technology commercialization on slaughter goats …...farmer can engage in, as it requires low...

Proceedings of the 22nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Global Business, Economics,

Finance & Social Sciences (AP19Thailand Conference)

Bangkok-Thailand. February 15-16, 2019. Paper ID: T926

1 www.globalbizresearch.org

Technology Commercialization on Slaughter Goats

(Triple Cross Goats) in Pangasinan, Philippines

Jovita M. Datuin,

E-mail: [email protected]

Cathy B. Pastor,

Josefina P. Bueno,

Liza L. Ronquillo,

Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office, Philippines.

___________________________________________________________________________

Abstract

A development project implemented in Region 1, Philippines, to transform goat raising from

a subsistence type of farm activity into a profitable goat livelihood employing farmer

participatory approach and technology-based rural enterprises. Two hundred eleven (211)

goat raisers served as farmer partners adopting (100%) housing, stall feeding, upgrading and

strategic deworming. A marked increase in growth and reproductive performance were

registered. From an initial of 52 farmer partners, additional 129 additional raisers were

encouraged to venture on goat enterprises. This covers four municipalities and 28 barangays

with six organized farmers association. Overall gender analysis accounted for 73.07% male

farmer-partners and 26.92% female farmer-partners in the focal and expansion sites.

Farmers’ knowledge, skills, attitude, and social competence were enhanced. Increased

farmers income was registered for a 10, and 20 doe level slaughter enterprise recorded a

monthly income of Php 1,825.00 and Php 4,164.16 with an ROI of 71.57% and 81.65%

respectively. Beyond technology promotion thus, building sustainable slaughtered goats

enterprises through strengthened institutionalization effort of LGUs with organized and

empowered rural communities, LGUs supported the expansion of the project and refocused

their commodity priorities towards goat. As the project continues, goat raising is transformed

from subsistence farming to vibrant and profitable enterprises.

___________________________________________________________________________

Key Words: Innovative Goat Production Technologies, Triple Cross Goats, Goat Enterprise

JEL Classification: J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, R1, R2, R3, R5





1. Introduction

Goats are an integral part of small hold farming systems. It has established itself as a good

source of meat (chevon) and milk. In the Philippines, the importance of goat is assessed mainly

by its contribution to food supplies and economy, and on the merits of its biological

characteristics. Their adaptability to warm environment and low level of management are of

particular value to the restricted input capability of small landless farmers (Escano et al., 1991).

They play an important part to marginal farmers, and their contribution can be translated

through contribution to the livestock enterprise. It is an immediate source of cash income at

times when cereal and vegetable crops are affected by typhoons and drought or extreme climate

change (Various farmers thru personal communication, 2010-2012).

Indeed, raising these animals can be an alternative source of sustainable income and food

for the family. In times of urgent need, this help provides for household needs, children’s

education and farm expenses allowing farmers not to result in high-interest loans. It remained

an attractive enterprise among farmers and now became a community livelihood to most farm

families. Goat production is a complementary commodity to the rice-crop based farming system

because of their ability to utilize cellulosic feed materials and to survive in the marginal

environment (Datuin et al., 2006, 2009).

Raising goats in Region 1 has been gaining popularity and is gradually becoming an

important component of the region’s agricultural system. Production areas are concentrated

mainly in the rain fed and upland areas in the four provinces of Region. The knowledge, skills,

and attitude of the farmers were enhanced through participatory modality process. Moreover,

the “learning by doing approach” was well undertaken thru the adoption of the Farmers

Livestock School (Alo et al., 2003, 2004, Guide Committee of Farmers Livestock School).

At present, more municipalities are interested in engaging in goat production to produce

slaughter and breeder base meat-type goats. This was strongly supported by the Regional

Development Council and National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Region 1 and

considered goat production as one of the top five priority commodity to be prioritized regarding

research for development and system support requirement from the different stakeholders and

be upscaled on a region-wide basis.

The total goat inventory as of 01 July 2015, was 3.68 million heads. It decreased by 0.82

percent from the previous year’s inventory of 3.71 million heads. Of the total inventory, about

3.62 million heads or 98.43 percent were raised in backyard farms. The rest were in commercial

farms.

Around 40.20 percent of the goat inventory was done or female breeders. Bucks or male

breeders accounted for 7.77 percent. Kids shared 32.46 percent in the total inventory. The





remaining 19.57% were the male castrated goat and those intended for fattening (PSA July

2016).

Genetically improved breeds of goats were introduced and loaned out to our farmer-

partners as part of our upgrading program to infuse exotic bloodlines. However, several

problems were noted such as inbreeding and genetic depression, high insurance cost being

shouldered by farmers, higher risk due to diseases when used to serve several does, and very

costly on the part of the LGU and farmers association to purchase a new breeder buck for the

need of growing farmers engaged in goat production.

This project is anchored on the successes and learning in enhancing goat production that

were gained from completed DOST PCAARRD RED/UPRED (2007-2013) plans and other

related development endeavors of the Department of Agriculture RFO I, the Bureau of

Agricultural Research together with the collaborative support of the different provincial and

local government units and non government association

It hopes, among others, to contribute in the attainment of the technical targets, i.e., reduction

of preweaning mortality from 20% to 10% and increasing slaughter weight from 15 kg to 30

kg by 2020, of the Industry Strategic Plan (ISP) of the Small Ruminant Industry cluster.

Furthermore, it serves as an open avenue to start goat enterprise development projects by

providing farmers with quality breeders. Thus, to strengthen and support the regional promotion

of the goat industry in Region 1, now a top priority livestock commodity, upscaling the

collaborative efforts of all the government and non-government agencies, local government

units and state colleges and universities is imperative through goat technology

commercialization, hence this project.

2. Literature Review

Goat raising is one of the most practical and feasible livestock-based rural enterprise that a

farmer can engage in, as it requires low initial investments. The goat’s full economic potentials

have not yet been realized since the majority of the goat inventory is in the hands of smallholder

farmers who lack the appropriate knowledge and understanding on how to increase goat

productivity. Application of improved technology packages and the use of proper techno-

transfer modalities to encourage active and efficient adoption of technology mixes by

smallholder farmers can effectively enhance the production performance and thus, profitability

of goat production in smallholder farms (Alo, 2003; Brown et al., 2003; Venturina, et al., 2003;

and PCARRD, 2003).

The development and application of workable technology packages on goat production,

which include integrated worm control strategies, housing and feeding technologies, among

others, by smallholder farmers in focal sites of ILRI-IFAD TAG 443 project has resulted in





83% reduction in mortalities (Venturina et al., 2003) and about 95% improvement in

survival rate of kids up to maturity. 2004b). Orden et al. (2005) also reported that the resulting

better growth performance of goats raised by adopters of CASREN espoused technologies

showed the goat’s potential to increase income. Through the “learning by doing” participatory

approach modality developed by the earlier development projects (ILRI-IFAD TAG 443 and

CASREN), the Department of Agriculture-Regional Field Office 1 (DA-RFO 1) development

workers enabled their farmer-cooperators to improve their competence in adopting improved

goat production technology/practices (Datuin et al., 2005). With enhanced knowledge and

skills, the farmer-cooperators attained better and sustainable income from goat production. This

was realized through reduced mortality (10-15%) compared with the traditional way (50-60%).

Other improved practices such as stall feeding, strategic deworming, and better feeding reduced

cases of diarrhea and parasitism.

3. Methodology

3.1 Pre-implementation Meeting of Project Implementers

At the start of the project, an inception meeting/dialogue was held to discuss the project’s

concept, methodology, expected outputs, and other pertinent issues to all concerned project

implementers (PLGU/MLGU/BLGU) together with the Project Working Group and DA RFO

I Officials and Livestock Banner Program Coordinator.

3.2 Selection of Project Sites

The focal sites selected based on set criteria: (a) goat production recognized as

economically crucial with high population, (b) accessibility, (c) high radiation effect, and (d)

presence of support system. Figure 1 shows the selected project sites implemented last July

2014 to June 2016.

Figure 1: Project Focal and Expansion Sites





3.3 Selection of Project Sites

The focal sites selected based on set criteria: (a) goat production recognized as

economically crucial with high population, (b) accessibility, (c) high radiation effect, and (d)

presence of support system. Figure 1 shows the selected project sites implemented last July

2014 to June 2016.

3.4 Selection and Characterization of Farmer-partners

The farmer-partners were selected based on their willingness to cooperate and participate

in the project with at least 5 doe- level, positive receptivity to innovative

and interested in goat enterprise development.

3.5 Baseline Survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

A baseline survey and conduct of FGD in the focal site was conducted to study major socio-

economic of the farmers (household and demographic characteristics, land ownership, land use,

livestock, and other assets) crop production, cropping patterns, yields, presence of market, R

& D institutions and credit facilities and livelihood opportunities.

Significant production constraints for livestock and crop production and opportunities.

Identification of problems and proposed solutions were among the activities undertaken.

Situational needs were assessed thru focused group discussion with the farmers, barangay and

municipal officials. Participatory problem and situational analysis was conducted to ensure the

proper fit between the needs and preferences of target farmers and with the recommended

appropriate goat technology options

3.6 Capability Building

Strong social preparations and capacity building activities (CBAs) to enhance the

capabilities of our farmer-partners and skills development on the innovative goat production

system were conducted to empower our farmer partners. It includes Technology training, cross

visits/lakbay-aral, participation in goat festival, attendance to 27 weeks Farmers Livestock

School for Integrated Goat Management (FLS- IGMT) and enterprise development training.

These CBA strategies used were patterned from the success adopted by CASREN Philippines

(2003). The mentioned activities encouraged the farmer-partners to adopt improved goat

production systems and other related technologies. (Table 1) through action learning strategies

developed through the ILRI-IFAD and CASREN project (Alo, 2003; Venturina et al., 2003;

CASREN, 2003).

3.7 Strategic Rural Development Process

Rural enterprise development/market development

The project conducted the market development and business aspect. To discuss the market

and business plan of the GOAT TECH COM project, it is best to situate them within an

enterprise network. The framework is shown in Figure 2. A rural-based enterprise consists of





three important components: (1) production system; (2) organization and management; and

(3) linkages. Technology-based rural enterprises are those where the outputs of R&D,

concerning technology or information, become prominent and integral to the whole enterprise

operation.

Figure 2: Framework for Technology-based Rural Enterprise Development Process

Plate 1: Photo Documentation of Project Activities

Table 1: Three Basic Goat Check System Technology Options/Practices

Improved Breeding Management

Upgrading

Controlled Breeding

Housing and Feeding Management

Stall Feeding

Urea Treated Rice straw

Intensified Use of Multipurpose species

Urea-molasses mineral block (UMMB)

Holistic Animal Health Management

Strategic Worm Control

Rapid rotational grazing

Improved housing Adopted in (RED/UPRED Project 2009-2011)

3.8 Participatory Approaches

The project followed a participatory modality framework based on the premise that any

development endeavor, to be genuinely participatory, must first and foremost take into account

the farmers’ realities – their situation, aspirations, and capabilities. In monitoring, the farmer-

partners filled-out a monthly monitoring form to establish data/information on goat inventory,

productive and reproductive performance, health practices, marketing practices, technology

adoption, and economic data of the farm for the month. A participatory resource appraisal cum

farmers’ survey was conducted with the farmers to validate the results of the study and

determine the problem-technology resource management.

R&D

TECH

Packaging

Prod’n.

System

Organization

& Mgt.

Linkages





Figure 3: Participatory Methodology (CASREN Philippines/Lanting, 2003)

3.9 Data Analysis

Analysis of data was carried out using “before and after” comparison among the adopters

and non-adopters. Data on growth and reproductive performance of the animals ( birth,

weaning and slaughter weights, conception rate, kidding interval, kidding size and mortality

rate were gathered. Likewise, economic benefits/feasibility were determined using the “before

and after” approach. Other data will be subjected to descriptive analysis. A cost and return

analysis was undertaken for the implementation of the project for a 10 doe level for the

slaughter and 20 doe level breeder business enterprise.

3.10 Implementing Strategies

The project was led by Project Management Team (PMT) in Region I. It is being

implemented by the Project Working Group (PWG) in farmers’ fields where farmers

themselves play an active role in decision-making and implementation of project activities. A

strong partnership among the local institutions (PLGU/MLGU/BLGU) and the project

implementers was initiated. A MOA was duly signed among the stakeholders to support the

legitimization and sustainability of the project. Linkages with R&D institutions, financial

institutions, and other government support agencies, and non-governmental organizations were

established and strengthened. The project management team will likewise develop timely

information dissemination system in cooperation with its partners.

4. Results and Discussion

Biophysical, Socio-economics, Institutional Characteristics of Sites, Farm Household and

Farmer Partners





The project sites in Pangasinan is characterized by upland, hilly land and lowland areas

having Type I climate. Major crop-animal production systems are rice-vegetable + goat and

rice-corn+goat. Average farm size ranged from 1.10 to 1.33 has with an average of 1.22 has.

The climatic condition, soil type, and topography are appropriate for goat production. The

vegetative resources are potential sources of feeds for animal production systems. Livestock

raising is considered a good source of livelihood contributing a good sum of the total household

income of 10.59% - 16.51%.

Selection and Characterization of Farmer-Partners

The farmer-partners were selected based on their willingness to cooperate and participate

in the project with at least 5 doe-level, positive receptivity to innovative

technologies/development projects, and interested in goat enterprise development. The gender

account consists of 73.07% male FP’s and 26.92% female FPs (Table 2).

Table 2: Farmer Partners in Focal and Expansion Sites

Focal Sites / Expansion Sites in Pangasinan No. of Farmer-Partners TOTAL

MALE FEMALE

Balungao 7 8 15

Bayambang 13 2 15

Manaoag 10 2 12

Bani 8 2 10

TOTAL 38 14 52

Capability Building

Strong social preparations and capacity building activities (CBAs) to enhance the

capabilities of our farmer partners and skills development on the innovative goat production

system were conducted to empower our farmer partners. Table 3 shows the details of the CBAs’

performed during the project implementation.

Impact of Capability Building Activities

An attempt of evaluating the impact and capacity building through a post-evaluation

participatory process was conducted in determining the effects of capability building activities

on farmer’s application learning experiences in their respective goat farms. Evaluation criteria

used to assess the impact and outcome were feedbacking and testimonies during the site visit,

regular monitoring, farm visit, and farmer exchange experiences, influence on other goat raisers

in the cluster areas, institutional directions and priority focus of LGUs and public and private

sectors including NGOs. The CBAs resulted in faster adoption of technology options by

farmers, enhanced positive attitudes, knowledge, skills, and aspirations, increased in

productivity and income, purchased additional breeders, LGU refocused other projects to

financed goat development programs and increased spill over sites and farmer cooperators

(Table 3).





Table 3: Capability Building Activities Undertaken in Focal Sites

Activities Balungao Bayambang Total Remarks

Briefing/Orientation/

Participatory

Planning

2

(18 male)

(15 male)

2

(29 male)

(6 male)

4

(47 male)

(21 male)

Attended by

PLGU/MLGU/BLGU

Officials/Technicians/FPS

Technology

Trainings

2

(15 male)

(13 male)

2

(34 male)

(6 male)

4

(49 male)

(19 male)

Seminars/Lectures on Health

Herd Goat Management

Cross Visits/Lakbay

Aral

1

(10 male)

(10 male)

1

(9 male)

(3 male)

2

(19 male)

(13 male)

Lakbay aral destinations to

Reg II model goat farms and

institutions

Enterprise Skills

Development

1

(4 male)

(1 male)

1

(4 male)

2

(8 male)

( 1male)

Training conducted by

DTI,CDA and ATI

Attendance to Goat

Shows and Goat

Festival

1

(38 male)

(55 male)

1

(38 male)

( 55 male)

Conducted by Balungao,

Pangasinan in coordination

with the Department of

Agriculture

Total

7

(179)

6

(91)

2

(270)

Table 4: Evaluation Criteria and Outcomes/Impact of Capability Building Activities

Evaluation

Process/Criteria Results/Outcome/Impact

Feed backing and

testimonies of farmers

during meetings/site visit

Adoption of technology options by farmers, enhance knowledge,

change attitudes, skills and aspirations

Regular monitoring and farm

visit/farmer to farmer

exchange of experiences

Increase in productivity (body weight, weaning weight and

slaughter weight), lowered pre-weaning mortality rate, decreased

kidding interval and increased conception rate

Before and after/ pre and

post evaluation

Some farmer partners purchased additional breeder does/stocks

Influence on other goat

raisers in the cluster sites

Spill-over farmers in the locality

Institutional

direction/priority focus by

LGU

Refocus existing livestock project to goat development center

Awareness of public/private sectors Adoption/Replication of Project in other areas, complimenting existing

development projects

Adoption of Technology Options Across Project Sites

As noted in all of the technology options, housing is the primary and basic intervention

adopted by farmers (Datuin, et al., 2005 and Brown et al., 2003). Animals are protected from

adverse weather condition when raised in elevated housing. All FPs also adopted the stall-

feeding/legume/MPTS supplementation; upgrading and strategic deworming as major





technology options that improved the growth and reproductive performance and reduced

mortality and morbidity. Some introduced TOs were not fully adopted when additional cost and

labor will be incurred such as the use of urea molasses mineral block and urea-treated rice straw.

Table 5: Goat Technology Options/Interventions Adopted by Farmer Partners

Basket of Technology

Options/interventions

No. of Farmer/adopters in focal

sites

No. of Farmer/adopters in

expansion sites

FP’s

N=30

% SOFA’s

N=96

% FP’s

N=22

% SOFA’s

N=63

%

Housing 30 100 96 100 22 100 63 100

Stall

feeding/Legume/MPTS

Supplementation

30 100 96 100 22 100 63 100

Upgrading 30 100 96 100 22 100 63 100

Strategic Deworming 30 100 96 100 22 100 45 71.42

Improved Forage and

Pasture

12 40 22 22.9 12 54.54 38 60.31

UMMB/UTRS

Supplementation

9 30 20 20.8 8 36.36 5 7.94

Concentrate/Salt

Supplementation

6 20 8 8.30 5 22.72 25 39.68

FP’s (farmers adopters); SOFA’s (spill over farmer adopters)

Goat Productivity and Performance of Improved Goat Genotypes

Total Population Inventory of Farmer-Partners in Focal and Expansion Sites

The details of the goat population and doe level inventory from the focal and expansion

sites are shown in Table 6. As reflected in the growth and reproductive parameters, the

increased in both goat and doe level inventory is a positive outcome of a marked decrease in

mortality, improved conception rate, and kidding interval. Higher birth and weaning weights

is an indicator of higher livability. The result in higher adoption coupled with their enhanced

knowledge and skills, positive attitude and aspirations of farmer partners are important factors

that contribute to the increased animal inventory.





Plate 2: Innovative Goat Production Technologies Adopted by our

Farmer Partners in the Focal Sites and their Positive Outcome





Table 6: Summary of the Goat Population and Doe-Level Inventory

of Farmer-Partners in the Project

Tech Com Sites

Initial

Population

Inventory

Current

Population

Inventory

Increase/Decrease

in Population

Inventory (%)

Remarks

Focal sites

Balungao 315 308 (2.22) Declined inventory is

due to higher demand of

slaughter male breeder

goats and better price

goats whereby farmers

needed in their crop

farming activities

Bayambang 234 311 33 Due to improved kidding

and higher livability

Expansion sites

Manaoag 213 226 6.10 Farmer cooperators are

building up their breeder

stocks

Bani 272 261 (4.04) Slaughtering of goats

during special occasions

(graduations, fietas and

etc)

Initial Doe-level

Inventory

Current Doe-

level Inventory

Increase Doe-level

Inventory (%)

Focal sites

Balungao

188 171

9 Usually farmers do not

dispose their female

stocks

Bayambang 173 172 0.57 -do-

Expansion sites

Manaoag 138 122 (11.59)

Sold goats during

enrollment period

Bani 138 123 (10.87)

Sold goats needed in

farming activities

Technical Feasibility of the Project

Performance of Goat Genotypes

Table 7 presents the average growth and reproductive performance of improved goat

genotypes as compared with ISP Target across focal sites in Region I. In the birth, weaning and

slaughter weights; there was a marked increase of 76%, 64%, and 79% respectively. Likewise,

there was an increased conception rate of 87 % in Natural heat and Artificial Insemination 13%.

The preweaning mortality was reduced compared with the ISP target. The ease and high

adoption of technology mix translated an excellent growth and reproductive performance of

our goat herd.





Plate 3: Upgrades Produced by the GOAT TECH COM Fps at Different Growth Stages

Table 7: Average Growth and Reproductive Performance of Goat Genotypes

Across Focal and Expansion Sites for Phase I

Parameter

Average

Output

Baseline

Data

Focal Sites

(2 mun & 16

brgys)

Expansion

Sites

(2 mun & 12

brgys)

Ave

rage

%

Increas

e/decre

ase

ISP*

Target

%

Attained

Birth weight

(kg)

1.5 1.90(n=312) 1.89(n=114) 1.90 +0.4 2.5 76

Weaning

weight (kg)

6.5 9.22(n=240) 10.0(n=96) 9.61 +3.11 15 64

Slaughter

weight (kg)

12.5 25.28 (n=240) 22.27(n=11) 23.78 +11.28 30 79

Conception

rate (%)

Natural Heat 75% 85.11(n=143) 88.88(n=64) 87 +12 100 87%

A.I 25% 14.89(n=25) 11.11(n=8) 13 +12 100 13%

PWM ** (%) 25% 12.82%(n=312) 16.66(n=96) 14.74 -10.26 20 to

10%

73.7%

*Industry Strategic Plan ** Pre-weaning mortality





Organization and Enterprise Development thru Public, Private and People Partnership

Strong Political Support of the PLGU/MLGU/BLGU. The strong and continued support of

the different LGUs in 2 focal and 2 expansion sites in the promotion and development of goat

industry as a sustainable enterprise project was manifested thru the collaborative and financial

support for breeder stocks, drugs/biologics, training expenses, establishment of multiplier farm

were funded by their Office including the continued technical support of their veterinarians.

PLGU and MLGU focal persons (30 technicians/veterinarians) were designated to support in

the implementation and monitoring of activities.

Private and People Partnership. The immense support of non-government association to

our 211 FPs involved in the project translated by improving and putting up 211 goat houses at

their labor and capital and providing area for forage garden and current breeder stocks invested

in the project is a manifestation of building up sustainable goat enterprise development in the

countryside. Their time devoted to record keeping, attending seminars, lakbay-aral and sharing

their technical knowledge and skills to interested farmers cannot be valued.

The mobilization of the public, private and empowered people partnership through

participatory approach is a modality to facilitate the promotion of innovative sustainable rural

goat enterprises. The organized officers and members (Table 8) have agreed to lead in the

establishment of model demonstrations of 3 multiplier farms/ communal forage area that served

as cross visit farms for interested goat raisers/lakbay aral.

Table 8: List of Goat Raisers Associations in Focal and Expansion Sites

Project Sites/Name of

Association/No. of Members

Name of Association

President PROJECT Consultant/Adviser

Focal Sites

Dangro Raisers of Balungao

INC) 70

Rosario Castillio Mayor Philip G. Peralta

Bayambang( Bayambang

Integrated Active Goat Raisers

Association)26

Genaro Requilman Mayor Ricardo Camacho

Expansion Sites

Manaoag (Manaoag Goat

Federated Association) 52

John Cristobal Sr. Mayor Kim Mikael G. Amador

Banog Sur Goat Raiser

Association INC

Centro Toma Goat Raisers

Association

San Simon-Dacap Norte Goat

Raisers Association

Diosdado Paltep

Romy Tabunigao

Rogelio Nazarita

Mayor Gwen Palafox Yamamoto





Economic Profitability of Technology Options Adopted

Economic Analysis

Slaughter Goat Enterprise. Table 9 and 10 shows the cost and return analysis of a 10 and

20 doe-level slaughter goat enterprise.

Plate 4: Goat Slaughter Produced by Farmer-Partners

Table 9: Cost and Return Analysis of 10 Doe-Level Slaughter Goat Enterprise

ITEMS TOTAL VALUE (PhP)

INCOME

A. Sale of stocks 42 heads @

Php2,500.00

Php 105,000.00

B. Manure

Does

(10 does @ 1 kg/doe/day

@24 mos @ Php0.5/kg)

3,650.00

Kids

(42 kids @ 0.5 kg/kid

@ 8 mos @Php0.5/kg)

2520.00

TOTAL INCOME 111,170.00

EXPENSES

A. Depreciation Cost

* Does 5,000.00

* Housing 5,000.00

B. Dewormer 2,500.00

C. Feed Supplements 5,000.00

D. Labor 2 hrs/day

Php50.00/day @ 730 days

36,500.00

E. Buck service 3,000.00

F. Forage establishment & maint. 4,200.00

TOTAL EXPENSES 61,200.00

NET INCOME 43,800.00

ROI (%) 71.57

* Does were treated as fixed

investment with 5 years lifespan

ASSUMPTIONS

Cost of Does Php2,500.00/hd

Housing – Php 5000.00 with 2 years

useful lifespan

Labor - 2hrs/day @ Php50.00/day

Kidding rate of 1.6 kidding

frequency is 3x in 2 years

Kids will be raised within six (6)

months

Cost of deworming





Kids Php5.00/kid x 70 heads x 2

times deworming for 8 months

Does Php15.00/head x 20 heads x

6 times deworming for 2 years

@900.00

Concentrate consumption

Breeding Does - 0.25 kg/day for

90 days kidding

Growing - 0.10 kg/day for 90 days

Mortality Rate 8%

Buck service - Php100.00/doe

Forage estab. & maint, 1 ha =

Php30,000.00

Table 11: Core and Allied Enterprises Implemented in the Focal and Expansion Sites

Core and Allied

Enterprise

Focal Sites Total

Sales (Php) /No. of

Animals Disposed

Expansion Sites

Total Sales (Php)

/No. of Animals

Disposed

Remarks

Slaughter Goat

Enterprise

196,050,00

(61 hds)

125,850.00

(48 hds)

Slaughter goats were

disposed earlier due to

improved growth.

Breeder Doe/Buck

Enterprise

758,250.00

(253 hds)

394,950.00

(129)

Training on Goat Slaughtering, Cutting and Processing

In collaboration with the Bureau of Animal Industry – Animal Products Development

Center (BAI-APDC), 13 participants have undergone the rigid training on goat slaughtering,

cutting and processing on August 25-28, 2015 in Marulas, Valenzuela City. The group is

consists of 6 goat raisers, 4 DA-LGU staff, 3 DA-RFO 1 staff, and one training documenter.

This four-day training course was composed of lecture-presentations, observations, and hands-

on demo and return demonstrations. Table 11 shows the name of the successful participants

who completed the training course.

Table 10: Cost and Return Analysis of 20 Doe-Level Slaughter Goat Enterprise

ITEMS TOTAL VALUE (PhP)

INCOME

A. Sale of stocks 84 heads @

Php2,500.00

Php 210,000.00

B. Manure

Does

(20 does @ 1 kg/doe/day

@24 mos @ Php0.5/kg)

7,300.00

Kids

(84 kids @ 0.5 kg/kid

@ 180 days @Php0.5/kg)

5,040.00

TOTAL INCOME 222,340.00

EXPENSES

A. Depreciation Cost

* Does 10,000.00

* Housing 10,000.00

B. Dewormer 5,000.00

C. Feed Supplements 10,000.00





D. Labor 3 hrs/day

Php50.00/day @ 730 days

73,000.00

E. Buck service 6,000.00

F. Forage establishment & maint

of forage (1.0 ha)

8,400.00

TOTAL EXPENSES 122,400.00

NET INCOME 99,940.00

ROI (%) 81.65

* Does were treated as fixed

investment with 5 years lifespan

ASSUMPTIONS

Cost of Does Php2,500.00/doe

Housing – Php 5000.00 with 2 years

useful lifespan

Labor - 3hrs/day @ Php50.00/day

Kidding rate of 1.6 kidding

frequency is 3x in 2 years

Kids will be raised within six (6)

months

Cost of deworming

Kids Php5.00/kid x 42 heads x 2

times deworming for 8

months@630

Does Php15.00/head x 10 heads x

6 times deworming for 2 years

@900.00

Concentrate consumption

Breeding Does - 0.25 kg/day for

90 days kidding

Growing - 0.10 kg/day for 90 days

Buck service - Php100.00/doe

Forage estab. & maint, 0.25 ha =

4,200

Training On Goat Slaughtering, Cutting, and Processing

In collaboration with the Bureau of Animal Industry – Animal Products Development

Center (BAI-APDC), 13 participants have undergone the rigid training on goat slaughtering,

cutting and processing on August 25-28, 2015 in Marulas, Valenzuela City. The group is

consists of 6 goat raisers, 4 DA-LGU staff, 3 DA-RFO 1 staff, and one training documenter.

This four-day training course was composed of lecture-presentations, observations, and hands-

on demo and return demonstrations. Table 11 shows the name of the successful participants

who completed the training course.

Table 11: Total Participants of the Four-Day Training on Goat Slaughtering,

Cutting and Processing.

Trainees No. of Participants Attended

Focal (Balungao & Bayambang) 8 (7 male) & (1 Female)

Expansion (Manaoag) 2 (Male)

DA-RFO-1 4 (3 Male) & (1Female-documenter)

TOTAL 14





Plate 5: Training on Goat Slaughtering, Cutting and Processing at BAI-APDC Marulas,

Valenzuela Cit

Meat Product and by-Product Development

A series of sensory testing was initiated for three chevon specialty dishes developed by the

project, to come up with a standardized recipe for chevon sisig, chevon caldereta, and chevon

floss.

Plate 6: Chevon Dishes during the Consumer Panel Sensory Evaluation

To ensure safety and standardize preparation protocol of chevon dishes developed under

the project, product samples were subjected to laboratory testing for chemical and

physicochemical analysis rendered by Department of Science and Technology - Regional

Standards and Testing Laboratory. Laboratory results yielded positive attributes of the products

tested indicating that they are safe for consumption.





Table 12: Result of Microbial Analysis for Chevon Sisig

Parameters Percentage

APC 10 CFU/g

Mold and Yeast 10 CFU/g

Salmonella Detection Absent @ 25 g sample

Ash 2.98g/100g

Moisture Content 54.38g/100g

Crude protein 25.76g/100g

Crude fat 2.37g/100g

Water Activity 0.92g/100g

The chevon sisig was tested for microbial analysis to assure the safety of human

consumption. It has a low amount of APC, yeast and mold count and absent in Salmonella. This

indicates that it has a low microbial load due to GMP was observed during processing. Others

may content ash, crude protein, crude fat, moisture content, and water activity was shown in

Table 12.

Social Impact of the Project

KOTO-INO (Know One, Teach One and Inspire One)

The project started with knowing and teaching 30 farmer-partners and inspiring 96 farmer

adopters in focal sites. It was intensified in expansion sites empowering 22 farmer partners and

63 farmer adopters. These empowered farmer-partners have inspired a total of 159 spill-over

farmers-adopter (SOFA). To date, we have a total of 211 emerging and empowered goat

entrepreneurs.

Table 13 shows the FPs and SPOFA of the project with doe level and goat population.

These farmers were considered as radiation or domino effect of the project either farmers visited

the original goat-farmers or has attended the cluster advocacy briefing and orientation

conducted by a farmer-experts or scientist. It covered one (focal sites) and spillover (expansion

sites). The FPs and SOFAs have built up their living assets to have a sustainable goat enterprise

through the enhanced internal and social competence. Empowered FP’s have acquired and

leaned the innovative goat production systems through heightened (knowledge, attitude, skills,

and aspirations or KASA).

Table 13: Spill-Over Farmer Partners of the Project with Doe-Level and Goat Population

PARAMETER (No.) Focal Sites

(Balungao & Bayambang)

Expansion Sites

(Manaoag & Bani)

Spill over- Farmers

Adopters (SOFA)

96

63

Male 77.08% (74) 71.43% (45)

Female 22.92 % (22) 28.57% (18)

Total Doe-Level 4.54 5.63





Ave Doe level/farmer (436 heads/farmer) ( 353 heads/farmer)

Total Population/average goat

population/farmer adopter

6.34

(609 heads/farmer)

7.97

( 502 heads/farmer)

Environmental Influence and Benefits

Zero waste management of agricultural products, when given to goats, can be converted

to the protein of higher value from the plants, and goat manure is produced and available

without cost and can be composted as organic fertilizer. The average chemical NPK

composition of processed goat manure is 1.09%, 0.74% and 1.61% respectively (DA RFU I

Soils Lab).

With the high cost or inorganic fertilizers and the side effect towards soil degradation,

the emerging allied enterprise is the production of “green gold” organic fertilizer from goat

manure or as an excellent culture media for earthworms to produce vermin compost.

Institutionalization and Sustainability Efforts

The project employed participatory governance that is the involvement of the stakeholders

in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and feedback systems of the

project. It was presented to the Local Chief Executive before the start of the project

implementation with the strong support from the “Sangguniang Session,” in support of the

project even after the phasing out of the project. Advocacy and communication on the results

of the project are being shared or given back to the LGU and the community.

As a consequence of these development initiatives and concerted efforts of all stakeholders,

the goat was considered No. 1 commodity by the Regional Development Council. Farmers and

other industry stakeholders also participated in investment forum and technical lectures. The

holding of annual municipal goat festival in Balungao, Pangasinan attended by a thousand

participants is the fastest mode of disseminating the positive social impact of the project.

Access to Market Center and Improved Marketing Scheme. The establishment of Balungao

Goat Breeding Center, Bayambang Goat Multiplier Farm and Manaog Multiplier Farm, the

conduct of goat festivals/goat show is the yardstick of institutionalization efforts of the project.

Linkages were established and promoted; complementation and cooperation among different

institutions are strengthened as well as the strong partnership among the local institution and

the project implementers. With the institutionalization of marketing scheme, goats are now

sold at Php 150.00 to Php 250.00 per kilo liveweight for slaughter goats enterprise. From 1,000

-1500 per head, farmers now dispose their goat at Php 2,500 – 4,000 per head depending on

body weight. An increase of 60% to 62.5% is the present selling price of upgraded goats for

slaughter purposes.

Teamwork. “Together Each Achieve More.” The good working relationship among all

stakeholders is considered a significant factor in the good implementation and sustainability of

the project. On top of these, LGU capacitating and empowerment is the key to sustain the





development efforts and institutionalization of project activities. Moreover, each had shared

oneself to give unconditional love of work and honest service, which is the thing of most worth.

When everybody works as a team, the realization and success of the project can be achieved.

We have considered that “With God all things are possible.” Mark 10:27 and as always. “Our

sufficiency is from God Yahweh.” 2 Cor. 3:5.

Farmers’ Testimonies

As manifested in their testimonies, the farmers gained more knowledge and skills on the

innovative goat production systems empowering to have a sustainable goat enterprise. Their

internal and social competence and testifies that the project was not just promoting science-

based technologies but enabling them to become goat entrepreneurs adopting the core and allied

enterprises. In the event of climate change, raising goats reduce the risks associated with crop

failure due to drought and flood. They expressed their thanks that with the “mobile herd of

goats” smart cash can be derived as a significant economic contribution of the project in a

shorter period. Furthermore, farmer partners refrained now in obtaining loans with high

interest, and they will not mortgage their next crop harvest. Farmer partners who were severely

affected by Typhoon Kabayan and Nona reported that the only living assets they can dispose

of were their stocks to support their financial needs in a time of crisis. They further testified

that within the project, intensifying goat enterprise development play an important role in

poverty reduction, its effects in the environment can be adequately managed and that it can

serve as a sustainable livelihood for small hold farm families.

5. Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusions

As an outcome of the findings presented in the discussions, the following conclusions are

drawn:

1. Participatory governance of the LGU, through the participatory approaches, empowered

this study.

2. Strategies and modalities are effective and potent tools in technology piloting, transfer,

and commercialization of technologies.

3. Capacity building is an important social preparation in any technology transfer systems.

S&T interventions through participatory approaches, capacity building strategies

enhanced farmers’ skills and knowledge, adoption, and utilization of technology options

improved personal, social competence and farmer transformation. It enhances

entrepreneurship capability and organized marketing strategies.

4. Project elevates the holistic change of farm families/association thru attitude innovation

of virtues (hope, enthusiasm, perseverance, patience and faith) that eventually moulds

the character of emerging goat entrepreneurs and development-oriented community





leaders Sustainability and institutionalization of development projects is best addressed

through strong partnerships, counter-parting, and complementation agreements, and

must be LGU-based project.

5. The project opened up real opportunities for sustainable rural farmers to engage in

meaningful and profitable goat-based enterprises covering more geographical areas,

expanding focal sites involving more farmers and targeting more beneficiaries (OFWs,

displaced overseas workers, retirees, soon-to-retire employees, existing goat raisers, and

other interested livestock entrepreneurs).

6. The project is not just about science-based goat raising but more of promoting viable

goat-based enterprises in the rural areas.

5.2 Recommendations

Upscale the project to more expansion areas in Region 1 and to other regions following the

participatory modality with continuous dissemination and promotion of innovative goat

production technologies goat-based and allied enterprises to attain sustainable rural enterprise

development in goat production. Strong partnership and linkages should be sustained and

strengthened, and counterpart-funding with the LGU and other stakeholders be

institutionalized.

References

Alo, A.M.P. 2004, Developing and testing of an integrated approaches to sustainable parasite control in

small ruminants with farmers in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Worm Control for Small

Ruminants in Tropical Asia. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research.

Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. 2011 Livestock and Poultry Industry Situation Report.

Brown, E.O., Alo, A.M.P., Cruz, E.M., Venturina, V.M., Villar, E.C., Gabunada, Jr., F.G. and Lambio,

E.T. 2003. Financial analysis of the basket of technology options for goat worm control. Paper presented

during the 2003 Philippine Society of Animal Science National Convention. Heritage Hotel, Metro

Manila.

CASREN Philippines. 2003. CASREN capability building modalities proving effective. CASREN

Philippines Newsletter. Volume 2, No.1, March 2003. p.5.

Cruz, EM. 2005. There’s Money in Goat Upgrading. Animal Husbandry and Agricultural Journal. 2006,

p 34.

Datuin, JM, Pastor CB, Bueno JP, Viloria SA, Cruz LT., Adame FA, Abrenica LM, and Cerbito WA.

UPRED/RED Project. Terminal Report 2009-2011.

Datuin, J.M., Domenden, N.D., Ronduen, B.O., Quinit, E.M., and Bugaoan, J.C. 2006. Enhancing

smallhold goat production in Region 1.Animal Husbandry and Agricultural Journal.2006, 11 p. Technical

Paper during the National Symposium on Agriculture and Resources Research and Development,

November 10, 2005, PCARRD Anniversary.

Orden, E.A., Villar, E/C., Porciuncula, F.L., Domingo, S.N., and Antalan, R.V. Jr. 2005. Performance

and profitability of goats as influenced by CASREN interventions in lowland rainfed areas of Pangasinan.

Philippine J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2005. 31(1): 179-188.

PCARRD, 2003.Improving crop-livestock production systems in rainfed areas of Southeast Asia. A

country report of the Philippines (Progress Report). PCARRD, Los Baños, Laguna.

Philippine Statistics Authority. 2016 Goat Industry Performance Report.





Venturina, V. M., Alo, A.M.P., Gabunada, Jr., F. G., Cruz, E. M., Villar, E. C., Lambio, E.T and Brown,

E.O. 2003. Effect of participatory technology development of farmer’s changing pattern of worm control

in goats. Paper presented during the 2003 Philippine Society of Animal Science National Convention,

23-24 October 2003. Heritage Hotel, Metro Manila.

technology commercialization on slaughter goats …...farmer can engage in, as it requires low...

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