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Overview

Replacement of labor bymachines.

Improves quality, fasterproduction, increasedproduct flexibility andeliminates wastage.

All the aspects ofmanufacturing arecarried on by computers.

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Technology and its scope

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Technology is a generic term that should be appliedto nearly any device or invention humans use toincrease their abilities to learn work and play.

Manufacturing.

Insurance.

Banks.

Educational institutions.Wholesale and retail distribution.

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Managing Technological change

Separate technologydepartment.

Participation of all theemployee is must.

Companies should notadopt slowly.

Have a master plan forautomation.

Allow time forlearning,install,debug,program.

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AdvantagesIncreased output and enhanced productivity.

Improved and uniform quality.

Reduced cost.

Fewer accidents.

Better production control.

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DisadvantagesHeavy capital investments.Displacement of labor.

Benefit of employee suggestion lost.

Cost of supply failure increases.

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Types of automatic machinesMachine attachments

Numerical controlled machines.

Robots

Automated quality control inspection.

Automatic identification system.

Automated process control.

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Machine attachmentsThese are usually inexpensive add-ons to machines thatreduce the amount of human effort and time required to

perform an operation.

Example:

Magazine feed attachments, quick cutting and graspingdevices for lathe, strip feeders for stamping machines.

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Numerically controlled machines

These machines are pre-programed throughmicrocomputers to perform a cycle of operations

repeatedly. The machine have a control system that readsthe instructions and then translates them into machineoperations

Example:

Lathes, boaring mills ,tire building machines

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Robots

Robots are human likemachines that performproduction tasks. It isprogrammable machine

where a sequence ofmoves can be preset torepeated time after timethen reset again toperform another set of

moves.Example:transport and store,inspect for quality grasp

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Automated quality control

inspection

Quality control inspection systems are machines

that have integrated into the inspection of productsfor quality control purposes. They can be Used totake physical dimensions of parts, compare themeasures to standards and determine whether theparts meet quality specifications.

Example: Electronic circuit checks, weighting robots

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Automated identification systems

These comprise bar codes, radio frequencies,magneticstripes, which help sense and feed data intocomputers. data are read from products ,documents

,parts and containers without the need of workers toread or interpret the data.

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Automated process controlsThese process use sensors to obtain measures of theperformance of industrial process they compare thesemeasures to standards within stored computer

software programmers and when the performancevaries significantly from standards they send signalsthat change the settings of the process

Example: control systems for rolling mills in the

manufacturing ,calendars in plastic film processing

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Factories of the futureThere will be stress on high

product qualityGreater emphasis on

flexibilityCustomers orders will be

executed and delivered fastThere will be changed

production economics.Cad/cam will be the basis

for product design and

process planning.Organization will undergostructural changes with linestaff becoming staffpersonal .

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