Technology integration in Technology integration in education in Tanzaniaeducation in Tanzania

Ayoub C KafyuliloAyoub C Kafyulilo

A workshop on technology A workshop on technology integration in science teaching for integration in science teaching for

Chang’ombe and Jitegemee Chang’ombe and Jitegemee secondary schoolssecondary schools

January 2012January 2012

Topics to be coveredTopics to be covered

Playing with technology

Technology enhanced

learning

Where to beginThe concept of

TPACKExemplary Lessons

Playing with technologyPlaying with technology Ipad Camera Wikipedia GPS Online

games Corse

Management System (CMS)

•Weblogs Weblogs •Television Television •ComputerComputer•e-portfoliose-portfolios

• WikiWiki– The usefulness of sharing ideas on a The usefulness of sharing ideas on a

wiki increases if the tutor contributes, increases if the tutor contributes, but avoids taking charge. but avoids taking charge.

• WeblogsWeblogs– Integrating comments from the blog Integrating comments from the blog

into tutorial discussions extracts full into tutorial discussions extracts full value from the activity. value from the activity. How to make a blog? Hands on activity!Hands on activity!

• Digital audioDigital audio– Providing feedback in different media Providing feedback in different media

reinforces the message and gives reinforces the message and gives students a more personal learning students a more personal learning experience.experience.

• VLE/CMSVLE/CMS– e-Learning content can be delivered e-Learning content can be delivered

through through moodle, , blackboard, , facebook etc etc – Skilful combinations of online resources Skilful combinations of online resources

and face-to-face activities can promote and face-to-face activities can promote independent, self-directed learning.independent, self-directed learning.

• Ipad touchIpad touch– Multimedia resources accessible on mobile Multimedia resources accessible on mobile

devices support situated learning and devices support situated learning and provide opportunities for reinforcement.provide opportunities for reinforcement.

• Digital videoDigital video– Problem-based learning scenarios based Problem-based learning scenarios based

around virtual resources enable students around virtual resources enable students to learn from their mistakes in safety.to learn from their mistakes in safety.

• E-portfolioE-portfolio– Opportunities for self-evaluation Opportunities for self-evaluation

need to be introduced early to help need to be introduced early to help learners grasp the importance of learners grasp the importance of reflective, e-portfolio-based learning.reflective, e-portfolio-based learning.

• Power point presentationPower point presentation– A simple orientation to PowerPoint A simple orientation to PowerPoint

presentationpresentation

Technology integration in Technology integration in science teachingscience teaching

• Technology-enhanced learning is Technology-enhanced learning is gaining favour since it emphasises how gaining favour since it emphasises how technology adds value to learningtechnology adds value to learning

• Technology-enhanced learning enables: Technology-enhanced learning enables: – Connectivity to information and to Connectivity to information and to

othersothers– Greater choice over the time, place Greater choice over the time, place

and pace of studyand pace of study– Alternative modes of study: distance, Alternative modes of study: distance,

blended, work-based, partially or blended, work-based, partially or wholly campus-basedwholly campus-based

Technology integration in Technology integration in science teachingscience teaching

– Opportunities for reflection and Opportunities for reflection and planning in personal learning planning in personal learning Rapid feedback on formative Rapid feedback on formative assessmentsassessments

– More active learning by means of More active learning by means of interactive technologies and interactive technologies and multimedia resourcesmultimedia resources

– Participation in communities of Participation in communities of knowledge, inquiry and learningknowledge, inquiry and learning

– Learning by discovery in virtual Learning by discovery in virtual worldsworlds

Technology integration in Technology integration in science teachingscience teaching

• Effective teaching depends on Effective teaching depends on flexible access to reach, well-flexible access to reach, well-organized and integrated knowledge organized and integrated knowledge from different domains, including from different domains, including – knowledge of student thinking and knowledge of student thinking and

learning (Pedagogy), learning (Pedagogy), – knowledge of subject matter knowledge of subject matter

(Content), and increasingly, (Content), and increasingly, – Knowledge of technologyKnowledge of technology

Technology integration in Technology integration in science teachingscience teaching

– Teachers often have inadequate Teachers often have inadequate experience with using technology for experience with using technology for teaching and learningteaching and learning

– Teachers earned degrees at a time when Teachers earned degrees at a time when educational technology was at a very educational technology was at a very infant stage of developmentinfant stage of development

– They do not consider themselves They do not consider themselves sufficiently prepared to use technology in sufficiently prepared to use technology in the classroomthe classroom

– They do not appreciate its value or They do not appreciate its value or relevance to teaching and learning relevance to teaching and learning

Where to begin?Where to begin?• How can teachers integrate technology How can teachers integrate technology

into their teaching?into their teaching?• There is no “one best way” to integrate There is no “one best way” to integrate

technology into curriculumtechnology into curriculum• Integration efforts should be designed for Integration efforts should be designed for

particular subject matter ideas in specific particular subject matter ideas in specific classroom classroom

• At the heart of good teaching with At the heart of good teaching with technology there are three core technology there are three core components: content, pedagogy, and components: content, pedagogy, and technology, plus the relationships among technology, plus the relationships among and between themand between them

The Technological Pedagogical The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge frameworkContent Knowledge framework

TPACKTPACK• Technological (ICT) KnowledgeTechnological (ICT) Knowledge

– Skills necessary to operate particular Skills necessary to operate particular technologiestechnologies

– The ability to learn and adapt to new The ability to learn and adapt to new technologiestechnologies

– A functional understanding of technologiesA functional understanding of technologies• Pedagogical knowledgePedagogical knowledge

– Students’ prior knowledgeStudents’ prior knowledge– How to use resourcesHow to use resources– Classroom managementClassroom management– Lesson plan development & Lesson plan development &

implementationimplementation– Student evaluationStudent evaluation

TPACKTPACK

•Content or Subject matter Content or Subject matter knowledgeknowledge– Knowledge of central facts, Knowledge of central facts,

concepts, principles, theories & concepts, principles, theories & procedures procedures

– Explanatory frameworksExplanatory frameworks– Evidence for proofEvidence for proof

TPACKTPACK• Technological pedagogical Technological pedagogical

Knowledge:Knowledge: – How pedagogies change because of How pedagogies change because of

ICTICT• Technological Content Knowledge:Technological Content Knowledge:

– How subject matter changes How subject matter changes because of ICTbecause of ICT

• Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Pedagogical Content Knowledge: – How particular aspects of subject How particular aspects of subject

matter are organized, adapted and matter are organized, adapted and represented for instructionrepresented for instruction

TPACKTPACK• TPACK is the basis of effective TPACK is the basis of effective

teaching with technology and requires teaching with technology and requires an understanding of; an understanding of; – the representation of concepts using the representation of concepts using

technologiestechnologies– pedagogical techniques that use pedagogical techniques that use

technologies in constructive ways to technologies in constructive ways to teach a contentteach a content

– knowledge of what makes concepts knowledge of what makes concepts difficult or easy to learn and how difficult or easy to learn and how technology can help readdress some technology can help readdress some of the problems that students faceof the problems that students face

TPACKTPACK

– knowledge of students’ prior knowledge of students’ prior knowledge and knowledge of knowledge and knowledge of how technologies can be used how technologies can be used to build on existing knowledge to build on existing knowledge to develop new knowledgeto develop new knowledge

•There is no single technological There is no single technological solution that applies for every solution that applies for every teacher, every course, or every teacher, every course, or every view of teachingview of teaching

Exemplary TPACK lessonsExemplary TPACK lessons

• Pendulum (physics –DUCE)Pendulum (physics –DUCE)

• Animation (physics – Hokes law)Animation (physics – Hokes law)

• Animation (Chemistry – Electrolysis)Animation (Chemistry – Electrolysis)

• Animation (biology – First aid)Animation (biology – First aid)

• Animation (Biology – Mitosis)Animation (Biology – Mitosis)

• Animation (Chemistry – Rate of chemical Animation (Chemistry – Rate of chemical reaction)reaction)

• Animation (Physics – static electricity)Animation (Physics – static electricity)

Examples of lesson plans that Examples of lesson plans that integrate technologyintegrate technology

• Biology lessonBiology lesson

• Chemistry lessonChemistry lesson

• Physics lessonPhysics lesson

How do we design a How do we design a technology integrated lessontechnology integrated lesson

• You can make it yourself in Word, Excel or You can make it yourself in Word, Excel or PowerPointPowerPoint

• There are online learning materials that are There are online learning materials that are available for free: www.kscience.co.uk, available for free: www.kscience.co.uk, www.youtube.com www.youtube.com

• Examples of online materials: animations, Examples of online materials: animations, videovideo

• These materials can also be downloaded and These materials can also be downloaded and be presented through a CD.be presented through a CD.

• Example of some CDs that have teaching and Example of some CDs that have teaching and learning contents.learning contents.