technology compliance for ... - sustainable shipping€¦ · •lng capacity 230 tons/day...

© Wärtsilä

TECHNOLOGY COMPLIANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING

Motorways of the Sea Conference

18-19th November 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden

Tomas Aminoff, Director Technology Strategy

2 © Wärtsilä

Increasing regulations and awareness

LNG • Simultaneous reduction of GHG / SOx / NOx / PM

• Market: mainly ships with regular routes and limited

autonomy requirements operating in ECAs

• Infrastructure development is needed for larger uptake

• Conversion solution available

HFO NOx: SCR or wet methods

SOx: Scrubbers

Market: mostly merchant

ships operating a

significant time in ECAs

MGO • NOx: SCR or primary

methods

• Market: ships operating a

limited time in ECAs,

small ships

Wärtsilä is developing a multi-solution approach to meet requirements

for different owner needs, ship types and operating profiles.

NOx

Acid rains

Ozone depletion

SOx

Acid rains

PARTICULATE

MATTER

Impact on air quality

GREENHOUSE

GAS

Global warming

VOC

Damage to local

eco-systems

Tier II (2011)

Tier III in ECA*

(2016/21)

3.5% (2012)

ECA 0.1% (2015)

Global 0.5%

(2020/25)

Along with SOx

reduction

Under evaluation

by IMO

*Emissions Control Areas

Tomas Aminoff: Motorways of the Sea Conference, 18-19th November 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden

Baltic Sea, North Sea

and English Channel

USA, Hawaii and

Canada

Major shipping routes

Regulations requiring investments from the industry

US (Local)

in force from

Dec 2013

All ships > 300 GT operating in US waters

Global

All ships > 400 GT trading internationally

41

30

30,25%

35%

Countries World GT

New and existing vessel • Will cause an extensive need for ship owners to invest in existing fleet

Only new buildings

Affecting vessels in different ways

Ballast Water

• Globally; enter into force one

year after ratification

• USA; In extension process

SOx

• SECA areas 0,1% sulphur by 1st

of January 2015

• Globally 0,5% sulphur by 1st of

January 2020/25

NOx

• IMO Tier II in force

• IMO Tier III by 1st of January

2016 in NECA areas

3 © Wärtsilä Tomas Aminoff: Motorways of the Sea Conference, 18-19th November 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden

http://www.uscg.mil/default.asp

http://www.imo.org/

A comprehensive product portfolio

Automation Ballast water

management

Compressors Engines &

generating sets

Exhaust gas cleaning

Gas systems Gears Inert gas Oil separation

Propulsors Pumps & valves Seals, bearings &

stern tubes

Waste & fresh water

management

Ship design services

Power electric

systems


Where to go


LNG as fuel

CO2

NOx

SOx

Particulates

Dual-Fuel engine

in gas mode

Diesel

engine

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Emission

values [%]

-25%

-85%

-99%

-95%


The gas value chain – an overview

- Fuel gas handling for

OSVs

- On- & Offshore small

scale liquefaction

- Antiflaring

- VOC

- Gas reformer

- Oil separation

- Jetty and Floating

regasification

- Bunkering and barges

- Receiving terminals

- Loading stations

- Fuel gas handling

- LPG, LEG and LNG

cargo handling


Land based infrastructure – LNG receiving terminals

Gas supply for a steel work in Tornio, Finland

• Process design

• Boil-off gas compressors

• Blower for vapor return

• Re-gasification

• Truck and Ship bunkering loading stations

• Pumps & tank equipment incl. valves and instruments

LNG receiving terminals in cooperation with Power Plants

In addition, special purpose built small scale

LNG tankers:

• Gas cargo handling

• Fuel gas handling

• Engines

• Propulsion


Land based infrastructure – Gas liquefaction process

• Liquefaction process based improved

Brayton cycle

• EPCIC contract with GASNOR

• LNG capacity 230 tons/day

• Contract awarded fall 2005,

full production August 2007

Small Scale LNG - 20-500k t/y

• Multi Refrigerant liquefaction process

• Biogas liquefaction plant – Oslo, Norway

• Our 1st commercial biogas liquefaction plant

• Biogas created from household organic waste

• Liquid Biogas (LBG) to be used on city buses

• LBG production capacity 11tons/day

• Production started October 2013

• Includes gas pre-treatment, liquefaction,

storage and export

Mini LNG - 20k t/y


© Wärtsilä

Dual-Fuel applications - Milestones

2001 >2013

VIKING ENERGY

PETROJARL 1 Gaz de France Energy

2006 2004 2011

BIT VIKING

2012

CORAL ENERGY

2013

VIKING GRACE

2016

TERNTANK


http://hhpinsight.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/2/files/2013/05/CryonormDanserMV-Eiger1111.jpg

Dual-fuel application - References

Merchant

Offshore

Cruise &

Ferry

Navy

Others

Power Plants

DF Power Plant

• 67 installations

• 354 engines

• Output 4600 MW

• Online since1997

OSV’s

• 31 vessels

• 96 engines

Production

• 2 platform

• 9 FPSO’s etc.

• 1 FSO

• 40 engines

LNG Cruise

ferry

• 1 vessels

• 4 engines

• Complete gas

train

LNG ferries

• 4 ferries

• 18 engines

Conversion

• 1 ferry

• 2 engines

Coastal Patrol

• DF-propulsion

• DF main and

auxiliary engines

TUG

• 2 vessel

• 2 engines

each

• Mechanical

drive

Guide Ship

• 1 vessel

/engine

IWW

• 2 vessel

• 3 engines

6 segments >1,000 engines >10,000,000 running hours

LNG Carrier

Multigas Carrier

Ro-Ro

Bulk Carrier

Conversion

150 vessels

5 vessels

2 vessels

1 vessels

1 vessels

~ 650 engines


12/6 2014 Tomas Aminoff 11

4-STROKE 2-STROKE TECHNOLOGY DF

SECA

NECA (Otto Principle)

• Owner: Drydocks World (DDW)

• Country: United Arab Emirates

• Vessel type: 9 * 23 m long tugs

• Engines 2* Wärtsilä 9L20DF

• Thrusters: 2 * Wärtsilä WST-18 CP

• Gas handling: Wärtsilä LNGPac

New: Middle East’s first LNG fuelled harbor tug


What are the hardware alternatives

Wärtsilä is developing a multi-solution approach to meet requirements

for different owner needs, ship types and operating profiles.

Ballast Water Treatment

250´000 - 1´200’000 € MR Tanker - VLCC

Investment per vessel

Must invest

No Payback

Scrubber

1´000’000 - 5´000´000 €

Open/main stream - Hybrid/Integrated

Investment per vessel

Attractive Payback

SCR

170´000 - 650´000 €

1 MW Aux eng. - 15 MW main engine

Investment per engine

Must invest

No Payback

Ballast Water

• Ballast Water treatment

equipment

SOx

• Scrubber

• LNG

• Distillates/LSHFO

NOx

• SCR

• LNG with Otto combustion

• EGR


SECA

NECA

Wärtsilä Main Scrubber Portfolio

Open loop scrubber – sea water operations • Uses seawater i.e. no freshwater needs

• Slightly higher power demand than FWS

• Does not need caustic soda

• Water treatment also on open loop

Applications: main alternative for ocean-going ships

Closed loop scrubber – fresh water/closed loop operations • Independent on seawater alkalinity

• Zero effluent discharge an option

• Low power demand

• Needs caustic soda as a reagent

Applications: seas with extremely low alkalinity and for operators looking

for continues closed loop operation

Hybrid scrubbers – open loop / closed loop operations • Flexible system

• More complex system

Applications: ships requiring full flexibility of operations


Loss of income (if any)

• Loss of cargo space

• Downtime during

installation

Indirect costs

• Added resistance

• Maintenance

• HFO heating

• ....

Scrubber economics

Combustion unit power Combustion unit running time

Annual fuel consumption in

ECA

Price difference between low

and high sulphur fuels

Gross fuel savings

NET SAVINGS

Additional expenses

Direct costs

• Power consumption

• Sludge

• Water (if any)

• Chemicals (if any)


MR Tanker: An attractive retrofit solution

As per 9.10.2014

As per avg. 2013


1,3 milj

€/a

1,2 milj

€/a

Alternative fuels - The supplier with experience

Coming into service

First installation to

enter service in Q1

2015

Full engines test on

ZA40 have taken

place during 2014

Methanol • Sulfur free

Bio-fuels

• Sulfur free

• Fuel specification and

availability is a question

mark

VOC

• Mix of different HC´s

and inert gas

• VOC from a shuttle

tanker can cover up to

25% of vessels energy

demand

LPG

• Sulfur free

• Heavier than air

• 2% of global energy

market

In Service

In service since 2012

Operating on Bio-Fuel

or MDO

Working well

Several land based

power plants in

operation

Tested in the 90`s

600 bar injection

pressure was not

enough with the diesel

priniciple

Smoke problem

Plant was transferred

back to NG only

In Service

Several VOC recovery

installation sin use

GasReformer

delivered 2013

DF engines in marine

service since 2001


SECA

NECA

Alternative fuels- VOC

Cargo

pumps

Crude Oil Cargo Tanks MDO Bunker Tank

LVOC Tank

Saving:

5´000 ton

fuel/year

Saving:

9´000 ton

fuel/year Savings:

17 000 ton

VOC / year

Background • Discussed in MEPC 65

• Norway estimate that

the global amount of

VOC to 4-5 tons

annually

• Equals 12-15 million

ton CO2

Vessel types • FSO´s

• Shuttle tankers

• (Crude oil tankers)

• (Product tankers)

FSO with VOC recovery, Gas

reformer and Dual Fuel machinery

Savings: • >10 million $/year

• > 150´000 ton CO2eqv/year

• 100 kg NOx/year

• No SOx

GWP =

155 000 ton

CO2 / year

4-STROKE TECHNOLOGY DF GAS REFORMER

SECA

NECA (Otto Principle)

Space requirement

Reduced


• More and more industrial stakeholders has a sustainability program

• Legalisation is one of the technology drivers

• Many times legalisation targeting one emission, increase other

emissions

• Legalisation affecting the existing fleet is often problematic and

expensive

• When legalisation is in place, effective enforcement is the key to secure

a levelled playing field

• For successful implementation public financing is needed for pilots well

in advance of the legalisation implementation date

Conclusions


technology compliance for ... - sustainable shipping€¦ · •lng capacity 230 tons/day...

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