teddy roosevelt’s square deal
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Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal. “In life, as in a football game, the principle…is: Hit the line hard.” –Roosevelt. Chapter 9, Section 3. Theodore Roosevelt. Teddy Roosevelt. Became President when McKinley assassinated - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Chapter 9, Section 3
“In life, as in a football game, the principle…is: Hit the line hard.” –Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt
Became President when McKinley assassinated
Helped create the modern presidency with his bold and aggressive programs.
Square DealSquare Deal – progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt
Trust Busting
4/5 of Industry were controlled by trusts in 1900.
Ordered the Justice Department to file 44 anti-trust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Was successful in breaking up some trusts.
Pg 319
Coal Strike of 1902
140,000 coal miners in PN went on strike, demanding 20% raise and 9 hour workday.
Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines when coal reserves ran low.
A compromise was reached. PrecedentPrecedent: government was expected to
intervene when a strike threatened public welfare.
Railroad Regulation
Roosevelt wanted federal regulation. Elkins Act, 1903Elkins Act, 1903
Made it illegal for railroads to give rebates for using particular railroads.
Illegal to change set rates without notifying public.
Hepburn Act, 1906Hepburn Act, 1906 Limited the distribution of free railroad passes ICC could set max. railroad rates.
Regulating Foods and Drugs
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Exposed the horrors of the meatpacking
industry. Roosevelt appointed a commission that
echoed Sinclair’s claims. Meat Inspection Act, 1906Meat Inspection Act, 1906
Dictated cleanliness requirements for meatpackers
Program for federal meat inspecting
Regulating Foods and Drugs
Manufacturers claimed products were miracle cures.
Pure Food and Drug Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, 19061906 Halted sale of
contaminated foods and medicines
Truth in labeling policy
Conservation and Natural Resources
Natural Resources were being used irresponsibly and pollution was rampant. Set aside areas for government study 50 wildlife sanctuaries 7 national parks
National Reclamation Act, 1902National Reclamation Act, 1902 Money from selling public land funded
irrigation projects.
Civil Rights
Roosevelt did very little to support civil rights for African Americans.
Progressivism Under Taft
Chapter 9, Section 4
William Taft
Taft becomes President
Taft and the Republicans easily win in 1908.
Taft does not use presidency as “bully pulpit” like Roosevelt.
Taft Stumbles Tariffs and Conservation
The Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Taft campaigned to lower tariffs House – Payne Bill – lowering tariffs Senate – Aldrich Bill – increased tariffs Taft signed Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff
Compromise moderated high rates. Progressives in the party felt betrayed.
Disputing Public Lands
Richard Ballinger, Secretary of the Interior Removed 1 million acres of land from the
reserve list. Taft fires Gifford Pinochet
(Head of US Forest Service) for speaking out against Ballinger.
Republican Party Splits
Progressives did not trust Taft. Blamed cost-of-living on the Payne-Aldrich Bill Didn’t believe Taft would support conservation
Conservatives stuck with Taft Saw him as a moderate who would not make
too many drastic changes.
Bull Moose Party
Roosevelt entered Presidential race under a Progressive Third Party called “Bull Moose Party”“Bull Moose Party” Direct election of senators Women’s Suffrage Workmen’s compensation Eight-hour workday Minimum wage for women Outlawing child labor Federal regulation of business
Election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson (D) – “New Freedom” William Taft (R) – “Conservatism” Theodore Roosevelt (P) – “Progressivism” Eugene Debs (S) – “Socialism”
Fighting in the Republican Party
Taft – “Roosevelt dangerous egotist”
Roosevelt – “Taft fathead with brain of a guinea pig.”
Wilson’s New Freedom
Chapter 9, Section 5
Woodrow Wilson
Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914
Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890
Prohibited corporations from acquiring stock of another if it created a monopoly MonopolyMonopoly – when there is only one business
that offers a service (no competition) Labor Unions had the right to exist
Strikes, picketing, boycotts became legal
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Federal Trade Commission Act, 1914 Set up the FTC Watchdog agency
Power to investigate violations Required reports from corporations
New Tax System
Underwood Tariff, 1913 Reduced tariff rates
16th Amendment Federal Income Tax to replace income from
reduced tariffs Federal Reserve Act, 1913
Set up Federal Reserve System Regional central banks in 12 districts of the
country.
Pg 334
Women’s Suffrage
Women win the right to vote after years of campaigning across the country.
19th Amendment Nationalizes Women’s right to vote.
Wilson on Civil Rights
Retreats from Civil Rights Puts White Southerners in his cabinet Re-segregates federal buildings in
Washington, DC
Pg 336