technical research & development in bureau of sewerage, tmg · technical research &...
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Technical Research & Development in
Bureau of Sewerage, TMG1. History of R&D
2.Technical R & D Promotion Plan
3. Introduction of Recent Technologies
1 History of R&D of sewerage in Tokyo
Why dose Bureau of Sewerage need to carry out R&D ?
• In the beginning of over 100 years history of sewerage in Tokyo, for the purpose of control of epidemics, public official servants designed, constructed and maintained sewer for themselves.
• Many technologies, planning and designs of sewer were introduced from Europe.
kanda Sewer
Kanda sewer was constructed in 1884.
The activated sludge process
• The activated sludge process was discovered in 1913 in the UK by two engineers, Edward Arden and W.T. Lockett, conducting research for the Manchester Corporation Rivers Department at Davyhulme Sewage Works.
Japanese public official introduced the activated
sludge process from UK and improved it to suit
Japanese conditions.
Trickling filter in 1910’s
Activated sludge process
with mechanical aerator in 1930’s
Oldest WWTP in Japan
Mikawshima WWTP in Tokyo
Mikawashima WWTPImportant national cultural asset
59
Park above Mikawashima Treatment Plant
• Bureau of sewerage started about 50 years ago.
• Before then, it was one of division of Bureau of Waterworks.
• R&D section started about 40 years ago.
Technical needs in sewerage in Tokyo is very
unique because of the concentration of human
activity,economic activity, cultural activity and
building,social infrastructure.
For example, the site for wastewater plant is so
narrow that we developed Double-decker
Sedimentation Tank and Deep Aeration Tank .
Double-decker Sedimentation Tank
and Deep Aeration Tank
• For another example, No-dig method or method without excavation
There were already many lifelines such as water supply pipes, electric cables and gas lines under ground of the narrow road, it was difficult to construct sewer with open cut method in Tokyo.
So we improved no-dig method like pipe jacking method and shield tunneling method.
These technologies were developed in Europe.
• The first successful tunnelling shield was developed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel, and patented by him and Lord Thomas Cochrane in January 1818. Brunel and his son Isambard Kingdom Brunel used it to excavatethe Thames Tunnel, beginning in 1825 (though the tunnel would not be opened until 1843).
Compact shield method
Shield machine
Rotating cutter head Shield concrete segment
• Now private companies have advanced technology in restricted field of sewerage, but they did not understand all sewerage system.
• So private companies do not understand technical needs correctly.
• But they have technical seeds.
On the other hand, we, public official servants, understand sewerage system syntheticallyand residents’ needs and technical needs.
So we need to collaborate with private company and universities in order to promote R&D by adjusting technical needs and seeds.
2.Technical R & D Promotion Plan
1 Principle (Goal) of R&D
①Solution to the imminent problem
②Focusing on the future problems, carving out a new future, and promoting technical development to prepare for the future
③Fostering vitality of the sewerage work and industrial power
• 2 Methods &Means of R&D
Methods
Promotion of
specific
research
Promotion of
joint research
with private
enterprises and
universities, etc.
Drawing up
Technical
Research &
Development
Promotion Plan
Means
Utilization of
“Sewerage
Technical
Research and
Development
Center”
Utilization of the
facilities of the
Tokyo Bureau of
Sewerage for
demonstration
experiment, etc.
Transmission of
information
about the
problems
Reinforcement
of cooperation
with industrial,
academic and
public sectors
Industrial
academic Public
• Ⅱ Technical Research & Development Methods
Research
• 1.Independent research • Research carried out directly by the Bureau or
through consignment to consultants, etc.
• 2.Joint research• Joint research with private enterprises,
universities, etc.
•
Joint Research
Joint research Topic
proposer
Cost
burden of
research
content
Open-type Sewerage
Bureau
Bureau &
private
enterprise
Tokyo Sewerage Bureau comes up with the topic of research, evaluates and
selects the enterprise for research from the applicant private enterprises.
Know-how + field
offer type
Private
enterprise
Private
enterprise
・Private enterprise proposes at research and development stage, bringing
commercialization into view.
・The Bureau provides the know-how, site and facilities in addition to the
experimental materials such as sewage (wastewater), etc.
Simple offer type Private
enterprise
Private
enterprise
・The test and research stage of the private enterprise and the technology
involving simple skill and improvement and ending in less than one year.
・The Bureau provides the know-how, site and facilities in addition to the
experimental materials such as sewage, etc.
Sewerage Technical Research and Development Center
Since the sewerage works are exclusively operated and managed by the local governments, the research institutes belonging to private enterprises and universities have fewer chances of conducting experiments and verification tests using the actual fields.
Laboratory
Experimental
field
Experimental
plant
The Sewerage Technical
R&D Center was
established in Sunamachi
Water Reclamation
Center in July 2008 as a
new development base to
carry out integrated
technical development for
wastewater treatment
and sludge treatment
with praivate companies
and universities.
Sewerage in the Ward Area
Technical Research & Development Assessment,
In introducing the newly developed technology or new methods
and machines, the Technology Assessment System is
appropriately used, with the assessment of the result after
using the new technology and ex-post evaluation carried out by
exterior council members.
1 The Engineering Management Committee
2 The Engineering Study Committee
3 New Engineering Committee.
Open type,
know-how + field
offer type
・ simple offer
type
About effectiveness
and fairness when
determining the new
technique (method),
new materials and
new machines
Examining organization
Technical assessment:
Evaluation for
commercialization
Review of the theme for
research and development
・Technical assessment
・Evaluation for commercialization and adoption
Technical assessment:
Evaluation for adoption
Ex-post evaluation of
developed technology
※
※
※Referred to New Engineering Committee if found necessary
Improvements
needed
Improvement
measures
endend
Review of the theme for research
and development
New Engineering Committee Examining organization (Exterior
members)
)
Joint research
Engineering Study
Committee (Division
or Department)Engineering M
anagement Committee
Flow of assessment of newly developed technology, etc.
Technical Research & Development Themes
Mutual relationship among technical development themes
High efficiency of business
(work)
Comfort
improvements
・Maintenance
and management
technology
②Wastewater treatment
and sludge treatment
facilities
① Pipeline infrastructure
Construction
technology
Effective use of resources
countermeasures against global
warming:
Global warming and
climatic changes
【Measures for adaptation to the effect and risk of climatic
changes】
(sludge, solar light, etc.)
・Utilization of renewable energy sources
・Energy saving
・Measures for reducing greenhouse gas
【[Easing measures for global warming and climatic changes]
・Countermeasure against
immersion
(agricultural support through
phosphor recovery, etc.)
・Recycling of sludge
・Reutilization of treated water
Water, food and energy
problems
・Countermeasure against trace
materials and pathogenic organism
・Rebuilding of the aged facility
・Countermeasure against earthquake
disaster
・Countermeasure
against immersion
Safety
improvements・Advanced treatment
・Combined sewer improvements
・Countermeasures against ambient
environment
Contribution to global
environment conservation he lines and arrows in the fig. connect the items with closer relation.
Re-utilization of treated water
(Drought management)
3 Introduction of Recent
Technologies according to R&D Theme
Effective use of resources
The treated wastewater is reused for various usage such as toilet flushing water, water for street watering to prevent heat island phenomenon, restoration water for stream and river, washing and cooling water in wastewater treatment facilities and so on.
• Record of water volume for FY2007 (m3/day)
• Toilet flushing water, etc.(reclaimed water)
• 9,134
• Stream restoration(reclaimed water)
• 99,646
• Water for cleaning roads, etc. (reclaimed water)
• 2,295
• Water for in-house use in the Bureau (treated water)
• 389,366
• Total volume of re-used water
• 500,441
• ( 9.3 %)
technology producing Reclaimed water
• ozon-resistant membrane
• Ceramic membrane filtration
Ozon-resistant membraneFilm Filter: PVDF(Poly Vinylidine DiFluoride)
(Treatment capacity: 4,300 m3/day)
Polyvinylidene Difluoride = PVDF
IUPAC: poly-1,1-difluoroethene
Fluorine resin with ozone-resistant
37
Circulating water
Filtered
water
Raw
water
H F
C C
H F n
-(CH2-CF2)n-
Ozone-resistant film filter through joint
research
38
Ozonation
Biofilm filtration
Treated wastewater
Ozone-resistant film
Raw water(Secondary treatment water)
Biofilm filtration
Ozonation
Microfiltration(100 nm)
Reclaimed water
(Shibaura Water Reclamation Center )
System applying ozone-resistant film filtration
The organic matters and ammonia
color and smell but also kills bacteria
the remaining turbidity and bacteria.
Ceramic film filtration
原水 膜ろ過水
膜ろ過水
膜ろ過水
支持層
分離層
Membrane filtered water
Membrane filtered water
Membrane filtered water
Source water
Separation layer
Support layer
Merits of the technology
Extension of membrane life and decrease in
ozone dosage are possible as ceramic is
originally more tolerant to ozone than high
molecule membrane.
For this reason, ceramic membrane which had
been actually applied in water purification
process for water supply was decided to be
applied for wastewater treatment.
原水処理水
処理水集水処理水集水
スリットスリット
処理水流路処理水流路
原水流路原水流路 支持層支持層分離層分離層
原水処理水
処理水集水処理水集水
スリットスリット
処理水流路処理水流路
原水流路原水流路 支持層支持層分離層分離層
原水処理水
処理水集水処理水集水
スリットスリット
処理水流路処理水流路
原水流路原水流路 支持層支持層分離層分離層
Application of ceramic-film filtration in the joint
research. Durability improvement and cost reduction will be
realized by use of Ceramic-film filtration.
Raw water
channel
Membrane filtered water
Separating
layerSupporting layer
Sourcewater
Membrane filtered water
filtered
water
catchment
slit
Comfort Improvement
1.Surface control equipment
Problems of combined sewer systems in wet weather
Wastewater
treatment plant
Problem of effluent loads
Debris such as floatables
Combined sewer
StormwaterSewage
Outlet
Overflow
weirIntercepting
sewer
Diversion chamber
Water Surface control equipment
~ Behavior of debris ~
Present Surface control equipment
Diversion
chamber
Debris
Sewage
intercepting
sewer
Control
plate
Spiral
motionGuide wall
Combined
sewer
Overflow
sewer
Overflow
weir
Technology of Removing Debris by Water Surface Control Equipment
Principle of water surface control equipment
~ Point: Utilize wastewater flow ~
Present Improved
Sewage Intercepting
sewerSewage Intercepting
sewer
• Video
Fluid Dynamics
• Karman vortex
Merits of water surface control equipment
・No need of power due to utilization of wastewater flow
・Easy maintenance due to simple structure
・Economical
We constructed about 300 equipments
Global warming countermeasure
• Development of a Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System using Thin-Film Solar Modules
The object of the technology is to lower greenhouse gas emissions due to reduction of the electric power generated from fossil fuels at the Water Reclamation
Centers.
thin-film solar cell modules mounted on a uniaxial tracking type pedestal
(1kW generation)
Aa Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System
• Research targets were met last year, and it can
be concluded from this small-scale experiment
that solar power generation can be one of the
new technologies introduced to sewerage
systems.
• This year, we install and test an expanded 500kW solar photovoltaic generation system at Water Reclamation Centers, researching any issues with the high voltages that couldn’t be verified with the smaller system.
Sludge carbonization plant
Safety Improvement
1.SPR method
2.Float less method
Deteriorated sewer in small diameter
Deteriorated trunk sewer
The length of sewer constructed each year
20001900
WorldWar Ⅱ
Approximately 13% of sewer, or 2,000km
have exceeded a durable life 50 years old.
Sewer Pipe Renewal method
Before after
Workers can work with wastewater running in the sewer.
polyvinyl chloride profile
Liquefaction allowed this sewer to float upward (Niigata earthquake)
“Float less method” to prevent manhole floating upward due to earthquake.
Mechanism of Manhole floating upward
■Loose saturated unconsolidated soils stay by shear
stress of each granules of soil
Mechanism of Manhole floating upward
■Loose saturated
unconsolidated soils
consolidate due to the
earthquake.
■ The water trapped
in the batch of sand
cannot escape.→
Pore water pressures are
increasing
Mechanism of Manhole floating upward
→Effective stress of
soil is decreasing
■The shear strength of the
soil reduces to 0.
Loose soil(sands) go from a
solid state, reach a liquefied
state
Mechanism of Manhole floating upward
■After earthquake , soil(sand) is sinking .
→ Manhole is floating more upward
[Valve reducing excess pore water pressure]
Concept of Float less Method
excess p
ore w
ater
pressu
re
excess p
ore w
ater
pressu
re
Valve
Concept of Float less Method
2009/12/3 67
Metal meshPlate pressured by water
Socket
Pressure adjustment nail(3@120°)
valveSand
inside
Side wall of manhole
Concept of Float less Method
2009/12/3 68
valveSand
inside
Side wall of manhole
, excess
pore water
pressure
The result of experiment
2009/12/3 69
In case of float less method
No measure
Plan of introduction of Float less Method
• We will introduce Float Less Method
to the manhole under main road.
The planned length is 500km,
the planned number of manhole is 2000 by 2009 fiscal year.
Now we are introducing this method to existing manhole rapidly.
Transition of customers from abroad
その他 その他
その他
その他 その他 その他その他
中国中国
中国
中国 中国
中国
中国
大韓民国 大韓民国
大韓民国
大韓民国大韓民国
大韓民国
大韓民国
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19
人数
アメリカタイ
クロアチア
フィリピンマレーシア インド
国数
タイ
100
80
61 ヵ国
103 105
79
87
60
40
20
65
42
Korea
China
Thailand
2006 2007
Thank you for your attention