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TECHNICAL INFORMATION
The product information and specifications within this catalogue should be viewed as a guide onlyand are subject to change without notice. Please refer to inside front cover for further details.
327
Conversion FactorsHydraulic FormulaeRecommended Cleanliness Code ChartPipe Pressure RatingsPressure Drop in PipesOil Viscosity/Temperature Chart
328330331333334335
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.13556
.011301.1
.9806
daN-m
1.356.1130
101
9.806
N-m
.1382.011521.019.102
1
kg-m
121
88.518.85186.80
in-lb
1.083337.376.7376
7.2359
ft-lb
3.61.097
11.609
.01829
2.237.6818.6214
1.01136
196.8560
54.68881
3.2811
.91131.467
.01667
1.3048.2778.4470
.00508
m/s
CONVERSION FACTORS
TORQUE
.0068951.1
.0019.807
.09807
MPa
.06895101
.0198.07.9807
bar
6.8951000100
1980798.07
kPa
.0007031.102
.0102.000102
1.01
kg/mm 2
.0703110.201.02
.0102100
1
kg/cm 2
1145
14.50.145142214.22
psi
PRESSURE
1 Atmosphere = 14.7 lb/in 2
1 Atmosphere = 29.92 inches of Mercury1 Atmosphere = 33.96 ft of water1 inch of Mercury = 0.491 lb/in 2 = 13.6 inches of water1 psi = 2.0416 inches of Mercury at 62F
1.3569.806859.9641.2.113
J
.13831
87.6965.39
.01152
kg-m
.0016.011
1.7457
.00013
kW-hr
.002
.0151.341
1.00017
hp-hr
1286.80
7609.75675.7
1
in-lb
17.233634.1472.9.0833
ft-lb
ENERGY
1 Btu = British thermal unit = heat required to raise temperature of 1 lb of water 1F
1 Btu = 778.57 ft-lb
VELOCITY
ft/s km/hr mph ft/min
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION
329
LENGTH
.10201.020
1.4536
.2242.242.20
1
110
9.8074.4482
N kg lb
FORCE AND WEIGHT
6.4521
.01
645.2100
1
1.1550
.001550
in 2 cm 2 mm 2
AREA
.3048
.02541
.01
m/s 2
30.482.54100
1
cm/s 2
121
39.373937
in/s 2
1.083333.281
.03281
ft/s 2
ACCELERATION
.3937
112
39.3739,37063,360
in
.03281
.083331
3.28132815280
ft
.01
.02778.3048
110001609
m
.00001
.000027.0003.001
11.609
km
.000006
.000017
.000186
.000621.6214
1
mi
1
2.5430.48100
100,000160,934
cm
.01639
.00011
.9463
L
.0173
.00101.05
1
qt
16.39
11000947
cm 3
1
.0610261.0257.75
in 3
1 U.S. gallon = 231 in 3
1 U.S. gallon = 0.13368ft 3
1 gpm = 3.85 in 3 /S1 gpm = 3.79 L/min (liquid)
VOLUME
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TEMPERATURE
F = (C x 1.8) + 32C = (F - 32 ) 1.8
.7457
1.7355
1.014
1.3601
1
1.341.9863
hp kW met-hp
1 hp = 550 ft-lb/s1 hp = 33,000 ft lb/min1 hp = 42.44 Btu/min
HYDRAULIC FORMULAE
FOR HYDRAULIC PUMPS
Input Power (kW) = Flow (L/min) x Pressure (Bar)
600
FOR HYDRAULIC MOTORS
Output Power (kW) = Torque (Nm) x Speed (rpm)
9549
Shaft Torque (Nm) = Pressure (Bar) x Displacement (cm 3 /rev)
62.8
Shaft Speed (rpm) = Flow (L/min) x 1000
Displacement (cm 3 /rev)
FOR HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS
Force (N) = Area (mm 2) x Pressure (Bar)
10
Speed (mm/sec) = Flow (L/min) x 21,220
Diameter 2 (mm 2)
Where Area (mm 2) = Diameter 2 (mm 2) x 0.7854
Output Flow (L/min) = Displacement (cm 3 /rev) x Speed (rpm)
1000
POWER
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RECOMMENDED CLEANLINESS CODE CHART
PUMPS
20.18.1520.18.1519.17.1518.16.1418.16.14
19.17.1519.17.1418.16.1417.15.1317.15.13
18.16.1317.15.13
16.14.12
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How to Set a Target Cleanliness Level
Step One
Using the Recommended Cleanliness Code Chart, determine the cleanest fluid (lowest
code) required by any component in the system. All components that draw fluid from acommon reservoir should be considered to be part of the same system even if theiroperations are independent or sequential (i.e. a central power unit running severaldifferent machines). The pressure rating for the system is the maximum system pressureachieved by the machine during a complete cycle of operation.
Step Two
For any system where the fluid is not 100% petroleum oil, set the target one Range Codecleaner for each particle size. Example: If the cleanest code required was an 17.15.13 andwater glycol is the system fluid, the target becomes 16.14.12.
Step Three
If any two of the following conditions are experienced by the machine or system, set thetarget cleanliness one level lower for each particle size.
Frequent cold starts at less than 0F (-18C)Intermittent operation with fluid temperatures over 160F (71C)High vibration or high shock operationCritical dependence on the system as part of a process operationPersonal safety of the operator or others in the area could be put at risk by a systemmalfunction
Again, looking at the example above, if this system was expected to cold start in Alaska
and a failure could cause personal injury, the target cleanliness would become 15.13.11.Using this three step procedure the system target cleanliness code for the system is now set.
Test Stands
Target cleanliness level for test stands should be one range code cleaner, for each particlesize, than the code for each particle size, than the code for the most sensitive conditionand component to be tested. Example: Variable piston pump tested at 2500 psi cleanlinesslevel should be 17.15.13 so the TEST STAND cleanliness level should be at least 16.14.12.
Fluid Conditioning
Proper fluid condition is essential for long and satisfactory life of hydraulic componentsand systems. Hydraulic fluid must have the correct balance of cleanliness, materials andadditives for protection against wear of components, elevated viscosity and inclusion of air.
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Working pressures for various schedule pipes are obtained by dividing burst pressure by the safety factor.
PIPE PRESSURE RATINGS
Pipes Currently are Sized by Schedule Number
.405
.540
.675
.8401.0501.3151.660
1.9002.3752.8753.5004.0004.5005.5636.6258.625
10.75012.750
.269
.364
.493
.622
.8241.0491.380
1.6102.0672.4693.0683.5484.0265.0476.0657.981
10.02011.934
.215
.302
.423
.546
.742
.9571.278
1.5001.9392.3232.9003.3643.8264.8136.7617.6259.564
11.376
.466
.614
.8151.160
1.3381.6892.1252.624
3.4384.3135.1896.8138.500
10.126
.252
.434
.599
.896
1.1001.5031.771
4.063
1/81/43/81/23/411 1/4
1 1/222 1/233 1/245681012
Inside DiameterPipe O.D. Schedule 40 Standard Schedule 80 Extra Heavy Schedule 160 Double Extra HeavyNom. Size
Pressure Rating of Pipes
0.4050.5400.6750.840
1.0501.3151.6601.9002.3752.8753.500
27181814
1411 1/211 1/211 1/211 1/2
88
.364
.493
.622
.8241.0491.3801.6102.0672.4693.068
16,00013,50013,200
11,00010,0008,4007,6006,5007,0006,100
.302
.423
.546
.742
.9571.2781.5001.9392.3232.900
22,00019,00017,500
15,00013,60011,50010,5009,1009,6008,500
.466
.614
.8151.1601.3381.6892.1252.634
21,000
21,00019,00015,00014,80014,50013,00012,500
.252
.434
.599
.8961.1001.5031.771
35,000
30,00027,00023,00021,00019,00018,000
1/81/43/81/2
3/411 1/41 1/222 1/23
Schedule 40Standard
Schedule 80Extra Heavy Schedule 160
DoubleExtra Heavy
NominalPipe
Size in.
OutsideDiameterPipe in.
Number ofThreadsper Inch
0.260.400.410.53
0.550.680.710.720.761.141.20
Lenght ofEffective
Threads in. Pipe ID inBurst
Press psi Pipe ID in.Burst
Press. psi Pipe ID in.Burst
Press. psi Pipe ID in.Burst
Press. psi
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PRESSURE DROP IN PIPES
Example
Q = 80 l/min, pipe 22/19
Pressure drop per meter pipeline is searched for.A line is drawn from d 1 - 19mm through Q = 80 l/mIt crosses the Re-line in the turbulent area, and the result can be read on the turbulentscale.
p = 0.23 bar x m(If the Re-line is in the laminar area, the result is to be read on the laminar scale).The nomographic chart applies to the viscosity25 cSt 3.5E and the density 900 kg/m 3
At another viscosity a correction is to be made as follows:-
Turbulent flow: Laminar flow:
p = x p nomogr
v = the oil viscosity in cStAt another density a correction is to be made as follows:
= the oil density in kg/m 3
vVnomogr
p = x p nomogrv
Vnomogr
p = x p nomogr nomogr
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OIL VISCOSITY / TEMPERATURE CHART
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Notes:
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Notes:
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Notes: