEnvironmentalPsychology15:169-182.

Leopold,A.(1949).Asandcountyalmanac.Oxford,UnitedKingdom:OxfordUniversityPress.

Louv,R.(2005).Lastchildinthewoods:Savingourchildrenfromnaturedeficitdisorder.ChapelHillNC:AlgonquinBooks.

MRPA,2013,Placemaking:Storiesthatilluminateourprofession’scommitmenttobuildingasenseofplaceinplacesalloverMichigan.

Miller,D.(n.d.).Storyline2.0:FindingyoursubplotinGod’sstory.PortlandOregon:Storyline.

Miller,D.(2009).Amillionmilesinathousandyears.Nashvillle:ThomasNelsonPress.

Muir,J.(1901).OurNationalParks.

Olson,S.(1998).Reflectionsofthenorthcountry.Minneapolis,MN:UniversityofMinnesotaPress

President’sCommissiononAmericans

Outdoors.(1987).Americansoutdoors:Thelegacy,thechallenge.IslandPress.


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TheRoleofLeisureintheChristianLife(Draft)

PaulHeintzman,UniversityofOttawa

I.Introduction:HistoricalandCurrentChristianUnderstandingsofLeisure

TheearlyChristiannotionofotiumsanctumorholyleisurewas“Asenseofbalanceinlife,anabilitytobeatpeacethroughtheactivitiesoftheday,anabilitytorestandtaketimetoenjoybeauty,anabilitytopaceourselves”(Foster,1978,pp.20-21).AsChristiantheologydeveloped,ChristianunderstandingsofleisurewereinfluencedbytheGreekconceptofscholē.Augustine(354-430CE)identifiedthreetypesoflife:theactive,thecontemplative,andthemixedlifeofactionandcontemplation(Neville,2004).HiscontemplativelifeofholyleisurethatinvolvedtheinvestigationoftruthwasnotonlyinfluencedbyGreekthoughtbutwasalsobasedonthetranquilityofactiverestinChrist(Heintzman,1986;Neville,2004).ThomasAquinas(1225-1274CE),whodevotedhislifetothereconciliationofAristotle’sthoughtandChristianfaith,locatedAristotle’snotionofleisureandcontemplationintheblessedvisionofGod.ThemedievalmonasticthemeofotiumwasofbiblicaloriginbutalsoinfluencedbytheGreeknotionofscholē.ThisthreadofscholēcontinuesinPieper(1963)whosephilosophyandtheologywereheavilyinfluencedbythewritingsofThomasAquinas.AlthoughPieperreceivesmuchattentionwithinleisurestudies,hisviewofleisureistypicalofmanyRomanCatholictheologiansandscholars(e.g.,Doohan,1990):

Leisure,itmustbeclearlyunderstood,isamentalandspiritualattitude….Itisinthe

firstplace,anattitudeofmind,aconditionofthesoul….Forleisureisareceptiveattitudeofmind,acontemplativeattitude,anditisnotonlytheoccasionbutalsothecapacityforsteepingoneselfinthewholeofcreation.(Pieper,pp.40-41)

AlthoughChristianversionsofclassicalleisuresuchasexpressedbyPieper(1963)continuetothisdayintheRomanCatholicChurch,withtheReformationandthedevelopmentofProtestanttheologytherewasamoveawayfromclassicalunderstandingsofleisuretoactivityunderstandings.AcontemporaryChristianexpressionoftheactivityviewwasarticulatedbyProtestantscholarRyken(1995):

Its[leisure’s]purposeistobringusbacktophysical,mental,andemotionalstrengthandwholeness…Thepurposeofleisureistore-createaperson,torestorehimorhertoanearliercondition.…Leisure…is“thegrowingtimeofthehumanspirit”andatime“forrestandrestoration,forrediscoveringlifeinitsentirety”...Leisureis,inthebestsenseoftheword,anescape…Relaxationisoneoftheinherentqualitiesofleisure.(pp.236,261)

Christianunderstandingsofleisurearenotrestrictedtoclassicalandactivityviews.Neville(2004)definedleisureastime:“Anythingthatmightbecalledatheologyofleisuremustbeaparticularaspectoftheologyoffreedom,becauseleisure,onanydefinition,istimefreedfromexternalconstraints,atworkorinsocialduties”(p.100).MorerecentlyanumberofChristianauthors(Dahl,2006;Heintzman,1986,1994;Joblin,2009)havearticulatedaholisticunderstandingofleisure.Forexample,Dahl(2006)wrote:

Workandleisurearenotdistinct;theylieonacontinuum….Leisureisbeingabletocombinework,worship,andrecreationinafreeandloving,holisticwaywhichintegrates


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thesethreeelementsasmuchaspossible.Althoughapersongoestodifferentplacestoperformdifferentfunctions,leisureliesinintegratingthesethreeaspectsinordertoexperiencewholenessinone’slife,family,andcommunity.(p.95)

FromthisbriefreviewofChristianunderstandingsofleisurewecanseethatthereisnooneChristianunderstandingofleisure;multipleChristianviewsofleisureexist.II.BiblicalPrinciples

Theword“leisure”(scholē)aroseinGreekculture,andthuslexicalwordsrelatedtoscholēarenotprominentinthebible.OneofthefewoccurrencesistheSeptuagint(i.e.,theancientGreektranslationoftheHebrewscriptures)translationofPsalm46:10wheretheHebrewwordistranslatedwiththeGreekwordscholēsothatinEnglishtheversereads“HaveleisureandknowthatIamGod.”Hermeneuticalresearchsuggeststhattheverseisconcernedwiththespiritualattitudeforaperson’sbasicpostureinrelationtoGod(Heintzman,2009),andthereforefitswithaspiritualunderstandingofleisure(e.g.,Pieper,1963).AlthoughlexicalwordsrelatedtoleisurearenotprominentintheChristiantradition,writershaveidentifiedanumberofbiblicalelementsthatmaybeusedtodevelopaChristianunderstandingofleisure:thecreationmodel(Lehman,1974),creativityintheOldTestament(Spence,1973),theprincipleofSabbathrest(Heintzman,2006;Johnston,1983;Ryken,1995),theimageofGodinplay(Holmes,1983),theadviceofQohelethinthebookofEcclesiastes(Johnston,1983),theHebraicwayoflife(Johnston,1983),thequalityoflifefoundinJesus(Dahl,1972),andtheKingdomofGod(Holmes,1983).Thispaperwillhighlightonlyafewofthesebiblicalprinciples.

a) Sabbath-keepingTheSabbathremindsusthatthereismore

tolifethanwork.Inthecreationaccount,theSabbathpointstoarhythmofworkandnonwork(Gen.1–2).ThesameSabbathrhythmissuggestedintheaccountofGod’sprovisionofmannainthedesert(Exod.16),intheMosaiclaw(Exod.34:21;Lev.23:1–3;Num.28:18),andinthewordsoftheprophets(Amos8:5;Isa.58:13–14).TheSabbathprinciplesuggeststhattherhythmofworkandnonwork,orleisure,isnecessaryforourwell-being.Jesusdemonstratedthisrhythminhislifeonearth.Duringhisministryheregularlytooktimealoneinthehillsorsolitaryplacestorestandpray(Mark1:35;6:31–32,45).

IntheExodusaccountoftheSabbathcommandment(20:8–11)weencounterthefirstreasonGodgivesforobservingtheSabbath:weshouldrestfromourworkjustasGoddidaftercallingcreationintobeing.TheSabbathwasgivennotprimarilyforrestorativepurposesbutwastimetorecognizethatlifeisagiftfromGodandwearetorespondwithourworshipandthanksgiving.Exodus20:11suggeststhatobservingadayofrestforcefullyremindsusthatweliveinaworldthatcontainsallweneedaswellasmanyotherthingstoenjoy.SotheSabbathisaninvitationtoexperiencetheblessingsofGod’sgoodgiftofcreationanddelightinthem.Leisure,liketheSabbath,ismorethanatimeperiodoranactivity;itisanattitude.

Deuteronomy’sversionoftheSabbathcommandmentprovidesanotherreasonwhywearetostopworking:“sothatyourmaleandfemaleservantsmayrest,asyoudo”(5:14).TheSabbath,therefore,isforhumanrest,restoration,andre-creation.Itisa“dayofsacredassembly”(Lev.23:3)—adaysetasidetoworshiptheOnewhocreatedandsustainsus.JesusalsotaughtthattheSabbathwasatime


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forbringinghealingandwholeness(Matt.12:1–14;Mark2:23–27;3:1–5;Luke6:1–4;13:10–17;14:1–6;John9:1–41).

AthirdmotivationforobservingtheSabbath,ahumanitarianonethatwehavealreadynotedinDeuteronomy5:14–15,ismoreclearlystatedintheBookoftheCovenant:“Sixdaysdoyourwork,butontheseventhdaydonotwork,sothatyouroxandyourdonkeymayrestandtheslaveborninyourhousehold,andtheforeigneramongyouaswell,mayberefreshed”(Exod.23:12).Inthisversetheonlypurposegivenforthedayofrestisthatthedependentlaborersanddomesticanimalsexperiencerestandrecuperation.TheSabbathwasespeciallyforthebenefitofthosewhoareseverelyburdenedwithworkandareundertheordersofothers.OurleisureactivityneedstoberespectfulofotherpeopleaswellasofGod’screaturesandcreation,andweshouldbecarefulnottointentionallyorunintentionallyexploitthemduringourleisureactivity.

AfourthmotivationforobservanceoftheSabbathisthatitisasignofthecovenant:“TheIsraelitesaretoobservetheSabbath,celebratingitforthegenerationstocomeasalastingcovenant.ItwillbeasignbetweenmeandtheIsraelitesforever”(Exod.31:16,17a).ThustheSabbathwastobeobservednotonlywithinthecontextofarelationshipwithGod,butitwasasignoftherelationship.Appliedtoleisure,whilesomebenefitsmayaccruefromobservanceofoneday’srestinseven,leisureliketheSabbathmayfinditstruemeaningandreachitsfullestpotentialwhenonelivesinrelationshipwithGod.Takentogether,theExodusandDeuteronomyaccountsoftheSabbathsuggestthatourleisureshouldbeforbothenjoyingGodandGod’screation,andforpersonalrenewal.

b) RestLiketheprincipleofSabbath,thebiblicalconceptofrestremindsusthatthereismoretolifethanwork.Biblicalrestincludesarangeofphysicalandspiritualdimensions:apleasant,secure,andblessedlifeintheland(Deut.12:9–10);anenteringintoGod’srest(Ps.91:1);arestofcompletionsuchasGodenjoyedaftercreation(Gen.2:2);aSabbathrestofpeace,joy,andwell-being(Heb.4:9–11);andarelieffromlaborsandburdens,aswellasapeaceandcontentmentofbody,soul,andmindinJesus(Matt.11:28–30).

WhilewemaynotfullyexperienceallthesephysicalandspiritualdimensionsofrestuntilGod’skingdomhasfullycome,wecanbegintoexperiencethemnow.TheseelementsofrestarepartofthegoodlifeonGod’sgoodearth,andtheyprovideinsightsintohowweunderstandleisure.TheDeuteronomicnotionofrestinthelandisofparticularimportanceforourunderstandingofleisureasactivity,orwhatcanbecalledintensifiedleisure.AsPreece(1981)noted,“Wedon’trestinadoctrine,weneedaplacetoputourfeetup,butaplaceinwhichGodispersonallypresent”(p.79).God’screationprovidesthecontextforourrestandleisure.God’screationcontainsmanygoodgiftsforustoenjoy.Thebiblicalthemesoffestivals,feasts,dance,hospitalityandfriendshipsareallexamplesofleisureactivitiesthatprovideanopportunitytoenjoyGod’sgoodcreation.Theseleisureactivitiesmaybeseenasanintensificationofleisurethatnourishesourspiritualattitudeofleisureandaleisurelyapproachtolife.

Inadditiontoaphysicaldimension,thebiblicalconceptofrestalsohasaspiritualdimension,whichsuggeststousthatleisureismorethanrecreation,morethanleisureasactivity.Italsoinvolvesanattitudeoraconditionofourbeing.Leisure,intheclassical


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sense,referstoanattitudeorastateofbeingcharacterizedbypeace,contentment,joy,andcelebration.

c) WorkandLeisureBalanceThebookofEcclesiastescritiquesthose

whodistortGod’sintendedrhythmofworkandleisurebypursuingeitheracompulsiveworkethicorahedonisticleisureethicbasedonconsuminggoods.Thebookpointstoanalternativefortruedisciples:enjoyingthegoodlifeonthegoodearthGodhasgivenus.ThroughoutEcclesiastes(2:17–26;5:9–16;6:7–9;esp.4:4–16)theauthoremphasizesthefollyofcompulsiveworkandrefutesthreeargumentsoftenputforwardinitssupport:theneedtoachieve(4:4);thedesireforwealth(4:8);andthedesiretogainfame(4:13–16).Theconclusionisunavoidable—overworkisfoolish,andmoderationissensible.

InEcclesiastes,thewriteraddressesthosewhoholdahedonistic,consumptiveleisureethic.Alifeofunreservedpleasure-seekingandacquisitionofpossessionsis“meaningless,achasingafterthewind”(2:1–11).Evidently,leisureactivitythatisfocusedonpleasure-seeking,onconsumptionandacquisition,orthatbecomesone’sall-consumingendisultimatelynotfulfilling.

Therecommendedlifestyle,incontrasttoacompulsiveworkethicandahedonisticleisureethic,comesattheendofEcclesiastes2.Herewelearnthatlifeistobeenjoyed:“Peoplecandonothingbetterthantoeatanddrinkandfindsatisfactionintheirtoil”(v.24).Commentatorssuggestthatthisphrasestandsforacontentedandhappylifecharacterizedbyjoy,companionship,andsatisfaction.ThewriterofEcclesiastesfurtherelaboratesonthethemeofenjoyingthelifeGodhasgivenus(2:24–26;3:12–13,22;5:18–19;9:7–9;11:9–12:1).Godhasgivenhumanstheopportunityandthe

encouragementtoenjoythegoodlifeonGod’sgoodearth.

ThisadviceinEcclesiastestoenjoylifereflectstheGenesisaccount,inwhichGodrepeatedlypronouncesthecreation“good.”ItalsoreflectstherejoicingincreationsuggestedbytheExodusaccountoftheSabbathcommandment,andtheorthodoxIsraeliteviewoftheearthlyrealm,inwhichGodbrings“forthfoodfromearth:winethatgladdensthehumanhearts,oiltomaketheirfacesshine,andbreadthatsustainstheirhearts”(Ps.104:14b–15).

Thusweshouldchooseformsofleisureactivitythatallowustosee,hear,andexperiencethemajestyofGod’screation.Suchleisureactivitiesareconsistentwiththeancienttraditionofmeditatingoncreation—aformofcontemplationthatthemysticscalledthe“discoveryofGodinhiscreatures”(seePs.8;19)andthathelptodevelopthequalitativespiritualdimensionofleisurethatpermeatesalloflife.III.Conclusion

Inconclusion,thesebiblicalpassagesteachusthatleisureispartofGod’slifestyleforus:forrest;forrenewal;andforlearningabout,appreciating,andenjoyingGodandGod’sgiftofcreation.Thisunderstandingofleisureinvolvesaspiritualattitude,timefreefromwork,andleisureactivities.III.Questions

1. CanbiblicalprinciplessuchasSabbathandrestbeequatedwithleisureorisitbettertousethebiblicaltermswithoutreferencetoleisure?

2. Sinceleisure(scholē)wasoriginallyaGreekconcept,canwespeakofaChristianunderstandingofleisure?


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3. Whenconsideringthedifferentconceptsofleisure(classical,activity,time,stateofmind,holisticetc.)dothebiblicalprinciplessupportoneconceptmorethananother?

ReferencesDahl,G.(1972).Work,playandworshipina

leisure-orientedsociety.Minneapolis,MN:Augsburg.

Dahl,G.(2006).Whateverhappenedtotheleisurerevolution?InP.Heintzman,G.A.VanAndel,&T.L.Visker(Eds.),Christianityandleisure:Issuesinapluralisticsociety(Rev.ed.,pp.85-97).SiouxCenter,IA:DordtCollegePress.

Doohan,L.(1990).Leisure:Aspiritualneed.NotreDame,IN:AveMariaPress.

Foster,R.J.(1978).Celebrationofdiscipline:Thepathtospiritualgrowth.SanFrancisco:Harper&Row.Heintzman,P.(1986).AChristianperspectiveonthephilosophyofleisure.Unpublishedmaster’sthesis,RegentCollege,Vancouver,BritishColumbia,Canada.Heintzman,P.(1994).HolisticLeisure:AParadigmforLeisureinChristianPerspective.ApaperpresentedattheHPERDConferenceonChristianity,Sport,LeisureandWellness,GrandRapids,MI.Heintzman,P.(2006).ImplicationsforleisurefromareviewofthebiblicalconceptsofSabbathandrest.InP.Heintzman,G.A.VanAndel,&T.L.Visker(Eds.),Christianityandleisure:Issuesinapluralisticsociety(Rev.ed.,pp.14-31).SiouxCenter,IA:DordtCollegePress.

Heintzman,P.(2009).“HaveleisureandknowthatIamGod”:Hermeneuticalconsiderations.InB.D.Kivel&H.Gibson(Comps.),LeisureResearchSymposium(pp.130-134).Ashburn,VA:NationalRecreationandParkAssociation.

Holmes,A.(1983).Contoursofaworldview.GrandRapids,MI:Eerdmans.Joblin,D.(2009).Leisureandspirituality:Anengagedandresponsiblepursuitoffreedominwork,play,andworship.Leisure/Loisir,33(1),95–120.Johnston,R.K.(1983).TheChristianatplay.GrandRapids,MI:Eerdmans.Lehman,H.(1974).Inpraiseofleisure.Kitchener,ON:HeraldPress.Neville,G.(2004).Freetime:Towardatheologyofleisure.Birmingham,UK:UniversityofBirminghamPress.Pieper,J.(1963).Leisure:Thebasisofculture.NewYork:TheNewAmericanLibrary.Preece,G.(1981).Re-CreationandRecreationintheEighties.InJohnDiesendorf(ed.),FaithActiveinLove,Proceedingsofthe1980ConferenceoftheAFESFellowship.Sydney,Australia:AFESGraduateFellowship,1981.Ryken,L.(1995).Redeemingthetime:AChristianapproachtoworkandleisure.GrandRapids,MI:BakerBooks.Spence,D.(1973).Towardsatheologyofleisurewithaspecialreferencetocreativity.Ottawa,ON:CanadianParks/RecreationAssociation.


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KeynoteSpeakerBiographies

DR.PHILLIPTHORNE,agraduateofDenverSeminaryandCambridgeUniversity,hasbeenSeniorPastorofWestShoreEvangelicalFreeChurchinMechanicsburg,Pennsylvaniaformorethantwentyyears.HealsoteachesatBiblicalSeminary,LBCGraduateSchoolandMessiahCollege.Buthehaslearnedthemostaboutlifeandlovefromhiswifeofthirty-plusyears,theirchildren,andgrandchildren.

AfterreceivingaPh.D.fromCambridgeUniversity,andpublishinghisfirstbookonthehistoryofevangelicaltheology,PhilThornebecamethepastorofachurchinSouth-centralPennsylvania,wherehehasbeenforthepasttwodecades,teaching,counseling,visiting,worshipingandotherwisesharinglifetogetherwiththiscommunityoffaith.Untilrecently,thatis.Withthepublicationofhissecondbook,ThursdayswithNaomi,Philandhiswifehavesetoffinanewdirection.Theyhaveleftthedailyresponsibilitiesofpastoralministrybehindtoembarkonajourneyofreflection,writingandhopefully,enjoyingandsharingGod'sbeautiful,life-givingpresence.Oh,andspendingtimewiththeirgrandchildren!

DR.GLENVANANDEL,agraduateofCalvinCollege,theUniversityofNorthCarolina,andIndianaUniversity,taughtatCalvinCollegefor29yearsbeforebeingawardedprofessoremeritusstatusin2009.

Inthefallof1988Glenhadavisionforanannualsymposiumthatwouldbringtogetherscholarsfromavarietyofdisciplineswhocouldcontributetoabiblicalunderstandingofsportandrecreation.ThatsymposiumwasthefirstmeetingofwhatweknowtodayastheChristianSocietyforKinesiologyandLeisureStudies.TheexpectationofqualityscholarshipwaspairedwiththenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentofaChristiancommunity.Asaresult,theCSKLSconferencesareaplacetoshareideaswithinthedisciplines,buttoalsosharepersonaljoysandconcernswithbrothersandsistersinChrist.

UnderGlen’sguidance,in2004aleadershipcommitteewasformed,by-lawsweredrawnup,aboardofdirectorswasformed,andatax-exemptstatusasanot-for-profitorganizationknownastheChristianSocietyforKinesiologyandLeisureStudieswasformalized.Glenwasselectedtoserveasthefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedorganization.

25yearsafterthefirstsymposiumand10yearsafterformalizingtheorganization,CSKLShasbecomeanorganizationpassionatelycommitmenttoservingGodandothersinthedisciplinesofkinesiologyandleisureandequallycommittedtosharinginthelivesofourbrothersandsistersinChrist.


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CSKLSBoardofDirectors

TomVisker,P.E.D.President(2013-2015)DirectorofAthleticsBethelCollege●Mishawaka,[email protected]

MatthewRuiz,Ph.D.President-Elect(2013-2015)Chair,DeptofKinesiology&SportLeadershipHuntingtonUniversity●Huntington,[email protected]

GlenVanAndel,Re.D.Secretary/Treasurer(2013-2014)ProfessorofRecreationEmeritusCalvinCollege●GrandRapids,[email protected]

SueWalsh,Ph.D.MemberatLarge(2011-2014)AssociateProfessor,HumanPerformanceConcordiaUniversity●Chicago,[email protected]

AlyWilliams,Ph.D.,LAT,ATC,CSCSMemberatlarge(2013-2014)AssociateProfessorIndianaWesleyanUniversity●Marion,[email protected]

Steven(Steve)Waller,Ph.D.,D.Min.Memberatlarge(2012-2015)AssociateProfessor,Recreation&SportManagementUniversityofTennessee●Knoxville,[email protected]

DaleConnally,Ph.D.Memberatlarge(2012-2015)AssistantChair,Health,HumanPerformance,andRecreationDepartmentBaylorUniversity●Waco,[email protected]

WayneJacobs,Ph.D.Memberatlarge(2013-2016)Dean,SchoolofEducationLeTourneauUniversity●Longview,[email protected]

AprilCrommett,Ph.D.Memberatlarge(2014-2017)ProgramDirector,KinesiologyandAlliedHealthCedarvilleUniversity●Cedarville,[email protected]

MeliciaWhitt-Glover,Ph.D.Memberatlarge(2014-2017)President&CEOGramercyResearchGroup●Greensboro,[email protected]


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CSKLSPastConferences

1989-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI1990-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI1991-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI

1992-NorthwestNazareneCollege,Nampa,ID*1993-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI1994-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI1995-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI

1996-MessiahCollege,Mechanicsburg,PA1997-MessiahCollege,Mechanicsburg,PA

1998-DordtCollege,SiouxCenter,IA1999-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI

2000-WestmontCollege,SantaBarbara,CA2001-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI2002-WheatonCollege,Wheaton,IL

2003-RedeemerCollege,Ontario,Canada2004-BaylorUniversity,Waco,TX**

2005-AzusaPacificUniversity,Azusa,CA2006-GordonCollege,Wenham,MA

2007-TrinityInternationalUniversity,Chicago,IL2008-SeattlePacificUniversity,Seattle,WA

2009-UniversityofOttawa,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada2010-CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI

2011–CollegeoftheOzarks,Branson,MO2012–IndianaWesleyanUniversity,Marion,IN

2013–BaylorUniversity,Waco,TX2014–MessiahCollege,Mechanicsburg,PA2015–CalvinCollege,GrandRapids,MI

*CCCUsponsoredconferenceexpandedfromjustleisure

studiestoallHPERDSdisciplines

**ChristianityandtheSouloftheUniversityConference;CSKLSorganizesintoformalprofessional

society

CSKLSPast-Presidents

GlenVanAndel,CalvinCollege(2004-2005)GlenVanAndel,CalvinCollege(2005-2006)BudWilliams,WheatonCollege(2006-2007)JulieWalton,CalvinCollege(2007-2008)

DaleConnally,BaylorUniversity(2008-2009)DickieHill,AbileneChristianUniversity(2009-2010)TimVoss,TrinityInternationalUniversity(2010-2011)

PeterWalters,WheatonCollege(2011-2012)ValerieGin,GordonCollege(2012-2013)

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