TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM FOR CARDIAC

PATIENTSParth Chauhan (201303100710004)Jay Kansara (201303100710043)Sharad Karwa (201303100710055)Karan Joshi (201303100720013)

CGPIT/EC/02

Guided By:Prof.Nilay DesaiProf.Chintan Desai

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OUTLINE• MOTIVATION

• OBJECTIVE

• INTRODUCTION

• TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM

• BLOCK DIAGRAM

• CIRCUIT DESIGN

• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

• APPLICATION

• WORK DISTRIBUTION

• WORK DONE

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

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MOTIVATION

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OBJECTIVE• To create a personalized device that is capable to receive

bio-medical signal from the body and is capable to transmit it to the mobile phone.

• To create an android application which can receive the bio-medical signal transmitted by the device.

• To analyze the ECG signal in the mobile and recognize the various cardiac diseases from the ECG developed in the mobile application.

• To monitor the heart rate and alert the doctors or relative when the person is in critical condition.

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INTRODUCTION • The aim of this project is to create a personalized heart

monitoring system using smart phones and electrodes and mobile application which is capable of monitoring the health of high risk cardiac patients.

• The smart phone application analyses in real-time sensor and environmental data and can automatically alert the doctors and pre-assigned caregivers when a heart patient is in danger.

• The project aims to have a better system that is always with patient to monitor clearly and make the record of abnormalities obtained.

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HEART • It is a specialized muscle that contracts regularly and

continuously, pumping blood to the body and the lungs, caused by a flow of electricity through the heart that repeats itself in a cycle.

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CARDIAC DISEASE• Cardiac disease (CD) is the heart conditions that

include diseased vessels, structural problems and blood clots.

• Cardiac disease (CD) includes all the diseases of the heart and circulation including coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, congenital heart disease and stroke.

• Also called as Heart Disease.

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TYPES & CAUSES OF CVD

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ECG • It is the process of recording the electrical activity of

the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.

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GENERATION OF ECG SIGNAL

SA node

AV node

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GENERATION OF ECG SIGNAL

• The SA node fires. Electrical activity is propagated through the atrial muscle , causing slow–moving de-polarization (contraction) of the atria. This results in the P wave in the ECG.

• The excitation wave faces a propagation delay at the AV node, which results in a normally iso-electric segment after the P wave in ECG, known as the PQ segment.

• The wave of stimulus spread from the apex of the heart upwards, causing rapid depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles. This results in the QRS wave of the ECG signal.

• Ventricles muscle cells possess a relatively long action potential which causes normally iso-electric segment after the QRS, known as the ST segment.

• Re-polarization (relaxation) of the ventricles causes the slow T wave.

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ECG ANALYSIS • ECG analysis parameters are mainly depend upon the

amplitude or duration of the different parts of ECG wave.

Amplitude:P-wave — 0.25 mVR-wave — 1.60 mVT-wave — 0.1 to 0.5mVQ-wave — 25% R wave

PR segment QRS complex ST segment QT segment

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ECG ANALYSIS

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ECG ANALYSIS • QRS complex indicates problems in the ventricles or

ventricular conduction.

• Sinus Bradycardia: Lacking heart rate above 60bpm.

• Sinus Tachycardia: Excessive heart rate above 60bpm.

• Atrial Flutter: Multiple atrial contraction for every ventricular contraction(Multiples P waves for every QRS-T complex).

• Ventricular Flutter: Pumping of blood becomes extremely inefficient(No visible P wave and QRS &T wave merged inn regular waves).

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TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM• Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and

information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance.

• It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities.

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TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM CONCEPT

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FEATURESImportant features of this system are the following:

• The capability to receive bio-medical signal from the body and transmit it to the smartphone.

• The analysis of the sensor data on the local device.

• The possibility to call for external help and locate the patient in case of an emergency.

• High level of personalization.

• Keeps a record of the data for further analysis by the healthcare centre.

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BLOCK DIAGRAMECG

Sensors IA

ECG Filterin

g

Reception

TransmissionADC

QRSDetector

Heart-RateCalculation

AbnormalitiesDetection

Display/Alarm

Hardware Circuit

Software Application

Te lemed ic ine Sys tem

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CIRCUIT DESIGN• The interface between the body as the signal source

and the monitoring system that collects signals from the body, is called an electrode.

• Because the main role of an ECG electrode is to change the voltage from its ionic form in the body to its electron form in the wires.

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CIRCUIT DESIGN• Cardiac signals from the heart are extremely weak (in

the range of 0.025-4mV with frequencies between 0.05 and 100 Hz) and are often very noisy, since it is hard to get a good contact between an electrode and the skin.

• For that reason, an ECG amplifier circuit is needed to amplify the signal and filters to reduce the present noise.Electrodes I

AADCFilter

s

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CIRCUIT DESIGN• There are two methods of transmission of a digital

data to a mobile: Wired and Wireless.

• Wireless transmission has less immunity to noise compared to that of Wired transmission.

• Wired transmission provides more security to signal compared to Wireless transmission.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM• IA receives the ECG detected by electrodes and uses a resistor to set its gain to a

appropriate value.

• The amplified signal goes through RC-HPF to block unwanted high amplitude dc

component of the signal.

• The signal is buffered then passed by a notch filter to remove mains interference noise.

• To limit signals bandwidth and avoid errors due to aliasing, signal is processed by 2nd

order active lpf.

• This active LPF further is assembled around one more (B) of LM234’s four Op Amps.

As long as the microcontroller’s analog-to-digital converter (ADC) input signal spans

from zero to 3.3 V, a final analog signal processing task consisting in shifting the signal

so that it fits suitably to the ADC`s input voltage range is needed. This is carried out by

the third (C) Op Amp from LM324, which is arranged as a summing circuit. The

appropriate offset voltage level is adjusted using the 500 kΩ trimpot.

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APPLICATION

WORK DISTRIBUTION25

Telemedicine System

Semester 7

Introduction Heart

ECG Signal

ECG Analysis

Circuit Implementatio

n

Signal Detection

Signal Processing

Semester 8

Circuit Implementatio

n Signal

Transmission

SmartphoneApplication

Signal Reception

Signal Analysis

Signal Display

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Telemedicine System

Semester 7

Introduction Heart

ECG Signal

ECG Analysis

Circuit Implementatio

n

Signal Detection

Signal Processing

Semester 8

Circuit Implementati

on Signal

Transmission

SmartphoneApplication

Signal Reception

Signal Analysis

Signal Display

WORK DONE

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CONCLUSIONFor an anywhere and anytime monitoring system, we have considered mobile phones as the core of this kind of monitoring system along with the detector that detects the pulse from the body to generate the ECG, which allow us to improve the quality of life for those who suffer from cardiac disorders.

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REFERENCES1) Ramesh Gamasu, “ Literature based Survey on ECG Based Integrated Mobile Tele-

medicine System for Emergency Health Disorders” International Journal of Energy, Information and Communications ,Vol.5, Issue 2 (2014).

2) Peter Leijdekkers & Valérie Gay, " Personal Heart Monitoring and Rehabilitation System using Smart Phones ", Mobile Business, 2006. ICMB '06. International Conference on 26-27 June 2006

3) Patrique Fiedler, Jens Haueisen, Dunja Jannek, Stefan Griebel, Lena Zentner, Filipe Vaz and Carlos Fonseca , “Comparison of three types of dry electrodes for electroencephalography” , ACTA IMEKO, September 2014, Volume 3.

4) Article “How the Heart functions”(2016,August 31) retrieved from http://www.sads.org.uk/heart-functions.

5) Article “how the human body generates electricity” (2016,August 31) retrieved from http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/07/how-the-human-body-generates-electricity

6) Article “How is ECG generated”(2016,August 31) retrieved from http://iitr.vlab.co.in/?sub=49&brch=267&sim=1305&cnt=1

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