technical manual - pe probe

CULTURE,NATURE,FUTURE.

TECHNICAL MANUAL CORK CONSTRUCTION & DECORATION MATERIALS

ManualRevestimentosApcorING.indd1 11/7/1112:31PM

01 .PREFACE 7

02 .USE OF CORK IN CONSTRUCTION AND DECORATION 9

02.1 Introduction 1102.2 Green Building 1102.3 Use of Cork in Construction 1302.4 Cork products 13 02.4.1 Pure Expanded Agglomerate 13 02.4.2 Compound Agglomerate 15 02.4.3 Cork Compound with Rubber 15 02.4.4 Other Cork Compunds 16 02.4.5 Granules 16

03 .USE OF CORK IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 19

3.1 Insulation in Inclined Roofs 203.2 Insulation of Flat

and Metallic Roofs 213.3 Façade Insulation 213.4 Insulation of Indoor Walls 23 3.4.1 For Insulation

of Walls (air cavities) 233.5 Covering

for Indoor Walls 253.6 Floors 25 3.6.1 Floating Flooring 27 3.6.2 Glue-down Cork Flooring 27

04.REFERENCE PROJECTS 29

4.1 Portugal Pavilion at Hannover Expo 2000 30

4.2 Quinta do Portal Warehouse 304.3 Portugal Pavilion at the

Shanghai 2010 Expo 314.4 Sagrada Família 314.5 Matrix, Vision 450 324.6 Green House Hotel 324.7 Nezu Museum 334.8 Aveda Frederic’s Institute 33

05.TRENDS AND OTHER USES FOR CORK 355.1 Other Uses 36 5.1.1 Acoustic and Vibration Insulation

for Machinery 36 5.1.2 Automotive Industry 36 5.1.3 Cork Powder 37 5.1.4 Aerospace Industry 37 5.1.5 Conduits 37 5.1.6 Solvents 38 5.1.7 Pharmaceutical Industry 38 5.1.8 Design 38

06.TECHNICAL PRODUCT SHEETS 40

07.BIBLIOGRAPHY 47

08.CONTACT 49

CONTENTS


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CULTURE,NATURE,FUTURE.

Corkisa100%natural,sustainableandrecyclablematerial.CorkoakshaveauniqueabilitytoabsorbC02fromtheatmosphere.Itisestimatedthatthecorkoakforestscanabsorbupto14milliontonsofCO2peryear.

High-techmaterialsfortheaerospaceindustry,polymercompoundsforthetransportsector,top-levelsportsequipment,benchmarkarchitectureanddesignworksarejustafewexamplesofhowcorkisusedwhichdemonstratestheversatilityofthiscomplexmaterial.

Thecorkoakforestisoneofthe35globalbiodiversityhotspotsandahabitatforsomeofthemostendangeredspeciesontheplanet.Ithelpstocontrolerosion,regulatesthehydrologicalcycleandcontributestofightingdesertificationandglobalwarming.

Sincethereisnofuturewithoutpeople,thecorkindustryisatrulysocial,envi-ronmentalandeconomicpillarforthemillionsofinhabitantsofthewesternMediterraneanbasin.Thankstothecorkoakforestandproductsmadefromcork,itispossibletoshowthatsustainabledevelopmentmaynotbeautopia.

Biodiversity Hotspot Added Value

Corkhasprotected,inspiredandfascinatedmankindforthou-sandsofyears.Thediscoveryofcork’spotentialandexcellencehasledtovariousindustriespassingthisknowledgeonfromgenerationtogeneration,with-outcuttingdownasingletree.

Corkhasbeenthepreferredwineclosureforcenturiesandischosenbyover70%ofwinemakersworld-wide,forapproximately12billionbottlesproducedannually.

Synonymous withGood Wine

Knowledge passed from Generation to Generation

100% Environmentally Friendly

Innovation, Technology and Quality


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Manycorkoaksgrowingtogethercreatewhatisknownasthe“Montado”corkforests,anamegiventotheminthe14thcenturythatreferstothebiodiversityfoundinthisenvironment,sincetheterm“montado”inPortuguesereferstoanimalsthatcanbe“mounted.”

TheMontadoisessentiallydistributedamongsouthernMediterraneanandNorthAfricancountries;yetitisPortugalthatholdsthegreatestconcentrationwithover30%oftheworld’stotal.

Thecorkoakisaspontaneousspeciesthatcurrentlyoccupiesanareagreaterthanone-thirdofPortugal’sterritory(around730thousandhectares),butitismostlyconcentratedinthesouth,inAlentejo.

TheMontadoishometoanendlessvarietyofanimalandplant

speciesandhasgreatlycontributedtomaintainingaregularhydrologiccyclewhileprotectingthesoilandpreventingdesertification.

ItisalsoimportanttonotethattheMontadohelpscapturecarbondioxide(CO2),thegasresponsibleforglobalwarming,byholdingupto14milliontonsofCO2peryear.

Corkisfurtherclassifiedasaneco-efficientmaterialwithalifecyclewherewastefromthemanufacturingprocessisreusedasbiomasstoproducenewproducts.Duringthecorkproductionprocess(asinthecaseofthepureexpandedcorkagglomeratewhichrequiresonlysteamfromheatedwaterasameansofagglutinatingthegrainswithouttheneedforchemicaladditives,)nowasteisreleasedintotheenvironment.Infact,eventhecorkpowderproducedfromthesystemisusedasbiomassinproducingsteamorelectricenergy.

Cork is the material that covers the trunks and branches of the cork oak (Quercus suber L.), a tree related to the oak, which is the only tree capable of naturally regenerating its bark after it is removed. Cork is harvested by experienced professionals at intervals of nine years, which causes no damage to the tree. It is not necessary to fell the cork oak to obtain cork. 01.

PREFACE

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USE OF CORK IN CONSTRUCTION

AND DECORATION.

Cork has unique features that make it an excellent material for use in Construction and Decoration. It is 100% natural, a renewable resource, and has notable physical properties, such as: thermal, acoustic, and anti-vibration insulation. It is moreover notable for its low weight, elasticity and impermeability to liquids and gasses.

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02.1 - IntroductionCorkhascometobewidelyusedinconstructionasamaterialforproducingparquetstylefloor,wallorceilingcoverings,expansionjoints,aircavityfillings,refrigeratorchambers,heatingandairconditioningtubecoverings,andmachinefoundationsthatabsorbvibrationsandnoise.Thus,awell-insulatedbuildingprovidesgreatercomfortandisthereforemoreenergyefficient,resultingingreatersavings.

Regardingitsuseinindustrialareas,especiallywhenusedasinsulation(forimprovingmachineperformanceandpreventingwasteofenergyandwear),itsubstantiallyincreasestheyieldofworkerswhoaregivenamorepleasantworkingenvironment.

Inrecentyears,duetohealthandenvironmentalproblemsfoundinconnectionwiththeproductionanduseofcertainproducts(i.e.asbestosfibersandchlorofluorocarbonsorCFCs,whichareusedasagentsforexpandingcertainplasticandureia-formaldahydefoamcellsandmayreleaseirritants),thereisarenewedinterestinthermalinsulationsolutionsthatuseapureexpandedagglomerate,especiallyincountriessuchasAustria,Switzerland,Germany,theUnitedKingdom,Italy,andRussia.

Everyyearnewcork-basedproductscomeontothemarket,suchasnewflooringcollectionswhicharevisuallysimilartoothermaterials(wood,leather,stone,etc.);productswithdifferenttextures(smoothorwavy)invariouscolorsandsizesthatallowforacombinationofflooringsfromdifferentcollectionstomakedecoratingeasier;andproductsforuseonwalls,inavarietyofcolorsandtextures.

02.2 - Green BuildingAlthoughawarenessofclimatechangesareevolving,intheconstructionindustrythereisacontinuedneedtousetheprinciplesofEcologicalArchitecture-atypeofarchitectureaimedatimprovingEnvironmentalquality,reducingthenegativeimpactofbuildingsontheEcosystem,andcontributingtoadherencetoguidelinesthroughprotocolsandInternationalTreaties.

Accordingtostatisticaldata,theconstructionindustryhasasignificantimpactontheEnvironmentandsoinanefforttominimizethisimpact,innovativeconceptsarebeingcreatedinNorthAmericaandEurope,amongstothers.

TheconceptofGreenBuildingisanothernewtrendthatisusedintheresidentialandcommercialsectorstosignificantlyreducenegativeimpactsontheEnvironmentandthepeoplelivinginit.

ThetermGreenBuildingwasbornfromagrowingconcernwiththehighrateofconsumptionofnaturalresources,suchaspowerandwater,andwithbuildinginthecontextoflargecities.

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Thisnewchainofthoughtisaimedatgainingphilosophicalintegrationinlookingatboththeefficacyofproductionmethods,andthesustainableuseofnaturalenergyresources,inanattempttocutoreliminatedefectsintheprocessofproducingandconsumingresources.

Inanefforttoextenduseofenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsinbuildingandminimizetheeffectsofheattransmissionbyconductioninbuildings,itisnecessarytoconsiderthethermalresistanceofbuildingelementsandincorporatenaturallyobtainedinsulationmaterials.

Corkcanplayanimportantroleinthisrespectsinceitisnotonlyanaturalproduct,butitsproductionprocessisextremelyenvironmentallyfriendly.Evencorkpowderisusedasbiomass.ItisharvestedmanuallyintheMontadoregionand,afterithasbeenusedforaparticularpurpose,corkcanbereusedandrecycled.

Becauseofitscharacteristics,pureexpandedagglomeratesheetshavebeenusedininsulationforroofs,walls,andoutdoorcoverings,inanefforttocontributetoreducingenergyconsumptionandthelossofheatintotheEnvironment.

Thecompoundagglomerateisusedinnewflooringconcepts,wallcovering,furnishingandotherapplicationsthatusecorkasameansofextollingitasamaterialcapableofadaptingtoandperformingitsfunctioninharmonywithothermaterials.

Thus,thegrowinguseofecologicalmaterialsissynonymouswithaphilosophyof“innovationgearedtowardsthefuture”whichnotonlycomplieswithEuropeanguidelinesandlaws,butcanalsobeusedinnewbuildingsortoremodeloldones.


02.3 - Use of Cork in ConstructionCorkisusedinConstructionasaresponsetothecurrentneedsforcomfortandtoenvironmentalconcernsforusinggreenmaterialsthatdonotharmtheEnvironment.

Corkcoveringsareoneofthemostcomfortableandrecommendedoptionsforflooringinanylivingarea,sincecorkworkstoabsorbthenoiseofimpactandimprovesqualityoflife.

Corkisnotableforbeingoneofthebestsolutionsintermsofhealthbecauseofitsresistancetohumidity.Peoplewhosufferfromallergiesandasthmaareadvisedtousecorkbecauseitdoesnotgatherstaticelectricity,andthereforedoesnotattractdust,pollen,orsmallfibers.

Anotheradvantageofthistypeofflooringisitsabilitytoregulateroomtemperatureasaresultofitsperformanceasathermalandacousticinsulator.Itprovidescomfortinplacesthatrequirespecialcaresuchasconferencerooms,theaters,movietheaters,commercialbuildings,hospitals,schoolsandkindergartensaswellasotherareasaimedatindividualwell-being.

Productsavailableonthemarketaremadeofoneoftwotypesofagglomerates:pureexpandedagglomerateandcompoundagglomerate,whichareproduceddifferentlyandhavedifferentfunctions.Theseagglomeratesalongwithothermaterialscanfurthercreatenewproductsanduses.

02.4 - Cork products

02.4.1 - PURE EXPANDED AGGLOMERATE

Pureexpandedagglomeratedcork,commonlyknownas“blackagglomerate”,usesfalcacork,virginorreproductioncork,asarawmaterial.Falcaisgroundupintogranules,placedinautoclavesandundergoexpansionbybeingexposedtosteamfromwaterheatedto350-370ºC.Thegranulesexudearesin(suberin),whichallowsforagglomerationwithouttheuseofanyforeignadditives.

Thusablockofexpandedcorkisobtainedwhich,afterstabilization,isrectifiedandcutintoplatesofvaryingthicknesses.

Expandedagglomeratedcorkisanexcellenttechnicalsolutionforvibration,thermalandacousticinsulation.Corkhasclosedcells,sotheporesarenotinterconnectedtoexterioropenings.Assuch,soundabsorptionisweak.However,blackagglomeratedcorkhasopenporesbetweenthegranulesofcork,asthegreaterthevolumefractionofthesepores,thelowerthedensityoftheagglomerate.Thisspecificfeaturehelpstoimprovetheabsorptionofsoundandmechanicalenergy.

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Initsroleasathermalinsulator,expandedagglomeratedcorkhelpstoprotectagainsttemperaturefluctuations,reducingenergylossandmoisturecondensationonthesurfaceofwallsandceilings.Inthefieldofacoustics,thematerial’sabsorptioncapacitycontributestothereverberationtimereductionaswellasreducesthetransmissionofsoundimpact.Thus,applyingagglomeratedcorktothefloororwallensuresthepartialortotalabsorptionofsoundenergyandhencereducesreflectedsound.Inaddition,expandedagglomeratedcorkcanbeappliedasavibrationbufferforlargemachines,reducingthevibrationtransmissiontothestructureandbuildingfoundation.

Corksmainfeaturesare:

1. 100%naturalandrenewableresource;2. Industrialprocesswithouttheuseofadditives;3. Densityof100-120kg/m3(standard);4. Excellentheattransfercoefficient–0.038/0.040W/mk;5. Goodacousticinsulation(aerialandpercussivenoises);6. Excellentmechanicalproperties;7. Excellentdimensionalstability;8. Behaveswellinfireandwhenitundergoescombustionit

doesnotemittoxicgasses;9. Practicallyunlimiteddurability,withoutlosingfeatures;10. Totallyrecyclableandreusable.

Corkisanaturalsolutionforsustainableconstruction.

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02.4.2 - COMPOUND AGGLOMERATEThemainrawmaterialusedincompoundor“whiteagglomerate”isobtainedbygrindingthewaste/byproductfromthemanufactureofcorkstoppers.Thesegranulesarebondedbyajointactionofpressure,temperatureandresin(syntheticorofplantorigin)andareproducedinsheets,blocksorcylinders.Byaddingresinsandadditivestechnicalagglomeratedproductswithdiverseapplicationsareobtained,including:

1. Intheelectricalindustry,asaninsulant;2. Inconstruction,asflooringandaswallandroofcoverings;3. Asanacousticandthermalinsulatorforwallandfloor coverings;4. Inexpansionjoints;5. Asafrictioncomponentandforpolishingcrystals;6. Officeequipmentandeducationalproducts;7. Onshoesolesandinserts;8. Inmanufacturingitems,especiallyhomewarearticles;9. Forfurniture,rigidpanelsandrigidpartsfordividers;10. Infishingbobbersandlifejackets;11. Forhockeypucks,golfandcricketballs;12. Forprotectionfromradioactiveisotopes;13. Forvalvesonwindinstruments.

02.4.3 - CORK COMPOUND WITH RUBBER Thisisacompoundagglomerateofcarefullyselectedcorkthatiscompressedwithrubber.Thismixcombinestheresilienceofrubberwithcork’spropertiesofmechanicalresistanceanddimensionalstability,whichresultsinaflexible,elastic,yetsolidproduct.Becauseofitsprecisionandresistance,itisusedinenginejoints,intheautomobileandnavalindustry,intheelectro-mechanicalindustry,andinmanufacturinganti-slipflooring.

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02.4.4- OTHER CORK COMPOUNDS

Corkiscapableofgeneratingawidevarietyofproductsgivenitsabilitytointegratewithothermaterialssuchasrubber,plastic,asphalt,cement,plaster,casein,resinsandglues,andotherproductsthatareintendedforspecificapplications.

Inadditiontobeinganenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialandeasilyrecyclable,thefiberobtainedfromcoconutstogetherwithexpandedagglomeratedcorkpresentsexceptionalacousticperformancesinthesubstantialreductionofimpactandair-bornesoundlevels.

02.4.5-GRANULES

Expanded (black)

Expanded(black)granulesarenaturalgranuleswiththermalandacousticcharacteristics.Theyareusedtofillemptyspacesinfloors,lightscreeds,interiordividingwalls,andforotherspecificuses.Thistypeofgranuleislight(60/65kg/m3)andcanbesuppliedindifferentsizes.

Non-expanded

Naturalcorkgranulescancomeinvariablegrain(granule)sizesandcanhaveadensity(orvolumemass)of40to100kg/m3ormore,dependingontheirquality.Theindustryusuallyprovidesgranulesinspecificsizesanddensitiesaccordingtouse.

Corkgranulesaretraditionallyusedtomanufactureagglomerates,forboththeconstructionmaterialsandcorkstopperindustries.However,therearemanyotheruseswherecorkgranulesareusedaloneoralongwithothermaterials,makingthemostofcork’sextraordinarycharacteristics.Corkgranulesareusedineverythingfromagriculturetoconstruction,environmentalprotection,energy,andthemilitaryindustry,andhavecountlessindustrialusesinareassuchasautomotives,electronics,chemicals,metalmechanics,andothers.

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USE OF CORK IN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION.

Thematerialsmadeofcorkcanbeusedinvariousdivisionsofthehouse,asinsulationorasadecorativewallandfloorcoveringelement.

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3.1 - Insulation in Inclined RoofsInthebuildingarea,thepureexpandedagglomerateorICB(InsulationCorkBoard)findsitsmost“sophisticated”useinthermalinsulationforterracecoverings,playingtheroleofathermalinsulantandsupportingthewater-proofingsystem.

Dimensionalstability,resistancetohightemperatures(neededforthesheetseithertoadheretothesupportbaseorforthewater-proofmembranestoadheretothesheets)andmechanicalcharacteristics(compressionandcohesion),whichcharacterizethepureexpandedagglomerateaccountforundeniableadvantages(image2)(seeinattachment–Product1sheet).

Underlaysanddecorativewithcork

FAÇADE

Thermalinsulationofdoublewalls

Façadecovering

FLOORING

Image 1 - 3D house with uses of cork

ROOF

WALL

Thermalinsulation

Acousticandthermalinsulationanddecorative

covering

InsulationusingtheETICSsystem

ATTACHMENT SHINGLE / TILE

WATERPROOFING

WOOD OR CEMENT SLATS

PURE EXPANDED AGGLOMERATESLAB

Image 2 – Use of pure expanded agglomerate in inclined roof insulation

Corkcanbeusedindifferentareasofahouseorbuildingasaninsulantorsimplyfordecoration.Image1providesanexampleofitsuses.

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3.2 - Insulation of Flat and Metallic RoofsInsulationofflatandmetallicroofsisaprocedurethatrequiresconsiderationofseveralfactors:thermalinsulation,reducedheattransfer,andprotectionagainstinfiltrationofwaterandhumidity(image3).

Inthecaseofmetallicroofs,pureexpandedagglomerateprovestobeanexcellentproductbecauseitisresistant,allowingforsecureinstallationmethodstobeusedthatmaketheroofresistanttowindaswellastrafficloads,especiallyduringtheconstructionphase.

Notonlycanitbearpermanentpressurewithouttheriskofdamage,pureexpandedagglomeraterepresentsanexcellentthermalinsulant,thuspreventingthesuddenvariationsintemperaturetowhichthissystemissubject,whileprovidingstabilityforwater-proofingsinceitslackofcapillaritymeansitdoesnotabsorbwater.

Pureexpandedagglomerateisusedforroofswherereducingweightresultsinimposition(roofswithresistantmetallicstructures),requiringuseofself-protectedwater-proofingmembranes,andmoreoveriftheyshowsignsoftheaforementionedadvantagesincomparisonwithotherthermalinsulants.

Onaccessibleterraces,thefeaturesfavorabletoacousticinsulationandinsulationfrompercussivenoises(peoplecirculating,objectsfalling)thatpureexpandedagglomeratepresentscanalsobeusedtogreatadvantage(seeattachment–Productsheet2).

Image 3 – Use of pure expanded agglomerate in flat roof insulation

3.3 - Façade InsulationThetransferofenergybetweentheinsideandtheoutsideisadeterminingfactorinabuilding’senergyperformance,regardlessofthetemperaturecontrolsystemthatisused.Thefirstdecisionisinchoosingbuildingsolutionsfortheoutsidecoveringthatareappropriateforthelocalclimate.

Inordertoreducethermalinsulationproblemsinbuildings,manyEuropeancountrieshavedevelopedinsulationsystemsforapplicationonfaçadeexteriors,whetherinretrofittingbuildings,wheretheverticalcoveringhastheaforementionedsymptoms(signsofunsatisfactorythermalinsulation,etc.),orinnewconstructions.Thesesystemsrepresentanexcellentsolution,bothforenergyconservationaswellasfromanoverallbuildingstandpoint.

OnepossiblesolutionforuseonexternalwallsisthermalinsulationofsimplewallsusingETICS(ExternalThermalInsulationCompositeSystem)adheredcoveringorusingthefaçade,acontinualornon-continualindependentcoveringattachedtopunctualsupports.Anothersolutionisthermalinsulationofdoublewallingusinginsulationthattotallyorpartiallyfillstheinsulantbox.

WATER-PROOFINGSTEAM BARRIER

STRUCTURE (CONCRETE OR WOOD)METALLIC ROOF

PURE EXPANDED AGGLOMERATE

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TheETICSsystempresentsahigh-qualitytechnicalsolutionthatischaracterizedby:

1. Reducedthermalbridges,whichtranslatesintoalessthick thermalinsulantthathasthesameglobalheattransfer coefficient;2.Lessriskofcondensation;3. Increasedthermalinertiainsidebuildings,sincemostofthewall

massisfoundinsideofthethermalinsulant.Asaresult,thermalcomfortisimprovedintheWinter(increasingtheusefulhoursofsunlight)andintheSummer,duetothecapacitytoregulatethetemperatureindoors;

4. Watersavingsduetothereducedneedtoheatandcooltheindoorenvironmentthroughthereducedgradientoftemperaturesthataresubjecttotheindoorlayersofthewall;

5.Allowsforthinneroutdoorwalls,increasedlivingarea;6.Lowerstheweightofwallsandpermanentloadsoverthe

structure;7. Increasedprotectionthroughoutthewallsfromweathering

throughatmosphericagents(thermalshock,liquid/water,solarradiation,etc.);

8.Improvedwater-proofingofwalls;9.Allowsforchangestothelookoffaçadesandplacementduring constructionwithoutdisruptingbuildingoccupants;10.Providesalargevarietyoffinishingsolutions.

ApplicationoftheETICSsystemincludesthefollowingphases:

1. Assemblyofsidesandpedestalprofiles;2. Gluepreparation;3. Glueapplication;4. Placementofinsulation,orpureexpandedagglomerateinthis

case;5. Reinforcementofsingularpoints;6. Applicationofthereinforcedbase;7. Applicationoftheprimarylayer;8. Applicationoffinalcovering

Thestandardsizeofpureexpandedagglomeratesheetsis1000x500mmandwithathicknessof30mmorgreater(dependingontheprojectspecifications).

Sheetsofpureexpandedagglomerateareusedbyattachingthemwithspecialglueplaceddirectlyovertheplaster,withorwithoutmounts,whichcanbeoverlappedorusesimpleapplication.Itcanalsobeapplieddirectlytostructures(wood,iron,oraluminum)(image4).

Photograph 1 – Prepared façade / insulated with cork for placement of ETICS finishing

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Furthermore,thermalinsulationforsimpleexteriorwallspreventsthermalbridges,allowingthenecessarythermalinertiainthewallstobeusedtomaintainamoreorlessconstanttemperatureindoors,regardlessofseason.

Theuseofpureexpandedagglomeratesheetsonthefaçadeasanexternalcoveringisalesscostlysolutionsincethermalinsulationappliedtodoublewallsusesonlypartofthewall’sthermalinertia,requiringcorrectionofthermalbridgesandmakingthewallsthicker,increasingtheweightonthestructureandthefoundations(seeattachment–Productsheet3).

3.4 - Insulation of Indoor Walls3.4.1 For Insulation of Walls (air cavities)

Theapplicationofpureexpandedagglomerateindoublewallinsulation(withaircavities)offersexcellentthermalinsulationoveralongperiodoftimeaswellasexcellentacousticcomfort.Doublewallswithaircavitiesaresusceptibletohumidityproblems,whichiswhyitisvitaltocreateatroughatthebottomoftheaircavity,overtheslab,exitingtotheoutside,thuscreatingventilationintheaircavitywhich,alongwiththebarriermadebythepureexpandedagglomerate,eliminateshumidityproblems(image5and6).

Image 4 – Use of pure expanded agglomerate on façades - ETICS

Adhesiveputty

Fiberglassnetwork

Masonry

Finalplaster

Pureexpandedagglomerate

Concrete

Adhesiveputty

Image 5 – Use of pure expanded agglomerate in wall insulation (with air cavity)

Masonry

Covering

Aircavity

Corkinsulation

Slab

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Inthermalinsulationfordoublewalls,sheetsofpureexpandedagglomerateareplacedinsidetheintermediatewallspace,totallyorpartiallyfillingit.

Totalfilling,whichiseasiertoperformattheconstructionsite,putstheagglomerateatriskofcomingintocontactwithwater,whichmayaccidentlyenterthroughtheoutsidesurfaceofthewall(orthroughcondensation).

Yet,thebestsolutionfromatechnicalandeconomicpointofviewistoinstalltheinsulantontheoutsideoftheinsidewall,betweenthesheetsofICBandtheoutsidesurface,thusmaintaininganairspacethatdrainsandisventilatedtotheoutside.OneofthewaysthatthermalinsulationcanbedonefromtheinsideconsistsofcombiningsheetsofICBwithsheetsofgypsumboardbyusingglue(cementglue,liquidnails,orspecialmortarsbyMapei,FassaBartolo,KaraKol,etc.)orbyusingmechanicalinstallation(usingthermalbushings),givingitmechanicalprotectionandmakingitresistanttofire(seeattachment–Productsheet4).

Image 6 – Use of pure expanded agglomerate in wall insulation

Masonry

Covering

Aircavity

Corkinsulation

Slab

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3.5 - Covering for Indoor WallsUsingsheetsofcorkagglomerateforindoorwallcoveringsisacurrentoptionthatallowsforimprovedconditionsofthermalandacousticcomfortinanyspace(image7).

Thematerialcanbesuppliedin3mmthicksheetsinnaturalstate(foron-sitefinishing)orwithvarnish,waxoroilsurfacetreatments.Asureinvestmentintermsofdesign,thesekindsofwallcoveringscanbechosenbasedonawideandthoroughrangeoflooks,allofwhicharebasedoncork(seeattachment–Productsheet5).

3.6 - FloorsInrecentyears,constructionprofessionalshaveincreasinglyusedcorkinordertotakeadvantageofitsexceptionalcharacteristics.Infact,corkfloorsareshockabsorbentandwillretaintheiroriginalshapewhenexposedtonormalcompression.Inaddition,theyreducenoiseduetothenaturalabsorptioncapacityofcork.

Corkfloorsarecomfortable,natural,ecological,hygienic,durableandeasytomaintain.Thefocusondesignandontheuseofthemostadvancedtechnologiesinthepreparationandtreatmentofsurfaceshasallowedforawidevarietyofavailabletextures,colorsandshapesthatfollowthetrendsinfashion.

Usingcorkbyitselforincombinationwithothermaterialssuchaswood,vinyl,andleatherprovidesawiderangeofelegantandsophisticatedlooksthatallowforthemostvariedenvironmentstobecreated,enrichedbytheuniquequalitiesofcork.

However,toobtainsatisfactoryresultsitisnecessarytounderstandthetypesofcorkflooringavailableincluding:

Bothareavailableinnaturalstate(foron-sitefinishing)orwithvarnish,waxoroil

finishes.

Decorativecorkwallcovering

Concrete

Adhesiveputty

Image 7 – Use of cork for internal wall coverings

FLOATING GLUE-DOWN

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3.6.1 - FLOATING FLOORING

Floatingcorkfloorsaremadeupofdecorativelayer,anagglomeratecorklayer,anintermediatelayerofHDF(anagglomerateofhigh-densitywoodfibers)andalowerlayerofagglomeratedcork.Thepanels,whichmayhavethicknessesvaryingfrom10to12mm,arecuttosizeandtheedgesaremilledtoaprofilethatallowsforthemechanicalinterlockingofthepanelswithouttheuseofglue.Thistypeofpavementisapplieddirectlyonthefloor,withoutbeingglued,hencethename“floating”.

Thisproduct’sbiggestadvantageisitseasyinstallationandthefactthatitcanbeusedoverexistingfloors(seeattachment–Productsheet6).

Image 8 – Composition of a floating cork panel

3.6.2 - GLUE-DOWN CORK FLOORING

Corkfloorsthataremeanttobeglued-downarecomposedofasinglesheet(dense)ofhigh-densityagglomeratedcorkoradecorativesheetofhighdensityagglomeratedcork.Thesheetsarecutintotilesofvarioussizes(600x300mmbeingthemostcommon,butalso300x300mm)anddifferentthicknessesrangingfrom3.2mmto6mm.

Tilesareusuallyalsosuppliedwithasurfacetreatmentthatmakesthemresistanttouse.Wheninstallingthisglue-downsystem,thesubfloorshouldbelevelandwaterproofed(seeattachment–Productsheet7).

Image 9 – Composition of a glue-down cork panel

SurfaceTreatment

CorkLayer

Agglomerate

HighDensityWoodFibers

HighDensityCorkAgglomerate

SurfaceTreatment

DecorativeCorkLayer

HighDensityCorkAgglomerate

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04.REFERENCE

PROJECTS.

04.1Portugal Pavilion in Hannover Expo 200004.2Quinta do Portal Warehouse

04.4Sagrada Familia

04.5Matrix, Vision 450

04.6Green House Hotel04.7Nezu Museum

04.8Aveda Frederic’s Institute

04.3Portugal Pavilion in Shanghai, China 2010

Cork and its use in construction have

increasingly captivated architects who have

used it as a choice and a reference when in

retrofitting buildings or creating new

projects. Here are a few examples.

ObservatoryCorkOakandCork|2001


Location - Coimbra-Portugal

Designed by - ArchitectsÁlvaroSizaVieiraandEduardoSoutodeMoura

Project - ThePavilionisanexhibitionspacethatwasconceptualizedforExpo2000inHannover,Germany.Today,itislocatedinCoimbraandisusedforculturalactivitiessuchasexhibitsandconcertssponsoredbytheCoimbraCityCouncil.

Use of cork - Sheetsofpureexpandedagglomerate(referenceMDFACHADA)andhigh-densitycork(around160kg/m3)sheets,areusedasexternalcoveringsonsomeofthefaçadesthatmakeupthebuilding.Thearchitects’aimwastoapplytheblackagglomerateinavisiblemannerforthefirsttime.

Location - Sabrosa-Portugal

Designed by - ArchitectÁlvaroSizaVieira

Project - TheQuintadoPortal,builtinthePinhãoRivervalley,joinstraditionwithinnovation.Itiswhereinternationallyaward-winningwinesareproducedandisspecialtotheDouroareaasasophisticatedwarehouseforaging.Theprojectwasdevelopedwiththeaimofincludingacellar,store,andauditoriuminjustonespace.

Use of cork - Theexternalcoveringmaterialschosenbythearchitectservedtointegratethebuildingintothelandscape.Amongthecoveringsusedintheconstructionofthisbuilding,thestone(schist)onthelowerpartandthepureexpandedagglomerate(referenceMDFACHADA)aboveitandfollowingtheentirefaçadestandout.

4.1 - Portugal Pavilion in Hannover Expo 2000

4.2 - Quinta do Portal Warehouse

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Location - Shanghai–China

Designed by -ArchitectCarlosCouto

Project - ThePortugalPavilionisanedgyprismshapethatisdividedintothreeinteriorzones:protocolroom,businesscenter,andthetechnicalarea.Itstheme:“Portugal,asquarefortheworld,Portugal,energiesfortheworld.”

Use of cork - ThePortugalPavilioninShanghaiusedpureexpandedagglomerate(referenceMDFACHADA)asacoveringmaterialonallofthebuilding’sfaçades.

4.3 - Portugal Pavilion in Shanghai, China 2010

Location - Barcelona–Spain

Designed by - ArchitectJordiBonetiArmengol

Project -ItisBarcelona’smostfamouscallingcardandoneofthemostvisitedmonumentsinthewholeworld,receivingmillionsoftouristseveryyear.TheSagradaFamília,createdbyCatalanarchitectGaudíandconsideredbymanytobehismasterwork,isaCatholictempleofimpressivegrandiositywhosearchitectureamazesanyonewhoseesit.

Use of cork -Corkflooringasacoveringmaterialchosenbythearchitect.Inadditiontothefeaturesthatmakeitcomfortableandvisuallyappealingtovisitors,cork’scapacityforacousticabsorptionwasadeterminingfactorinitsselectionasaflooringoption,averyimportantfeatureinaprojectofthiskind.

4.4 - Sagrada Familia

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4.6 - Green House Hotel

4.5 - Matrix, Vision 450

Location - CapeTown,SouthAfrica

Designed by -M&BArchitects&Interiors

Project - TheHollowonTheSquare,M&BHouseisthefirst“greenhotel”toopeninCapeTown,SouthAfrica.CreatedbyM&BArchitects&Interiors,itisbasedontheprinciplesofeco-efficiency.Allofitsdecorativematerialsreflectinspirationfromnaturalelementsandmakethespaceextremelycomfortableandwelcoming.

Use of cork - Asacovering,corkflooringwasusedinthecorridorson3floors,intheelevator,inthenorth-facingroomsonthe2ndand3rdfloorsandin10roomsonthe1stfloor.

Location - SouthAfrica

Designed by - MatrixYachts

Project - Thisprojectoftheinteriortransformationofatop-of-the-lineluxuryyachtwasdesignedbasedonthemostadvancedanddemandingconstructionstandards.Theexceptionallyspaciousandsophisticatedinteriorrevealsluxuriousdetailsandthebestinfinishings.

Use of cork - Thecorkflooringwasselectedinresponsetotheneedsofamarketsegmentthatisextremelydemandingintermsofbothaestheticsandtechnicalperformancelevels.

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4.7 - Nezu Museum

4.8 - Aveda Frederic’s Institute

Location - Tokyo-Japan

Designed by - ArchitectKumaKengo

Project - AfterbeingclosedforseveralyearsandnowundertheauthorityofJapanesearchitectKumaKengo,thenewmuseumisinspiredbytheconceptoftraditionalJapaneseharmony;aneffectgainedbyselectingmaterialsdevelopedinbalancewithNature.Thus,inthemuseumentranceandcentralhall,largewindowsopenontothemagnificentoutdoorgardensandinundatethespacewithlight.

Use of cork - Theadditionofcorkflooringgavethisspaceitsdesireddistinctionwhileprovidingacousticcomfortandanidealizedlook.

Location - Indianapolis-USA

Designed by - AvedaFrederic’sInstitute

Project - Bytakingontheroleofa“greenandenvironmentallyfriendly”building,thisrenownedinstituteofcosmetology,artsandscienceseducationmadeapointofusingrecycledorrecyclablematerialswhilekeepingtechnicalperformanceinmind.

Use of cork - Highlyresistanttoscratches,stains,andotherproblemsresultingfromintensiveuseaswellasanenvironmentallyfriendly,aestheticallyattractive,durable,andpracticalsolutioninapplicationandmaintenance,corkflooringfitinperfectlywiththespiritofAvedaFrederic’sInstitute. ©

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Although 90 percent of cork is used in the cork stopper and construction materials industries,

the use of this raw material does not stop there. It is increasingly common to find it used

in decorative and design items that beautify spaces, in garments and goods that are shown on

the runways, and in the aerospace, automobile and pharmaceutical industry. Cork continues to

be a subject of great discoveries and new uses.

There is a world to discover that fascinates investigators, scientists, architects, and

designers.

05.TRENDS AND OTHER USES FOR CORK.

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5.1 - Other Uses5.1.1.ACOUSTIC AND VIBRATION INSULATION FOR MACHINERY

Regardingcorkagglomerateformachinery,therearetwogeneralmethodsofapplicationthatarebothidealsolutionsforissuesofminorvibrationinmachinery.

Inthefirst,thefoundation’svolumeiscoveredinconcrete;next,sheetsofcorkwithsufficientdensityandthicknessareplacedandappliedusinghotpitch.Waterproofpaperisalsoappliedontopofthecorkusinghotpitch.

Inthesecondmethod,sheetsofcorkareapplieddirectlybetweenthemachinebenchandthefloororfoundationtowhichitisconnected.

Therearecountlessmachinesthatrequireinsulationagainstvibration,including:compressors,elevatorswithmotors,hydraulicpresses,looms,turbines,vises,generators,andengines.

5.1.2 - AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Althoughcorkisalreadyusedintheautomobileindustryinjoints(cylinderhead,gearbox,etc.)andonfloorsinpublictransportvehicles,corkproductshavebeenstudiedforuseinsideautomobiles,forstickers,onhandbrakehandlesandgearshifts,forcoveringthesteeringwheelanddashboardandsoon.OneexampleofitsinnovativeuseintheautomotiveindustryisintheF700modelfromMercedesBenz.

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5.1.3 - CORK POWDER

Corkpowderistheresidueproducedinthecorkindustry,whichcomesfromgrindingandmillingcork.Thepowderismostlyusedasaco-generatoroftheenergythatfeedsthefactories.Corkpowdercanalsobeusedinmanyapplications,suchasacleaningproductforparts,statues,andfaçadesexposedtoenvironmentalpollution.

5.1.4 - AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

AtypeofgranuleusedinNASArocketsismadeofcork.Thismaterialisusedintheboostersandactsasaninsulatingagentagainsthightemperatures.

5.1.5 - CONDUITS

Corkcanalsobeusedtocoverconduits.Itsuseneutralizesthetwomainenemiesofrefrigeratorinstallations,heatandhumidity,andpreventsthemfrompenetratingandallowsforcompletewaterproofingoftheinstallation.

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5.1.6 - SOLVENTS

Onewasteproductfrommanufacturingpureexpandedagglomerateissteamcondensationfromboilingcork.Thiscanbeusedinitsrawformtopreparesolutionsaswellasinsolventsthatareappliedtowood,grantingitgreaterdimensionalstability,greaterresistancetofungalgrowth,andprovidinginterestingcolorantsforcertainuses(i.e.furniture).Itcanalsobeusedinapplicationstoprotecttreestumpsandtrees.

5.1.7 - PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Corkresiduecanalsobeusedasaveryimportantrawmaterialinobtainingfinechemicalandpharmaceuticalindustryproducts.Afteritispurifiedandchemicallyseparated,compoundsareobtainedwithvarioususes,amongwhichisasavaccineadjuvant.Thereareevenstudiesonanti-cancertreatmentsandasaninsectrepellent.

5.1.8 - DESIGN

Byembracingecologicalandnaturalmaterialsmoreoften,architects,designersanddecoratorshavebeenrediscoveringcork,enablingthemtocomeupwithavarietyofdecorativeproductswithdifferenttextures,tones,andcolors,openinguparangeofoptionsforcreatingnewenvironments.

Design,style,trendinessandimagearekeyattributesincreatingaddedvalueforamaterialwithacenturies-oldtradition.

Thechallengeistocreativelyaddvaluetocorkinareasasdiverseasfurnishings,decoration,kitchenutensils,textiles,shoes,Hi-Techaccessories,toys,andmanyotherthings.


06.TECHNICAL

PRODUCT SHEETS


SHEET FOR PRODUCT 1 Insulation for inclined roofs

Size(mm)

Consideringthestandardsize

Size(mm)

Consideringthestandardsize

Asaprimarylayer,placementoflockingteethandapplicationofbrickstolockintheshingles.Secondstage:waterproofing–applicationofplastictoprotecttheroof.Nextstage,insulationwithapplicationofsheetsofexpandedcorkagglomerateand,asafinalizer,finishwithapplicationofshingles/tiles.

APPLICATION

Dimensional stability

Good resistance to compression

(flexible)

Density

100/ 120Kg/m3

Heattransfercoefficient

0,037/0,040 W/mK

1000 x 500 mmDoes not absorb water through

capillarity

(asspecifiedintheproject)


Thickness*30 mm or superior

30 mm or superior

Use in inclined roofs

Theexpandedcorkagglomerateisapplied,consideringthesteambarrierspace,underthemetalliccoveringfollowedbyawaterproofingproduct.

SHEET FOR PRODUCT 2

APPLICATION

Insulation of flat and metallic roofs

Dimensional stability

Good resistance to compression

(flexible)

Density

100/ 120Kg/m3

Heattransfercoefficient

0,037/0,040 W/mK


capillarity

Thickness*Use on flat Roofs

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*-Thethicknesses(mm)willdependontheheattransfercoefficientthattheenvironmentneeds.


SHEET FOR PRODUCT 3

30mmthickness

40mmthickness

50mmthickness1.0989 0.8620 0.7090

Kvaluefordifferentthicknesses

WALL CHARACTERISTIC

OrdinaryConcrete Thickness:25cm Dens.2,2t/mc λ=1.28W/m°C

Type“S”bricks Thickness:25cm λ=0.410W/m°C

Fullbricks Thickness:25cm λ=0.93W/m°C

Dublewood Thickness:25cm C=4.25W/m°C(Airspace)

Industrialsheet Thickness:25cm C=0.73W/m°C

K WITH INSULATION AGGLOMERATE THICKNESS

0.85

0.63

0.80

0.62

0.65

S= 3 CM

0.69

0.34

0.66

0.53

0.56

S= 4 CM

0.59

0.47

0.56

0.47

0.49

S= 5 CM

λ=thermalconductivitycoefficient|K=heattransfercoefficient|C=(I/C=K)conduction

Application on façade insulation

– ETICS System

Thickness

(20 a 50 mm) (55 a 160 mm) ±2mm*±1mm*

1000±5mm* 500±3mm*Size(mm)

Consideringthestandardsize*Toleranceofthemeasures *Toleranceofthemeasures

Façade Insulation – ETICS System

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Startbyassemblingfoundationandsideprofiles,andthenapplygluefollowedbyinsulation,whichinthiscaseispureexpandedagglomerate.Thisisfollowedbyapplicationofreinforcedbase(fiberglass-150/220kg),theprimarylayerand,finally,applicationofthefinalcovering.

Externalbuildingwalls.

APPLICATION

USE

Double wall (air cavity) insulation

SHEET FOR PRODUCT 4

Thedoublewallismadeupof:masonry(orconcrete)wall,corkagglomerate,mechanicalattachment,adhesiveputty,andfinalplaster.Thecorkagglomerateisattachedbyusingglues(cementglueorliquidnailsorspecialmortars)orthroughmechanicalattachmentusingso-calledthermalbushings.

Dividersorinternalwallsmadeofconcrete,brickorothermaterials.

APPLICATION

USE

*Thicknesses(mm)willdependonthethermalresistanceandtheheattransfercoefficientrequiredbytheenvironment.


capillarity

Size(mm)

Thickness*

30 mm or superior

Heattransfercoefficient Dimensional

stabilityGood resistance to

compression(flexible)

Density

100/ 120Kg/m3 0,037/0,040 W/mK

06.


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SHEET FOR PRODUCT 5 Use as a decoration for indoor walls

Floating floor

Attached floor

Thickness 3mm 300x300 / 600x300

06.

Wax,oil,varnish,orinanaturalstate(foron-sitefinishing)

Asadecorativematerialforindoorwallsinhomes,restaurants,bars,hotels,etc.

FINISHES

USE

SHEET FOR PRODUCT 6

Thickness 10 to 12 mm 900x300Sizes(mm)

Sizes(mm)

Thickness

3,2 to 6 mm 600x300 / 600x450 / 300x300

SHEET FOR PRODUCT 7

Oil,varnish,wax,vinyl,orinanaturalstate(foron-sitefinishing)

FINISHES

StandardDimensions(mm)(forfinishingwork)

Oil,varnish,wax,vinyl,orinanaturalstate(foron-sitefinishing)

AccordingtomanufacturerinstructionsFINISHES | APPLICATION

Thedimensionsvaryaccordingtothemanufacturer.



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07.BIBLIOGRAPHY

InstitutoNacionaldaPropriedadeIndustrial.AutilizaçãoeavalorizaçãodapropriedadeIndustrialnosectordacortiça.VolumeII.Dec.2005.

GIL,Luis.ManualTécnicoAPCOR.AcortiçacomomaterialdeConstrução.

Catalog.CortiçaNaturezanoseumundo.APCOR

PESTANA,Miguel.TINOCO,Isabel.AIndústriaeoComérciodaCortiçaemPortugalDuranteoSéculoXX.InstitutoNacionaldeInvestigaçãoAgrária/INRB,IP,2009.

I.M.GUERREIROSILVA,Joana.AutilizaçãodacortiçanaArquitecturatradicionalportuguesa.FinalexamforlicensureinPorto,2008/2009.

CALADOGaspar,Daniel.ArchitectureMasterThesis.InovaçãonaArquitecturaeDesempenhoAmbiental,2009.

FERNANDESLopes,Gonçalo.Civil

EngineeringMasterThesis,2009.IsolamentoActivoaRuídosdePercussãoemPavimentoFlutuante.

AMORIMRevestimentos.PavimentosdecortiçaWicanders.UniversidadeNovadeLisboa

SchoolofSciencesandTechnologyCoveringsTechnology,2005.

SALVADOR,Sofia.Inovaçãodeprodutosecológicosemcortiça.MechanicalEngineeringDepartment.InstitutoSuperiorTécnico,2001.

MAXIT–TecnologiasdeConstruçãoeRenovação,Lda.IsolamentoTérmicodefachadaspeloexterior.Porto,December2002.

WEBSITES

http://www.realcork.orghttp://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortiçahttp://www.miguelguedes.pt/

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ThemissionofthePortugueseCorkAssociationistorepresentandpromotethePortugueseCorkIndustryandproductsmadeusingcork.Ithas250membercompaniesthatareresponsibleforaround80%ofthenation’stotalproductionand85%ofPortuguesecorkexports.

APCORworkstoensurethatitsmembersadoptthebestinternationallyrecognizedproductionpracticestoproducehighqualitycorkstoppersforthewineindustryanditsconsumers.

APCORisresponsiblefordevelopingpromotionalandvalue-addingactivitiesforcorkbycarryingoutinitiativesthataredomesticandinternationalincharacter,moreoverprovidinganinformationcenteraswellastechnicalservicestoitsmembers.

08.CONTACT

APCOR - PORTUGUESE CORK ASSOCIATION

Av. Comendador Henrique Amorim, nº.580Apartado 100

4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamast: +351 227 474 040f: +351 227 474 049

[email protected] / [email protected]

www.realcork.org / www.apcor.pt

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Technical Data SheetProperty:APCOR

Author:FernandaChiebaoYearPublished:2011

Printrun:2.000


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