TECHNICAL AREAS

There are 4 technical areas that we are working on:

• 1.Camerawork.Camerawork can be used to represent characters in a variety of ways:

· High/low angels/tilts to show dominance/inferiority.

· Point of view/over the shoulder to encourage the audience to identify with the character.

· Camera movement to suggest the character is fast paced and energetic, or chaotic, anxious...

· Two shots to emphasize the relationship between characters.

· Zoom for emphasis.

· Close-ups to show emotions/reactions.

· Long/Establishing shots to show setting/costume.

Shots:Establishing/Extreme shot : Shot showing the location the scene is taking place.

Master shot: Shot showing where characters/objects are positioned in a scene.

Close-up: Showing someone from the shoulders up.

Mid-shot: Showing someone from the waist up.

Long shot: Showing someone from head to toe.

Wide shot: Showing a wide view of the scene.

Two-shot:A shot showing two people.

Aerial shot: Shot filmed from the air.

Over the shoulder shot: Shot take it from the shoulder of the person that is talking.

Angles:

High angle: The camera looks down on someone.

Low angle: The camera looks up at someone.

Canted angle: The camera is at a slanted angle.

Movement:

Pan: The camera move from side to side.Tilt: The camera moves up and down.Track: The camera follows a person or object.Crane: The camera moves up or down on a crane.Steadicam: The camera is strapped to camera operator’s body creates a gliding effect.Hand-held: A shaky handheld effect.Zoom: The camera zooms in or out.Reverse-zoom: The lenses zooms in or out whilst the camera moves in the opposite direction, creates the impression that the background is constantly moving.

2.Editing.

Can be used to construct representations by:• The pace of editing (fast paced –young, energetic, slow-old)• Contrasting characters or settings (crosscutting, shot/reverse

shot)• Creating links between characters or settings.• Showing us what a character is looking at.• Showing us what a character is thinking about (cutting,

superimposition)

Cutting: The process where one shot is replaced on screen immediately by the next.

Shot/reverse shot: Cutting back and forth between people in a conversation.

Eyeline match: Cutting to show what a character is looking at.

Graphic match: A similar shape or colour linking two consecutive shots.

Action match: Cutting to show another angle of the scene.

Dissolve: One shot fades out as the next shot fades in.

Superimposition: One image is placed on top of another image.

slow motion : A way of showing pictures from a film or television programme at a slower speed than normal.

Long take: A single continuous shot that does not cut for an unusual length of time. (e.g. Over a minute)

Fast paced/slow paced editing: When the editing is fast paced the action will cut rapidly from shot to shot with each shot lasting only a few seconds. Slow paced editing will involve limited cutting from shot to shot.

3.Sound .Can represent social groups in a range of way:• The language and accent of a character.• Use of music can tell you about the character.• Ambient sounds can tell you about the setting.• Diegeticà Sound originating from a source in the scene, e.g. dialogue.• Non-diegeticà Sound added in postproduction, e.g. background music.• Sound motifà A sound of piece of music associated with a character, place or

theme (like the JAWS).• Sound bridgeà Sound linking the end of one scene and the beginning to the

next.• Dialogueà Words spoken by actors.• Voiceoverà Dialogue spoken by an unseen character over related images.• Direct addressàWhen the actor speaks directly to the camera.• Sound mixà The way in which the different sounds in a scene are mixed

together.• Ambient soundà Background noise.

4.Mise-en-scene.

Is very important to representations:• What a character wears.• Where the scene is taking place and how it

appears.• Props can signify information about

characters.• Lighting connotes certain meanings about

characters.

Location:Where the scene takes place.

Set design: How the setting is designed.

Costume: Clothes worn by the actors.

Props: Objects used in the scene.

High key lighting: Bright lighting.

Low key lighting: Dark lighting.