technical assistance consultant’s report · figure 2. s summary figure 3. s figure 4. y figure 5....

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

Project Number: 42249 May 2015

Bangladesh: Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Finance Financed by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction

Prepared by:

Air Worldwide Corporation

San Francisco, USA

For Ministry of Food and Disaster Management – Disaster Management and Relief Division

CapaBang

Draft F

May 1

acity Bglades

Final Re

2, 2015

Buildinsh (ADB

port Sub

g for DB TA-8

bmitted to

Disaste8144)

o the Asi

er Risk

ian Deve

k Finan

elopmen

nce in

t Bank

Table

Executive

1 Intro

1.1 Lim

2 Proje

3 Haza

3.1 Tr

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.1.3

3.1.3.1

3.1.3.2

3.1.3.3

3.1.3.4

3.1.3.5

3.1.3.6

3.1.3.7

3.1.3.8

3.2 Flo

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.3.1

3.2.3.2

3.2.3.3

of Cont

Summary ......

oduction .........

mitations ........

ect Scope and

ards in Bangla

ropical Cyclon

Historical Tro

Tropical Cycl

Significant an

The 1970 B

The 1991 B

Tropical Cy

Tropical Cy

Tropical Cy

Tropical Cy

Tropical Cy

Tropical Cy

ood ..................

Historical Flo

Flood Conseq

Significant an

The 1988 F

The 1998 F

The 2004 F

tents

.........................

.........................

.........................

Outline ..........

adesh ...............

ne ......................

opical Cyclone

lone Conseque

nd Recent Trop

Bhola Cyclone .

Bangladesh Cy

yclone Sidr (2

yclone Rashm

yclone Bijli (20

yclone Aila (2

yclone BOB 01

yclone Mahas

.........................

ood Informatio

quence .............

nd Recent Floo

loods ..............

loods ..............

loods ..............

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

e Information

ence ................

pical Cyclone

........................

yclone .............

007) ................

mi (2008) ..........

009) ................

009) ................

1 (2012) ..........

en (2013) .......

........................

on ....................

........................

od Events .......

........................

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Events ...........

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Final Repo

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........................

ort on Capacity BuFinance in Ban

SF13-

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uilding for Disastengladesh (ADB TA

1049 FINAL REP 0

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er Risk A-8144)

3 051215

...... 16

...... 19

...... 20

...... 21

...... 23

...... 24

...... 26

...... 29

...... 36

...... 36

...... 38

...... 39

...... 41

...... 42

...... 43

...... 45

...... 46

...... 47

...... 47

...... 50

...... 55

...... 55

...... 56

...... 57

3.2.3.4

3.3 Ea

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.3.1

3.3.3.2

3.3.3.3

3.3.3.4

3.3.3.5

3.3.3.6

3.4 Se

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.4.3

3.4.3.1

3.4.3.2

3.5 Ot

4 Econ

4.1 Tr

4.2 Flo

4.3 Ea

4.4 Se

4.5 Su

5 Prob

The 2007 F

arthquake ........

Historical Ear

Earthquake C

Significant an

The 1762 A

The 1897 A

The 1918 S

The 1997 C

The 1999 M

The 2003 B

vere Storm .....

Historical Sev

Severe Storm

Significant an

The 1989 D

The April 2

ther Natural P

nomic Impact

ropical Cyclon

ood ..................

arthquake ........

vere Storm .....

ummary ...........

babilistic Tropi

loods ..............

.........................

rthquake Infor

Consequence ...

nd Recent Eart

Arakan Earthqu

Arakan Earthqu

rimangal Eart

Chittagong Ear

Maheshkhali Is

Borkol Earthqu

.........................

vere Storm Inf

Consequence

nd Recent Seve

Daulatpur–Satu

2004 Tornado

Perils ................

of Major Disas

ne ......................

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

ical Cyclone R

........................

........................

rmation ..........

........................

thquake Event

uake ...............

uake ...............

thquake ..........

rthquake ........

sland Earthqu

uake ................

........................

formation .......

e .......................

ere Storm Even

uria Tornado

in North‐Cen

........................

sters Since 200

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

Risk Modeling

........................

........................

........................

........................

ts .....................

........................

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ake .................

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........................

nts ..................

........................

tral Banglades

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00 ....................

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g .......................

Final Repo

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sh ....................

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SF13-

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1049 FINAL REP 0

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er Risk A-8144)

4 051215

...... 58

...... 60

...... 62

...... 67

...... 71

...... 71

...... 71

...... 72

...... 73

...... 74

...... 74

...... 77

...... 77

...... 79

...... 81

...... 81

...... 81

...... 82

...... 83

...... 83

...... 87

...... 89

...... 92

...... 93

...... 97

5.1 Lo

5.2 AI

5.3 Sto

5.4 Lo

5.5 Ex

5.5.1

5.5.2

5.5.3

5.5.4

5.5.5

5.5.6

5.5.7

5.5.8

5.5.9

5.6 Da

5.7 M

5.8 Co

5.9 Va

6 Trop

7 Fund

7.1 Da

7.2 Ec

7.3 Fu

7.3.1

7.3.2

oss Evaluation

IR Tropical Cy

ochastic Catal

ocal Hazard In

xposure Datab

Population D

Developing th

Data Sources

Occupancy Ty

Construction

Replacement

Validating th

Exposure Dat

Summary of t

amage Estimat

odeled Loss Su

onsideration o

alidation on H

pical Cyclone a

ding Gap Ana

ata Collection

conomic Impac

unding .............

Funding for R

Humanitarian

n Methodology

yclone Model f

og (Simulated

ntensity Calcul

base ..................

Database ...........

he Exposure D

........................

ype ..................

Type ..............

Values ............

e Industry Exp

tabase Limitat

the Exposure D

tion .................

ummary .........

of the Effect of

Historical Even

and Flood Risk

alysis ................

Methodology

ct from Disast

.........................

Recovery and

n Aid ...............

y ......................

for Bangladesh

d Event Genera

lation ..............

........................

........................

Database of Bu

........................

........................

........................

........................

posure Databa

tions ................

Database of Bu

........................

........................

Storm Surge .

nts ....................

k Profile of Ba

........................

y and Sources .

ters ..................

........................

Rehabilitation

........................

........................

h Overview ...

ation) ..............

........................

........................

........................

uildings ..........

........................

........................

........................

........................

ases .................

........................

uildings .........

........................

........................

........................

........................

angladesh .......

........................

........................

........................

........................

n Projects ........

........................

Final Repo

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1049 FINAL REP 0

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er Risk A-8144)

5 051215

...... 98

...... 99

.... 101

.... 104

.... 106

.... 106

.... 112

.... 112

.... 114

.... 114

.... 117

.... 118

.... 119

.... 120

.... 124

.... 126

.... 129

.... 132

.... 133

.... 135

.... 135

.... 138

.... 138

.... 138

.... 140

7.3.3

7.3.4

7.4 Fu

8 The

8.1 Ce

8.1.1

8.1.2

8.1.3

8.2 Fin

8.2.1

8.2.1.1

8.2.1.2

8.2.2

8.2.3

8.2.4

8.2.4.1

8.2.4.2

8.3 Ba

9 Disa

167

9.1 Na

9.2 Op

9.2.1

9.2.2

9.2.3

Foreign Aid o

Total Availab

unding Gap ....

Institutional F

entral Governm

Department o

Fiscal Divisio

Economic Rel

nancial Marke

Money Marke

Bangladesh

Financial In

Capital Mark

Insurance Sec

Informal Sect

MFIs and N

MFIs, NGO

angladesh Sov

aster Risk Fina

atural Catastro

perational Asp

Risk Assessm

Managing Bu

Reduction of

on Disaster‐Re

ble Funding ....

.........................

Framework for

ment ................

of Disaster Ma

on, Ministry of

lations Divisio

et ......................

et .....................

h Bank ............

nstitutions ......

et .....................

ctor ..................

tor ....................

NGOs ..............

Os and PKSF I

ereign Rating

ncing Options

ophe Risk Man

pects of Sovere

ment and Quan

udget Volatility

the Overall Li

elated Emerge

........................

........................

r Disaster Risk

........................

anagement, Mi

f Finance ........

on (ERD), Min

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

Involvement w

.......................

s for Banglade

nagement for

eign Disaster R

ntification of C

y .....................

iabilities .........

ncy Response

........................

........................

k Managemen

........................

inistry of Disa

........................

nistry of Financ

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

with Disaster M

........................

esh: Internation

Sovereign Sta

Risk Financing

Contingent Lia

........................

........................

Final Repo

e .......................

........................

........................

nt and the Fina

........................

aster Managem

........................

ce ....................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

Management ..

........................

nal Market Re

ates ..................

g ......................

ability ..............

........................

........................


SF13-

.........................

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.........................

ancial Market i

.........................

ment ................

.........................

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.........................

eview and App

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1049 FINAL REP 0

........................

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........................

in Bangladesh

........................

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........................

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........................

........................

praisal of Opt

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

er Risk A-8144)

6 051215

.... 142

.... 143

.... 144

h .. 146

.... 146

.... 146

.... 147

.... 148

.... 148

.... 149

.... 150

.... 152

.... 153

.... 156

.... 160

.... 161

.... 162

.... 165

tions

.... 167

.... 168

.... 169

.... 169

.... 171

9.3 Di

9.4 Ca

9.4.1

9.4.2

9.4.3

9.5 Op

9.5.1

9.5.2

9.5.3

9.6 Pr

9.6.1

9.6.2

10 Refe

11 App

About AIR

About Asi

isaster Risk Fin

ase studies of D

Sovereign Lev

Meso‐Level In

Micro‐Level I

ptions for Ban

Review of Re

Analyzing Ri

Breaking dow

actical Implem

Sovereign Op

Non‐Sovereig

rences .............

pendix ..............

R Worldwide C

ian Disaster Pr

nancing in the

DRF Initiative

vel DRF Initia

nsurance Prog

Insurance Prog

gladesh ..........

lated Insuranc

sk and Identif

wn the funding

mentable Solut

ptions ...............

gn Options ......

.........................

.........................

Corporation ...

reparedness C

e International

es Relevant to

atives ...............

grams ..............

grams .............

........................

ce Activities in

fying Needs ...

g gap ..............

tions ...............

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

Center (ADPC)

l Developmen

Bangladesh ...

........................

........................

........................

........................

n Bangladesh .

........................

........................

........................

........................

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........................

........................

........................

) .......................

Final Repo

nt Context .......

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.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

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........................

er Risk A-8144)

7 051215

.... 172

.... 173

.... 173

.... 176

.... 177

.... 179

.... 179

.... 180

.... 181

.... 187

.... 187

.... 193

.... 196

.... 205

.... 211

.... 211

Table

Figure 1. G

Figure 2. S

Summary

Figure 3. S

Figure 4. Y

Figure 5. M

Figure 6. N

2008 TC R

Figure 7. N

Sidr, 2008

Figure 8. S

Figure 9. M

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Wikipedia

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

Figure 17.

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Figure 20.

Figure 21.

of Figu

General Tropic

Summary of th

Storm Inform

Storm Tracks f

Yearly Storm F

Monthly Storm

Number of Liv

Rashmi, 2009 T

Number of Peo

TC Rashmi, 2

Satellite Image

Mortality Rate

Storm Surge V

Satellite Imag

Satellite Imag

Satellite Imag

a) ......................

Satellite Imag

Satellite Imag

Tropical Cycl

Satellite Imag

Satellite Imag

Flood Prone A

Normalized R

Countrywide

res

cal Cyclone Ri

he Data Qualit

mation of Each

from Tropical

Frequency Der

m Frequency D

ves Lost by Dis

TC Bijli, 2009 T

ople Affected

009 TC Bijli, 2

e and Meteoro

e by Union for

Values (in Fee

ge and Meteor

ge and Meteor

ge and Meteor

.........................

ge and Meteor

ge and Meteor

lone Aila Area

ge and Meteor

ge and Meteor

Areas in Bang

Reported Floo

e Exceedance P

isk in Banglad

ty of the Tropi

Given Storm i

Cyclone Histo

rived from the

Derived from t

strict from Six

TC Aila, 2012 T

by District fro

009 TC Aila, 2

logical Histor

the 1970 Bhol

et) for the 1970

ological Histo

ological Histo

ological Histo

........................

ological Histo

ological Histo

as Affected wi

ological Histo

ological Histo

ladesh (Source

ds Losses Ver

Probability Cu

desh (Source: S

ical Cyclone H

in the Databas

orical Databas

e Tropical Cyc

the Tropical C

x Recent Tropi

TC BOB 01, an

om Six Recent

2012 TC BOB 0

y of the 1970 B

la Cyclone (So

0 Bhola Cyclon

ory of the 1991

ory of 2007 Tro

ory of 2008 Tro

........................

ory of 2009 Tro

ory of 2009 Tro

th Surface Wa

ory of 2012 Tro

ory of 2013 Tro

e: BARC/UND

sus Percent of

urve of Floods

Final Repo

SPARRSO) ......

Historical Data

se .....................

se by Peak Inte

clone Historica

Cyclone Histor

ical Cyclones i

nd 2013 TC Ma

Tropical Cycl

01, and 2013 T

Bhola Cyclone

ource: Sommer

ne (Source: Fra

Bangladesh C

opical Cyclone

opical Cyclone

........................

opical Cyclone

opical Cyclone

ater as of May

opical Cyclone

opical Cyclone

DP/FAO, 2000)

f Bangladesh A

Losses ...........


SF13-

.........................

abase – Each M

.........................

ensity ..............

al Database (18

ical Database

in Bangladesh

ahasen) ............

lones in Bangl

TC Mahasen) ...

e (Source: Wik

r and Mosley,

ank and Husa

Cyclone (Sour

e Sidr (Source:

e Rashmi (Ima

.........................

e Bijli (Source:

e Aila (Source:

27th, 2009 (Sou

e BOB 01 (Sou

e Mahasen (So

) .......................

Affected by Fl

.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

........................

Marker Repres

........................

........................

877‐2013) .......

(1877‐2013) ...

h (2007 TC Sidr

........................

adesh (2007 T

........................

kipedia) ..........

1972) .............

in, 1971) ........

ce: Wikipedia

: Wikipedia) ..

age Source:

........................

Wikipedia) ..

: Wikipedia) ..

urce: WFP) ....

rce: Wikipedia

ource: Wikiped

........................

loods ...............

........................

er Risk A-8144)

8 051215

...... 25

sents

...... 27

...... 28

...... 29

...... 29

r,

...... 34

C

...... 35

...... 36

...... 37

...... 37

) .... 38

...... 39

...... 41

...... 42

...... 43

...... 44

a) .. 45

dia) 46

...... 49

...... 53

...... 54

Figure 22.

Figure 23.

Voluntary

Figure 24.

Figure 25.

..................

Figure 26.

Figure 27.

Figure 28.

Figure 29.

Greater th

Figure 30.

Banglades

Figure 31.

Figure 32.

Figure 33.

Figure 34.

Earthquak

Figure 35.

Figure 36.

Figure 37.

2005 (Sour

Figure 38.

between 1

Figure 39.

Figure 40.

Figure 41.

Flood Affecte

Flood Affecte

y Services) .......

2004 Flood In

2007 Flood A

.........................

Seismic Haza

Seismic Zonin

The Historica

Cumulative N

han 5.0 (left im

Magnitude Re

sh Borders.......

The Epicenter

Historic Shak

Seismic Inten

Five‐story Re

ke (Source: Al‐

USGS ShakeM

Brick Masonr

Geographical

rce: Yamane et

The Distribut

967 and 1996

Reported Tro

Reported Tro

Reported Seis

ed Areas from

ed Areas from

.........................

ntensity Based

ffected Areas

.........................

ard in Banglad

ng Map from t

al Earthquake

Number of Eve

mage) and 6.0 (r

ecurrence Plot

.........................

rs of Some Sig

keMap of the 1

nsity Distributi

inforced Conc

‐Hussaini, 201

Map of the 200

ry Damage in K

l Distribution

t al., 2010) .......

tion of the Ave

(Source: Ono,

opical Cyclone

opical Cyclone

smicity in Ban

the 1988 Floo

the 1998 Floo

........................

on Water Lev

(Source: Left

........................

desh (Source: G

the 2006 Bang

Database Dev

ents in the Fin

right image). .

t of Reported M

........................

gnificant Event

1897 Assam Ea

ion of the 1918

crete Frame Bu

1) ....................

03 Borkol Earth

Kolabunia afte

of 2,324 Sever

........................

erage Tornado

2001) .............

Activity in th

near Banglad

ngladesh from

ds (Source: Ba

ds (Source: Ri

........................

vel (Source: CP

Image – DMIC

........................

GSHAP, ASC)

ladesh Nation

veloped for the

nal Historical E

........................

Mainshock Ev

........................

ts in the Earth

arthquake (Sou

8 Srimangal Ea

uilding Collap

........................

hquake ...........

er the 2003 Bo

e Local Conve

........................

o Occurrence p

........................

he Bay of Beng

desh from 2000

2000 to End o

Final Repo

anglapedia) ....

ight Image – B

........................

PD‐IRBD, 2004

C/CDMP, 2007

........................

........................

nal Building C

e Bangladesh R

Earthquake Da

........................

vents from 191

........................

hquake Conseq

urce: Hough e

arthquake (So

pse in Chittago

........................

........................

orkol Earthqua

ective Storms i

........................

per 10,000 Squ

........................

gal from 2000 t

0 to End of 201

of 2013 .............


SF13-

.........................

BARC; Left Im

.........................

4) .....................

7; Right Image

.........................

.........................

Code .................

Region ............

atabase with M

.........................

13 to 2013 With

.........................

quence Databa

et al., 2003) ......

ource: Sabri, 20

ong after the 1

.........................

.........................

ake (Source: A

in Bangladesh

.........................

uare Miles in B

.........................

to End of 2013

13 .....................

.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

........................

age – Internat

........................

........................

e – UNOSAT,

........................

........................

........................

........................

Magnitude (M

........................

hin 50 km of

........................

ase ..................

........................

001) .................

1997 Chittagon

........................

........................

Al‐Hussaini, 20

h from 1990 an

........................

Bangladesh

........................

3 .......................

........................

........................

er Risk A-8144)

9 051215

...... 55

tional

...... 57

...... 58

2007)

...... 59

...... 61

...... 61

...... 64

Mw)

...... 65

...... 66

...... 70

...... 72

...... 73

ng

...... 74

...... 75

011) 76

nd

...... 78

...... 78

...... 85

...... 86

...... 90

Figure 42.

Figure 43.

Figure 44.

Figure 45.

Figure 46.

of the Stoc

Landfall) .

Figure 47.

Banglades

Figure 48.

Banglades

Figure 49.

Figure 50.

Figure 51.

Figure 52.

Figure 53.

Figure 54.

Figure 55.

Figure 56.

Figure 57.

Figure 58.

Figure 59.

Figure 60.

Figure 61.

Model ......

Figure 62.

Tropical C

Estimated Eco

Estimated Peo

Estimated Lif

AIR Catastrop

Distribution o

chastic Catalog

.........................

Comparison o

sh – Location o

Comparison o

sh .....................

Probabilistic T

Map of Admi

Estimated 201

Gridded Popu

General appr

Percent of Ho

Percent of Ku

Modeled Urb

Gridded Repl

Share of Dwe

Share of Resid

Share of Non‐

Damage Func

.........................

Damage Func

Cyclone Model

onomic Impac

ople Affected

fe Loss from Si

phe Risk Evalu

of Simulated T

g. The Intensit

.........................

of the Historic

of Landfall Seg

of the Historic

.........................

Tropical Cyclo

inistrative Reg

14 Population

ulation of Ban

oach for devel

ouseholds by T

utcha Househo

banicity for the

lacement Cost

ellings by Cons

dential Exposu

‐Residential E

ctions for Trop

.........................

ctions for Floo

l .......................

ct from Signifi

from Significa

ignificant Disa

uation Framew

Tropical Cyclo

ty at First Land

........................

cal and Simula

gments Shown

cal and Simula

........................

one Wind Haz

gions of Bangl

by Subdistric

ngladesh .........

loping the Ban

Type per Subd

olds by Constr

e Exposure Da

t Map of All M

struction per D

ure Value by C

Exposure Value

pical Cyclone I

........................

oding from Tro

........................

cant Disasters

ant Disasters i

asters in Bang

work ...............

one Tracks Aff

dfall is Indicat

........................

ated Annual L

n on the Right

ated Annual L

........................

zard for Select

adesh .............

t ......................

........................

ngladesh expo

district (Derive

ruction Type (

atabase ............

Modeled Build

Division .........

Construction p

e by Construc

Induced Wind

........................

opical Cyclone

........................

Final Repo

s in Banglades

in Bangladesh

gladesh from 2

........................

fecting Bangla

ted (N/A Refe

........................

Landfall Frequ

t .......................

Landfall Frequ

........................

t Cities in Bang

........................

........................

........................

osure database

ed from the 20

Derived from

........................

ings ................

........................

per Division ...

ction per Divis

d used in the B

........................

e Induced Pre

........................


SF13-

sh from 2000 to

h from 2000 to

2000 to 2013 ....

.........................

adesh Sampled

ers to Storms N

.........................

uency by Land

.........................

uency by Land

.........................

gladesh ...........

.........................

.........................

.........................

e of buildings .

011 Census) ....

m the 2010 SVR

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

sion ..................

Bangladesh Tr

.........................

cipitation used

.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

o 2013 ............

2013 ...............

........................

........................

d from 1,000 Y

Not Making

........................

fall Segment i

........................

fall Strength in

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

RS) ...................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

ropical Cyclon

........................

d in the Bangl

........................

er Risk A-8144)

10 051215

...... 94

...... 94

...... 95

...... 99

Years

.... 102

in

.... 103

n

.... 103

.... 105

.... 107

.... 110

.... 111

.... 112

.... 115

.... 116

.... 118

.... 121

.... 122

.... 122

.... 122

ne

.... 125

ladesh

.... 125

Figure 63.

Figure 64.

Figure 65.

for Bangla

Figure 66.

Figure 67.

Figure 68.

Results Co

Figure 69.

Figure 70.

Figure 71.

Investmen

Figure 72.

OCHA) ....

Figure 73.

(Source: U

Figure 74.

External R

2013) ........

Figure 75.

Figure 76.

Figure 77.

Figure 78.

Figure 79.

Figure 80.

Figure 81.

disaster co

Tropical Cycl

Tropical Cycl

Tropical Cycl

adesh by Distr

General Storm

Inferred Storm

Normalized A

onsidering the

Tropical Cycl

Qualitative R

Funding for R

nt Program, Pl

Humanitarian

.........................

Humanitarian

UN‐OCHA) .....

Foreign Aid o

Resources in Ba

.........................

Total Availab

Funding Gap

Layered Disa

Time Dimens

Cost Dimensi

Superimpose

Relative share

osts. .................

lone Modeled

lone Modeled

lone Modeled

ict ....................

m Surge Risk i

m Surge Risk i

Average Annu

e Effect of Stor

lone Sidr – Rep

Risk Profile of B

Recovery and

anning Comm

n Aid into Ban

.........................

n Aid by Dono

.........................

on Disaster‐Re

angladesh, Ec

.........................

ble Funding of

of Catastroph

ster Risk Finan

sion of Risk Fin

ion of Risk Fin

d Funding Ga

e of governme

.........................

Loss Risk Pro

Aggregate‐Ba

Aggregate‐Ba

........................

in Bangladesh

in Bangladesh

ual Loss by Dis

m Surge (Righ

ported Impact

Bangladesh ...

Rehabilitation

mission) ..........

ngladesh 2000‐

........................

ors for the 200

........................

elated Emerge

onomic Relati

........................

f Catastrophes

hes in Banglad

ncing Approa

nancing Instru

nancing Instru

ap Results Sum

ent and non‐go

........................

ofile for Bangla

ased Average A

ased Average A

........................

from SPARRS

h .......................

strict – Results

ht Image) .......

t (Left Image)

........................

n Projects in Ba

........................

‐2013 (Source:

........................

04 Floods and

........................

ncy Response

ions Division –

........................

s in Bangladesh

desh 2000‐2013

ach (Source: Gh

uments (Sourc

uments (Source

mmary with Ri

overnment, an

........................

Final Repo

adesh ..............

Annual Loss f

Annual Loss,

........................

SO (left image

........................

s Directly from

........................

and Modeled

........................

angladesh 200

........................

: Financial Tra

........................

2007 Tropical

........................

e into Banglade

– Data are Not

........................

h 2000‐2013 ...

3 ......................

hesquiere & M

ce: Ghesquiere

e: Ghesquiere

isk Financing

nd short‐, med

........................


SF13-

.........................

for Bangladesh

Normalized b

.........................

e) and IWM (ri

.........................

m the Model (L

.........................

Impacted (Rig

.........................

00‐2013 (Sourc

.........................

acking Service

.........................

Cyclone Sidr

.........................

esh 2000‐2013

t Available for

.........................

.........................

.........................

Mahul, 2010) ...

e & Mahul, 201

& Mahul, 201

Options .........

dium‐ and lon

.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

........................

h by District ..

by Exposure V

........................

ight image) ...

........................

Left Image) an

........................

ght Image) ....

........................

ce: Annual

........................

s of the UN‐

........................

in Bangladesh

........................

(Source Flow

r 2000, 2001, a

........................

........................

........................

........................

10) ..................

10) ...................

........................

g‐term post‐

........................

er Risk A-8144)

11 051215

.... 127

.... 128

Value,

.... 128

.... 130

.... 131

nd

.... 131

.... 132

.... 134

.... 140

.... 141

h

.... 142

w of

and

.... 143

.... 144

.... 145

.... 169

.... 170

.... 171

.... 181

.... 186

Figure 82.

relative to

Figure 83.

modeled n

Figure 84.

marked fo

Figure 85.

elements o

Share of gove

estimated fun

Exceedance p

national loss. ..

Exceedance p

or both Cyclon

Payout curve

of the curves a

ernment and n

nding gap. ......

probability cur

.........................

probability cur

ne and Flood p

s for Cyclone

are labelled for

non‐governme

........................

rves for ‘Gover

........................

rves for ‘Gover

perils. ..............

and Flood cov

r Cyclone only

ent, and short‐,

........................

rnment respon

........................

rnment respon

........................

verage with ch

y; the same str

Final Repo

‐, medium‐ and

........................

nse costs’, rep

........................

nse costs’, wit

........................

haracteristics d

ructure is true


SF13-

d long‐term p

.........................

presenting 25%

.........................

th 10‐ and 100‐

.........................

described in th

for Flood also


1049 FINAL REP 0

post‐disaster co

........................

% of the full

........................

‐year loss leve

........................

he text. Note th

o. .....................

er Risk A-8144)

12 051215

osts

.... 186

.... 190

els

.... 191

hat

.... 192

List o

Table 1. Li

Table 2. G

Table 3. H

Table 4. N

– 2013) .....

Table 5. A

of Bengal

Table 6. Co

Table 7. D

Table 8. D

TC Rashm

Table 9. D

of Banglad

Table 10. S

Banglades

Table 11. D

Report issu

Table 12. D

issued MO

Table 13. D

Report issu

Table 14. S

EHCO, 20

Table 15. D

Situation R

Table 16. D

Mahasen U

f Tables

ist of Major Ha

eneral Hazard

Historical Tropi

Number of Rep

.........................

verage Yearly

(1877 – 2013) ..

onsequence D

ecadal Summa

istrict‐Wide C

mi, 2009 TC Bijl

istrict‐Wide C

desh, 2008) .....

Sector‐Wide D

sh, 2008) ..........

District‐Wide C

ued MON‐30‐

District‐Wide C

ON‐20‐APR‐20

District‐Wide C

ued MON‐20‐

Sector‐Wide C

09) ...................

District‐Wide C

Report issued

District‐Wide C

Update Issue 1

s

azards in Bang

d Consequence

ical Cyclone D

ported Storms

.........................

y Number of R

.........................

Database of Tro

ary of the Trop

Consequence D

li, 2009 TC Ail

Consequence D

.........................

Damage and Lo

.........................

Consequence

‐OCT‐2008:120

Consequence

009:1200) .........

Consequence

‐APR‐2009:120

Consequence D

.........................

Consequence

MON‐22‐OCT

Consequence

1 May 20, 2013

gladesh ..........

e in Banglades

Database Summ

from the Histo

........................

Reported Storm

........................

opical Cyclone

pical Cyclone

Data for Six Re

la, 2012 TC BO

Data for 2007 T

........................

oss Estimates

........................

Data for 2008

00) ...................

Data for 2009

........................

Data for 2009

00) ...................

Data for 2009 T

........................

Data for 2012

T‐2012:1450) ..

Data for 2013

3) .....................

........................

sh (Source: EM

mary for the B

orical Tropical

........................

ms from the Hi

........................

e Events in Ban

Consequence

ecent Tropical

OB 01, and 201

Tropical Cyclo

........................

for 2007 Tropi

........................

Tropical Cycl

........................

Tropical Cycl

........................

Tropical Cycl

........................

Tropical Cyclo

........................

Tropical Cycl

........................

Tropical Cycl

........................

Final Repo

........................

MDAT) ............

Bay of Bengal S

l Cyclone Dat

........................

istorical Tropi

........................

ngladesh ........

e Database ......

Cyclones in B

13 TC Mahasen

one Sidr (Sourc

........................

ical Cyclone S

........................

lone Rashmi (S

........................

lone Bijli (Sour

........................

lone Aila (Sou

........................

one Aila (Sourc

........................

lone BOB 01 (S

........................

lone Mahasen

........................


SF13-

.........................

.........................

Sub‐Basin .......

tabase for the B

.........................

ical Cyclone D

.........................

.........................

.........................

Bangladesh (20

n) .....................

ce: DMIC/DM

.........................

Sidr (Source: G

.........................

Source: DMIC

.........................

rce: DMIC/DM

.........................

urce: DMIC/DM

.........................

ce: the MOFD

.........................

Source: DMIC

.........................

(Source: CDM

.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

........................

........................

........................

Bay of Bengal

........................

Database for th

........................

........................

........................

007 TC Sidr, 20

........................

MB and Govern

........................

Government of

........................

C/DMB Situatio

........................

MB Situation R

........................

MB Situation

........................

M reported in

........................

C/CDMP/MDM

........................

MP/MDMR Cy

........................

er Risk A-8144)

13 051215

...... 24

...... 24

...... 26

(1877

...... 28

he Bay

...... 28

...... 31

...... 33

008

...... 33

nment

...... 40

f

...... 40

on

...... 41

Report

...... 42

...... 43

n

...... 44

MR

...... 45

yclone

...... 46

Table 17. Y

Table 18. C

Table 19. F

Table 20. F

Table 21. 1

2002) ........

Table 22. S

Table 23. S

Table 24. S

Table 25. D

Table 26. N

Table 27. E

Table 28. D

Table 29. N

Table 30. C

Table 31. R

Table 32. D

Table 33. C

Table 34. P

Table 35. N

Table 36. C

Table 37. S

Table 38. E

Table 39. S

Table 40. S

Yearly Flood A

Consequence D

Flood Consequ

Flooded area o

1988 Floods Re

.........................

Sector‐Wise 19

Sector‐Wise 20

Sector‐Wise 20

Disaggregation

Number of Re

Earthquake Co

Decadal Summ

Notable Severe

Consequence D

Reported Trop

Detailed Conse

Consequence D

Preferred Cons

Number of Re

Consequence D

Severe Storm C

Estimated Disa

Summary of A

Summary of th

Affected Area

Database of Fl

uence Databas

of Bangladesh

ehabilitation a

.........................

998 Flood Dam

004 Flood Dam

007 Flood Dam

n of Original M

ported Events

onsequence Da

mary of the Ea

e Storm Conse

Database of D

pical Cyclone E

equence Data

Database of Fl

sequence Data

ported Events

Database of Si

Consequence D

aster Consequ

Administrative

he Population

in Bangladesh

loods in Bangl

se – Preferred

for different r

and Reconstru

........................

mages (Source:

mages (Source:

mages (Source:

Magnitude Un

s in the Histori

atabase ..........

rthquake Con

equence Datab

rought, Extrem

Events Making

of Significant

loods from 200

a of Floods fro

s in the Histori

ignificant Eart

Data from 200

uence in Bangl

e Regions of Ba

Database by D

h (Source: BWD

ladesh .............

Loss Estimate

return periods

ction Program

........................

: Climate Chan

: CPD‐IRBD R

: GOB, 2007) ..

nits in the Full

ical Earthquak

........................

nsequence Data

base.................

me Temperatu

g Landfall in B

Tropical Cycl

00 to End of 20

om 2000 to End

ical Earthquak

thquakes from

00 to End of 20

adesh from 20

angladesh ......

District ...........

Final Repo

DB, 2014) .......

........................

es .....................

s .......................

m (Source: UN

........................

nge Cell, 2009

Rapid Assessm

........................

l Historical Ca

ke Database ...

........................

abase ..............

........................

ure, and Lands

Bangladesh fro

lones from 200

013 ..................

d of 2013 ........

ke Database fr

m 2000 to End o

013 ...................

000 to End of 2

........................

........................


SF13-

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

DP/GOB, 1988

.........................

9) ......................

ment of Flood a

.........................

atalog ...............

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

slides (Source

om 2000 to En

00 to End of 20

.........................

.........................

rom 2000 to En

of 2013 ............

.........................

2013 .................

.........................

.........................


1049 FINAL REP 0

........................

........................

........................

........................

8; Benson and

........................

........................

and World Ban

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

: EMDAT) .....

nd of 2013 .......

013 .................

........................

........................

nd of 2013 ......

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

er Risk A-8144)

14 051215

...... 48

...... 52

...... 53

...... 54

Clay,

...... 56

...... 56

nk) 58

...... 59

...... 63

...... 66

...... 68

...... 70

...... 80

...... 82

...... 84

...... 84

...... 88

...... 88

...... 89

...... 91

...... 92

...... 96

.... 107

.... 109

Table 41. C

Table 42. H

Table 43. A

see Section

Table 44. B

Table 45. N

Table 46. T

Table 47. R

Table 48. D

Table 49. Q

Table 50. D

Table 51. S

Table 52. B

Table 53. K

Construction C

Height Classes

Average Const

n 5.5.3) ............

Bangladesh Ex

Number of Dw

Tropical Cyclo

Relative Storm

Definition of S

Qualitative Ris

Disaster Relate

Summary of C

Breakdown of

Key characteri

Classes Consid

s Considered i

truction Costs

.........................

xposure Summ

wellings and R

one Modeled L

m Surge Risk E

Surge Risk Ind

sk Profile of B

ed Economic I

Cyclone Sidr da

Cyclone Sidr

istics of possib

dered in the Ba

in the Banglad

s per Dwelling

........................

mary Statistics

Replacement V

Loss Risk Profi

Exposure by Di

dex and Associ

angladesh .....

Impact and Fu

amage and los

damage and l

ble parametric

angladesh Exp

desh Exposure

g in BDT (Sour

........................

(2014) ............

Value per Distr

ile for Banglad

istrict..............

iated Loss Fac

........................

unding Gap in

ss estimates by

loss to soverei

insurance pro

Final Repo

posure Databa

e Database of B

rce: Various In

........................

........................

rict ..................

desh ................

........................

ctors .................

........................

n Bangladesh f

y sector. .........

ign and non‐so

oducts for Ban


SF13-

ase of Building

Buildings ........

nformation Sy

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

.........................

from 2000‐2013

.........................

overeign sourc

ngladesh. All v


1049 FINAL REP 0

gs ....................

........................

nthesized by A

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

........................

3 (Million USD

........................

ces. .................

values are USD

er Risk A-8144)

15 051215

.... 116

.... 116

AIR –

.... 117

.... 120

.... 123

.... 127

.... 130

.... 130

.... 134

D) 137

.... 184

.... 185

D. 191

Execu

Banglades

hazards, su

often resul

cities, regi

that can le

The Asian

building fo

catastroph

rehabilitat

analysis fo

workshop

During the

with the st

Report pre

modeling,

of Banglad

The risk p

(fast‐onset

Banglades

solutions i

historical i

notable an

While the

consequen

2000 to 201

of recent e

Banglades

sudden‐on

least 10.8 b

floods and

utive Su

sh, a country lo

uch as floodin

lt in significan

ons, and the c

ead to long term

n Development

or disaster risk

hes. The TA’s e

tion. The proje

or disaster resp

s on disaster r

e course of the

takeholders in

esents a detail

and provides

desh’s current

rofiling of Ban

t) type. Tropic

sh, and further

in Bangladesh

information an

nd recent even

general risk p

nce informatio

13, in which co

events and to p

sh include the

nset natural ha

billion USD in

d tropical cyclo

mmary

ocated on the

ng, tropical cyc

nt casualties, p

country as a w

m negative co

t Bank (ADB)

k finance (DRF

expected even

ect outputs inc

ponse, (iii) con

risk finance.

e study, prelim

n the form of re

ed description

s the final outc

market situat

ngladesh focus

cal cyclone, flo

rmore, are con

h. Risk profile i

nd data, repor

nts.

profile synthes

on. As such, a m

onsequence da

provide input

2004 floods, th

azard events in

n economic imp

ones.

Ganges‐Brahm

clones, severe

property and a

whole typically

onsequences fo

has implemen

F) in Banglade

ntual impact is

clude: (i) catas

nceptual set of

minary, interm

eports, focuse

n of hazards in

comes of the ob

tion, and poten

ses on hazards

ood, earthquak

nsidered suitab

information fo

rted consequen

izes available

more rigorous

ata is inferred

to the funding

he 2007 floods

n Bangladesh

pact (damage

maputra delta

storms, and e

agriculture dam

y sustain adver

or the affected

nted a Technic

esh to help the

improved go

trophe risk pr

f risk finance s

mediate, and fin

d meetings, p

n Bangladesh,

bjectives of th

ntial disaster r

s that are natu

ke, and severe

ble candidates

or these four m

nce of historic

information, d

s assessment is

when not rep

g gap analysis

s, and tropical

from 2000 to e

and losses to

Final Repo

in South Asia

earthquakes, a

mage, and mo

rse socio‐econ

d region.

cal Assistance

e Government

vernment pre

rofiling of Ban

solutions, and

nal outputs ar

resentations, a

outlines the p

he TA, such as

risk financing

urally occurrin

storm are ide

s for assessing

major perils is

cal events, and

data gaps are

s carried out f

ported to prov

s. During these

cyclone Sidr i

end of 2013 ar

all sectors), of


SF13-

a, is exposed to

among others.

onetary losses.

nomic impacts

(TA‐8144) tow

t of Banglades

eparedness for

ngladesh, (ii) a

(iv) knowledg

re to be shared

and workshop

probabilistic tr

the funding g

options.

ng and are of t

entified as the

g the developm

made availab

d further in‐de

noted in the a

for major disas

vide a robust v

e years, the m

in 2007. Overa

re estimated to

f which more t


1049 FINAL REP 0

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These hazard

. Furthermore,

from these ha

wards capacity

h better prepa

r disaster relief

funding gap

ge‐sharing

d and discusse

ps. This Draft F

ropical cyclone

gap analysis, r

the catastrophi

four major pe

ment of DRF

le through

epth descriptio

available repor

ster events fro

view of the imp

major events in

all, significant

o have caused

than 95% is du

er Risk A-8144)

16 051215

of

s

,

azards

y

are for

f and

ed

Final

e risk

eview

ic

rils in

ons of

rted

om

pacts

at

ue to

Many DRF

as the und

Banglades

example fo

risk mode

assessed u

A country

both tropi

probabilis

from an an

billion USD

risk profile

financial im

from flood

A funding

expenditu

which maj

without m

over the 14

billion USD

billion USD

rehabilitat

foreign aid

Banglades

analyzed t

expected t

enough to

small; how

insurance

reinsuranc

currently i

(SBC) also

disaster ris

catastroph

microfinan

F options curr

derlying basis

sh in support o

or quantitative

l and model o

using a simplif

‐wide risk pro

cal cyclones an

tic catastrophe

nalysis of the h

D on average

e also provide

mpact from cy

ds will exceed

g gap analysis,

ure associated w

jor catastrophe

major catastrop

4‐year period

D disaster‐rela

D available fu

tion and preve

d. Only around

sh’s institution

to assess its ca

that the size of

be able to pla

wever, it could

solution throu

ce support can

implemented

o has crop insu

sk financing a

hes. These orga

nce networks a

ently impleme

of each solutio

of a future pot

e catastrophe

utputs are pro

fied approach.

ofile, which qu

nd floods in B

e risk model th

historical reco

per year due t

es exceedance

yclones will ex

12.4 billion U

, considered fo

with catastrop

es occur. Alth

phes, the long‐

from 2000 to 2

ated damage a

unding that ha

ention projects

d one‐third of

nal framework

apacity and po

f the domestic

ay an effective

d have the fina

ugh a consorti

n be a viable op

in the country

urance experie

as they offer a n

anizations can

and better flow

ented worldw

on’s financial t

tential DRF so

risk analysis in

ovided. The im

.

uantifies the po

Bangladesh. Th

hat was devel

rd. Overall, Ba

to cyclone and

probability (E

xceed 7.2 billio

SD next year.

or the years 20

phes. Overall,

ough the coun

‐term funding

2013. This fun

and loss is cov

s been reliably

s, 0.68 billion U

f the total avai

k for disaster ri

otential role in

money marke

role in disaste

ancial capacity

ium of domest

ption as illustr

y. In addition,

ence. Financial

number of ser

n also help imp

w of informati

wide typically r

terms. In orde

lution, the tro

n Bangladesh.

mpact of storm

otential econo

he tropical cyc

oped as part o

angladesh is e

d flood (or abo

EP) losses. For

on USD next y

000 to 2013, inv

Bangladesh ex

ntry runs smal

gap is substan

ding deficit ar

vered by availa

y identified, 2.

USD from hum

lable funding

isk manageme

terms of disas

et and capital

er risk financin

y with internat

tic insurance p

rated by an ex

the general in

l NGOs and C

rvices, which c

prove targetin

ion among the

Final Repo

require probab

er to quantify t

opical cyclone

. A detailed de

m surge is not e

omic impact of

clone risk prof

of this project.

expected incur

out 2.2% of the

example, ther

year, and a 1%

volved collect

xperiences siz

ll funding defi

ntial, amounti

rose because o

able funding i

.6 billion USD

manitarian aid

was generate

ent and curren

ster risk finan

market in Ban

ng. The insura

tional reinsura

providers with

xample of “me

nsurance provi

Cooperative can

can help client

ng of relief pro

eir members.


SF13-

bilistic catastro

the risk of a se

hazard was se

escription of t

explicitly mod

f future events

file is derived

The flood risk

r a financial im

e 2014 GDP). T

re is a 1% chan

chance that th

ting data on na

zeable funding

icits or surplu

ing to around

only around ha

in the said per

D came from re

d, and 1.78 bill

d domestically

nt domestic fin

cing. In curren

ngladesh is no

ance sector on

ance support. A

h a strong inte

eso” level flood

ider, Sadharan

n also play an

ts in coping w

ograms throug


1049 FINAL REP 0

ophe risk mod

elected hazard

elected as the p

the tropical cyc

deled, howeve

s, is presented

from the robu

k profile is der

mpact of about

The quantitativ

nce that the

he financial im

ational revenu

g gaps in years

uses in the year

5.5 billion USD

alf of the 10.8

riod. Of the 5.1

ecovery,

lion USD from

y.

nancial marke

nt conditions,

ot large or stron

its own is also

A “meso” leve

ernational

d insurance

n Bima Corpor

n important rol

with the impact

gh their

er Risk A-8144)

17 051215

deling

d for

pilot

clone

er, is

d for

ust

rived

t 3.2

ve

mpact

ue and

s in

rs

D

1

m

et is

it is

ng

o too

el

ration

le in

t of

The final s

assessmen

previously

sovereigns

tools at the

Based on t

include an

penetratio

foundation

These solu

with maxi

Capacity d

national st

and suppo

Implemen

stakeholde

availability

Disaster M

relevant d

would be b

TA, but al

need to wo

Governme

section of the r

nt, identificatio

y described. In

s, case studies

e macro, meso

the internation

n option for dir

on in Banglade

ns for specific

utions are thos

mum benefici

development f

takeholders. T

ort provided b

ntation Agency

ers including m

y of data has b

Management w

ata sets reque

beneficial to id

so serves as an

ork closely wi

ent.

report concent

on of risk finan

n addition to d

with relevanc

o and micro lev

nal context and

rect sovereign

esh as a vehicle

implementab

se which the te

ial impact on d

for disaster ris

The quality of t

by these stakeh

y, i.e., the Mini

ministries, fina

been limited. I

work closely to

sted by the co

dentify a senio

n internal cham

th the consult

trates on risk f

ncing needs, a

describing the

ce to Banglade

vels, all releva

d precedent, s

n risk transfer

e to develop ri

le solutions ar

eam believes w

developing ris

sk financing re

the deliverable

holders. The co

istry of Disast

ancial instituti

It is particularl

ogether, play a

onsultants, esp

or level individ

mpion for the

ant team and

financing optio

and the status

types of risk f

esh are presen

ant to managin

pecific option

and an option

isk financing f

re laid out, to b

will be the mos

sk financing fo

equires tremen

es associated w

onsultant team

ter Manageme

ions, technical

ly important t

an active role i

pecially as the p

dual in both m

implementati

facilitate data

Final Repo

ons for Bangla

of national ris

financing tools

nted, demonstr

ng sovereign e

ns are then iden

n utilizing the

for the low‐inc

be expanded i

st appropriate

or Bangladesh

ndous support

with the TA is

m has been wo

ent, and reache

l organization

that the Minist

in the project,

project approa

ministries who

ion of the TA o

access and de


SF13-

adesh in the co

sk financing m

s available to d

rating the imp

exposure to ca

ntified for Ban

extensive mic

come populat

in the final ph

e to bring to m

.

t and involvem

s directly influ

orking closely

ed out to seve

ns and others.

try of Finance

and provide t

aches decision

o is not only re

outputs. This i

ecision making


1049 FINAL REP 0

ontext of the r

mechanisms

developing wo

plementation o

atastrophe risk

ngladesh. Thes

ro‐finance

ion. The

hase of project

market quickly

ment from var

uenced by the

with the

ral other natio

In general, th

and Ministry

timely access t

n‐making stag

esponsible for

individual wo

g within the

er Risk A-8144)

18 051215

risk

orld

of

k.

se

work.

and

rious

data

onal

he

of

to

es. It

this

ould

1 Intr

Banglades

hazards, su

result in si

regions, an

can lead to

To help th

requested

The expec

rehabilitat

disaster re

disaster ris

To accomp

� Ta

� Ta

� Ta

� Ta

� Ta

During the

with the p

Final Repo

necessary

The Interim

meeting m

December

Gupta, Dr

Anisur Ra

from the c

and variou

Managem

1 The term “

disasters t

roductio

sh, a country lo

uch as floodin

ignificant casu

nd the country

o long term ne

he Governmen

a Technical A

ted eventual i

tion. The TA o

esponse, (iii) co

sk finance.

plish the goals

ask A: Collect

ask B: Hazard

ask C: Exposu

ask D: Develo

ask E: Design

e course of the

project partner

ort presents a b

to build capac

m Working Gr

minutes and att

r 8, 2014 (see A

. C. Marc Ram

ahman and Kh

consultant team

us officials fro

ent and Relief

disaster” is usedtriggered by natu

on

ocated on the

ng, tropical cyc

ualties, proper

y as a whole ty

egative conseq

nt of Banglades

Assistance (TA‐

mpact of the T

outputs includ

onceptual set o

s outlined in th

ion and mana

d model develo

ure data collect

opment of peri

of parametric

e study, prelim

s in the form o

brief descripti

city for DRF so

roup Mission

tendees). The

Appendix for m

mirez and Dr. I

hondoker Gola

m; Ms. Mayum

m the Govern

f, Mr. Mesbah

d interchangeablyural hazard even

Ganges‐Brahm

clones, severe

rty and agricul

ypically sustai

quences for the

sh better prep

‐8144) of capa

TA is improve

e (i) catastroph

of risk finance

he terms of ref

agement of los

opment

tion and vulne

il‐specific cata

indices for fin

minary, interm

of reports, focu

ion of hazards

olutions.

took place in D

Interim Work

meeting minut

Ivan Gomez fr

am Tawhid fro

mi Ozaki, Ms.

nment of Bangl

ul Alam, Add

y with the term “nts.

maputra delta

storms, earthq

lture damage,

in adverse soc

e affected regi

are for such ev

acity building f

ed government

he risk profilin

e solutions, an

ference (ToR),

s and econom

erability asses

strophic risk p

nancial transac

mediate, and fin

used meetings

s in Bangladesh

Dhaka, Bangla

king Group Mi

tes and attend

rom AIR Worl

om ADPC; Mr

Charlotte Ben

ladesh includi

ditional Secreta

“catastrophe” thr

Final Repo

in South Asia

quakes and dr

and monetary

cio‐economic im

ion.

vents, the Asia

for disaster1 ri

t preparednes

ng of Banglad

nd (iv) knowled

the process in

mic impact data

ssment

profiles for Ban

ctions

nal outputs ar

s, presentation

h and outlines

adesh on Dece

ission took pla

dees). The atten

ldwide; Dr. Pe

. Moslehuddin

nson, and Mr. B

ing the Secreta

ary Mr. Golam

roughout this rep


SF13-

a, is exposed to

rought. These

y losses. Furth

mpacts from t

an Developme

isk finance (DR

ss for disaster

desh, (ii) fundi

dge‐sharing w

nvolves five p

a from natural

ngladesh

re to be shared

ns, and worksh

s the proposed

ember 8, 2014

ace in Dhaka,

ndees include

eeranan Towas

n Ahmed and

Bruno Carrasc

ary of the Min

m Mustafa, Mr

port; this term ge


1049 FINAL REP 0

o a multitude

hazards often

hermore, cities

these hazards

ent Bank (ADB

RF) in Banglad

relief and

ing gap analys

workshops on

rimary tasks:

l catastrophes

d and discusse

hops. This Dra

d scope of wor

(see Appendi

Bangladesh on

d Dr. Akshay

shiraporn, Mr

Dr. Simon Yo

co from the A

nistry of Disast

r. Abdu Wazed

enerally refers to

er Risk A-8144)

19 051215

of

n

s,

that

B)

desh.

sis for

ed

aft

rk

x for

n

r.

oung

ADB;

ter

d,

o

Director G

Director o

presented

anticipated

The organ

� Se

� Se

� Se

� Se

20

� Se

� Se

� Se

� Se

in

� Se

� Se

� Se

1.1 Lim

The study

them with

implemen

understan

The scope

and any re

herein are

opinion, en

and data a

accordanc

General of Dep

f TA‐8144. Du

to the stakeho

d completion o

nization of the

ection 1 introd

ection 2 summ

ection 3 gives

ection 4 presen

000 to 2913;

ection 5 outlin

ection 6 outlin

ection 7 descri

ection 8 descri

n Bangladesh;

ection 9 discus

ection 10 lists

ection 11 has a

mitations

summarized

h the process o

ntation of mark

nding of the lim

of services pe

e‐use of (or fai

at the sole ris

ngineering ex

available in the

e with current

partment of Di

uring the interi

olders. The ov

of the study ar

report is as fo

duces the proje

marizes the pro

a detail outlin

nts an assessm

nes probabilist

nes the tropica

ibes and summ

ibes the institu

sses disaster ri

select referenc

an Appendix w

in this report

of understandi

ket‐ready DRF

mitations of bo

erformed durin

ilure to use) th

k of the user. O

perience and j

e literature an

t standards of

isaster Manage

im mission, th

erall timeline

round the end

ollows:

ect and the lay

oject scope;

ne of the variou

ment of the eco

tic tropical risk

l cyclone and

marizes the fun

utional framew

isk financing o

ces;

with meeting m

is intended fo

ng the risk fro

F strategies. Pr

oth the scope a

ng this assessm

his report or th

Our conclusio

judgment, ana

d those provid

professional p

ement, Mr. Sa

he bulk of the t

for the study

d of March 201

yout of the rep

us hazards in

onomic impact

k modeling;

flood risk pro

nding gap ana

work for disas

options for Ba

minutes and li

r use by the G

om disasters in

roper applicati

and methodol

ment may not

he findings, co

ons and recom

alyses conduct

ded by ADB a

practice.

Final Repo

atya Brata Saha

technical work

is planned to b

15.

port;

Bangladesh;

t of major disa

ofile for Bangla

alysis for the y

ter risk manag

angladesh;

ist of attendee

Government of

n Bangladesh f

ion of this stud

ogy of the ent

adequately ad

onclusions, or

mmendations a

ted during the

and various loc


SF13-

a Joint Secreta

k and interim

be about 13 m

asters in Bangl

adesh;

years 2000 to 2

gement and th

es of the Interi

f Bangladesh a

for possible de

dy requires re

tire study.

ddress the nee

recommendat

are based on ou

e course of the

cal agencies, a


1049 FINAL REP 0

ary and Project

conclusions w

months, with th

ladesh for the

2013;

he financial ma

m Workshop.

and ADB to as

evelopment an

ecognition and

eds of other us

tions presente

ur professiona

e study, inform

and are derive

er Risk A-8144)

20 051215

t

was

he

years

arket

ssist

nd

d

sers,

d

al

mation

ed in

2 Pro

The expec

� O

id

th

na

ea

pr

an

pr

th

ri

� O

qu

ex

da

(d

ex

� O

ex

th

th

ow

m

� O

an

ef

m

fin

ri

th

to

m

oject Sc

ted outputs of

Output 1: Catas

dentifies risks

hat are catastro

aturally occur

arthquake, and

rototype for q

nd developme

roject, as discu

he natural haz

sk profile will

Output 2: Quan

uantitative ris

xplore DRF so

ata and ancilla

d) quantificatio

xposure assets

Output 3: Fund

xpenditure ass

he perils of tro

he funding gap

wn responsibi

may exist to res

Output 4: Deve

nd internation

ffective use of

management in

nancing optio

sk financing n

he types of risk

o Bangladesh w

micro levels, all

ope and

f the project in

strophe risk p

across the con

ophic versus s

rring catastrop

d severe storm

quantitative pr

ent of conceptu

ussed in later s

ard for detaile

l also be devel

ntitative risk a

k assessment,

olutions based

ary, (b) collect

on of the haza

s, and (f) devel

ding gap analy

sociated with

opical cyclone,

p analysis will

ilities after a d

spond to such

elopment of d

nal financial an

each DRF opt

n Bangladesh a

ns are discuss

needs, and the

k financing too

will be presen

l relevant to m

d Outline

nclude:

profiling of Ba

ntinuum of dis

slowly on‐setti

phic‐type peril

m. The output

robabilistic risk

ual disaster ris

sections of thi

ed assessment

loped for flood

assessment ‐ U

this analysis w

on its results.

tion of exposu

ard using a sto

lopment of a n

ysis ‐ This out

disasters. Base

flood, earthqu

l consider the

disaster event t

disasters.

disaster risk fi

nd insurance in

tion under con

and the curren

sed for Bangla

status of natio

ols available to

ted, demonstr

managing sove

e

angladesh ‐ A

saster events a

ing. The risk p

ls in Banglades

will inform th

k assessment (

sk financing so

s report, the p

within this stu

d based on inf

Using the peri

will quantify t

This output w

re data, (c) dev

ochastic catalog

national risk p

tput will invol

ed on the anal

uake, and seve

time dimensio

to arrive at an

inance solutio

nstitutions an

nsideration. Th

nt Bangladesh

desh in the co

onal risk finan

o developing w

rating the imp

ereign exposur

Final Repo

A qualitative ri

affecting Bangl

profile will inv

sh, in particul

he selection of

(Output 2), fun

olutions (Outp

peril of tropica

tudy. A simpli

formation from

il of tropical cy

the economic r

will involve (a

velopment of

g, (e) characte

profile.

lve collection o

lyses of the his

ere storm dur

on and stated

overall assess

ons ‐ This outp

nd regulatory f

he institutiona

financial mar

ontext of the ri

ncing mechani

world soverei

plementation o

re to catastrop


SF13-

isk profile will

ladesh and (b)

volve an assess

lar tropical cyc

major perils t

nding gap ana

put 4). At this

al cyclones has

ified country‐w

m the historica

yclones as an e

risk due to na

a) collection of

an industry e

erization of the

of data on nat

storical record

ing the period

intention of th

sment of the fu

put will involv

framework to

al framework f

rket will be an

isk assessment

isms. In additi

igns, case stud

of tools at the m

phe risk. Based


1049 FINAL REP 0

l be created th

) identities risk

sment of majo

clone, flood,

o be used as a

alysis (Output

stage of the

s been selected

wide quantita

al record.

example for

atural hazards

historical haz

xposure datab

e vulnerability

ional revenue

d, in particular

d from 2000 to

he governmen

unding gap th

ve research on

understand

for disaster ris

alyzed. Risk

t, identification

ion to describi

dies with relev

macro, meso a

d on the

er Risk A-8144)

21 051215

hat (a)

ks

or

a

t 3),

d as

tive

and

zard

base,

y of

and

r for

2013,

nt s

hat

n local

sk

n of

ing

vance

and

in

an

pe

fo

re

� O

to

di

w

m

nternational co

n option for di

enetration in B

oundations for

esults of the di

Output 5: Know

o present proje

isaster risk fin

well as meeting

markets.

ontext and pre

irect sovereign

Bangladesh as

r specific impl

isaster risk pro

wledge sharin

ect progress an

nance, which s

gs to discuss p

ecedent, specif

n risk transfer

s a vehicle to d

ementable dis

ofiles, will be p

ng ‐ Several wo

nd results. At

pecifically add

potential publi

fic options are

and (b) an op

develop risk fin

saster risk fina

proposed.

orkshops will

the conclusion

dresses needs

c‐private links

Final Repo

then identifie

ption utilizing

nancing for th

ancing solution

be conducted

n of the projec

and potential

s with internat


SF13-

ed for Banglad

the extensive

he low‐income

ns, which will

d throughout t

ct, an in‐countr

l solutions, wil

tional reinsure


1049 FINAL REP 0

desh, including

micro‐finance

e population. T

l leverage the

the project tim

ry workshop o

ll be conducte

ers and capita

er Risk A-8144)

22 051215

g (a)

e

The

meline

on

ed, as

al

3 Ha

Banglades

population

basin. Ban

earthquak

catastroph

do the cor

hazards th

financing s

Interim Re

affect Bang

number of

impact (as

both flood

smaller eff

been relati

While seve

Specificall

on‐setting,

contamina

property d

phenomen

The four m

considered

provides a

major hist

zards in

sh is one of the

n density, low

ngladesh is reg

kes, severe stor

hic versus slow

responding ec

hat affect Bang

solutions, a pr

eport (e.g., see

gladesh. Flood

f people affect

s indicated by

d and tropical c

fect on Bangla

ively low, the

eral perils occu

ly, viable optio

, and suitable

ation and extre

damage, on wh

non that does n

major perils id

d suitable cand

a general risk p

orical events t

n Bangla

e most at‐risk

w‐lying deltaic

gularly expose

rms, and other

wly on‐setting

conomic and s

gladesh, with t

reliminary qua

e Table 2). In g

d has been sho

ted), while trop

the reported n

cyclone. Sever

adesh as a who

potential for c

ur in Banglade

ons for DRF in

for accurate q

eme temperatu

hich typical D

not considerab

entified in the

didates for ass

profile of thes

that have impa

adesh

countries in th

geography, an

ed to several d

rs (e.g., see Tab

hazards. The

social impact. I

the ultimate go

alitative risk r

general, floods

own to affect c

pical cyclone h

number of peo

re storms, whi

ole. Although

catastrophic d

esh, not all pe

nclude perils th

quantification t

ure, although

DRF solutions a

bly affect the c

e Interim Repo

sessing the dev

e four perils, i

acted Banglad

he world to na

nd location wi

ifferent hazard

ble 1). These h

severity, frequ

In order to ass

oal of evaluati

anking of peri

and tropical c

considerably m

has been show

ople killed). Th

ile very freque

the frequency

amage and de

rils are equall

hat are natura

through mode

can severely a

are built. Othe

country as a w

ort, tropical cy

velopment of

including an a

desh.

Final Repo

atural hazards

ithin an active

ds, including t

hazards can be

uency, and loc

sess the severi

ing the need a

ils affecting Ba

cyclones have

more people (a

wn to have a h

he majority of

ent, are typical

y of damaging

estruction is ve

ly suitable for

ally occurring,

eling. Some pe

affect the popu

er perils, such

whole.

yclone, flood, e

DRF solutions

assessment of f


SF13-

s, mainly due t

e monsoon and

tropical cyclon

e generally gro

cation of these

ity and impact

and viability o

angladesh was

been shown t

as indicated by

higher intensity

f reported econ

lly local event

earthquakes i

ery high.

disaster risk f

catastrophic r

erils, such as a

ulation, do no

as landslide, a

earthquake, an

s in Banglades

financial and s


1049 FINAL REP 0

to its high

d tropical cycl

nes, floods,

ouped into

e hazards vary

t of the variou

of disaster risk

s carried out i

to most advers

y the reported

y of populatio

nomic loss is d

ts and have a

in Bangladesh

financing (DRF

rather than slo

arsenic

t generally lea

are typically lo

nd severe storm

sh. This section

societal impac

er Risk A-8144)

23 051215

lone

y, as

us

n the

sely

d

on

due to

h has

F).

owly

ad to

ocal

m, are

n

cts of

3.1 Tro

Banglades

Bay of Ben

tropical cy

of at least

within Ban

May, June

The impac

winds, tor

bathymetr

are typical

coastline f

storm surg

storm surg

2 Does not in3 Includes co

transport/

(403,188 r

Tropic

Ear

Seve

Extreme

D

Buildin

La

Arsenic C

River B

Saltwa

Clima

Table

Trop

Sev

Ea

opical Cyc

sh is situated w

ngal sub‐basin

yclones with at

34 knots) occu

ngladesh bord

e, October, and

ct of tropical cy

rrential rain, fl

ry, and cyclon

lly associated

from Patuakha

ge heights of a

ge heights of a

nclude 500 millio

ollapse, drought,/industrial/misce

reported killed an

Table

Peril

cal Cyclone

Flood

rthquake

ere Storm

Temperature

Drought

Fire

ng Collapse

andslide

Contamination

Bank Erosion

ter Intrusion

ate Change

2. General Ha

Peril

Flood

ical Cyclone

vere Storm

arthquake

Other3

clone

within the acti

n. The historica

t least tropical

ur in the Bay o

ders. Tropical c

d November.

yclones in Ban

looding, storm

e characteristi

with severe st

ali to Chittagon

about 13 meter

about 5 meters

on USD damage r, extreme temper

ellaneous accidennd 3,042,429 repo

e 1. List of Ma

Type

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Catastrophi

Slowly On-Set

Slowly On-Set

Slowly On-Set

Slowly On-Set

azard Conseq

People Killed(Percent Total)

7%

89%

1%

<1%

2%

ve North Indi

al record (e.g.,

l storm streng

of Bengal sub‐b

cyclone activit

ngladesh can l

m surge, and la

ics (e.g., refer D

torm surge. Hi

ng are most vu

rs, while other

s. Figure 1 illu

reported for the rature, significannts. Does not incorted affected)

ajor Hazards i

Potentia

ic H

ic H

ic H

ic Mo

ic L

ic H

ic L

ic L

ic L

tting N

tting N

tting N

tting N

quence in Ba

People Affe(Percent T

75%

18%

1%

<1%

6%

an Ocean trop

IBTrACS, 201

th (e.g., storm

basin every ye

ty in Banglade

lead to many h

andslides. Prim

Dube et al., 19

istorical record

ulnerable for s

r coastline area

strates the gen

2004 Indian Ocent fire disasters, lalude the 1943 Be

Final Repo

in Banglades

al Severity R

High

High

High

derate

Low

High

Local

Local

Local

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

angladesh (So

ected Total)

Estim(Pe

pical cyclone b

14) indicates th

ms with maxim

ear, with abou

esh is typically

hazards, inclu

marily due to i

997 and Khan,

ds (e.g., SAAR

storm surges,

as are also vul

neral tropical c

ean Earthquake aandslides, comp

engal Famine (1,9


SF13-

sh

Relative Freque

High

High

Low

High

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Low

Low

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

ource: EMDA

mated Damage ercent Total)

68%

27%

5%

-2

-

basin, and mor

hat an average

mum 10‐minute

ut one per year

y higher durin

ding but not l

its low‐lying d

1991), cyclone

RC, 1998) have

having maxim

lnerable with

cyclone risk in

and Tsunami lex disasters, and900,000 reported


1049 FINAL REP 0

ncy

AT)

re locally with

e of about five

e sustained wi

r passing direc

ng the months

limited to high

deltaic geograp

es in Banglade

e shown that t

mum reported

maximum rep

n Bangladesh.

d significant killed) or epidem

er Risk A-8144)

24 051215

hin the

e

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ctly

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h

phy,

esh

the

d

ported

mics

According

world sinc

tropical cy

Cyclone w

(1991 USD

significant

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Banglades

This sectio

cyclones. I

summariz

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Banglades

g to the Interna

ce 1900 occurr

yclone ever rec

was also one th

D) in economic

t economic im

ess than 5,000

sh (e.g., disaste

on provides an

In addition, a

ed and discus

and economic

omic losses. A

sh are also disc

Figure 1

ational Disaste

ed in Banglad

corded, with s

he most devast

c impact and o

pact, estimate

people, illustr

er shelters, ear

n overview an

consequence d

ssed in this sec

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er Database (E

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some estimates

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ed at about 1.7

rating the succ

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ction. A conseq

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her detail.

opical Cyclon

EMDAT, 2014)

mple, the 1970 B

s indicating ov

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eaths. More re

7 to 3.8 billion

cess of recent a

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ent tropical cy

ne Risk in Ban

Final Repo

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Bhola Cyclone

ver 500,000 pe

bally, causing

ecently, Tropic

(2007 USD) in

advancement

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al cyclones ha

ase is a collecti

number of fat

yclone events

ngladesh (So


SF13-

deadliest tropic

e is considered

eople killed. Th

an estimated

cal Cyclone Si

n economic im

in disaster ma

ions).

hazard data fo

as been develo

ion of reporte

talities, people

that have sign

ource: SPARR


1049 FINAL REP 0

cal cyclones in

d to be the dea

he 1991 Bangl

1.8 to 3.0 billio

dr in 2007 cau

pact, although

anagement in

or tropical

oped and is

d information

e affected, dam

nificantly impa

RSO)

er Risk A-8144)

25 051215

n the

adliest

adesh

on

used

h life

n on

mage,

acted

3.1.1 H

The Intern

the histori

endorsed I

Specificall

4, 2013. Al

data from

data and p

contained

more agen

tropical sto

reporting

priority ra

Ta

Priority

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Figure 2 preported p1970s, mos

either clasknots, or “to 1970 are

4 The termin

the Atlant

Historical T

national Best T

ical tropical cy

IBTrACS as an

ly, the data is e

ll storms that e

1877 to 2012.

preliminary re

in IBTrACS fo

ncy may repor

orm activity fo

agency. The se

anking listed in

able 3. Histor

y

Global TroIn

Global TroIn

Global Conso

Joint

Joint

Chi

rovides a sumpeak maximum

st of the reporsified as “Trop“Hurricane” we not known. I

nology used for trtic‐based termino

Tropical Cy

Tracks Archive

yclone databas

n official archi

extracted from

entered the Ba

For the 2013 s

ports from the

or this region i

rt data for the s

or the region,

election proce

n Table 3.

rical Tropical

Reporting Agenc

opical Cyclone "Besntensity Data “UCA(North Indian Oce

opical Cyclone "Besntensity Data “UCA

(Western Pacific

olidated Tropical C

Typhoon Analogs (

Typhoon Warning (Indian Ocean

Typhoon Warning (Western Pacific

RSMC New Del

na Meteorological AShanghai Typhoo

RSMC Tokyo,

Hong Kong Obs

JTWC Best Tra

IMD Preliminary

Bay of Bengal S

mmary of the dm sustained wrted storm intepical Depressiwith winds 64 kIn recent years

ropical cyclone iology is typically

yclone Info

e for Climate S

se for Banglad

iving and distr

m Version v03r

ay of Bengal su

eason, data fro

e IMD (India M

is derived from

same storm. In

a single set of

ss was based o

Cyclone Data

cy Source

st Track" Position aAR ds824.1” ean Basin)

st Track" Position aAR ds824.1” c Basin)

yclone Data (DSI-9

(DSI-9635)

Center “JTWC” Basin)

Center “JTWC” c Basin)

hi, India

Administration on Institute

Japan

servatory

ck Data

Reports

Sub-Basin Total

data quality of winds of each inensities were gion” with wind

knots or greats, storm monit

ntensity classificy used.

ormation

Stewardship (I

esh. The Worl

ribution resou

r05 of the “IBT

ub‐basin are in

om the JTWC

Meteorologica

m several agen

n order to pro

storm data fo

on data availa

abase Summ

Abbrevi

and UCAR ds

and UCAR ds

9636) DSI-96

DSI-96

JTW

JTW

IMD

CMA

JMA

HKO

JTW

IMD

the historical ndividual storgiven default vds less than 34er)4. Thus, thetoring in the re

cation is different

Final Repo

IBTrACS) proj

ld Meteorolog

urce for tropica

TrACS‐All”, w

ncluded in the

(Joint Typhoo

al Department

ncies outlined

ovide a single a

or each given s

ability and qua

ary for the Ba

iation Year Start

s824.1 1877

s824.1 1877

636 1877

635 1952

WC 1945

WC 1945

D 1990

A 1951

A 1952

O 1961

WC 2013

D 2013

1877

tropical cyclorm by year andvalues based o4 knots, “Trope actual storm egion has imp

t for the differen


SF13-

ject was select

gical Organiza

al cyclone best

which was rele

e database. Th

on Warning Ce

t) were used. T

d in Table 3. No

and homogeni

storm was extr

ality, and gene

ay of Bengal

Year End

Numbof stor

in IBTrA

1980 1,15

1980 25

1989 1,25

1975 21

2012 536

2012 54

2012 144

2006 51

2006 48

2006 48

2013 0

2013 0

2013 N/A

one database. Td reporting agon qualitative pical Storm” wintensities forproved, resulti

nt regions of the w


1049 FINAL REP 0

ted as the basi

tion (WMO) h

t track data.

ased on Nove

his dataset inclu

enter) best tra

The storm data

ote that one or

ized view of

racted from on

erally follows

Sub-Basin

ber rms

ACS

Number ostorms in

final database

52 1,152

22

50 97

0

6 89

19

4 67

0

0

0

6

3

A 1,455

The Figure plogency. Prior todescriptions (

with winds 34 tr most storms ing in better d

world. In this rep

er Risk A-8144)

26 051215

s of

has

ember

udes

ack

a

r

ne

the

of n

e

ots the o the (e.g., to 63 prior

data.

port,

Figure

Figure 3 psub‐basin peak reporpeak categBased on tstorm” strone “tropiconsistent Note that tcontributin

sustained is on the oactivity by

ki

e 2. Summary

Represen

lots the reportand a zoomed

rted sustainedgory reached dthe data indicaength tropicalical storm” strwith other estthese metrics ng agencies ofwind speeds. order of 10%‐15y year and mon

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1870

Peak

Maxim

um

Sustained

Winds (knots)

N/A

y of the Data Q

nts Summary

ted storm tracd‐in area around wind speed, during the durated in Table 5l cyclones (e.gength tropicaltimates foundare derived frf IBTrACS useThe relative d5% (e.g., refer nth are shown

0 1890

JTWCUCAR dsIMDDSI‐963

Quality of the

Storm Inform

ks from the hind Bangladeshis shown in Tration of the tr5, the entire Ba., reported peal cyclone enterd in the literatuom the reporte different averdifference in noHarper et al.,

n in Figure 4 a

1910 1

s824.1

6

e Tropical Cyc

mation of Eac

istorical tropich. The number

able 4 and Tabropical cycloneay of Bengal suak sustained wrs Bangladeshure (e.g., Ali, 1ed wind speedraging periodormalized sus 2009). Plots ilnd Figure 5.

930 1950

Year

Final Repo

clone Historic

ch Given Stor

cal cyclone datr of storms in ble 5. The store (not necessaub‐basin expewind speeds 3h borders, on a1999; Islam & Pd as given by s that include stained winds llustrating the

0 1970


SF13-

cal Database

rm in the Data

taset for the enthe catalog, asrm category coarily the categoeriences about 34 knots or greaverage per yePeterson, 2009IBTrACS. The1‐, 3‐, and 10‐between these

e frequency of

1990 2


1049 FINAL REP 0

e – Each Mark

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ntire Bay of Bes classified byorresponds to ory at landfallfive “tropical

eater), and aboear. This is 9; SAARC, 199e various ‐min averagese averaging petropical storm

010

er Risk A-8144)

27 051215

ker

engal the the ). out

98).

s of eriods m

Table 4

Tro

Trop

Tr

Table 5. A

S

Tropic

Hurr

Figure 3. Sto

4. Number of

opical Cyclone Strength

N/A

pical Depression

ropical Storm

Hurricane

Total

Average Year

Storm Type

Any Storm

al Storm Strengtor Stronger

ricane Strength or Stronger

orm Tracks fr

f Reported Sto

PeaSustained W

No

rly Number of

PeSustained

th

rom Tropical

orms from th

Benga

k Reported Wind Speed (kno

t Reported

< 34

34 – 63

≥ 64

Any

f Reported St

the Bay of B

eak Reported d Wind Speed (k

Any

≥ 34

≥ 64

Cyclone Hist

e Historical T

al (1877 – 201

ots) Numberin Bay

1

torms from th

Bengal (1877

knots)

AverNumbin Ba

Final Repo

torical Databa

Tropical Cycl

3)

r of Storms of Bengal

85

729

406

235

1,455

he Historical

– 2013)

rage Yearly ber of Storms ay of Bengal

10.6

4.7

1.7


SF13-

ase by Peak I

one Database

Number oEntering Bangl

1

8

7

54

21

Tropical Cyc

AveraNumber

Entering Ban


1049 FINAL REP 0

Intensity

e for the Bay

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1

5

2

4

12

clone Databas

ge Yearly r of Storms gladesh Border

1.5

0.9

0.4

er Risk A-8144)

28 051215

of

se for

rs

Figure 4

Figure 5.

3.1.2 T

Disaster co

from majo

sources, bo

inventory

4. Yearly Stor

Monthly Sto

Tropical Cy

onsequence da

or historical tro

oth local and i

of reported tr

Number o

f Storm

s Per Y

ear w

ith

Reported

Peak

Sustained

Wind

Speeds

of34knotsorGreater

Average

Number o

f Storm

s Per Y

ear

with

Reported

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Wind

Speeds o

f 34

knots

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reater

m Frequency

rm Frequenc

yclone Con

atabases for tr

opical cyclone

international.

opical cyclone

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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1870 1

of 3

4 knots

or G

reater

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

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En

y Derived from

y Derived fro

nsequence

ropical cyclone

events occurr

This data was

e (including tr

1890 1910

Occurring in BaEntering Bangl10 Year Movin

ccurring in Bay

tering Banglad

m the Tropica

om the Tropic

e

es in Banglade

ring in Bangla

s assembled in

ropical storm a

1930 195Year

ay of Bengaladesh

g Average

of Bengal

desh

Final Repo

al Cyclone His

cal Cyclone H

esh are limited

adesh has been

nto a database

and tropical de

50 1970


SF13-

storical Data

Historical Data

d. As such, con

n collected from

and represent

epression) eve

1990 2010


1049 FINAL REP 0

base (1877-2

abase (1877-2

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0

er Risk A-8144)

29 051215

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ta

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ensive

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1. A

R

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Ep

9. G

R

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nificant reporte

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ALI: Ali, A. (19esearch, Vol 1ANGLAPEDI

ILHAM: BilhaAmer. 84(5), 16MD: Data fromDCMU: Data frDMIC: Data anSituation RepoDUBE: Dube, Say of Bengal aMDAT: The Epidemiology oGLIDE: The GLeduction CentGOB: Data andNeeds Assessmhe “In‐depth RFRC: Data andKHAN: Khan, Surge Modellin

MDMR: Data fMUNICHRE: DNPDM: GovernManagement 20RAMANIK: PRELIEFWEB: Tnd non‐governeports, press remergencies wo

RSOE: Hungar

mergency andAARC: South SMRC) (1998) heir InfluenceWIKIPEDIA: R

ed impact on p

sources, includ

999) “Climate c2: 109‐116 IA: The nationam, R. (1994) “50‐1657 m the Bangladrom the Disastnd reports fromorts” S. K., Rao, A. Dand Arabian SeEmergency Evof Disasters (CLobal IDEntifiter (ADRC) d reports from ment For DisasRecovery Need

d reports fromS.R. (1991) “Cyng, Chittagongfrom the BangDisaster impac

nment of the P010‐2015” DisaPramanik, M.A

The online infonmental organeleases, appeaorldwide rian National Ad Disaster InfoAsian Associa“The Impact oe in the RegionReports and in

population an

ding:

change impact

nal encycloped“The 1737 Calc

desh Meteorol

ter Coordinatim the Disaster

D., Sinha, P. C.ea: The probleents DatabaseCRED) er (GLIDE) nu

the Governmter Recovery ads Assessment

the Internatioyclone Hazard

g Port Authorigladesh Minist

ct data from MPeople’s Repubaster Managem

A.H. (1994) Mormation reponizations, goveals, policy docu

Association oformation Serviation for Regioof Tropical Cyn”, SMRC No. nformation coll

d assets in Ban

ts and adaptat

dia of Bangladcutta Earthqua

ogical Departmion and Monit

r Management

., Murty, T. S.,em and its pree (EMDAT), m

umber databas

ment of Bangladand Reconstrut of Cyclone Aonal Federatiod in Bangladesty Report, revtry of DisasterMunichRe blic of Bangladment Bureau,

May Cyclone ofsitory “ReliefWernments, reseuments, analy

Radio Distresice (EDIS) onal Cooperatclones on the 1 lected from W

Final Repo

ngladesh. Dat

tion assessmen

desh ake and Cyclo

ment toring Unit of t Information C

, and Bahulayadiction,” Mau

maintained by t

se, maintained

desh, includinuction” for 200Aila Affected Aon of Red Crossh,” in Backgrvised by Dame

r Management

desh (2010) “NDisaster Mana

f BangladeshWeb,” which search institutioysis and maps

ss‐Signalling a

tion (SAARC) Coastal Regio

Wikipedia


SF13-

ta was collecte

nt in Banglade

one Evaluated

Bangladesh Centre of Ban

an, N. (1997) “usam 48, 283–3the Centre for

d by the Asian

ng the report “07 Cyclone SidAreas” ss and Red Creround informa

en, M. t and Relief

National Plan agement & Re Seisan‐Kenkyscans websites

ons and the mrelated to hum

and Infocomm

Meteorologic

ons of SAARC


1049 FINAL REP 0

ed and process

esh” Climate

d,” Bull. Seism.

ngladesh, inclu

“Storm surge i304 Research on t

n Disaster

“Damage, Lossdr and data fro

escent Societieation on the St

for Disaster elief Divisionyu, Vol 46, No

s of internationmedia for news

manitarian

munications (R

cal Research CCountries and

er Risk A-8144)

30 051215

sed

. Soc.

uding

in the

the

s and om

es torm

o 10 nal s,

RSOE)

Centre d

Table 6 prcontains incorrespond

historical ddwellings listed. For sectors), thvalues aretropical cyexample, i

Overall, av1.23 millio

and non‐trcostliest trreported ewhich sughave each and 1991. consequen

lost.

IBTrACS ID Year Day

Star

N/A 1582 N/AN/A 1699 N/AN/A 1737 N/AN/A 1767 N/AN/A 1789 334

N/A 1822 151

N/A 1831 303

N/A 1870 273

N/A 1872 273

N/A 1876 299

1897294N14096 1897 294

1898125N13095 1898 125

1904326N13089 1904 326

1909288N14094 1909 288

1911105N14087 1911 105

1912302N08089 1912 302

1913286N18086 1913 286

1917121N10084 1917 121

1917297N11093 1917 297

1919266N15089 1919 266

1923122N14085 1923 122

1926139N09085 1926 139

1941142N13095 1941 142

1942287N17090 1942 287

1947288N21090 1947 288

1948137N15093 1948 137

1955295N16086 1955 295

1958136N16088 1958 136

1958295N19090 1958 295

1959191N21090 1959 191

1960148N20089 1960 148

1960273N13117 1960 282

1960302N08090 1960 302

1961125N11096 1961 125

1961147N15095 1961 147

1962299N10094 1962 299

esents the evenformation fording IBTrACSdatabase prevdestroyed, dwlife loss (deathe minimum a not trended ayclone consequit is noted that

vailable reporton lives lost, 61rending of valropical cycloneeconomic impa

ggests a larger been reportedThe 1970 evenntly one of the

Table 6.

y rt

IBTrACS Storm Name

Dwellings Damaged

A N/A A N/A A N/A A N/A 4 N/A 1 N/A 3 N/A 3 N/A 3 N/A 9 N/A 4 NOT NAMED 5 NOT NAMED 6 NOT NAMED 8 NOT NAMED 5 NOT NAMED 2 NOT NAMED 6 NOT NAMED 1 NOT NAMED 7 NOT NAMED 6 NOT NAMED 2 NOT NAMED 9 NOT NAMED 2 NOT NAMED 7 NOT NAMED 8 15B 7 03B 5 10B 6 02B 5 08B 1 08B 8 01B 2 10B 62,725 B

2 09B 5 04B:WINNIE 7 05B 9 10B

ent‐by‐event sur 93 tropical cyS ID which canviously discusswellings dama

ths plus missin

and maximum

and corresponuence records,t many landfal

ts indicate tha1.6 million peolues mentioned

es on record aracts of 3.78 anrelative finand to cause 100,nt is the event world’s dead

. Consequenc

Source Dwellings Destroyed

8,000

BANGLAPEDIA 568,161 BAN

ummary of theyclone events n be joined wit

sed. Table 7 praged, people ang people) andm values as repd to year‐of es, and many knlling storms d

at tropical cyclople affected, d earlier, the are TC Sidr in 2d 3.00 billion Ucial impact for,000 or more liwith the high

dliest natural h

ce Database o

Source People Affected

25,000 SAARC

100,000 NGLAPEDIA

e consequencespanning fromth the storm presents a decadffected, and ind economic losported by the dstimates. In genown events ao not have rep

lone events in and 4.7 to 9.0 bactual historica2007 and the 1USD, respectivr the older 199ives lost: evenest reported hhazard event in

of Tropical Cy

Source Injuries Sou

SAARC

12 SAA

SAARC

Final Repo

e database of tm 1582 to 2013parameters derdal summary njuries, typicalss (generally tdifferent sourceneral, there arare missing conported conseq

Bangladesh sibillion USD inal impact is ex1991 Bangladevely. Note tha91 event. At lents in 1582, 187human life tolln history) with

yclone Event

urce Life Loss Min

Source

200,000 SAARC

50,000 SAARC

30,000 SAARC

20,000 MUNICHR

40,000 DCMU

215,000 MUNICHR

270 KHAN

100,000 DCMU

14,000 BANGLAPED

175,000 DCMU

143 BANGLAPED

172 SAARC

120,000 KHAN

40,000 ALI 500 BANGLAPED

70,000 KHAN

432 BANGLAPED

3,500 SAARC

606 KHAN

5,000 SAARC

61,000 EMDAT

500 SAARC

1,200 BANGLAPED

1,700 MUNICHR

ARC 870 BANGLAPED

500 SAARC

14,000 MUNICHR

106 KHAN

3,000 EMDAT

5,149 SAARC

11,466 DUBE

10,466 KHAN

1,000 BANGLAPED


SF13-

tropical cyclon3. Most of the erived from theof the conseqully the largest the financial imces are listed. Nre several datansequence infoquence data.

ince 1900 haven damages. Duxpected to be mesh cyclone, wi

at these numbe

east 8 tropical 70, 1876, 1897, l in Bangladeshh estimates of

ts in Banglad

Life Loss Max

Source

300,000 BILHAM

RE 50,000 SAARC 22,000 SAARC

RE

400,000 KHAN DIA 175,000 KHAN

DIA

698 BANGLAPEDIA

DIA

DIA

40,000 KHAN

2,700 SAARC 7,000 KHAN

DIA

RE DIA

12,000 KHAN RE

11,446 KHAN 10,000 MUNICHRE 11,468 DCMU

DIA 50,000 KHAN


1049 FINAL REP 0

ne events. Theevents have a e tropical cyclouence databasreported valumpact for all Note that the a gaps in availormation. For

e resulted in 0ue to the data more severe. Tith maximum ers are untrencyclone event1898, 1911, 19h (and up to 500,000

desh

Econ Loss Min (M USD)

Source Lo

(M

A

63 MUNICHRE

er Risk A-8144)

31 051215

e table

one se. For ue is

lable

0.75 to gaps The

nded, s 970,

lives

Econ oss Min

M USD)Source

IBTrACS ID Year Day

Star

1963144N09090 1963 144

1963291N09092 1963 291

1964278N21091 1964 278

1965129N14085 1965 129

1965146N15089 1965 146

1965340N05092 1965 340

1966270N10090 1966 270

1966341N08088 1966 341

1967293N09090 1967 293

1969282N18087 1969 282

1970122N10089 1970 122

1970291N14085 1970 291

1970312N12086 1970 312

1971271N20089 1971 271

1973339N07088 1973 339

1974225N22089 1974 225

1974327N11088 1974 327

1975125N13096 1975 125

1975155N16087 1975 155

1977129N08084 1977 129

1981321N12092 1981 321

1981339N11089 1981 339

1983282N09155 1983 282

1983309N10091 1983 309

1985143N16088 1985 143

1985288N19089 1985 288

1986313N22089 1986 313

1987150N13095 1987 150

1988291N15095 1988 291

1988327N06100 1988 327

1989143N17090 1989 143

1990280N18091 1990 280

1990348N04087 1990 348

1991113N10091 1991 113

1991150N14091 1991 150

1994117N07096 1994 117

1995323N05097 1995 323

1996122N08092 1996 122

1996296N09093 1996 296

1997133N03092 1997 133

1997263N14084 1997 263

1998133N04086 1998 133

1998320N10102 1998 320

2000300N14093 2000 300

2002314N12083 2002 314

2003206N21089 2003 206

2004136N15090 2004 136

2006264N23087 2006 264

2007133N15091 2007 133

2007314N10093 2007 314

2008168N21090 2008 168

2008298N16085 2008 298

2009104N13088 2009 104

2009143N17089 2009 143

2010280N18085 2010 280

2012285N21091 2012 285

N/A 2013 135

Due to the

issued by

events. Ta

cyclones th

Bijli, 2009

and Bargu

significant

presented

y rt

IBTrACS Storm Name

Dwellings Damaged

4 03B 1 10B 8 11B 9 01B 6 02B 0 12B 35,636 0 08B 249,000 1 17B 3 12B 2 10B 2 03B 1 12B 2 15B 400,000 B

1 11B 9 14B 5 06B 7 12B 5 03B 5 05B 9 01B 1 NOT NAMED 9 NOT NAMED 2 KIM 9 NOT NAMED 3 NOT NAMED 34,611 8 NOT NAMED 3 NOT NAMED 3,446 0 NOT NAMED 1 NOT NAMED 7 NOT NAMED 863,837 3 NOT NAMED 20,008 0 NOT NAMED 8 NOT NAMED 63,562 3 NOT NAMED 882,750 0 NOT NAMED 20,274 7 NOT NAMED 62,677 3 NOT NAMED 44,664 2 NOT NAMED 15,976 6 NOT NAMED 30,000 3 NOT NAMED 452,886 3 NOT NAMED 163,352 3 NOT NAMED 9,945 0 NOT NAMED 0 NOT NAMED 3,000 4 NOT NAMED 1,000 6 NOT NAMED 67,727 6 NOT NAMED 18,438 4 NOT NAMED 3 AKASH 845 4 SIDR 957,110 8 NOT NAMED 8 RASHMI 12,404 4 BIJLI 5,991 3 AILA 369,702 0 NOT NAMED 5 NOT NAMED 16,330 5 MAHASEN 114,396

e availability o

the DMIC/DM

ble 8 and Figu

hat have affec

TC Aila, 2012

una have been

t reported imp

in the next se

Source Dwellings Destroyed

376,332 BAN

SAARC SAARC 60,000

BANGLAPEDIA

2,300

2,000 SAARC 90,915

MDMR 1,116

MDMR 788,715 MDMR 12,173

MDMR 75,085 MDMR 819,608 MDMR 34,791 SAARC 45,000 MDMR 22,395 MDMR 15,868 SAARC MDMR 290,320 MDMR 51,435

RELIEFWEB 3,178 R

BMD BMD MDMR 4,980 MDMR 19,535

IFRC 205 GOB 564,967

DMIC 4,360 DMIC 1,460 DMIC 242,882

DMIC 8,050 DMIC 21,736

of more detaile

MB, a more det

ure 6 and Figu

ted Banglades

TC BOB 01, an

most impacte

pact. More det

ction.


NGLAPEDIA

60,000 E

SAARC 1,500,000

40,000 4,700,000

SAARC

2,000,000 E

5,000 E

SAARC SAARC 1,810,000 E

MDMR 238,600

MDMR 10,568,860 E

MDMR 346,087 13,870 E

MDMR 1,015,866 SAARC 15,438,849 E

MDMR 121,229 SAARC 500,000 MDMR 305,953 MDMR 81,162

MDMR 3,784,916 MDMR 2,015,669 ELIEFWEB 650,000 RE

121,000 E

MDMR 312,817 MDMR 116,269

9,135 E

IFRC 80,000 GOB 8,923,259

DMIC 321,839 DMIC 92,558 DMIC 4,826,630

DMIC 133,688 DMIC 1,328,237

ed records in r

tailed account

ure 7 illustrate

sh over the las

nd 2013 TC M

ed, as expected

tails on these r

Source Injuries Sou

EMDAT SAARC

SAARC SAARC

50 SAA

EMDAT

EMDAT

EMDAT

MDMR

430 SAA

EMDAT MDMR EMDAT MDMR EMDAT 1,390,540 BM

MDMR SAARC 4,850 SAA

MDMR MDMR

MDMR 9,663 SAA

MDMR 2,396 BM

ELIEFWEB 504 RELIEF

EMDAT

MDMR MDMR EMDAT RSOE GOB 55,282 GO

DMIC DMIC 16 DM

DMIC 7,103 DM

DMIC 183 DM

DMIC 1,766 DM

recent years, p

t of tropical cy

e the reported

st decade, nam

Mahasen. In gen

d. However, in

recent cyclones

Final Repo

urce Life Loss Min

Source

11,520 DCMU

79 EMDAT

196 DUBE

17,279 BMD 12,000 KHAN

870 KHAN

500 MUNICHR

850 BMD 41 EMDAT

175 KHAN

18 KHAN

200 SAARC

200,000 BMD 11,000 BANGLAPED

101 DCMU

600 BANGLAPED

ARC 20 DCMU

5 DCMU

0 SAARC

13 EMDAT

1,000 EMDAT

2 DCMU

43 DCMU

0 SAARC

4,264 SAARC

71 EMDAT

12 MDMR

12 EMDAT

ARC 31 EMDAT

1,000 EMDAT

573 MDMR

150 KHAN

132 MDMR

MD 138,866 EMDAT

76 MDMR

ARC 134 MDMR

91 MDMR

545 MDMR

9 SAARC

ARC 111 EMDAT

MD 67 SAARC

FWEB 14 BMD 40 RELIEFWE

3 BMD 2 BMD

11 MDMR

89 MDMR

115 EMDAT

3 IFRC OB 3,406 GOB

31 WIKIPEDI

7 DMIC

MIC 5 DMIC

MIC 190 DMIC

17 WIKIPEDI

MIC 36 DMIC

MIC 17 DMIC

particularly tho

yclone consequ

consequence,

mely 2007 TC S

neral, coastal d

nland districts

s, as well as th


SF13-

Life Loss Max

Source

22,000 SAARC

19,280 MUNICHRE

2,873 SAARC RE 850 SAARC

270 SAARC

300 EMDAT 500,000 SAARC

DIA

1,000 SAARC DIA 2,500 MUNICHRE

300 SAARC

50 SAARC

72 SAARC 1,043 KHAN 300 DCMU

15,000 EMDAT

50 SAARC

300 SAARC 11,708 KHAN

370 EMDAT

150,000 BANGLAPEDIA

300 SAARC 400 BANGLAPEDIA

650 BANGLAPEDIA

2,009 SAARC 155 SAARC 1,067 SAARC 114 BMD

EB 200 EMDAT 253 BMD 182 BMD

90 RSOE 4,407 GOB

A 13 DMIC 7 EMDAT

500 MUNICHRE A

108 DMIC

ose from the S

uence is availa

by District, fo

Sidr, 2008 TC R

districts such

s such as Gopa

he 1970 and 19


1049 FINAL REP 0

Econ Loss Min (M USD)

Source Lo

(M50 MUNICHRE

58 MUNICHRE

22 EMDAT

63.0 MUNICHRE

50 MUNICHRE

310 MUNICHRE

A 1,780 EMDAT

A 131 SAARC A

1,675 GOB

270 MUNICHRE

200 GOB

Situation Repo

able for recent

or six major tro

Rashmi, 2009 T

as Bhola, Bage

alganj also hav

991 cyclones, a

er Risk A-8144)

32 051215

Econ oss Min

M USD)Source

86.4 EMDAT

3,000 MUNICHRE

200 PRAMANIK

3,775 MUNICHRE

1,149 GOB

orts

opical

TC

erhat,

ve

are

Decade N

of

Pre‐1900s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Total

Ta

(2007

Table 7.

Number f Events

Dwel

Dama

12

2 6 2 ‐ 4 4

16 347 10 400 11 921 12 1,746 11 1,436 3 13093 4,982

able 8. Distric

7 TC Sidr, 2008

. Decadal Sum

llings aged

Dwellin

Destroy

8,000

,361 1,004,4,000 2,300,902 894,96,086 1,357,66,217 838,38,726 29,782,292 4,135,5

t-Wide Conse

8 TC Rashmi,

District

Bhola Bagerhat Barguna Noakhali Patuakhali Pirojpur Khulna Jhalokati Satkhira Barisal

Madaripur Shariatpur Narsingdi Gopalganj Jessore

Chandpur Faridpur Chittagong Munshiganj Cox's Bazar Lakshmipur Comilla

Narayanganj Narail

Kishoreganj Dhaka

Manikganj Rajbari

Maulvibazar Feni

mmary of the

ngs yed

People

Affected

0 25,000

493 1,660,00

0 4,740,00

19 14,968,5

680 24,048,5

89 14,682,5

86 1,461,92

567 61,586,4

equence Data

2009 TC Bijli,

People Affecte

2,009,692

1,718,824

1,648,845

1,465,698

1,395,721

1,319,829

1,082,246

827,671

776,916

653,260

595,000

423,023

306,538

257,354

223,608

175,579

154,540

114,413

102,322

86,705

82,672

70,527

57,998

35,024

18,140

15,180

4,200

3,775

755

156

Tropical Cyc

e d Injuries

0

12 00 00 50 47 430 14 1,407,953

07 62,401 25 1,802 93 1,472,648

a for Six Rece

2009 TC Aila,

ed Damaged/D

Househ

185,20

306,17

283,90

28,80

325,69

177,38

199,17

147,78

173,98

141,77

12,50

82,31

5,304

109,13

700

25,78

38,63

16,07

8,352

6,239

11,90

4,218

5,632

9,806

2,683

3,05

2,120

4,544

149

345

Final Repo

clone Conseq

Life Loss Min

844,270

315 234,432 606

67,700 17,070 74,697 211,957 7,008

3 140,235 3,862 142

8 1,602,294

ent Tropical C

, 2012 TC BOB

estroyed olds Liv

05

75

03

09

98

85

73

82

86

78

00

18

4

33

0

85

35

72

2

9

08

8

2

6

3

1

0

4

9

5


SF13-

quence Datab

Life Loss Max

1,637,270

841 270,932 2,700

69,700 28,570 152,059 515,186 30,129 155,942 5,698 142

2,869,169

Cyclones in B

B 01, and 2013

ves Lost

101

814

1,310

65

692

913

75

47

80

108

41

18

3

35

3

6

19

121

8

54

12

‐14

1

‐6

‐1

2

‐


1049 FINAL REP 0

base

Econ LossMin

(M USD)

E

(

63 130 63

360 1,911 1,945 200

4,672

Bangladesh

3 TC Mahasen

er Risk A-8144)

33 051215

con LossMax

(M USD)

63 130 86 360 3,200 4,924 200 8,963

n)

Figu

(2007 T

ure 6. Numbe

C Sidr, 2008 T

er of Lives Lo

TC Rashmi, 2

st by District

2009 TC Bijli,

t from Six Rec

2009 TC Aila

Final Repo

cent Tropical

a, 2012 TC BO


SF13-

l Cyclones in

OB 01, and 20


1049 FINAL REP 0

Bangladesh

013 TC Mahas

er Risk A-8144)

34 051215

sen)

Figure

(2007 T

e 7. Number o

C Sidr, 2008 T

of People Affe

TC Rashmi, 2

ected by Distr

2009 TC Bijli,

rict from Six R

2009 TC Aila

Final Repo

Recent Tropi

a, 2012 TC BO


SF13-

cal Cyclones

OB 01, and 20


1049 FINAL REP 0

s in Banglade

013 TC Mahas

er Risk A-8144)

35 051215

esh

sen)

3.1.3 S

3.1.3.1

The 1970 B

Figure 8).

readings; d

Pakistan (n

cyclone m

than 64 kn

world’s de

Figure 9),

low‐lying

damaged/

Significant

The 1970 B

Bohla Cyclone

A moderate st

detailed repor

now Banglade

ade landfall o

not sustained w

eadliest catastr

primarily as a

islands of the

destroyed 400

Figure 8. S

and Recen

Bhola Cyc

e was a tropica

trength tropic

rted intensity i

esh). An area o

n the Banglad

winds). It rem

rophe in mode

a result of high

Ganges Delta

0,000 househol

Satellite Imag

nt Tropical

lone

al cyclone duri

al cyclone (pe

is not availabl

of low pressur

desh coast on N

ains the deadl

ern times. Up

h tide and stor

a (e.g., see Figu

lds.

ge and Meteo

(Sour

l Cyclone E

ing the 1970 N

ak strength of

e from IBTrAC

re formed with

November 12 w

liest tropical cy

to 500,000 peo

rm surge (reac

ure 10). The sto

orological His

rce: Wikipedia

Final Repo

Events

North Indian O

f SSHS Catego

CS), it caused

hin the Bay of

with hurrican

yclone ever re

ople lost their

ching up to 20

orm reportedly

story of the 19

a)


SF13-

Ocean cyclone

ory 2 or 3 as re

catastrophic i

Bengal on No

ne force intensi

ecorded global

lives in the st

feet) that floo

y affected 4.7

970 Bhola Cy


1049 FINAL REP 0

season (e.g., s

eported by ship

mpacts in Eas

ovember 7 and

ity (i.e., greate

lly, and one of

orm (e.g., see

ded much of t

million people

yclone

er Risk A-8144)

36 051215

see

p

st

d the

er

f the

the

e and

Figure

F

e 10. Storm Su

Figure 9. Mor

(S

urge Values (i

rtality Rate by

Source: Som

n Feet) for the

y Union for th

mer and Mos

e 1970 Bhola C

Final Repo

he 1970 Bhola

sley, 1972)

Cyclone (Sour


SF13-

a Cyclone

rce: Frank and


1049 FINAL REP 0

d Husain, 197

er Risk A-8144)

37 051215

1)

3.1.3.2

The 1991 B

Gorky) wa

powerful c

An area of

knots sust

made land

record, wi

significant

affected ov

(1991 USD

F

The 1991 B

Bangladesh cy

as a tropical cy

cyclone (peak

f low pressure

ained winds)

dfall on the Ba

ith estimates a

t factor with w

ver 15.4 millio

D) in damage.

Figure 11. Sa

Banglades

yclone (JTWC d

yclone during

strength of SS

e formed withi

on April 29, an

ngladesh coas

as high as 150,0

wave heights u

on people, dam

tellite Image

sh Cyclone

designation: 0

the 1991 Nort

SHS Category

in the Bay of B

nd slightly do

st later that da

000 lives lost.

up to 20 feet re

maged/destroy

and Meteoro

(Sour

e

02B, also know

th Indian Ocea

5), it caused c

Bengal on Apr

owngraded in

ay. The storm i

As with the 19

eported inland

yed over 1.7 m

logical Histor

rce: Wikipedia

Final Repo

wn as Super Cy

an cyclone sea

catastrophic da

ril 22. The stor

strength (135

is one of the d

970 Bhola Cyc

d over a wide a

million househo

ry of the 1991

a)


SF13-

yclonic Storm

ason (e.g., see F

amage and de

m reached a p

knots sustaine

deadliest tropic

clone, storm su

area. The storm

olds, and caus

1 Bangladesh


1049 FINAL REP 0

BOB 01 or Cy

Figure 11). A v

eath in Banglad

peak intensity

ed winds) as i

cal cyclones on

urge was a

m reportedly

sed 1.8 to 3 bil

h Cyclone

er Risk A-8144)

38 051215

yclone

very

desh.

(140

t

n

lion

3.1.3.3

Cyclone Si

during the

strength o

from an ar

mbar centr

926‐948 m

reports fro

about 1.5 m

economic

MunichRe

DMIC/DM

(issued by

are listed i

Tropical C

idr (JTWC des

e 2007 North In

f SSHS Catego

rea of low pres

ral pressure) o

bar central pre

om the Govern

million househ

impact from d

e) are as high a

MB) and the “D

y the GOB) is li

in Table 10.

Figure 12. S

Cyclone Sid

signation: 06B,

ndian Ocean c

ory 5), it was o

ssure on Nove

on November

essure) as it m

nment of Bang

holds, and res

damage and lo

as 3,775 million

Damage, Loss

isted in Table

Satellite Image

dr (2007)

, also known a

cyclone season

one of the wor

ember 10 and

14, and slightl

made landfall o

gladesh, the sto

ulted in 4,407

oss is about 1,6

n USD. Distric

and Needs As

9. Sector‐wide

e and Meteor

(Sour

as Very Severe

n (e.g., see Figu

rst catastrophe

reached its pe

ly downgrade

on the Banglad

orm affected a

lives lost. Off

675 million (20

ct‐wide conseq

ssessment For

e economic da

rological Histo

rce: Wikipedia

Final Repo

e Cyclonic Sto

ure 12). A very

e in Banglades

eak intensity (1

ed in intensity

desh coast on N

about 8.9 milli

ficial governm

007 USD), whi

quence data fr

Disaster Reco

amage and los

ory of 2007 T

a)


SF13-

orm Sidr), was

y strong tropi

sh in recent tim

140 knots sust

y (100‐130 knot

November 15

ion people, de

ment estimates

ile other estim

rom Situation

overy and Rec

ss estimates iss

Tropical Cyclo


1049 FINAL REP 0

a tropical cyc

ical cyclone (p

mes. Sidr form

tained winds;

ts sustained w

. Based on offi

estroyed/dama

of the total

mates (i.e., from

Reports (issue

onstruction” r

sued by the GO

one Sidr

er Risk A-8144)

39 051215

clone

eak

med

918

winds;

icial

aged

m

ed by

report

OB

District

Num

o

Affe

Upa

Bagerhat Barguna Barisal 1

Bhola Chandpur Chittagong Comilla 1

Cox's Bazar Dhaka Faridpur Feni

Gopalganj Jessore Jhalokati Khulna

Kishoreganj 1

Lakshmipur Madaripur Manikganj Maulvibazar Munshiganj

Narail Narayanganj Narsingdi Noakhali Patuakhali Pirojpur Rajbari Satkhira Shariatpur

Total 2

Table

mber of ected azilla

Number of Affected People

9 1,221,788 5 846,076 10 147,718 7 843,669 8 175,579 5 15,295 16 70,527 8 8,555 5 15,180 8 154,540 6 156 5 257,354 8 223,608 4 763,211 9 525,616 13 18,140 5 55,695 4 595,000 7 4,200 3 755 6 102,322 3 35,024 4 57,998 6 306,538 5 217,300 7 611,125 7 1,011,359 4 3,775 7 212,133 6 423,023

200 8,923,259

Table 10. Se

Sect

Hous

Agricu

Transport InfOther Infra

Educa

Indu

Commerce

Health andEnviron

Tot

9. District-Wi

(Source: DM

Damaged Crops

(Acres) Full

58,215 227,403 45,275 22,350 6,550 1,976 2,500 245

23,200 87

8,958 103

117,308 12,464 4,500 18,500 3,330 6,807

3,080 7,615 6,889 2,350 3,125 60,440 72,963 3,200 2,858 20,536 742,827 1

ector-Wide D

(Sou

tor (m

sing

ulture frastructure astructure ation stry

e/Tourism d Nutrition nment tal

de Conseque

IC/DMB and G

Damaged Crops (Acres) Partial

Damage

Househo

Full

237,483 118,899

83,202 95,412

223,563 41,470

148,862 15,389

19,301 10,342

4,989 603 30,104 806 1,276 40 9,114 15 75,542 1,000

263 45 34,248 24,133

2,008 295 67,908 69,685

78,292 17,323

16,087 55 127,483 1,479

9,460 4,991

42,622 750 80 60

6,553 2,804

21,656 3,629

1,297 476 34,301 24 19,625 980 254,835 53,291

81,909 63,896

9,359 3,789

45,460 5,293

43,235 27,993

1,730,117 564,967

Damage and L

urce: Governm

Damage

million 2007 USD)839.3

21.3

116.0

106.5

62.5

3.8

‐2.4

6.1

1,158.0

ence Data for

Government

ed lds

Damaged Households

Partial

9 130,675 2 96,245 0 92,242 9 20,300 2 15,443

5,181 3,412 1,499 3,036 37,635 300

3 85,000 405

5 76,108 3 67,011

2,628 6,652 7,509 1,370 89

5,548 6,177 5,156 5,280 2,200

1 132,369 6 80,315

755 12,245

3 54,325 7 957,110

Loss Estimate

ment of Bang

) Loss

(million 2007‐

416.3

25.0

5.9

6.0

29.5

19.1

15.0

‐516.9

Final Repo

r 2007 Tropica

of Banglades

Number of

Deaths

Number of

Missing People

810 1,277 26 97 42 14 5 21 92

7 6 16 3

35 1 2 47 18

2 1 41

2 8 1 12 3 1

457 221 400 511 1 20 1 17

3,347 871

es for 2007 Tr

gladesh, 2008

7 USD) (million

1


SF13-

al Cyclone Si

sh, 2008)

Affected Roads (Km)

Affec

Embank

(km

1,234 25

1,908 67

112 40 2

100 34

21 30

46

1,808 62

78 43

23

150 8

838 1,642 73

75 19

8,075 1,8

ropical Cyclo

)

Total

n 2007 USD) P

839.3

437.6

141.0

112.4

68.5

33.3

19.1

17.5

6.1

1,674.9 1


1049 FINAL REP 0

idr

cted kments m)

Affected Institution Infrastructu

59 2,070 79 2,696

4,434 990

2 333 4 9

98 0 9

2 34

588

2 1,604 3 497

5 133 128

43 48 35 48

8 1,373

39 2,804

9 149 511

75 18,641

one Sidr

Percent

50.1% 26.1% 8.4% 6.7% 4.1% 2.0% 1.1% 1.0% 0.4%

100.0%

er Risk A-8144)

40 051215

/ re

Number of

Injured People

11,428 16,310

61

2 20 7

16,206 173

1

119 18

5 35

8,500 1,161

4

1,232 55,282

3.1.3.4

Cyclone R

was a trop

a fairly we

India. Form

intensity (

on Octobe

destroyed/

consequen

F

District

Barisal

Bhola Chandpu

Khulna

Lakshmip

Narayang

Noakha

Patuakha

Shariatpu

Total

Tropical C

Rashmi (IMD d

pical cyclone d

eak tropical cy

ming as an are

45 knots susta

er 26. Based on

/damaged abo

nce data from

Figure 13. Sat

Table 11

(Sour

Number of

Affected Upazilla

Nu

Aff

Pe

6 21

7 ur 1 3 10

pur anj 1 li 1 ali 7 98

ur 1 27 32

Cyclone Ra

designation: BO

during the 2008

yclone (peak st

ea of low press

ained winds; 9

n official repor

out 17,000 hou

Situation Repo

tellite Image a

. District-Wid

rce: DMIC/DM

umber of fected eople

Damaged Crops (Acres) Full

3,437

0,000 725

8,402 50

1,839 775

ashmi (200

OB 05, JTWC d

8 North Indian

trength of Tro

sure within th

989 mbar centr

rts from DMIC

useholds, and r

orts (issued by

and Meteorol

(Image S

de Consequen

MB Situation R


Damaged Households

Full

8,044 252 1,578 750

100 9,878 1,780

18,022 4,360

8)

designation: 0

n Ocean cyclo

pical Storm C

he Bay of Beng

ral pressure) a

C/DMB, the sto

resulted in 13

y DMIC/DMB

ogical Histor

ource: Wikip

nce Data for 2

Report issued

s Damaged Households

Partial

Nu

De

720 2,905

1,055

7,724

12,404

Final Repo

04B, also know

one season (e.g

ategory), it ca

gal on October

as it made land

orm affected a

lives lost in B

B) is listed in T

ry of 2008 Tro

edia)

2008 Tropical

d MON-30-OC

umber of eaths

Number of

Missing People

Aff

R

(

2 1 1 1 2 3 1 7 4 2


SF13-

wn as Cyclonic

g., see Figure 1

aused damage

r 24, Rashmi re

dfall on the Ba

about 322,000 p

angladesh. Di

Table 11.

opical Cyclon

l Cyclone Ras

CT-2008:1200

ffected Roads (Km)

Affected Embankments

(km)

92 6

120 22

212 28


1049 FINAL REP 0

c Storm Rashm

13). Although

in Bangladesh

eached its pea

angladesh coas

people,

istrict‐wide

ne Rashmi

shmi

0)

Affected Institution / Infrastructure

Num

o

Inju

Peo

84 1 22

107

er Risk A-8144)

41 051215

mi)

it was

h and

ak

st late

mber of ured ople

3.1.3.5

Cyclone B

2009 North

(peak stren

Storm Bijli

sustained

on the Ban

92,500 peo

wide cons

District

N

A

Bhola Chittagong Cox's Bazar Noakhali Total

Tropical C

ijli (JTWC des

h Indian Ocea

ngth of Tropic

i formed from

winds; 985 mb

ngladesh coast

ople, destroyed

equence data

Figure 14. S

Table 1

(Sour

Number of

Affected Upazilla

Number of

Affected People

4 9 14,408 6 78,150 5 24 92,558

Cyclone Bij

signation: 01B,

an cyclone seas

cal Storm Cate

m an area of low

bar central pre

t on April 17. B

d/damaged ab

from Situation

Satellite Image

12. District-W

rce: DMIC/DM


Dama

Cro

(Acr

Par

320 21

88

3,7

320 4,8

jli (2009)

, also known a

son (e.g., see F

egory), it cause

w pressure on

essure) on Apr

Based on offic

bout 7,500 hou

n Reports (issu

e and Meteor

(Sour

Wide Consequ

MB Situation R

aged ops res) tial

Damaged Households

Full

14 186 85 448 716 826

815 1,460

as Cyclonic Sto

Figure 14). Alth

ed damage in

April 14. Bijli

ril 16 and mai

cial reports fro

useholds, and r

ued by DMIC/

rological Hist

rce: Wikipedia

uence Data fo

Report issued

Damaged Households

Partial

Num

of

Deat

2,117 1

3,874 3

1

5,991 5

Final Repo

orm Bijli), was

though it was

Bangladesh, I

i reached its fir

intained a sim

om DMIC/DM

resulted in 5 li

/DMB) is listed

tory of 2009 T

a)

or 2009 Tropic

d MON-20-AP

mber f ths

Number of

Missing People

Aff

R

(

5


SF13-

s a tropical cyc

a fairly weak t

India, and My

rst peak inten

ilar intensity a

B, the storm a

ives lost in Ba

d in Table 12.

Tropical Cyclo

cal Cyclone B

PR-2009:1200

fected Roads (Km)

Affected Embankmen

(km)

7 7


1049 FINAL REP 0

clone during t

tropical cyclon

anmar. Cyclon

sity (50 knots

as it made lan

affected about

ngladesh. Dis

one Bijli

Bijli

0)

ts Affected

Institution / Infrastructure

15 22 69

106

er Risk A-8144)

42 051215

the

ne

nic

dfall

trict‐

Number of

Injured People

12 4 16

3.1.3.6

Cyclone Aduring thestrength o(e.g., see Fits peak inIndian coamillion peTotal econin ECHO, Table 13. S

District

Bagerhat Barguna Barisal Bhola

Chittagong Khulna

Lakshmipur Noakhali Patuakhali Pirojpur Satkhira Total

Tropical C

Aila (JTWC dese 2009 North Inf SSHS CategoFigure 16). Sevntensity (65 knast just east of eople, destroyenomic impact r2009). DistrictSector‐wide ec

Figure 15. S

Table 1

(Sour

Number of

Affected Upazilla

Number of Affected People

5 497,036 5 284,079 10 292,105 7 584,970 3 13,630 6 546,630 4 17,071 3 1,163,071 7 615,785 7 248,470 7 563,783 64 4,826,630

Cyclone Ail

signation: 02B,ndian Ocean cory 1), it causevere Cyclonic Snots sustained Bangladesh. Bed/damaged aranges from 27t‐wide consequconomic cost e

Satellite Image

13. District-W

rce: DMIC/DM


Damag

Crop

(Acres

Partia

3,095 5,491

36,620 52,66

0 15,59

7,960 22,02

235 234 3,146 6,036

350 8,633

127 1,373

14,262 83,73

55,10

2,045 1,205

67,840 252,09

la (2009)

, also known acyclone seasoned extensive dStorm Aila forwinds; 974 mb

Based on officiabout 610,000 h70 million USDuence data froestimates are li

e and Meteor

(Sour

Wide Consequ

MB Situation R

ged s s) al

Damaged Households

Full

1 3,691 60 3,920 92 368 23 28,667

673 6 58,721 3 810 3 3,499 36 34,061 07 2,705 5 105,767 90 242,882

as Severe Cycln (e.g., see Figuamage in Indimed from an abar central preial reports fromhouseholds, anD (Munich Reom Situation Risted in Table

rological Hist

rce: Wikipedia

uence Data fo

Report issued

Damaged Households

Partial

Number of

Deaths

52,910 4 19,658 6,726 11 80,351 18 1,638 1 54,313 57 2,488 7 5,912 24 70,695 8 24,380 1 50,631 59 369,702 190

Final Repo

lonic Storm Aiure 15). A mo

ia and Bangladarea of low pressure) on Ma

m DMIC/DMB

nd resulted in) to 1,149 milli

Reports (issued14.

tory of 2009 T

a)

or 2009 Tropic

d MON-20-AP

Number of Missing People

Affect

Road

(Km

1,03

373

692

1,63

178

999

37

140

135

926

279

6,42


SF13-

ila), was a tropderate tropicadesh, particularessure on Ma

ay 25 as it mad

B, the storm afn 190 lives lost ion USD (the Md by DMIC/DM

Tropical Cyclo

cal Cyclone A

PR-2009:1200

ted ds m)


(km)

3 85 3 78 2 25 5 219 8 38 9 597

1 0 63 5 301 6 33 9 292 27 1,733


1049 FINAL REP 0

pical cyclone al cyclone (peaarly due to floay 22 and reachde landfall on tffected about 4in BangladeshMOFDM repoMB) is listed i

one Aila

Aila

0)


Num

o

Inju

Peo

632 262 274 12

659 20

42 10

587 54

20 6

64 25

26 61

252 465 5,3

3,283 7,1

er Risk A-8144)

43 051215

ak ooding hed the 4.8 h. orted in

mber of red ople

21 01 0 43 6 55 10

57 03

Figure 16

6. Tropical Cy

Table

yclone Aila A

14. Sector-W

(Sourc

Are

Cluster houRecon

Construct

Reconstru

Restor

Funding supRestoration

Areas Affected

ide Conseque

ce: the MOFD

eas of Assistance

uses for landless pstruction of housetion of cyclone sheuction of embankm

ration of livelihoodport for displacedn of water supply s

Total

d with Surface

ence Data for

DM reported i

Esti

(millio

people

es

elter

ment

d

peoplesystem

Final Repo

e Water as of

r 2009 Tropic

n EHCO, 200

mated Coston 2009 USD) P

435

381

200

62

56

12

3

1,149


SF13-

f May 27th, 20

cal Cyclone A

09)

Percent

37.9%

33.2%

17.4%

5.4%

4.9%

1.0%

0.3%

100.0%


1049 FINAL REP 0

009 (Source: W

Aila

er Risk A-8144)

44 051215

WFP)

3.1.3.7

Cyclone B

during the

depression

Banglades

October 10

on the Ban

about 134,

Banglades

in Table 15

F

District

Bhola Chittagon

Cox's BazaFeni

Lakshmipu

Noakhali

Total

Tropical C

OB 01 (IMD d

e 2012 North In

n (peak streng

sh, causing ext

0, reached its p

ngladesh coast

,000 people, de

sh. District‐wid

5.

Figure 17. Sat

Table 15

(Source:

Number of

Affected Upazilla

Num

Affe

Pe

2 66

g 4 16

ar 2 1

ur 1 1

i 5 50

15 133

Cyclone BO

designation: BO

ndian Ocean c

gth of Tropical

tensive damag

peak intensity

t on October 1

estroyed/dam

de consequenc

tellite Image a

. District-Wid

DMIC/CDMP/

mber of ected ople

Damaged Crops

(Acres) Full

,687 272 ,785

16 ,200 18,000 3,688 18,272

OB 01 (201

OB 01, also kn

cyclone season

Depression C

ge. Deep Depr

y (30 knots sus

1. Based on of

aged about 24

ce data from S

and Meteorol

(Sour

de Consequen

/MDMR Situat


Damage

Househo

Full

667 3,015

18,020 5,035

18,687 8,050

2)

nown as Deep

n (e.g., see Figu

Category), it br

ession BOB 01

tained winds;

fficial reports f

4,500 househol

Situation Repo

ogical Histor

rce: Wikipedia

nce Data for 2

tion Report is

ed lds

Damaged Households

Partial

Nu

De

8,468 3,357

4,505 16,330

Final Repo

Depression BO

ure 17). Altho

rought high w

1 formed from

1002 mbar ce

from DMIC/D

lds, and result

orts (issued by

ry of 2012 Tro

a)

2012 Tropical

ssued MON-2

umber of eaths

Number of

Missing People

Affe

Ro

(K

12 9 7

4 2 42

18 21 36 72 7


SF13-

OB 01), was a

ough it was a w

winds and heav

m an area of low

entral pressure

DMB/MDMR, t

ted in 108 live

y DMIC/CDMP

opical Cyclon

l Cyclone BO

22-OCT-2012:

ected oads Km)


(km)

75

75


1049 FINAL REP 0

tropical cyclo

weak tropical

vy rains to mu

w pressure on

e) as made lan

the storm affe

es lost in

P/MDMR) is li

ne BOB 01

OB 01

1450)


Numb

of Injure

Peop

103 43

9

9

1

151 121

254 183

er Risk A-8144)

45 051215

one

uch of

n

ndfall

ected

isted

ber

ed le

3.1.3.8

Cyclone M

during the

strength o

flooding. C

intensity (

as it made

affected ab

Banglades

(Aon Benf

listed in T

Fi

Distric

Bargun

Bhola

Chittago

Jhaloka

Lakshmi

Noakh

Patuakh

Pirojpu

Satkhi

Tota

Tropical C

Mahasen (JTWC

e 2013 North In

f Tropical Stor

Cyclonic Storm

45 knots susta

e landfall on th

bout 1.3 millio

sh. The econom

field, 2013). Th

able 16.

igure 18. Sate

Table 16.

(Sour

ct

Number of

Affected Upazilla

Num

Aff

Pe

na 6 51

a 7 51

ong 4 54

ati 4 64

pur 4 9

ali 5 35

hali 8 70

ur 7 60

ra 2 1

l 47 1,3

Cyclone Ma

C designation

ndian Ocean c

rm Category),

m Mahasen for

ained winds; 9

he Bangladesh

on people, dest

mic losses to cr

he District‐wid

ellite Image a

District-Wide

rce: CDMP/MD

mber of fected eople


18,690 44,395 14,366 9,965 4,295 4,460 9,890 5,127 250 0,409 0,000 1,000 28,237 54,610

ahasen (20

n: 01B, also kno

cyclone season

it caused dam

rmed from an

989 mbar centr

h coast on May

troyed/damag

rops and fishe

de consequenc

and Meteorolo

(Sour

e Consequen

DMR Cyclone


Damaged Households

Full

30,468 6,856 37,619 4,957

50 2,929 55

120 1,400 1,710

7,540 448

72,416 21,736

013)

own as Cyclon

n (e.g., see Figu

mage in Bangla

area of low p

ral pressure) o

y 16. Based on

ged about 136,

eries were repo

ce data from Si

ogical History

rce: Wikipedia

ce Data for 2

e Mahasen Up

s Damaged Households

Partial

Num

of

Deat

61,812 7

19,389 4

2,005 2

1,934 359 4,968 18,238 3

5,641 1

50 114,396 17

Final Repo

nic Storm Viya

ure 18). A fair

adesh and My

ressure on Ma

on May 11 and

official report

,000 household

orted at 200 m

ituation Repor

y of 2013 Tro

a)

013 Tropical

pdate Issue 1

mber f ths

Number of

Missing People

Affect

Road

(Km

7 1,27

4 122

2 248

150

3 1

7 1,79


SF13-

aru), was a tro

rly weak tropic

yanmar, partic

ay 9. Mahasen

d maintained a

ts from CDMP

ds, and resulte

million USD by

rts (issued by

pical Cyclone

Cyclone Mah

May 20, 2013

ted ds m)


(km)

70 179 2 419

8 8

19 0 1

1

90 627


1049 FINAL REP 0

opical cyclone

cal cyclone (pe

cularly due to

n reached its p

a similar inten

P, the storm

ed in 17 lives l

y the governm

CDMP/MDM

e Mahasen

hasen

3)


Number

of Injured People

1,416 1,679

900 87 3 73

2,392 1,766

er Risk A-8144)

46 051215

eak

eak

sity

lost in

ment

MR) is

r

3.2 Flo

Flooding i

and Augu

flash flood

May and S

floods cau

caused by

exacerbate

meters of m

Brahmapu

Flooding i

cyclones, t

catchment

Banglades

floodwate

indicates a

important

associated

This sectio

addition, a

this section

discussed

3.2.1 H

The percen

years since

Statisticall

distributio

flood was

necessarily

catchment

although f

area (e.g.,

of the coun

ood

in Bangladesh

st. While mos

ds caused by o

September to N

used by riverin

storm surges

ed as Banglade

mean sea leve

utra (Jamuna),

in Bangladesh

tropical depre

ts, a low flood

sh, and polder

r outside prot

a damaging flo

because norm

d with low agri

on provides an

a consequence

n. A selection

in further det

Historical F

nt of the total

e 1954 from th

ly, about 20%

on in inter‐ann

68% in 1998, a

y the total area

t flows, the loc

flooding risk i

see Figure 19

ntry may be af

is an annual p

t of the countr

overflowing of

November), (b

ne flooding of

(e.g., refer DM

esh is a low‐ly

el) and most of

and Meghna

is the result o

ssions, monso

plain gradient

s (low‐lying tr

tected areas (A

ood, while bor

mal flooding is

icultural prod

n overview an

e database of h

of notable and

ail.

Flood Infor

area of Bangla

he Bangladesh

of the country

nual variability

and the smalle

a inundated b

cation and tim

s greatest on t

illustrating th

ffected, as not

phenomenon,

ry is flood pro

f hilly rivers in

b) floods cause

major rivers (t

MB, 2010; Ahm

ying, riverine c

f the country i

Rivers.

of several facto

oonal depressi

t, congested d

racts of land e

Ahmed and Mi

sha indicates n

s common in B

duction.

d summary of

historical flood

d recent flood

mation

adesh affected

Water Develo

y is affected by

y of flood affec

est reported ar

y flood waters

ming of floodin

the coast and a

he general floo

ted in the 1988

with the most

one, four gener

n the eastern a

ed by heavy ra

typically durin

mad et al., 1994

country (e.g., a

s on a delta pl

ors, including

ons, or other s

rainage chann

nclosed by em

irza, 2000). A d

normal floodin

Bangladesh, an

f the collection

ds has been de

events that ha

d annually by f

opment Board

y floods on ave

cted areas. Sin

rea was 0.2% i

s. Depending

ng can vary fro

around the Ga

d risk in Bang

8 and 1998 floo

Final Repo

t severe occur

ral types of flo

and northern r

ain and draina

ng June to Sep

4; Ahmad et al

about 50% of t

lain at the con

heavy rainfall

storms), large

nels, convergen

mbankments) t

distinction of

ng (Brammer,

nd a comparat

n of historical

eveloped and i

ave significant

floods, shown

d (BWDB Annu

erage per year

nce 1954, the la

in 1994. Note t

on rainfall var

om one part of

anges‐Brahma

gladesh). Durin

ods.


SF13-

rring during th

ooding occur i

regions (typica

age congestion

ptember), and

l., 2000). The s

the country is

nfluence of the

l (either from m

inflow of wat

nce of major r

that increase th

flood is made

1999). This di

tively low floo

hazard data fo

is summarized

tly impacted B

n in Table 17, is

ual Flood Rep

r, although the

argest reporte

that area affec

riability within

f the country t

putra‐Meghna

ng catastrophi


1049 FINAL REP 0

he months of J

in Bangladesh

ally during Ap

n, (c) monsoon

(d) coastal flo

situation is

within seven

e Ganges (Padm

monsoons, tro

ter from upstre

rivers inside

he intensity of

e in Bengali: bo

istinction is

od year is typic

or floods. In

d and discusse

Bangladesh ar

s available for

port, 2014).

ere is high

d area affected

ted is not

n the country

to another,

a (GBM) catch

ic floods, over

er Risk A-8144)

47 051215

July

: (a)

pril to

n

oods

ma),

opical

eam

f

onna

cally

ed in

re also

r most

d by

and

hment

r half

Table 17. Yearly Floo

od Affected A

Year

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Area in Bangl

Flood Affected A

(km2) (%

36,800 25

50,500 34

35,400 24

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

28,400 19

28,800 20

37,200 25

43,100 29

31,000 21

28,400 19

33,400 23

25,700 17

37,200 25

41,400 28

42,400 29

36,300 25

20,800 14

29,800 20

52,600 36

16,600 11

28,300 19

12,500 8

10,800 7

N/A N/A

33,000 22

N/A N/A

3,140 2

11,100 7.5

28,200 19

11,400 8

6,600 4

57,300 39

89,970 61

6,100 4

3,500 2.4

28,600 19

2,000 1.4

28,742 20

419 0.2

32,000 22

35,800 24

N/A N/A

100,250 68

32,000 22

35,700 24

4,000 2.8

15,000 10

21,500 14

55,000 38

17,850 12

16,175 11

62,300 42

33,655 23

28,593 19

26,530 18

29,800 20

17,700 12

15,650 10.

Final Repo

adesh (Sourc

Area

%)

5

4

4

A

A

A

9

0

5

9

1

9

3

7

5

8

9

5

4

0

6

1

9

A

2

A

5

9

9

1

4

9

4

0

2

2

4

A

8

2

4

8

0

4

8

2

1

2

3

9

8

0

2

.6


SF13-

ce: BWDB, 20


1049 FINAL REP 0

014)

er Risk A-8144)

48 051215

Figure 19. Flood Prone

e Areas in Ba

angladesh (So

Final Repo

ource: BARC


SF13-

C/UNDP/FAO,


1049 FINAL REP 0

2000)

er Risk A-8144)

49 051215

3.2.2 F

Disaster co

historical f

and intern

reported fl

database d

Banglades

1. A

is

2. C

A

D

(C

3. C

pr

4. D

5. D

O

6. D

“S

7. EM

Ep

8. G

9. M

(M

10. M

11. R

pa

12. W

Pr

13. W

re

Table 18 p

contains in

damaged,

people), an

as reported

Flood Cons

onsequence da

flood events o

national. This d

lood events (e

discussed prev

sh. Data was co

AHMED: “Banssued by the BCDMP: “ConsoAction Plan”, aDisaster Manag

CDMP) CDP: “Rapid Arogramme IndDDM: Data/repDFO: The GlobObservatory (DDMIC: Data anSituation RepoMDAT: The Epidemiology oGOB: Data/repMAJUMDER: “Majumder, 201MDMR: Data/rRAHMAN: “Flaper authoredWB2004: “2004 rogram” reporWORLDBANK

esearch workin

presents the ye

nformation for

typically the l

nd economic l

d by the differ

sequence

atabases of flo

occurring in Ba

data was assem

e.g., those not c

viously) which

ollected and p

ngladesh Clima

angladesh Coolidated Dama

n executive sugement with th

Assessment of Fdependent Revports from thebal Active ArchDFO) nd reports fromorts” Emergency Evof Disasters (Corts from the “The Economi

13) reports from tlood Managem

d by engineersFloods in Banrt on the 2004 K: “Climate Prng paper issue

ear‐by‐year sum

r major floods

largest reporte

loss (generally

rent sources ar

oods in Bangla

angladesh has

mbled into a d

caused by trop

h have had a s

processed from

ate Change Immprehensive Dage and loss Aummary reporhe assistance o

Flood 2004” coview of Banglae Bangladesh Dhive of Large F

m the Disaster

ents DatabaseCRED) Government oics of Early Re

the Bangladeshment in the Flo in the Banglangladesh ‐ Damfloods by the roofing Infrasted by the Wor

mmary of the

spanning from

ed value is list

y the financial

re listed. Note

adesh are limit

been collected

database and r

pical cyclones;

ignificant repo

m a large varie

mpacts and VuDisaster Mana

Assessment, Lert Disaster Man

of Comprehen

onducted by tadesh’s DevelDepartment ofFlood Events m

r Management

e (EMDAT), m

of Bangladeshesponse and R

h Ministry of Dood Plain of Baadesh Water Dmage and Nee

World Bank aructure in Banrld Bank

consequence

m 1954 to 2013

ted. For people

impact for all

e that the value

Final Repo

ted. As such, c

d from a large

represents a co

; refer to the tr

orted impact o

ety of sources,

ulnerability” (Aagement Progessons Learnt nagement Burnsive Disaster

the Centre for lopment (IRBDf Disaster Man

maintained by

t Information C

maintained by t

h Resilience: Ban

Disaster Mana

angladesh” (RDevelopment Beds Assessmen

and the Asian ngladesh” (Wo

database of m

3. For dwellin

e affected, life

sectors), the m

es are not tren


SF13-

consequence d

e variety of sou

omprehensive

ropical cyclon

on population

including:

Ahmed, 2006),gramme from the Flooreau Ministry Management

Policy DialogD), August 12,nagement y the Dartmou

Centre of Ban

the Centre for

ngladesh Coun

agement and RRahman et al., Board nt and ProposeDevelopment

orld Bank, 201

major flood eve

ngs destroyed a

e loss (deaths p

minimum and

nded and corre


1049 FINAL REP 0

data from majo

urces, both loc

inventory of

ne consequence

n and assets in

, a synthesis re

d 2007 and Fuof Food and Programme

gue (CPD) und 2004

uth Flood

ngladesh, inclu

Research on t

ntry Study”

Relief 2007) a resear

ed Recovery t Bank 10), a policy

ents. The table

and dwellings

plus missing

d maximum va

espond to yea

er Risk A-8144)

50 051215

or

cal

e

eport

uture

der the

uding

the

rch

e

s

alues

r‐of

estimates.

events are

Table 19 p

These pref

The data e

between th

general, Ba

more of th

year GDP,

The strongrisk due toBanglades

affected ardue to flooestimated year, due tfloods of 1over 60% odetails on

In general, th

missing conse

presents a sum

ferred loss esti

extracted from

he reported lo

angladesh is s

he country is a

, to account fo

g correlation bo flooding to Bsh as reported rea, the linear oding. For exathat Bangladeto floods. In th1987, 1988, 199of Bangladeshthese floods, a

ere are severa

equence inform

mmary of prefe

imates are sele

m Table 20 is pl

osses due to flo

shown to expe

ffected by floo

r the relative e

between the loBangladesh. Taby the Nation

trend derivedample, a countesh is expectedhe recent deca98, and 2004. Th and causing mas well as the r

al data gaps in

mation.

erred economic

ected based on

lotted in Figur

ooding (norma

erience the ons

oding. Note th

economic imp

sses due to floable 20 lists thnal Water Man

d in Figure 20 ctry‐wide EP cud to incur 1.5%ades, BangladeThe floods of 1more than 8%recent 2004 an

available floo

c loss estimate

n a review of t

re 20 and a tre

alized by GDP

set of significan

hat the losses d

pact of events o

ood affected arhe approximate

nagement Plancan be used tourve can be inf% GDP (2.2 billesh has experie1988 and 1998 GDP in lossesnd 2007 floods

Final Repo

od consequenc

es extracted fr

the reported v

end is noted: th

P) and the repo

ant losses due t

due to flood ar

over the years

rea can be usee return perion Project (NWM

o infer the appferred as showlion in 2014 Uenced several were particulas (e.g., over 12s, are presente


SF13-

ce records, and

om the conseq

values and rep

here is a high

orted percent

to floods when

re normalized

s.

ed to infer the d of flood affeMP, 2000). Givproximate retuwn in Figure 2USD) in losses, devastating flarly catastroph2 billion in 201d in the next s


1049 FINAL REP 0

d many known

quence databa

porting agencie

correlation

of flooded are

n about 17% o

d by the curren

overall economected area for ven the flood urn period of lo1. Overall, it ison average peloods, includinhic, each affec14 USD). More

section.

er Risk A-8144)

51 051215

n

ase.

es.

ea. In

or

nt‐

mic

osses s er ng the cting e

Year Dwellings Destroyed So

1954 1955 1956 1962 1963 1964 1966 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1977 1978 1980 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 196,803 MD

1987 1988 1,151,189 MD

1989 3,203 MD

1990 14,101 MD

1991 306,522 MD

1992 1993 234,393 MD

1994 19,177 MD

1995 898,708 MD

1996 218,275 MD

1997 113,252 MD

1998 984,002 MD

1999 2000 437,050 MD

2001 2002 115,511 MD

2003 109,147 MD

2004 969,161 MD

2005 2006 2007 65,522 MD

2008 11,488 DM

2009 2010 2011 41,594 DM

2012 88,070 D

2013

urce Dwellings Damaged Source

DMR 279,212 MDMR

DMR 2,536,408 MDMR

DMR 16,096 MDMR

DMR 58,418 MDMR

DMR 492,452 MDMR

DMR 615,336 MDMR

DMR 31,005 MDMR

DMR 2,014,017 MDMR

DMR 598,818 MDMR

DMR 241,147 MDMR

DMR 2,456,795 MDMR

138,076 MDMR

DMR 309,775 MDMR

DMR 564,527 MDMR

DMR 541,988 MDMR

DMR 3,602,009 MDMR

DMR 919,575 MDMR

MIC 75,565 DMIC

MIC 142,027 DMIC

DM 272,792 DDM

Table 1

e People Affected Min Sourc

1,000,000 EMDA

500,000 EMDA

15,889,616 EMDA

10,000,000 EMDA

30,000,000 AHME

4,000,000 EMDA

213,650 EMDA

400,000 EMDA

10,000,000 EMDA

308,000 EMDA

7,160,000 EMDA

20,000,000 AHME

352,800 DFO

R 400,000 EMDA

24,823,376 MDM

R 44,670,060 MDM

R 620,000 DFO

R 1,383,360 MDM

R 2,990,000 EMDA

50,000 DFO

R 11,559,586 MDM

R 395,100 EMDA

R 23,651,000 DFO

R 5,828,319 EMDA

R 900,030 EMDA

R 31,048,653 MDM

R 495,420 EMDA

R 2,667,138 EMDA

251,200 DFO

R 6,020,000 DFO

R 3,520,000 DFO

R 36,000,000 WB20

1,150,000 EMDA

200,000 DFO

R 10,655,564 MDM

600,000 EMDA

500,000 EMDA

575,000 EMDA

1,570,559 EMDA

5,148,475 DDM

415,250 DDM

8. Consequence

ce People Affected Max Sou

AT 1,000,000 EMD

AT 500,000 EMD

AT 15,889,616 EMD

AT 10,000,000 EMD

ED 38,000,000 EMD

AT 4,000,000 EMD

AT 213,650 EMD

AT 400,000 EMD

AT 10,000,000 EMD

AT 308,000 EMD

AT 7,160,000 EMD

ED 30,000,000 EMD

O 500,000 EMD

AT 6,715,734 MD

MR 29,700,000 EMD

MR 47,000,000 AHM

O 1,848,389 MD

MR 2,327,777 DF

AT 8,992,759 MD

O 75,200 EMD

MR 15,751,613 EMD

AT 553,467 MD

O 26,197,182 MD

AT 8,106,988 MD

AT 5,008,868 MD

MR 55,000,000 AHM

AT 4,338,372 MD

AT 3,244,576 MD

O 700,000 EMD

O 7,608,837 MD

O 7,874,465 MD

04 40,955,375 MD

AT 1,220,000 DF

O 211,775 EMD

MR 13,851,380 EMD

AT 975,096 DM

AT 500,000 EMD

AT 1,240,000 DF

AT 1,853,000 DM

M 5,398,475 EMD

M 415,250 DD

Database of Floo

urce Life Lost Min

Source

112 AHMED 129 AHMED

117 AHMED 30 EMDAT

DAT DAT 39 EMDAT DAT 126 AHMED DAT 87 AHMED

120 AHMED 50 EMDAT 427 EMDAT

DAT 1,987 AHMED DAT 168 EMDAT DAT 13 EMDAT DAT 17 EMDAT DAT 655 EMDAT DAT DAT 245 EMDAT DAT 553 AHMED DAT 24 DFO MR 30 EMDAT DAT 1,470 MDMR MED 1,621 MDMR MR 23 MDMR FO 41 MDMR MR 97 MDMR DAT 2 DFO DAT 162 MDMR MR 10 MDMR MR 246 MDMR MR 55 EMDAT MR 125 MDMR MED 918 MDMR MR 15 MDMR MR 37 MDMR DAT 9 EMDAT MR 26 MDMR MR 104 MDMR MR 765 MDMR FO 55 EMDAT DAT 105 DFO DAT 594 MDMR MIC 28 EMDAT DAT 6 DFO FO 15 EMDAT MIC 10 EMDAT DAT 13 DDM DM

Final Report on CaFinanc

ods in Banglades

Life Lost Max

Source Econ L

Min

(in Mill

112 AHMED 1,20

129 AHMED 1,29

900

117 AHMED 560

30 EMDAT 580

5

39 EMDAT 1

221 EMDAT 199

87 AHMED 1,10

120 AHMED 50 EMDAT 427 EMDAT 1,987 AHMED 579

168 EMDAT 13 EMDAT 17 EMDAT 655 EMDAT 150

245 EMDAT 1,200 EMDAT 4,50

34 EMDAT 57 MDMR

2,280 EMDAT 1,00

2,440 EMDAT 1,137

203 DFO 231 EMDAT 6

1,039 DFO 150

17 EMDAT 220 DFO 116 EMDAT 822 DFO 200

76 MDMR 10

140 DFO 229

2,709 DFO 2,12

196 EMDAT 81 DFO 500

19 DFO 161 DFO 252 EMDAT 910 DFO 1,86

60 DFO 105 DFO 1,230 EMDAT 1,066

28 EMDAT 16 EMDAT 119 DFO 53 DFO 139 EMDAT

apacity Building for Disce in Bangladesh (ADB

SF13-1049 FINAL R

sh

Loss in lions)

Currency Source

00 BDT AHMED

90 BDT AHMED

0 BDT AHMED

0 BDT AHMED

0 BDT AHMED

USD EMDAT

USD EMDAT

9.4 USD EMDAT

00 BDT AHMED

9.2 USD EMDAT

0 USD EMDAT

00 BDT AHMED

00 USD DFO 7.1 USD GOB

USD EMDAT

0 USD EMDAT

0.3 USD DFO 0 USD EMDAT

9 USD EMDAT

28 USD WORLDBA

0 USD EMDAT

60 USD CDP

6.7 USD GOB

saster Risk B TA-8144)

52 REP 051215

Econ Loss Max

(in Millions) Currenc

D 1,200 BDTD 1,290 BDTD 900 BDTD 560 BDTD 580 BDTT 5 USDT 1 USDT 1,160 BDTD 1,100 BDT

T 936 USD

T 150 USD

D 4,500 BDT

35,000 BDT100,000 BDT

T 6.2 USDT 150 USD

375.3 USDT 15 USDT 229 USDANK 4,300 USD

T 500 USD

2,280 USD

1,100 USD

cy Source

AHMED AHMED AHMED AHMED AHMED EMDAT EMDAT AHMED AHMED

WORLDBANK

EMDAT

AHMED

AHMED AHMED

DFO EMDAT

EMDAT DFO

EMDAT EMDAT

EMDAT

WB2004

WORLDBANK

Figure

5 GDP value6 Percent aff

Tabl

Year Perce

Count

Affect

1962 25.0

1963 29.0

1964 21.0

1966 23.0

1968 25.0

1970 29.0

1974 36.0

1980 22.0

1984 19.0

1987 39.0

1988 61.0

1991 19.0

1995 22.0

1996 24.0

1998 68.0

2000 24.0

2004 38.0

2007 21.5

e 20. Normaliz

es are obtained frected for the mai

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

Reported

Loss

Norm

alized

by

GDP

le 19. Flood C

ent try ted

Econo

Los

(in Mill

0 560

0 580

0 5.0

0 1.0

0 1,160

0 1,100

0 579

0 150

0 4,500

0 35,00

0 2,13

0 150

0 375

0 15.

0 4,300

0 500

0 2,280

56 1,06

zed Reported

rom the World Bin flood is obtain

y = 0.194x ‐ 0R² = 0.93

0%

Repor

Linea

Consequence

omic ss lions)

Curren

0.0 BDT

0.0 BDT

0 USD

0 USD

0.0 BDT

0.0 BDT

9.2 USD

0.0 USD

0.0 BDT

00.0 BDT

7.0 USD

0.0 USD

5.3 USD

0 USD

0.0 USD

0.0 USD

0.0 USD

6.7 USD

Floods Loss

ank Databank ned from the CDM

0.032

31

20%

Percent of B

rted

r Fit

e Database –

ncy Source

AHMED

AHMED

EMDAT

EMDAT

AHMED

AHMED

EMDAT

EMDAT

AHMED

AHMED

EMDAT

EMDAT

EMDAT

DFO

EMDAT

EMDAT

WB2004

GOB

ses Versus Pe

MP

40%

Bangladesh Aff

Final Repo

Preferred Lo

GDP5 (current Million USD) 5,081

5,319

5,386

6,440

7,484

8,993

12,459

18,115

19,670

23,781

25,639

30,957

37,940

40,666

44,092

47,125

56,561

68,415

ercent of Ban

60%

fected by Flood


SF13-

ss Estimates

GDP (current Million BDT) 24,391 25,533 25,853 30,911 35,922 43,165 99,674 280,777 489,787 727,711 799,929 1,105,181 1,525,178 1,663,240 2,001,766 2,370,855 3,329,731 4,724,769

ngladesh Affe

% 8

ds


1049 FINAL REP 0

s

Loss Normalized by GDP

2.30% 2.27% 0.02% 0.00% 3.23% 2.55% 4.65% 0.83% 0.92% 4.81% 8.34% 0.48% 0.99% 0.04% 9.75% 1.06% 4.03% 1.56%

ected by Floo

80%

er Risk A-8144)

53 051215

ods

7 2014 GPD e

Tab

Retur

(y

Annua

Figure

estimated at 147,

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

Estim

ated

Loss

Norm

alized

by

GDP

ble 20. Floode

rn Period years)

Are

(So

2 5 10 20 50 100

500

al Average

e 21. Countryw

,349 million USD

AAL 2

ed area of Ba

ea Affected by Floource: NWMP, 200

20%

30%

37%

43%

52%

60%

70%

‐

wide Exceeda

D

2 5

Mean R

angladesh for

od 00)

Los

Normalized

0.68

2.62

3.98

5.14

6.89

8.44

10.38

1.5%

ance Probabi

10 20

eturn Period (

Final Repo

r different ret

ss d by GDP (cur

8%

2%

8%

4%

9%

4%

8%

%

ility Curve of

50 100

(Years)


SF13-

turn periods

Loss rrent million USD)

1,002 3,861 5,862 7,577 10,149 12,436 15,295 2,210

Floods Loss

0

2

4

6

8

1

1

1

1

0 500


1049 FINAL REP 0

7

ses

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Estim

ated

Loss

(Billion

USD)

er Risk A-8144)

54 051215

3.2.3 S

3.2.3.1

The 1988 f

Banglades

country ag

other cities

(Banglape

population

(EMDAT)

1.424 billio

(Ahmed, 2

(UNDP/GO

Significant

The 1988 F

floods in Bang

sh (see Figure

ggravated the

s (such as Sera

dia, 2014). Acc

n). The official

. Reported eco

on USD (Worl

2006). The perc

OB, 1988) is sh

Figure 22

and Recen

Floods

gladesh, which

22). Heavy rai

flood. Eighty‐

ajganj, Gopalg

cording to the

l death toll wa

onomic loss es

d Bank, 2010),

centage of sec

hown in Table

2. Flood Affec

nt Flood Ev

h occurred mai

infall together

‐five percent o

ganj, Tangail, R

e MDMR, over

as 1,621 people

timates (in 198

, 2.137 billion U

tor losses from

e 21; note that

cted Areas fr

vents

inly in August

r with very hig

of Dhaka city w

Ranjbari and F

r 44 million pe

e (MDMR) wh

88 values) ran

USD (EMDAT

m the rehabilit

residential los

rom the 1988

Final Repo

t and Septemb

gh flows of all

was inundated

Faridpurko) w

eople were affe

hile others rep

nge from 1.137

T), to 100 billio

tation and reco

sses are not inc

Floods (Sour


SF13-

ber, affected ab

l the three maj

d by the Burig

were under 5 to

ected (about 4

port are as high

7 billion USD (

on BDT (3.151

onstruction pr

cluded in the

rce: Banglape


1049 FINAL REP 0

bout 60% of

or rivers of th

ganga River, an

o 10 feet of wa

43% of the cou

h as 2,440 peop

(UNDP/GOB,

billion USD)

rogram

assessment.

edia)

er Risk A-8144)

55 051215

he

nd

ater

untry

ple

1988),

3.2.3.2

The 1998 f

100 years.

Figure 23)

estimated

Hobiganj,

Pabna, Raj

occurred f

Lingering

danger‐lev

from the s

high tides,

flood of 19

In total, of

dwellings

loss estima

USD) (Ahm

shown in T

Tab

The 1998 F

floods are rega

In total, 53 of

; about 50% of

to be up to th

Jamalpur, Kh

jbari, Rajshahi

from about Jul

intensive rain

vel flows of th

ynchronizatio

, and the La N

998. (Climate P

fficial (MDMR

damaged, 31

ates (in 1998 v

med, 2006), 3.4

Table 22.

Table 22. S

ble 21. 1988 F

(Source:

Infrastruc

Floods

arded as the lo

the 64 district

f the country w

ree meters. In

hagrachari, Ku

i, Rangpur, Sh

ly to mid‐Sept

n throughout B

he three major

on of the peak

Niña situation h

Proofing Infra

R) impact estim

million people

values) range f

4 billion USD

Sector-Wise 1

Infrastruc

Floods Rehab

UNDP/GOB,

Sector

Residentia

cture (Roads, RailwIndustria

Crop

Non‐Crop Agric

ongest‐lasting

ts of Banglade

was under wa

particular, Co

rigram, Lalmo

herpur, Sirajan

tember and the

Bangladesh du

rivers (Gange

flow of the th

have been ide

structure in B

mates for the y

e affected (24%

from 2.128 bill

(DFO), to 4.3 b

1998 Flood Da

Sector

Residentia

cture (Roads, RailwIndustria

Crop

Non‐Crop Agric

bilitation and

1988; Benso

al

ways, Institutions)l

culture

and most dev

sh were affect

ter for up to 6

omilla, Chittag

onirhat, Manik

ngj and Tangai

e situation rea

uring July to A

es, Brahmaputr

ree major rive

ntified as the m

angladesh, 20

year were abou

% of the popul

ion USD (Wor

billion USD (E

amages (Sou

al

ways, Institutions)l

culture

Final Repo

Reconstructi

on and Clay, 2

Percent of ToN/A

) 65.4

19.8

10.2

4.6

vastating flood

ted by floods o

67 days, and de

gong, Cox s Ba

kganj, Mymen

il districts wer

ached a critical

August, simult

ra, and Meghn

ers between Se

major contribu

10)

ut one million

lation), and 91

rld Bank, 2010

EMDAT). The

urce: Climate

Percent of To20.4

) 18.2

12.0

42.8

6.6


SF13-

ion Program

2002)

otal

d Bangladesh h

of differing m

epth of inund

azar, Faridpur

nsingh, Natore

re severely aff

l peak in early

taneous and co

na), backwate

eptember 7 an

uting factors t

dwellings des

18 lives lost. R

0), 120 billion B

percentage of

Change Cell

otal


1049 FINAL REP 0

has experience

agnitude (e.g.

ation was

r, Feni, Gaiban

e, Nilphamari,

fected. Floodin

y September.

onstant above

r effects result

d September 9

to the devastat

stroyed, 2.5 m

Reported econo

BDT (2.59 billi

f sector losses

, 2009)

er Risk A-8144)

56 051215

ed in

, see

ndha,

,

ng

‐

ting

9 and

ting

million

omic

ion

is

3.2.3.3

The 2004 f

Banglades

reached in

affected by

torrential r

Banglades

areas and

In total, of

dwellings

loss estima

(World Ba

shown in T

(Source:

The 2004 F

floods in Bang

sh in April from

n late July. In t

y the main floo

rain and high

sh, but also flo

some of the m

fficial (MDMR

damaged, 41

ates (in 2004 v

ank, 2004), to 2

Table 23.

Figure 23.

Right Image

Floods

gladesh comme

m monsoonal

otal, 39 out of

ods (e.g., see F

winds over a

ooding in areas

most productiv

R) impacts for t

million people

values) range f

200 billion BDT

. Flood Affect

– BARC; Lef

enced in early

rains. The hig

64 districts an

Figure 24). In m

six‐day period

s not normally

ve agricultural

the year were

e affected (29%

from 1.86 billio

T (3.36 billion

ted Areas fro

ft Image – Inte

y July followin

ghest water lev

nd 36 million p

mid‐Septembe

d, bringing ren

y flooded by th

land. (Disaste

about one mil

% of the popul

on USD (CDP

USD) (Ahmed

Final Repo

om the 1998 F

ernational Vo

ng early floodin

vels and wides

people (25% o

er, a localized

newed floodin

he rivers, inclu

er and Emerge

llion dwelling

lation) and 76

– as of Augus

d, 2006). The p


SF13-

Floods

oluntary Serv

ng in the north

st extent of the

of the total pop

depression ca

ng to many pa

uding Dhaka a

ency Response

gs destroyed, 3

5 lives lost. Re

st 4, 2004), 2.28

percentage of s


1049 FINAL REP 0

vices)

hwest districts

e flood was

pulation) were

aused continuo

arts of Central

and other urba

e, 2004)

3.6 million

eported econo

8 billion USD

sector losses is

er Risk A-8144)

57 051215

s of

e

ous

an

omic

s

3.2.3.4

The 2007 f

initially af

following

39 districts

Figure 24.

(So

Inf

The 2007 F

floods in Bang

ffected Nilpha

days, Rangpu

s were inunda

2004 Flood I

Table

ource: CPD-IR

Se

Resi

rastructure (RoadsInd

C

Non‐Crop

Floods

gladesh came i

amari, Lalmon

ur, Gaibandha,

ated up until a

ntensity Base

e 23. Sector-W

RBD Rapid As

ector

idential

s, Railways, Institudustrial

Crop p Agriculture

n two main w

irhat, Kurigra

, Bogra, and Si

about August 6

ed on Water L

Wise 2004 Flo

ssessment of

Percen

(CPD

3

utions) 3

4

2

3

waves. The first

m, Sherpur, Ja

irajgonj distric

6th. The second

Final Repo

Level (Source

ood Damages

f Flood and W

nt of TotalD‐IRBD)

Pe

(Wo

32.5

37.2

4.7

22.2

3.4

t wave comme

amalpur, Sylh

ct were also flo

d wave comm


SF13-

e: CPD-IRBD,

s

World Bank)

ercent of Total orld Bank, 2004)

20.4

35.4

15.6

28.6

enced around

het, and Sunam

ooded, and su

menced on Sept


1049 FINAL REP 0

, 2004)

the 24th of Jul

mgonj districts

ubsequently up

tember 5th and

er Risk A-8144)

58 051215

y and

s. In

p to

d

continued

total of 46

affected ab

In total, of

dwellings

billion USD

percentage

up until the 1

districts were

bout 32,000 km

fficial (MDMR

damaged, 10.

D (GOB, 2007)

e of sector loss

Ta

(Sourc

15th of Septemb

e affected to va

m2 of Banglade

R) impacts for t

7 million peop

), although it i

ses is shown in

ble 24. Secto

S

Food anH

Infra

Ed

F

ce: Left Imag

ber when som

arying degrees

esh. (GOB, 200

the year were

ple affected an

is unclear if th

n Table 24.

or-Wise 2007

Sector

nd AgricultureHealth

astructure

ducation

Total

igure 25. 200

e – DMIC/CDM

me new district

s during both

07)

about 66 thou

nd 594 lives los

hese estimates

Flood Damag

Damage Cost(million BDT)

45,296

516

25,178

1,544

72,535

7 Flood Affec

MP, 2007; Rig

Final Repo

ts apart from t

flood waves (

usand dwellin

st. Economic l

include losses

ges (Source:

Percent of Tot

62.4%

0.7%

34.7%

2.1%

100%

cted Areas

ght Image – U


SF13-

the previous 3

(e.g., see Figur

gs destroyed,

losses are estim

s to the residen

GOB, 2007)

tal

UNOSAT, 200


1049 FINAL REP 0

9 were floode

re 25). The floo

920 thousand

mated at 1.07

ntial sector; th

07)

er Risk A-8144)

59 051215

d. A

od

d

he

3.3 Ea

Devastatin

Banglades

makers tha

of earthqu

Banglades

system (Ba

supervisio

vulnerable

that a mod

of life and

as the 2013

The impac

shaking, li

reported t

geography

ground sh

2006 Bang

east) the se

Dhaka as a

the Wester

seismic ris

8 On 24 Apri

Banglade

arthquake

ng tropical cyc

sh in recent de

at earthquake

uake hazard in

sh is surround

anglapedia, 20

on, and lack of

e to earthquak

derate to sever

property. In t

3 Savar buildin

ct of earthquak

iquefaction, fir

o cause boat c

y, the main ha

haking hazard

gladesh Nation

eismic hazard

a Seismic Zon

rn United Stat

sk than Dhaka

il 2013, an eight‐sh. The search fo

clones and floo

ecades. This ha

is not a major

n Bangladesh h

ed by regions

014). Inadequa

f enforcement

kes (Ahmed et

re earthquake

the recent past

ng collapse8, m

kes in Banglad

re following e

capsize and dr

zard from ear

in Bangladesh

nal Building C

is considered

e 3 (out of 4), w

tes and Japan.

a.

story commercia

or the dead ended

ods occur freq

as created a fee

r hazard for Ba

has been relati

of high seism

ate detailed de

of building co

al., 2012). In p

in any of the m

t, some buildin

mainly due to

desh can lead t

arthquake, gro

owning death

thquakes is gr

h while Figure

ode. In genera

d to be high. Fo

which is on pa

Other major c

al building collapd on 13 May with

quently in Ban

eling of false s

angladesh (Ch

ively neglected

micity with num

esign drawing

odes and regul

particular, ther

major cities of

ngs have colla

poor design a

to many hazar

ound subsiden

hs), and landsl

round shaking

e 27 shows the

al, for many p

or example, th

ar with well‐k

cities such as S

psed in Savar, a sh a death toll of

Final Repo

ngladesh, but n

security amon

houdhury, 199

d (Benson and

merous active

gs, poor quality

lations have m

re is a growin

f Bangladesh m

apsed in Dhak

and constructio

rds, including

nce, tsunamis,

lides. Primarily

g. Figure 26 ill

e seismic zonin

arts of Bangla

he 1997 Unifor

known seismic

Sylhet and Ch

sub‐district in the1,129. (The Guar


SF13-

no major earth

ng the public a

93). Furthermo

d Clay, 2002). N

faults, includi

y of constructi

made areas in B

ng apprehensio

may result in a

ka city under g

on practices.

g but not limite

, seiches (whic

y due to its low

lustrates the g

ng map of Ban

adesh (in parti

rm Building C

cally active loc

ittagong have

e Greater Dhakardian, 2013)


1049 FINAL REP 0

hquake has aff

and some decis

ore, the assessm

Nevertheless,

ing the Dauki

ion, lack of pro

Bangladesh

on in the coun

a devastating l

gravity loads, s

ed to ground

ch have been

w‐lying deltai

general earthq

ngladesh from

cular the north

ode (UBC) rat

cations in part

e even a higher

a Area, the capita

er Risk A-8144)

60 051215

fected

sion

ment

Fault

oper

ntry

loss

such

ic

uake

m the

h and

tes

s of

r

al of

Fig

Figure 27. S

gure 26. Seism

Seismic Zoni

mic Hazard in

ng Map from

n Bangladesh

the 2006 Ban

Final Repo

h (Source: GS

ngladesh Nat


SF13-

SHAP, ASC)

tional Buildin


1049 FINAL REP 0

g Code

er Risk A-8144)

61 051215

3.3.1 H

Publically catalogs ahistorical homogene

catalog for

1. Th

2. Th

3. Th

4. Th

5. Th

6. Th

20

7. Th

8. Th

A

Due to ovewere consCatalogue

the Unitedagencies (historically

established

The existiconsistent

catalogs, tmagnitude

the originDue to lacor Muk – uoriginal mreported in

Note that from the vfrom agenselected foSimilarly,

Historical E

available hisare neither coearthquake ceous catalog for Bangladesh a

he ISC‐GEM Ghe USGS PAGhe EHB Bullethe Internationhe ISC‐GEM Ghe Szeliga et 009 he ISC‐GEM Ghe India Eart

Authority (NDM

erlaps betwee

sidered for the) include datad States Geolo(such as the y, Bangladeshd in 1954.

ing catalogs w. The most obhe magnitude

e (Mw). Magni

al catalogs we

ck of data, othunspecified) wmagnitude unitn the desired M

the ISC Bulletvarious contrincies reportingor each eventhe “preferred

Earthquake

storical earthqomprehensive atalogs were or the entire reare the followi

Global InstrumGER‐CAT cataltin, which covnal Seismologi

Global Histori

al. (2010) Cat

Global Histori

thquake CataMA), which co

n the ISC Bullhe ISC Bulletina from severalogical SurveyIndia Meteor

h has had only

were not origbvious inconsie values assignitude units of ere convertedher magnitude

were taken as ts in the full hMw unit.

tin generally ributing agencig Mw and thost. The originad” parameters

e Informati

quake catalognor fully conuniformly pregion. The dating:

mental Earthqulog which covers the periodcal Centre (ISCcal Earthquakalog of Felt E

cal Earthquakalogue from tovers the perio

letin and othern. Note that l agencies, incly (USGS), the rological Depy one official s

ginally compil

istency is the ned to each evmb (body wav

d to Mw usinge units (ML ‐ loa one‐to‐one chistorical catalo

reports more ties that make

se from more al authors of s available in

on

gs specific tonsistent with rocessed and ta sources con

uake Cataloguvers the periodd from 1960 – 2C) Bulletin, wh

ke Catalogue, wEarthquakes in

ke Archive, wh

the Governmod from 2474 B

r catalogs, onlsome of theseluding the Na

Global Centrpartment andseismic observ

led using thedifference in

vent were convve magnitude)

g empirical gloocal magnitud

conversion to og. Over 60%

than one magn

e up its databprominent agthe magnitu

the PAGER‐C

Final Repo

Bangladesh one another. merged to o

nsidered for th

ue, which coved 1900 – 20082008 hich covers thwhich covers tn India, which

hich covers theent of India BC – 2008 AD

ly the years froe catalogs (e.gational Earthquroid‐Moment‐Tthe Geologic

vatory, which

e same procedmagnitude scverted to a com) and Ms (surfaobal relationshde, mB ‐ broadMw. Table 25of the events

nitude value fase. A more agencies (such ude value areCAT database


SF13-

are limited, a To alleviate obtain a relatihe developmen

ers the period

he period fromthe period 100h covers the p

e period 1000 –National Dis

D

om 1904 to 19g., the ISC Bu

quake Informa

Tensor (CMT

cal Survey ofis located in C

dures and thcale. Before mmmon scale, iace wave mag

hips derived d‐band body‐w5 illustrates thin the final ca

for each eventappropriate vas the Globale indicted in were selected


1049 FINAL REP 0

and existing these issues,ively complet

nt of the earth

1900 – 2009

m 1904 – 201400 – 1903 period from 1

– 1903 saster Manage

960 and 2009 toulletin and Ntion Center (N

T) Project, andf India). Note

Chittagong an

hus are not eqmerging the exin this case mo

gnitude) reporby Scordilis (wave magnitu

he disaggregatatalog are orig

t in its catalogvalue, such as l CMT Projectthe final datd. For the Szel

er Risk A-8144)

62 051215

global eight te and hquake

762 to

ement

o 2014 NDMA NEIC), d local e that nd was

qually xisting oment rted in (2006). ude, M tion of ginally

g, each those

t), was tabase. liga et

al. (2010) Furthermo

During thePAGER‐CGlobal Hi

GEM Glob

The final converted selected foparameter

before the

The final mainshock

several dedependen

Figure 28 s≥ 4.0 that occurred iestimated largest ins1950. Coinbeen cause

Catalog, theore, only even

Table 25. D

OriUnit

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

>

T

e merging of tAT catalog, fostorical Earthbal Historical E

catalog was mmagnitude M

or inclusion inrs for any giveground motio

merged catalks and fore/ae‐clustering mt on the input

shows the epioccurred fromin 825 AD neaMw 8.8 earthqstrumented evncidently, this ed by a non‐su

e parameters ts with a repo

isaggregation

iginal t Value

M

0-4.5 4

5-5.0 3

0-5.5 13

5-6.0 22

0-6.5 11

5-7.0 1

> 7.0 0

Total 54

the original caollowed by thquake CatalogEarthquake A

manually corrMw 4.0 or grean the final histoen event in theon instrument

log is de‐clustftershocks. Thmethodologies

parameters an

centers of the m 825 to 2013. ar the presentquake that occvent in the finevent is regarubduction eve

considered rted magnitud

n of Original

mB M

0 1

0 7

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

2 0

2 8

atalogs, the highe EHB Bulletigue, followed

rchive, and fo

rected for duter and epicenorical catalog. e historical cattation period.

tered using thhis de‐clusteris are availablend assumption

5,181 reportedThe oldest ev

t‐day city of Gcurred on Aprnal catalog is trded by the Uent.

are based onde value were

Magnitude U

L MUK Ms

0 1

0 0

0 0

0 25

0 6

1 9

0 5

8 1 46

ghest priority win, followed bd by the Szeligollowed by the

plicate eventsnters within laIn general, sotalog, especiall

he methodolo

ing approache (such as Rns selected.

d earthquakesvent in the daGuwahati, Indril 2, 1762 nearthe Mw 8.6 As

USGS as the lar

Final Repo

n the “Minim

considered.

nits in the Fu

mb M

682 1,

679 7

444 2

31 2

1 1

0 3

0 3

1,837 3,

was given to tby the ISC Buga et al. (2010e NDMA India

s and obviousatitude 16.5 toome level of unly for events p

ogy of Gardnh is used mai

Reasenberg, 19

s in the historiatabase is an edia. The largesr the present‐dssam earthqurgest known i


SF13-

mum Deviati

ull Historical C

Mw Total

,878 2,566

749 1,438

223 680

204 282

113 131

34 45

32 39

233 5,181

the GEM catalulletin, followe

0) Catalog, foa Earthquake C

s errors. Onlyo 31 and longncertainty is toprior to the 19

ner & Knopoffinly for illustr985) and the

ical earthquakestimated Mw st event in theday city of Sittake that occuinstrumented


1049 FINAL REP 0

ion” methodo

Catalog

log, followed bed by the ISCollowed by theCatalogue.

y earthquakesgitude 84 to 96o be expected 900s which occ

f (1974) to idrative purposoutcome is h

ke database wi

8.0 earthquake final catalogtwe, Myanma

urred on Auguearthquake to

er Risk A-8144)

63 051215

ology.

by the C‐GEM e ISC‐

s with 6.5 are in the curred

dentify ses, as highly

ith Mw

ke that g is an ar. The ust 15, o have

Figure 28. Thhe Historical E

Earthquake D

Database Dev

Final Repo

veloped for th


SF13-

he Banglades


1049 FINAL REP 0

h Region

er Risk A-8144)

64 051215

The final Instrumen

catalog, 962,925 are fcatalog is afor events

Figure 2

Table 26 licounts of e100 years, reported wBanglades

records, thBanglades

and 1‐in‐2

historical eantal Earthquak68 are from thefrom the NDM

approximately

of magnitude

29. Cumulativ

ists the numbe

events 50 km w1913 to 2013).within 50 km osh borders is phere is about ash borders; for, respectively.

arthquake catake Catalog, 16e ISC Bulletin,

MA catalog. Coy complete froe 6.0 or greater

ve Number of

(Mw) Great

er of earthquakwithin Bangla Over the last of Bangladesh provided in Figa 1‐in‐50 chancr an Mw 6.0 or

alog includes6 are from the, 1,087 are fromompleteness tiom about 1960r (e.g., see Figu

Events in the

ter than 5.0 (le

kes (both main

adesh borders 100 years, a toborders. A mgure 30. In sumce per year thagreater and an

s 5,181 eventse GEM Histor

m the EHB catime in the cata0 for events of ure 29).

e Final Histor

eft image) an

nshocks and to(both during total of 79 earthagnitude recummary, basedat an Mw 7.0 orn Mw 5.0 or gre

Final Repo

s, of which rical Catalogutalog, 26 are fralog varies formagnitude 5.

rical Earthqua

nd 6.0 (right im

otal events) inthe entire repohquake eventsurrence plot ofd on 100 years r greater eventeater event, th


SF13-

101 are fromue, 58 are fromrom the Szeligr different reg0 or greater, a

ake Database

mage).

n the entire catorted history as with Mw 5.0 of mainshock evof instrument

t will occur 50he annual chan


1049 FINAL REP 0

m the GEM Gm the PAGERga et al. catalogions. In generand from abou

e with Magnit

talog, includinand within theor greater wer

vents 50 km wted historical 0 km within nce is about 1‐

er Risk A-8144)

65 051215

Global R‐CAT g, and ral, the ut 1830

tude

ng e last re within

‐in‐9

Figure 30

Table 26

Mw

4.0-4

4.5-5

5.0-5

5.5-6

6.0-6

6.5-7

7.0-7

7.5-8

≥8.0

Tota

. Magnitude R

0.0

0.

Cumulative

Rate

(Per A

nnum)

6. Number of

w Total

Mainshoc

4.5 284

5.0 320

5.5 295

6.0 149

6.5 58

7.0 30

7.5 19

8.0 7

0 9

al 1,171

Recurrence P

1

1

1

4.5 5

Reported Eve

Catalog

ck Total

2,566

1438

680

282

131

45

22

8

9

5,181

Plot of Report

Bangl

5.0 5.5

ents in the Hi

Within 50 kmBanglades

Borders(Entire Reco

Mainshock

38

38

36

21

17

3

5

2

1

161

ted Mainshoc

adesh Borde

6.0

Magnitude (

Final Repo

istorical Earth

m of sh ord)

WitB

(1

Total Main

206 3

106 3

55 2

30 1

20

3

5

2

1

428 1

ck Events from

ers

6.5

(Mw)


SF13-

hquake Datab

thin 50 km of Bangladesh

Borders 1913-2013)

shock Tota

32 198

35 101

29 44

15 23

9 9

1 1

2 2

0 0

0 0

23 378

m 1913 to 20

7.0


1049 FINAL REP 0

base

l

13 Within 50

7.5

er Risk A-8144)

66 051215

km of

3.3.2 E

Disaster co

major hist

both local

inventory

population

including:

1. A

2. A

3. A

Te

4. A

50

5. B

6. C

Ba

7. D

M

8. EM

Ep

9. EX

10. G

R

11. M

fo

12. N

13. N

Ea

14. PA

15. R

an

re

em

16. R

Em

17. SU

M

Earthquake

onsequence da

orical earthqu

and internatio

of reported ea

n and assets in

ADRC: DisasteAKHTER: AkhALI: Ali, H. (19echnology TooAMBRASEYS: 06‐508 ANGLAPEDI

CHOUDHURY

angkok DMIC: The BanManagement anMDAT: The Epidemiology oXPO: the USGGLIDE: The GLeduction CentMARTIN: Mar

or 570 EarthquNEWS: News aNGDC: The Na

arthquake DatAGER: the USRELIEFWEB: Tnd non‐governeports, press remergencies wo

RSOE: Hungar

mergency andULTANA: Su

Mitigation in Ba

e Conseque

atabases of ear

uake events oc

onal. This data

arthquakes eve

n Bangladesh.

er information hter, S.H. (2010998) “Earthquaols for Natura

Ambraseys N

IA: The nationY: Choudhury,

ngladesh Disand Relief Emergency Evof Disasters (CGS EXPO‐CATLobal IDEntifiter (ADRC) rtin, S. and Szeuakes in India articles, such aational Geophtabase and GloSGS PAGER‐CThe online infonmental organeleases, appeaorldwide rian National Ad Disaster Infoltana, S., Rahmangladesh” AR

ence

rthquakes in B

curring in Ban

a was assembl

ents (includin

Data was coll

reports issued0) “Earthquakeake Database aal Disaster RiskN. (2004) “Thre

nal encycloped, J.R. (1993) “S

ster Managem

ents DatabaseCRED) T earthquake cer (GLIDE) nu

eliga, W. (2010from 1636 to 2as those issuedysical Data Ceobal Historica

CAT earthquakormation reponizations, goveals, policy docu

Association oformation Serviman, U., and SRPN Journal o

Bangladesh are

ngladesh has b

led into a data

ng tsunami) wh

lected and pro

d by the Asianes of Dhaka” iand Seismic Zk Managemen

ee little known

dia of BangladSeismicity in B

ment Informati

e (EMDAT), m

atalog umber databas

0) “Electronic S2009” Bulletin d by Reuters, thenter / World Dal Tsunami Dake catalog sitory “ReliefWernments, reseuments, analy

Radio Distresice (EDIS) Saika, U. (2013of Earth Scienc

Final Repo

e limited. As s

been collected

abase and repr

hich have had

ocessed from a

n Disaster Redin Environmen

oning of Bangnt, INCEDE Ren early earthqu

desh Bangladesh” In

ion Center (DM

maintained by t

se, maintained

Supplement ton of the Seismo

the AssociatedData Service (atabase

Web,” which search institutioysis and maps

ss‐Signalling a

3) “Earthquakeces, Vol. 2, No


SF13-

such, consequ

from a large v

resents a comp

d a significant r

a large variety

duction Centernt of Capital Dgladesh”, Inforeport 11, Februuakes in India

ncede Report 5

MIC), Ministry

the Centre for

d by the Asian

o a Catalog of ological Societyd Press, and lo(NGDC/WDS)

scans websites

ons and the mrelated to hum

and Infocomm

e, Cause Susceo. 2, June 2013


1049 FINAL REP 0

ence data from

variety of sour

prehensive

reported impa

of sources,

r Dhaka rmation uary 1998, Bana” Current Sci.

5, February 19

y of Disaster

Research on t

n Disaster

Felt Intensity y of America

cal agencies ) Significant

s of internationmedia for news

manitarian

munications (R

eptibility and R

er Risk A-8144)

67 051215

m

rces,

act on

ngkok ., 86,

993,

the

Data

nal s,

RSOE)

Risk

18. U

in

19. U

20. W

Table 27 p

contains in

correspond

discussed.

In summa

buildings

consequen

significant

data gaps

consequen

it is noted

Furthermo

The earthq

in 1997, 19

detail in th

Year Date

1548 N/A

1642 N/A

1664 N/A

1762 4/2

1812 N/A

1822 4/3

1842 11/11

1846 10/18

1865 12/15

1869 1/10

1885 7/14

9 Note that t

than 50; ““LIMITED

million (a

USGS: the USGnformation issuUTSU: The UtsWIKIPEDIA: R

presents the ev

nformation for

ding ID which

. Table 28 pres

ry, earthquake

damaged/dest

nce informatio

t events in the

in available ea

nce informatio

that many mo

ore, these num

quakes of 1762

999, and 2003 h

he next section

Latitude Longitude M

N/A N/A N

N/A N/A N

25 90 7

20 93.5 8

N/A N/A N

24.32 90.72 7

24 90 6

25.07 90.37 6

22.3 91.05 6

25.5 93 7

24.91 89.43 7

the raw datasets “ SOME” = 50 to 1D” = less than 1 approximately re

GS Significant ued by the USsu Catalog of DReports and in

vent‐by‐event s

r 36 earthquak

h can be joined

sents a decada

e events in Ban

troyed, and ov

on is occasiona

earthquake co

arthquake con

on. Also, these

oderate earthq

mbers do not ac

2, 1897, and 19

have caused so

n.

Table

Mw Tsunami Building

Damaged/De

N/A

N/A FEW

7.7

8.8 Yes VERY MA

N/A FEW

7.1

6.7 Yes

6.2 MANY

6.8 FEW

7.3

7.1

occasionally give100; “ MANY” = million; “ MODE

lated to current U

Earthquakes oSGS Damaging Earnformation coll

summary of th

ke events span

d with the eve

al summary of

ngladesh have

ver 89 million

ally reported w

onsequence da

nsequence reco

numbers may

quakes in and

ccount for tren

918 are noted a

ome damage,

27. Earthqua

gs stroyed Source People

Injured

BANGLAPEDIA

ANY AKHTER

AKHTER

Y AKHTER SOME

AKHTER

e qualitative des100 to 1,000; anERATE” = 1 to 5 USD values).

of the World d

rthquakes in thlected from W

he consequenc

nning from 154

nt parameters

the consequen

e reportedly re

USD in dama

with qualitativ

atabase are sh

ords, and man

y not reflect th

around Bangl

nding and cor

as particularly

albeit to a min

ake Conseque

SourceLife

LossSource

500 AKHTER

AKHTER

0 BANGLAPEDIA

56 MARTIN

criptors of consed “VERY MANY

million; “SEVER

Final Repo

database, as w

he World Wikipedia

ce database of

48 to 2011. Mo

s in historical e

nce database.

esulted in abo

ages since 1900

ve descriptors)

hown in Figure

ny known larg

he accumulatio

ladesh do not

rrespond to ye

y damaging ev

nor extent. Th

ence Databas

Damage Source

EXTREME AKHTER

SEVERE BANGLAPEDIA

SEVERE BANGLAPEDIA

EXTREME WIKIPEDIA

SEVERE AKHTER

LIMITED NGDC

MODERATE AKHTER

LIMITED UTSU

A SEVERE CHOUDHURY

SEVERE AKHTER

equence. Based oY” = over 1,000. SRE” 5 to 25 millio


SF13-

well as reports,

f earthquake e

ost of the even

earthquake da

out 129 lives lo

0 (note that the

). The epicente

e 31. In genera

ge events are m

on of effects of

have reported

ear‐of estimate

vents. More re

ese events are

se9

Sylhet and Chittagong wof the earthquake and

AMore severe damage oc

were cracked buA Considerable damag

A very destructive andBengal, Arakan, etc., mos

east coast of the Bay reported that no build

escaped either desThe earthquake proved jolted Dhaka violently a

and several Strong shaking felt in Dhawith severe damage rep

A major earthquake including Dhaka; the m

fr

Buildings were destroyMy

No seriousKnown as the Cachar Edamage occurred only i

Caused considerable dampossibly more severe

Myme

on NGDC definitSimilarly, for damon; and “EXTRE


1049 FINAL REP 0

event posters

vents. The dat

nts have a

atabase previo

ost, over 1,850

ese are estima

ers of the most

al, there are se

missing

f smaller even

d consequence

es.

cently, earthqu

e discussed in

Notes

were violently shaken; the ded the damage are not availabccurred in Sylhet district. Builut there was no loss of life. ge to settlements in Bangalad violent earthquake felt all ost severely in the north part of Bengal; in Chittagong it wdings or walls built of brick hstruction or serious damage.

violent in Sylhet; the earthqnd damaged a number of hobuildings at Tejgoan. aka and other parts of Banglorts coming in from Mymens

felt over most of Bangladeshmaximum damage was reporrom Pabna. yed in Muktagacha, Sherpur, ymensinghd. s damage occurred. arthquake; in Bangladesh, min the eastern parts of the Sydistrict.

mage in Sirajganj‐Bogra regioe damage in Jarnalpur‐Sherpuensingh region.

tions, “FEW” = lemage estimates EME” = more tha

er Risk A-8144)

68 051215

s, and

tabase

ously

ates as

t

veral

nts as

e data.

uakes

more

etails ble. dings

. over of the

was had

uake ouses

adesh singh. h, rted

and

major ylhet

on and ur‐

ess

an 25

Year Date

1897 6/12

1918 7/8

1923 9/9

1930 7/2

1934 1/15

1950 8/15

1977 5/12

1988 2/6

1988 8/6

1988 8/20

1989 6/12

1997 5/8

1997 11/21

1999 7/22

2000 1/3

2001 12/19

2002 6/20

2003 7/26

2004 12/26

2006 2/14

2007 11/7

2008 1/12

2008 7/26

2010 9/10 2011 9/18

Latitude Longitude M

25.5 91 8

24.599 90.853 7

24.937 90.721 6

25.929 90.177 7

25.58 26.885 8

34.65 28.363 8

21.707 92.908 5

24.703 91.579 5

25.049 95.16 7

26.712 86.627 6

21.936 89.773 5

24.976 92.28 5

22.342 92.7 6

21.658 91.933 5

22.223 92.821 4

23.632 90.376 4

25.998 88.931 4

22.867 92.238 5

3.295 95.982 9

27.382 88.388 5

22.15 92.388 5

22.823 92.291 4

24.827 90.451 5

23.4743 90.6689 5

27.73 88.155 6

Mw Tsunami Building

Damaged/De

8.0 VERY MA

7.2

6.8

7.1

8.0

8.6

5.9

5.8

7.2

6.9

5.8

5.9 SOME

6.1 FEW

5.5 700

4.8 100

4.9 SOME

4.9 SOME

5.6 500

9.0 Yes

5.3

5.5 FEW

4.9 SOME

5.1

5.1 6.9 FEW

gs stroyed Source People

Injured

ANY AKHTER

MANY

SOME

100

30

100

E USGS SOME

WIKIPEDIA 200

NGDC 200

NGDC

E NGDC 100

E NGDC 55

NGDC 32

11

RSOE 10

E NGDC

25

NEWS 1

SourceLife

LossSource

560 BANGLAPEDIA

Y MARTIN 9 MARTIN

50 PAGER

1 MARTIN

USGS

NGDC 2 NGDC

USGS

32 MARTIN

UTSU 1 NGDC

UTSU 0 UTSU

NGDC 23 NGDC

NGDC 6 EMDAT

NGDC 0 UTSU

NGDC 0 UTSU

MARTIN 3 MARTIN

2 USGS

MARTIN

NGDC 0 UTSU

USGS 0 UTSU

NEWS

Final Repo

Damage Source

A EXTREME CHOUDHURY

MODERATE NGDC

LIMITED UTSU

SEVERE NGDC

LIMITED CHOUDHURY

LIMITED CHOUDHURY

LIMITED USGS

MODERATE NGDC

LIMITED AKHTER

LIMITED MARTIN

MODERATE NGDC

LIMITED UTSU

MODERATE UTSU

SEVERE NGDC

LIMITED NGDC

LIMITED NGDC

LIMITED NGDC

MODERATE NGDC

LIMITED USGS

LIMITED NGDC

LIMITED NGDC

LIMITED UTSU

LIMITED NGDC LIMITED USGS


SF13-

Great Indian Earthquanorthern, central and

caused serious damage ain Sylhet town whe

Intense damage occurrebuildings i

The earthquake causedand was felt

Known as the Dhubri Eaonly in the eastern partwas killed at Bishalputhough serious at place

Lalmonirhat,

Known as the Bihar EartBihar, Nepal and Uttar P

of Bangladesh wKnown as the Assam Ethroughout Banglades

water bodies in Dhaka re

Slight damage and some

many buildings in Chnumerous people were

Two people killed at leaS

The earthquake was wid

The earthquake was wiSeismic seiches were Bangladesh that capsizferry on the Jamuna RBangladesh killing two

One person killed, at leain the B

Several people injurebuild

The 1997 Chittagong eaearthquake; 23 people building collapsed in H

damaged at AlikadNakhy

Six people killed, over 2damaged or destroye

damage

At least 100 home

At the Dhaka Central Jaistampede; a few older

repor

Fifty people injured aThakurgaon and some b

A

Known as the Borkol earand nearly thirty‐two inarea of Chittagong Div

reported from Aimacha

and Rangamati while buChittagong, Cox“s BazSonadia; in ChittagonModunaghat Grid Sub

power supply; subsidenwas observ

Known as the Suma

generated devastatingcoasts of most landmass

Bangladesh, two childrecapsized in surging wav

B

In Bangladesh, 11 peopstampedes at Gaibandhin ponds and other wate

in Ten people injured in C

damage occurred aR

Some buildingsAt least 25 students a

injured, some seriouslyfloors of dSlight dam

Minor damage to


1049 FINAL REP 0

Notes

ake; produced severe damage

d eastern parts of Bangladesand collapse to masonry builre the death toll rose to 545d in Srimangal; caused dama

n Dhaka and Sylhet. d heavy damage at Mymensi

t all over Bangladesh. arthquake; caused major damts of Rangpur district; one per; damage was not widesprees such as Cooch Behar, Dhu, Nilphamari and Tura. thquake; caused great dama

Pradesh but did not affect anyith any degree of severity. Earthquake; the tremor was fsh but no damage was reportemained in a state of agitatioan hour.

e injuries in southeast Banglaittagong developed cracks aninjured, some after jumping buildings. st 100 injured and damage inylhet area. dely felt in Bangladesh with mdamage. idely felt in much of Bangladreported from several parts zed numerous boats includiniver at Aricha near Manikgan

people and leaving nearly thmissing.

ast 100 injured and minor daBanaripara area. ed and some damage to oldedings at Sylhet. rthquake, or the 1997 Bandawere killed when a 5‐storey amgerbagh, Chittagong; Houdam, Bandarban, Lama and yaungcharipara, 00 injured, and about 700 hod on Maheshkhali Island; some at Cox's Bazaar. es damaged at Maheshkhali.

il, 100 prisoners were injuredbuildings in old Dhaka city wrted damaged. at Rangpur, 5 people injured uildings damaged at RangpuAlmanagar. rthquake; three people were njured in the Barkhol‐Rangamvision, Bangladesh; damage wra, Barkhol, Boroharina, Lanuildings developed cracks a fzaar, Moheskhali, Kutubdia ang, a small fire occurred at thb‐station temporarily disruptce was reported and liquefaved near Kolabonia. tra Earthquake and Tsunami

g tsunamis that struck along ses bordering the Indian Oceen were killed after a tourist ves; minimal damage observeangladesh. ple were injured in quake‐relaha; seismic seiches were obseer bodies at Dinajpur and RanBangladesh. Chittagong Hill Tracts and mi

t Bandarban, Chittagong andRangamati. s damaged at Rangamati. at Dhaka Dhaka University wey, after jumping out of the updormitories in panic. age at Narayanganj. several buildings in Dhaka.

er Risk A-8144)

69 051215

e in h; ldings . age to

ingh

mage erson ead ubri,

ge in y part

felt ted; on for

adesh; nd from

n the

minor

esh. of

ng a nj in hirty

mage

er

arban RCC uses

omes me

d in a were

at ur and

killed mati was gadu far as and he ing ction

i; the an; in boat ed in

ated erved ngpur

inor d

ere pper

Figure

Table

Decade

Pre‐1900s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Total

e 31. The Epi

28. Decadal

Number of Events

E

D

12 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 4 3 9 2 36

centers of So

Summary of

Estimated Dwellin

Damaged/Destroy

> 3,050

850

950

50

> 4,900

ome Significa

the Earthqua

ngs

yed Estimate

People Inju100

1,000

100

230

500

233

1

2164

ant Events in

Final Repo

ake Conseque

ed

ured Estimate

Life Loss1,116

9

50

1

35

29

5

1,245

the Earthqua


SF13-

ence Databas

ed

s Estimated D

(million > 207

5 1 26

1 1 12 31 12 2

> 298

ake Conseque


1049 FINAL REP 0

se

Damage USD) 7

8

ence Databas

er Risk A-8144)

70 051215

se

3.3.3 S

3.3.3.1

The 1762 Amoment mIntensity (triggered aliquefactio

had escapekilled. At Dboats. (NG

3.3.3.2

The 1897 A

an estimat

buildings

tremor wa

Mymensin

damage w

Loss of life

suffered se

property w

Significant

The 1762 A

Arakan earthqmagnitude of 8MMI) scale. Ta local tsunamon effects suched either destrDhaka, rivers GDC, 2014; Ak

The 1897 A

Arakan Earthq

ted moment m

in Sylhet whe

as felt through

ngh, many pub

was reported fo

e was not high

evere ground

was heavy and

and Recen

Arakan Ea

quake occurred8.8 and a maxi

The earthquakemi in the Bay oh as sand volcaruction or seriand water bod

khter, 2010)

Arakan Ea

quake (also kn

magnitude of 8

re the death to

hout Bengal, fr

blic buildings

or the bridges

h, but the repo

shaking, espe

d in Tippera, m

nt Earthqu

rthquake

d along the noimum estimate

e was associatf Bengal. Chittanoes and grouious damage. Adies were agit

rthquake

nown as the Gr

8.0 (e.g., see Fig

oll rose to 545,

om the south

were damage

on the Dhaka

orted loss of pr

cially on the e

masonry build

ake Events

orth‐eastern coed intensity ofed with major

tagong was saund fissures, aAt Bar Chara, tated due to se

reat India Eart

gure 32). The e

, mostly due to

Lushai Hills o

ed and very few

‐Mymensingh

roperty was es

eastern side, an

dings and old t

Final Repo

s

oast of the Bayf XI (extreme) r areas of bothaid to have “suand that no bujust north of Ceiches, resultin

thquake), occu

event caused s

o the collapse

on the east to S

w two‐storied

h railway and

stimated at fiv

nd 15 persons

temples were


SF13-

y of Bengal wit

on the Modifi

h uplift and suuffered severeuildings or wa

Cox s Bazar, 2ng in deaths fr

urred in the Sh

serious damag

of masonry bu

Shahbad on th

d brick houses

traffic was sus

ve million Rup

died. In Dhak

damaged. (Ba


1049 FINAL REP 0

th an estimate

ied Mercalli ubsidence and ely” with soil alls built of bri00 people wer

rom capsizing

hillong Plateau

ge to masonry

uildings. The

he west. In

survived. Hea

spended for w

pees. Rajshahi

ka, damage to

anglapedia, 20

er Risk A-8144)

71 051215

ed

ick re

u with

y

avy

weeks.

14)

Fi

3.3.3.3

The 1918 S

7.2 (e.g., se

and factor

as Sylhet,

strong gro

destroyed

gure 32. Histo

The 1918 S

Srimangal Eart

ee Figure 33).

ries and killed

Moulavi Baza

ound shaking t

. (Sarker et al.,

oric ShakeMa

Srimangal

thquake occur

The event dam

at least two p

ar, Habiganj, B

that resulted in

, 2010)

ap of the 1897

Earthquak

rred in the nor

maged or destr

eople (Sabri, 2

Brahmanbaria,

n many house

7 Assam Eart

ke

rtheast region

royed many b

2001). Structur

Kishoreganj,

es being displa

Final Repo

thquake (Sou

of Bangladesh

brick buildings

ral damage wa

and Agartala

aced off their f


SF13-

urce: Hough e

h with a mom

s, bridges, hos

as widespread

(India). Sylhe

foundations, d


1049 FINAL REP 0

et al., 2003)

ment magnitud

spitals, water t

d, extending as

t was subjecte

damaged, or

er Risk A-8144)

72 051215

de of

tanks,

s far

ed to

Sarker et a

parameter

that a futu

thousand

hospitals,

of seismic

3.3.3.4

The 1997 C

Banglades

and 200 w

Banglades

al. (2010) perfo

rs of the 1918 S

ure repeat of th

deaths, more t

fire stations, o

design in the

Figure 3

The 1997 C

Chittagong ear

sh‐India‐Myan

were injured wh

sh, more than

ormed a comp

Srimangal Ear

he 1918 Sriman

than 25 thousa

ordinary build

city.

33. Seismic In

Chittagong

rthquake, also

nmar border re

hen a five‐stor

100 km away

rehensive eart

thquake as a s

ngal Earthqua

and injuries an

dings, and brid

ntensity Distr

(Sourc

g Earthqua

o known as the

egion with a m

ry reinforced c

(see Figure 34

thquake loss a

scenario event

ake would be c

nd a total econ

dges would su

ribution of the

ce: Sabri, 200

ake

e Bandarban e

moment magn

concrete frame

4) (Akhter, 201

Final Repo

assessment for

t. The results o

catastrophic, p

nomic loss of a

uffer significan

e 1918 Srima

01)

earthquake, oc

nitude of 6.1. T

e building coll

10; USGS, 2014


SF13-

r the Sylhet Ci

of the loss asse

possibly result

about 220 mill

nt damage due

ngal Earthqu

ccurred on No

Twenty‐three p

lapsed in Chit

4; Al‐Hussaini


1049 FINAL REP 0

ity, considerin

essment indica

ting in over 21

lion USD. Scho

e to the genera

uake

vember 21, ne

people were ki

ttagong,

i, 2011)

er Risk A-8144)

73 051215

ng the

ate

1

ools,

al lack

ear the

illed

Figur

3.3.3.5

A moment

According

destroyed

3.3.3.6

A moment

upazila, R

homes we

Barkhol, B

Moheskha

temporaril

Szeliga, 20

re 34. Five-sto

The 1999 M

t magnitude 5

g to USGS repo

on Maheshkh

The 2003 B

t magnitude 5

angamati dist

re damaged in

Boroharina, La

ali, Kutubdia a

ly disrupting p

010; Ansary &

ory Reinforce

Chittago

Maheshkh

5.5 earthquake

orts, six peopl

hali Island. Som

Borkol Ear

5.6 earthquake

rict (e.g., see F

n Chittagong a

angadu and Ra

and Sonadia. In

power supply

Sadek; 2006; N

ed Concrete F

ong Earthquak

ali Island E

occurred in th

e were killed,

me damage w

rthquake

occurred on J

Figure 35). Thr

and the Chitta

angamati whil

n Chittagong,

y. Subsidence a

NGDC, 2014)

Frame Buildin

ke (Source: A

Earthquake

he southeast r

over 200 were

was also reporte

July 26 (UTC t

ree people wer

agong Hill Tra

le buildings de

a small fire oc

and liquefactio

Final Repo

ng Collapse in

Al-Hussaini, 2

e

region of Bang

e injured, and

ed at Cox’s Ba

time) near the

re killed, thirt

acts. Damage w

eveloped crack

ccurred at the

on was observ


SF13-

n Chittagong

2011)

gladesh on July

about 700 hom

azaar.

Kolabunia un

ty‐two were in

was reported f

ks as far as Co

e Modunaghat

ved near Kolab


1049 FINAL REP 0

after the 199

y 22, 1999.

mes damaged

nion of Barkal

njured, and 500

from Aimacha

ox’s Bazaar,

t Grid Sub‐stat

bonia. (Martin

er Risk A-8144)

74 051215

97

d or

0

ara,

tion

n &

Figure 35. U

SGS ShakeM

Map of the 200

Final Repo

03 Borkol Ear


SF13-

rthquake


1049 FINAL REP 0

er Risk A-8144)

75 051215

Figure 36. Brick Mason

ry Damage in

(Source: A

n Kolabunia a

Al-Hussaini,

Final Repo

after the 2003

2011)


SF13-

3 Borkol Earth


1049 FINAL REP 0

hquake

er Risk A-8144)

76 051215

3.4 Se

In addition

to severe s

of severe n

early June

and lightn

circumstan

(DMB, 201

3.4.1 H

Overall, th

year (Yam

occurrence

and torren

newspape

which rep

During thi

Banglades

such a hig

for the mo

evere Storm

n to weather r

storms, which

nor’westers us

. Nor’westers

ning. The avera

nces the wind

10)

Historical S

he frequency o

mane et al., 201

e is generally w

ntial perceptio

er reports, Ono

resents an ave

is same time p

sh, which trans

gh death toll at

onth of April is

m

related hazard

are typically l

sually reaches

are generally

age wind spee

speed may ex

Severe Sto

of severe storm

0). The majori

well distribute

n, devastating

o (2001) claims

erage of 6.4 tor

period (1967 to

slates to about

ttributable to t

s the highest (3

ds such as trop

local thunders

a maximum in

associated wi

ed of a nor’we

xceed 100 km/h

rm Informa

ms in Banglade

ity of severe st

ed throughout

g tornadoes ca

s that Banglad

rnadoes per ye

o 1996), Ono d

t 179 deaths p

tornadic activi

36 percent of a

ical cyclones a

storms known

n April, but th

th squalls (str

ster is typicall

hr. The durati

ation

esh is high, wi

torms have be

t the country (

an spawn durin

desh experienc

ear. Figure 38

etermined the

er year. It is n

ity. Based on O

all activity).

Final Repo

and floods, Ba

n as nor’wester

hey are known

ong winds), to

ly 40‐60 km/hr

ion of the storm

ith an average

een reported in

(e.g., see Figur

ng severe stor

ced 191 tornad

plots the regio

ere were 5,373

noted that no o

Ono’s study, th


SF13-

angladesh is fr

rs or kal‐baisha

n to occur from

orrential rain,

r, but in excep

m is generally

e of over 150 ev

n central Bang

re 37). In addit

rms. Based on

does between 1

onal reported

tornado death

other country i

he average nu


1049 FINAL REP 0

requently expo

akhi. The frequ

m late Februar

tornadoes, ha

ptional

y less than an h

vents estimate

gladesh, althou

tion to high w

a review of

1967 and 1996,

tornado frequ

hs reported in

in the world h

umber of torna

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77 051215

osed

uency

ry to

ail,

hour.

ed per

ugh

winds

,

uency.

n

has

adoes

Figure 37

Figure 38

. Geographic

8. The Distrib

cal Distributio

an

ution of the A

betw

on of 2,324 Se

nd 2005 (Sour

Average Torn

een 1967 and

evere Local C

rce: Yamane e

nado Occurre

d 1996 (Sourc

Final Repo

Convective St

et al., 2010)

nce per 10,00

ce: Ono, 2001


SF13-

torms in Bang

00 Square Mi

1)


1049 FINAL REP 0

gladesh from

les in Bangla

er Risk A-8144)

78 051215

m 1990

adesh

3.4.2 S

Disaster co

major hist

both local

reported s

population

including:

1. B

Fe

2. D

3. D

M

4. EM

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5. FI

ht

6. G

7. O

8. PA

C

16

U

9. U

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Since 1951

Of these, t

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tornado th

Banglades

thundersto

Banglades

population

damage is

of 50 milli

section.

Severe Stor

onsequence da

orical severe s

and internatio

severe storm ev

n and assets in

DRCS: Data aederation of RDER: Data andDMIC: The BanManagement anMDAT: The Epidemiology oINCH: Finch Jttp://banglade

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Case for Introd69, Natural Ha

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1, at least twen

three events ha

The event in 1

hat occurred in

sh s history wi

orms accompa

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a tornado tha

on USD. More

rm Conseq

atabases of sev

storm events o

onal. This data

vents (includi

n Bangladesh.

and reports froRed Cross and d reports fromngladesh Disand Relief Emergency Evof Disasters (CJ.D. and Dewa

eshtornadoes.o

d reports from nd reports fromK. and Bhuiyaucing Tornadoazards ResearcColorado at Bouand reports frand reports fr

nty severe stor

ave reportedly

1989, also know

n the Manikga

th around 1,30

anied by hailst

cted 750,000 pe

ropical cyclone

at struck Mada

e details on the

quence

vere storms in

occurring in Ba

a was assembl

ng tornadoes)

Data was coll

om the BanglaRed Crescent

m the Disaster aster Managem

ents DatabaseCRED) an, A.M. (2004org/climo/btor

the Governmm the United an, R.H. (2004)o Forecasting ch and Appliculder rom the Uniterom the United

m events in B

y caused 1,000

wn as the Dau

anj District on

00 lives lost. T

torm and rain

eople. Most ev

es and floods.

aripur and Far

e 1989 and the

n Bangladesh a

angladesh has

led into a data

) which have h

lected and pro

adesh Red CreSocieties (IFRand Emergenc

ment Informati

e (EMDAT), m

4) “Tornados inrcli0.htm

ment of BangladNations Office) The April 20and Warning cations Inform

d Nations Depd Nations Dis

angladesh hav

0 or more lives

ulatpur–Saturi

April 26 and i

The most sever

on 7 and 8 Jan

vents are very

The most seve

ridpur on Apr

e 2004 tornado

Final Repo

are limited. As

s been collecte

abase and repr

had a significa

ocessed from a

escent Society RC) cy Response (Dion Center (DM

maintained by t

n Bangladesh

desh e for the Coor004 Tornado inSystems Qui

mation Center,

partment of Hsaster Relief O

ve resulted in

s lost, includin

ia tornado, wa

is considered o

re event in term

nuary 1993 in

y localized and

ere event in te

ril 1, 1977, with

o in Banglades


SF13-

s such, conseq

ed from a large

resents an inve

ant reported im

a large variety

(BDRCS) and

DER) Group SMIC), Ministry

the Centre for

and East Indi

rdination of Hu

n North‐Centrick Response RInstitute of Be

Humanitarian AOrganisation

100 or more re

ng the tornado

as an extremely

one of the dea

ms of people a

the northern r

d thus affect sm

erms of report

h a reported e

sh are presente


1049 FINAL REP 0

quence data fro

e variety of sou

entory of majo

mpact on

of sources,

the Internatio

Secretariat y of Disaster

Research on t

a”,

umanitarian Aral BangladeshResearch Repoehavioral Scien

Affairs

eported lives l

oes in 1964, 197

y destructive

adliest tornado

affected was

region of

maller amount

ted economic

stimated dam

ed in the next

er Risk A-8144)

79 051215

om

urces,

or

onal

the

Affairs h: A ort nce,

lost.

73,

os in

ts of

mage

D

5/12

3/19

4/12

4/11

4/14

1/4

4/29

4/12

4/17

4/10

4/11

5/9

4/1

4/2

4/16

4/12

4/17

4/14

4/26

1/12

3/28

4/12

5/13

3/26

4/21

5/4

4/14

3/21

3/4

3/22

Date Location

2/1951 Faridpur 9/1961 Faridpur, Dhak2/1964 Narail, Jessore1/1968 Madaripur, Farid4/1969 Dhaka, Comill

/1972 Mymensingh

9/1972 Barishal 2/1973 Baliakandi, Farid7/1973 Manikganj 0/1974 Faridpur 1/1974 Bogra /1976 Dhamgarh (near D/1977 Madaripur, Farid/1977 Gopalganj, Farid6/1978 Mymensingh

2/1981 Feni

7/1981 Kapundi, Erandi, DhRengalbeda

4/1986 Gopalganj, Piroj6/1989 Manikganj, Dhaka, T

2/1993 Bogra, Noagaon, SunSylhet, Tangail, Jam

8/1994 Mymensingh, Chitt

2/1995 Chittagong, Mada

Munshiganj, Dhaka, Co3/1996 Tangail, Jamalp

6/1999 Panchagarh 1/2000 Netrokona, Rang/2003 Brahmanbaria, Nay4/2004 Mymensingh

1/2005 Gaibandha, Rang/2006 Bagerhat, Khul2/2013 Brahmanbaria, Naogao

Table

Buildings Damaged/Destroye

ka e dpur a

dpur

haka) dpur pur

anbeni,

pur Tangail amganj,

malpur 10,000

tagong ripur, ox's Bazar 3,500

pur 36,420

gpur yabadi 5,145 gpur na 1,070 on, Natore 8,845

29. Notable Seve

ed Source Lives Lost

200 210 1,400 141 923 200 300 200 1,000

100 1 623 111 150 200

120

100 1,300

UNDHA 31

40

UNDHA 100

GOB 700 2 20 23

PAUL 111 79

BDRCS 4 DMIC 38

ere Storm Conse

Source People Injured

FINCH FINCH FINCH FINCH 1,045 FINCH 15,530 EMDAT FINCH FINCH FINCH

FINCH EMDAT PAUL PAUL PAUL FINCH

FINCH EMDAT FINCH

EMDAT EMDAT

UNDHA 1,600

FINCH 37,248 EMDAT 60 EMDAT 300 EMDAT PAUL 1,500 EMDAT 1,500 EMDAT 549 DMIC 414


quence Database


EMDAT 15,093 EMDAT 160,000

25,000

50,000

10,000

13,000 102,000

750,000

UNDHA 51,500

GOB 98,550 FINCH 100,000 OCHA 62,800

400 PAUL 13,000 DER 40,000

BDRCS 5,899 DMIC 35,930


SF13-1049 FINAL R

e

Source Estimated Damage

(Million USD)

0.25 EMDAT 1.5 EMDAT 8.329 EMDAT

EMDAT

0.201 EMDAT 50

EMDAT EMDAT 16.2

EMDAT 2.5

EMDAT GOB

EMDAT EMDAT EMDAT EMDAT DER

EMDAT DMIC 20


80 REP 051215

Source EMDAT DisNo

1951‐0036 N/A

EMDAT 1964‐0024 EMDAT 1968‐0040 EMDAT 1969‐0065

1972‐0026 N/A

1973‐0023 1973‐0125

N/A N/A

EMDAT 1976‐0133 EMDAT 1977‐0054

N/A N/A N/A

N/A

1986‐0050 EMDAT 1989‐0016

1993‐0001

EMDAT 1994‐0087

1995‐0051

1996‐0086 1999‐0115 2000‐0211 2003‐0211 2004‐0166 2005‐0130 2006‐0146

EMDAT 2013‐0085

3.4.3 S

3.4.3.1

The Daula

Banglades

killed arou

the cities o

and eventu

uprooted a

destroyed

miles long

(Cerveny,

3.4.3.2

On the eve

(Mymensi

and compl

formed aro

for about 2

tornado ha

discontinu

minutes at

tornado ex

Significant

The 1989 D

atpur–Saturia t

sh on April 26,

und 1,300 peop

of Daulatpur a

ually northeas

and almost ev

. The tornado

g. Approximat

2005; Finch an

The April 2

ening of April

ingh and Netro

letely destroyi

ound 6:30 p.m

25 miles, and b

ad a speed of

uously, in a sk

t any given loc

xperienced an

and Recen

Daulatpur–

tornado was a

, 1989. There is

ple, which wo

and Saturia the

st and into Sat

very dwelling w

was estimated

tely 80,000 peo

nd Dewan, 200

2004 Torna

l 14, 2004, a de

okona) of Ban

ing 3,400 hom

m. near Haluag

broke up at 7:3

100 miles per

ipping manne

cation. Based o

average loss o

nt Severe S

–Saturia To

an extremely d

s great uncerta

ould make it th

e most (includ

turia. Damage

within a six sq

d to be approx

ople were left h

04)

ado in Nor

evastating torn

ngladesh, killin

mes. According

ghat Upazilla i

30 p.m. near N

hour with an

er, over rural a

on survey dat

of 60,000 BDT

Storm Eve

ornado

destructive tor

ainty about th

he deadliest to

ding poor area

was extensive

quare kilomete

ximately one m

homeless by th

rth-Central

nado swept ov

ng at least 111

g to the Meteor

in the Mymen

Netrokona Sad

average width

areas of north‐

a after the eve

(about 1,000 U

Final Repo

nts

rnado that occu

he death toll, b

ornado in glob

as and slums),

e over the area

er area of the t

mile wide, and

he storm, and

Banglade

ver 38 villages

people, seriou

rological Depa

nsingh district,

dar Upazilla in

h of about half

‐central Bangla

ent, responden

USD). (Paul an


SF13-

urred in the M

but estimates in

bal history. The

moving east t

a, as countless

tornado’s path

d had a path th

d 12,000 people

esh

in two north‐

usly injuring m

artment in Dh

, moved in a so

n the Netrokon

f a mile. It trav

adesh, lasting

nt households

nd Bhuiyan, 20


1049 FINAL REP 0

Manikganj Dist

ndicate that it

e tornado affe

through Daula

s trees were

h was complet

hat was about

e were injured

‐central distric

more than 1,50

haka, the torna

outheast direc

na district. Thi

veled

g no more than

affected by th

004)

er Risk A-8144)

81 051215

trict,

t

ected

atpur

tely

50

d.

cts

00,

ado

ction

is

n five

he

3.5 Ot

Other thanhazards. OTable 30 lireported e

Y

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

T

her Natura

n tropical cycloOf these, drougists the reporteeconomic cons

Table 30. Co

Year Number oEvents

1974 1 1979 1 1983 1 1989 1 1990 1991 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2007 2008 2009 1 2010 2011 2012 Total 5

al Perils

one, flood, earght, extreme teed consequencsequence from

onsequence D

Drought of Lives

Lost P

Af

18 2

20,0

5,0

18 25,0

rthquake, andemperature, ace from these p

m EMDAT is no

Database of D

(Sou

eople

ffected Numb

Even

2,000 000,000

000,000 2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

1

002,000 22

severe storm,

nd landslides perils as reporot available fo

Drought, Extre

urce: EMDAT)

Extreme Tempera

ber ofnts

Lives

Lost

2 170

2 117

1 182

1 29

1 120

1 200

1 33

1 120

1 49

1 6

1 700

2 215

2 100

1 130

1 135

2 62

1 72

2 2,440

Final Repo

, Bangladesh iare among thrted by the EMr any of these

eme Tempera

)

ature

People

Affected Nu

E

34,000

2,000

50,000

200

1,000

100,000

50,000

102,000

75,000

414,200


SF13-

is exposed to ohe most signifiMDAT databasevents.

ature, and La

Landslid

umber ofEvents

Lives Lost

1 13

1 66 1 17

3 96


1049 FINAL REP 0

other natural cantly reportese; note that

ndslides

e People

Affected

50

55,230

55,280

er Risk A-8144)

82 051215

ed.

4 Eco

This sectiohazards) thextracted fresearch operformed

Banglades

later sectio

4.1 T

The report

zoomed‐in

tropical cy

Bengal and

events rea

strength (p

this period

listed in T

assessmen

data. Note

storms tha

economic

metrics. Fo

formula:

Where:

α = a facto

β = a facto

C = the ave

This appro

Needs Ass

Banglades

based on t

onomic

on presents a dhat occurred ifrom the histof disaster repod primarily to sh and provideon.

Tropical Cy

ted tropical cy

n view over Ba

yclone databas

d 14 of these m

ched hurrican

peak sustained

d are shown in

able 32. The p

nt of available

e that only 9 of

at did not mak

loss per event

or example, th

r that account

r that account

erage replacem

oach is based o

sessment for D

sh. Based on th

taking 30 perce

Impact

detailed assessin Bangladesh orical informat

orts and publidetermine a ce input to the f

yclone

yclone activity

angladesh is sh

se previously d

made landfall

ne strength (pe

d winds of 34

n Table 31. Pre

referred data

information. F

f the 14 landfa

ke direct landf

t. When report

he total econom

ts for the total

s for the relati

ment cost of a

on information

Disaster Recov

his report, the

ent of the estim

of Majo

sment of majo

from 2000 to tion and consecally availableomprehensive

funding gap a

y in the Bay of

hown in Figur

discussed. Ov

in Bangladesh

eak sustained w

knots or great

eferred conseq

is considered

For example, g

alling storms h

all were repor

ted losses are n

mic loss is infe

∗ ∗economic loss

ive loss due to

dwelling

n presented in

very and Recon

average repla

mated average

r Disast

r disaster eventhe end of 201equence databe publications.e view of the eanalysis. The fu

Bengal from 2

re 40. Track in

erall, 96 tropic

h over these 14

winds of 64 kn

ter). The summ

quence data of

the most relia

government re

have associated

rted to cause d

not available,

erred from rep

_s relative to th

o partially dam

n the “Cyclone

nstruction” rep

acement cost o

e cost of a Sem

Final Repo

ters Sinc

nts (in particu13. Information

ases described. A detailed aseconomic impa

funding gap an

2000 to end of

nformation is e

cal cyclone ev

4 years. Of the

nots or greater

mary of the ev

f significant ev

able based on t

eports are typi

d reported con

damage. Table

loss estimates

ported dwellin

∗he loss from dw

maged dwellin

e Sidr in Bangl

port prepared

of a typical dw

mi‐Pucca dwel


SF13-

ce 2000

ular, suddenly n from recent d above, alongssessment of ract of recent dnalysis will be

2013 is shown

extracted from

ents occurred

ese 14 landfalli

r), and ten rea

vents that mad

vents during th

the data sourc

ically selected

nsequence dat

e 32 includes e

s are inferred f

ng damage usi

_welling damag

ngs

ladesh ‐ Dama

d by the Gover

welling is estim

lling (at 100,00


1049 FINAL REP 0

onset natural events was g with further recent events idisaster eventse discussed in

n in Figure 39

m the historical

in the Bay of

ing events, thr

ached tropical

de landfall dur

his time period

ce and an

d as the preferr

ta. In addition

estimates of the

from other rep

ing the followi

ge

age, Loss and

rnment of

mated at 44,000

00 BDT) and 70

er Risk A-8144)

83 051215

s s in a

and a

l

ree

storm

ring

d are

red

n, two

e total

ported

ing

0 BDT,

0

percent of

were estim

damage (4

(115,569 m

reported v

For this eq

Table 31

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Table

IBTrACS ID

2000300N14093

2002314N12083

2003206N21089

2004136N15090

2007133N15091

2007314N10093

2008298N16085

2009104N13088

2009143N17089

2012285N21091

N/A

the estimated

mated at appro

46,332 million

million BDT). T

values are not quation, a curr

1. Reported T

IBTrACS ID

2000300N14093 2002314N12083 2004281N23087 2007133N15091 2007314N10093 2008168N21090 2008298N16085 2009104N13088 2009143N17089 2010280N18085 2011167N22089 2011290N15090 2012285N21091

N/A

e 32. Detailed

Year Name

3 2000 NOT NAM3 2002 NOT NAM9 2003 NOT NAM0 2004 NOT NAM1 2007 AKASH

3 2007 SIDR 5 2008 RASHM

8 2009 BIJLI 9 2009 AILA 1 2012 NOT NAM

2013 MAHASE

d average cost

oximately 50 p

BDT) is about

Thus, the equa

available, is: 2. ∗ ,rency conversi

Tropical Cyclo

Year Start Dat

2000 October 22002 November 2004 October 02007 May 13 2007 November 2008 June 162008 October 22009 April 142009 May 22 2010 October 02011 June 162011 October 12012 October 12013 May 09

Consequenc

Dwellings Damaged So

ED 3,000 B

ED 1,000 B

ED 67,727 M

ED 18,438 M

845 I

957,110 G

I 12,404 D

5,991 D

369,702 D

ED 16,330 D

EN 114,396 D

of a Kutcha d

percent of the t

t 40% of the to

ation adopted t

000 ∗ion of 69 BDT

one Events M

te Duration (Days)

25 2.75 09 3 07 1.25

2.25 10 6

2.25 24 3.25 4.25

3.75 07 1.75

6.75 17 3 10 1

7

ce Data of Sig

ource Dwellings Destroyed

BMD BMD DMR 4,980 DMR 19,535 FRC 205 GOB 564,967 DMIC 4,360 DMIC 1,460 DMIC 242,882 DMIC 8,050 DMIC 21,736

welling (at 20,

total cost. Furt

otal estimated i

to infer the eco

_per USD is us

Making Landfa

Name S

W

NOT NAMED NOT NAMED NOT NAMED

AKASH SIDR

NOT NAMED RASHMI BIJLI AILA

NOT NAMED NOT NAMED

TWO NOT NAMED MAHASEN

gnificant Trop

Source People Affected 15,000 5,000

MDMR 312,817 MDMR 116,269 IFRC 80,000 GOB 8,923,259 DMIC 321,839 DMIC 92,558 DMIC 4,826,630 DMIC 133,688 DMIC 1,328,237

Final Repo

,000 BDT). Co

thermore, the

impact (dama

onomic impac

0. ∗sed as per the

all in Banglad

Peak Sustained Wind Speed

(knots) 35 Tr

55 Tr

25 Trop

65 140 25 Trop

45 Tr

50 Tr

65 25 Trop

35 Tr

35 Tr

30 Trop

45 Tr

pical Cyclone

Source Life Loss

INFERRED 253 INFERRED 182 MDMR 11 MDMR 89 RSOE 3 GOB 4,407 DMIC 13 DMIC 5 DMIC 190 DMIC 108 DMIC 17


SF13-

osts for partiall

estimated cos

age and losses)

ct due to tropi

_Sidr report.

desh from 200

Strength

ropical Storm ropical Storm pical Depression Hurricane Hurricane

pical Depression ropical Storm ropical Storm Hurricane

pical Depression ropical Storm ropical Storm pical Depression ropical Storm J

es from 2000 t

Source Econ

(m

BMD BMD MDMR MDMR IFRC GOB DMIC DMIC DMIC DMIC DMIC


1049 FINAL REP 0

ly damaged h

st of housing

) of the event

ical cyclones, w

00 to End of 2

Agency Source

jtwc_io jtwc_io newdelhi jtwc_io jtwc_io newdelhi jtwc_io jtwc_io jtwc_io newdelhi newdelhi jtwc_io newdelhi

JTWC_2013_BT

to End of 201

nomic Impact million USD) Sou

2 INFER

1 INFER

62 INFER

46 INFER

1 INFER

1,675 GO

17 INFER

7 INFER

1,149 GO

26 INFER

276 GOB + IN

er Risk A-8144)

84 051215

ouses

when

2013

13

urce

RRED RRED RRED RRED RRED OB RRED RRED OB RRED NFERRED

Figu

ure 39. Reporrted Tropical

Cyclone Acti

ivity in the Ba

Final Repo

ay of Bengal


SF13-

from 2000 to


1049 FINAL REP 0

End of 2013

er Risk A-8144)

85 051215

Figure 40. Reported Tro

opical Cyclon

ne near Bangl

Final Repo

ladesh from 2


SF13-

2000 to End o


1049 FINAL REP 0

of 2013

er Risk A-8144)

86 051215

4.2 F

The report

year exper

percent of

is shown i

Table 34 a

economic

from other

using the f

Where:

α = a facto

β = a facto

C = the ave

As with th

the “Cyclo

Reconstru

typical dw

total estim

adopted to

For this eq

damage is

it is assum

Flood

ted flood affec

rienced some l

the country re

n Table 33. Pr

and includes p

impact caused

r reported met

following form

r that account

r that account

erage replacem

he tropical cycl

one Sidr in Ban

ction” report p

welling is estim

mated loss of th

o infer the ecoquation, a curr

not available,

med that an eve

cted area in Ba

level of floodin

eported as bei

eferred conseq

preferred value

d by floods eac

trics. For exam

mula: ts for the total

s for the relati

ment cost of a

lone peril (dis

ngladesh ‐ Dam

prepared by th

mated at 44,000

he event based

nomic loss du .0 ∗ ,rency conversi

, the event los

ent causes 100

angladesh from

ng; 2004 and 2

ing affected, re

quence data is

es of the numb

ch year. When

mple, the total

∗ ∗economic loss

ive loss due to

dwelling

scussed previo

mage, Loss an

he Governmen

0 BDT, but the

d on damage r

ue to floods, w000 ∗ion of 69 BDT

s is inferred fr

0 USD in dama

m 2000 to end

2007 were part

espectively. A

s listed in

ber of people a

n reported loss

economic loss

_s relative to th

o partially dam

ously), this app

nd Needs Asse

nt of Banglade

e estimated cos

eports from th

hen reported v_per USD is us

rom the numb

age per affecte

Final Repo

of 2013 is sho

ticularly flood

A summary of c

affected and li

ses are not ava

s is inferred fr

∗he loss from dw

maged dwellin

proach is base

essment for Di

esh. Again, the

st of housing d

he 1998 and 20

values are not0. ∗sed as per the

ber of affected

ed person.


SF13-

own in Table 3

d heavy years,

consequence d

ives lost, as we

ailable, loss es

rom reported d

_welling damag

ngs

ed on informat

isaster Recove

e average repl

damage is tak

004 floods. Thu

t available, is _Sidr report. If

people. Based


1049 FINAL REP 0

3. Overall, eve

with 38 and 4

data from each

ell as the total

timates are in

dwelling dam

ge

tion presented

ery and

lacement cost

ken as 25% of t

us, the equatio

f reported buil

d on reported d

er Risk A-8144)

87 051215

ery

42

h year

l

ferred

age

d in

of a

the

on

lding

data,

Y

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Year

Percent Country Affected (BWDB)

Num

Of E

2000 24 2001 2.8 2002 10 2003 14 2004 38 2005 12 2006 11 2007 42

2008 23

2009 19 2010 18

2011 20

2012 12 2013 10.6

EMDAT

mber vents

Lives Lost

People Affected

3 43 2,667,138 2 9 700,000 1 10 1,500,000 2 252 550,000 3 761 36,871,500 3 55 1,150,000 2 211,775 2 1230 13,851,380

2 28 600,000

2 16 500,000 2 15 575,000

1 10 1,570,559

2 139 5,398,475

Table 33. Co

Loss (million USD)

Number Of Events

500 4 3 4 2

2,200 3 4 3

114 2

2

1 4

2

1

Table 34. Prefe

Year

Percent

Country Affected (BWDB)

A

2000 24 3,

2001 2.8 7

2002 10 7,

2003 14 7,

2004 38 40

2005 12 1,

2006 11 2

2007 42 10

2008 23 9

2009 19 5

2010 18 1,

2011 20 1,

2012 12 5,

2013 10.6 4

onsequence Datab

Dartmouth

Lives Lost

People Affected

Lo

(mi

US

81 1,030,000 19 251,200 161 6,020,000 230 3,520,000 910 30,321,500 7,0

60 1,220,000 105 200,000 1197 5,080,000 3

615,000

6 119 1,240,000

53 710,000

106 102,000

rred Consequenc

People Affected Sou

,244,576 MD

700,000 EM

,608,837 MD

,874,465 MD

0,955,375 MD

,220,000 D

211,775 EM

0,655,564 MD

975,096 DM

500,000 EM

,240,000 D

,853,000 DM

,398,475 Disaster R415,250 DDM Rep

base of Floods fr

oss llion SD)

Dwellings Destroyed

Dwellin

Damag

437,050 309,77

115,511 564,52

109,147 541,98

000 969,161 3,602,0

92 65,522 919,57

ce Data of Floods

urce Life Loss

DMR 37

DAT 19

DMR 26

DMR 104

DMR 765

FO 60

DAT 105

DMR 594

MIC 28

DAT 16

FO 119

MIC 53

eport 2012 139

port 2013


rom 2000 to End

MDMR

ngs ed

Lives Lost

People Affected

75 37 3,244,576

27 26 7,608,837 88 104 7,874,465 009 765 40,955,375

75 594 10,655,564

s from 2000 to En

Source Economic

Impact

(million US

MDMR 500

DFO 70

MDMR 1,015

MDMR 970

MDMR 2,280

DFO 122

DFO 21

MDMR 1,067

EMDAT 126

EMDAT 50

DFO 124

DFO 185

EMDAT 573

42


SF13-1049 FINAL R

of 2013

Dwellings Damaged/Destroyed

Lives Lost

4,000,000 747

1,000,000 1,100

75,565/11,488 7

142,027/41,594 2

272,792/88,070 13

nd of 2013

c

D) Source

EMDAT

INFERRED

INFERRED

INFERRED

WB2004

INFERRED

INFERRED

GOB

INFERRED

INFERRED

INFERRED

INFERRED

INFERRED

INFERRED


88 REP 051215

Literature

People Affected

Loss (million USD)

36,000,000 2,280

14,000,000 1,067

975,096

1,853,000 5,148,475 415,250

Source

World Bank; ADB

World Bank; CDMP DMIC, DMB

WED‐17‐SEP‐2008:1430

DMIC, DMB WED‐07‐SEP‐2011:1630 Disaster Report 2012 DDM Report 2013

4.3 E

The report

is extracte

4.0 or grea

were Mw 5

of significa

and the to

estimates a

Table 35

Earthquake

ted seismicity

d from the his

ater have been

5.0 or greater. T

ant events are

tal economic i

and judgment

5. Number of R

e

in the vicinity

storical earthq

n reported with

The statistics o

listed in Table

impact per eve

t based on oth

Reported Eve

y of Banglades

uake database

hin 50 km of B

of the reported

e 36. The Tabl

ent. In general

er reported m

ents in the Hi

Mw B

Ma

4.0-4.5

4.5-5.0

5.0-5.5

5.5-6.0

Total

sh from 2000 to

e previously d

Bangladesh’s b

d number of e

le includes infe

l, these inferre

metrics.

storical Earth

Within 50kmBangladesh Bo

(2000-2013

ainshock

20

18

4

3

45

Final Repo

o end of 2013

discussed. Ove

borders over th

events is show

erred values o

ed values are b

hquake Datab

m of orders 3)

Total

131

51

10

3

195


SF13-

is shown in Fi

erall, 195 earth

hese 14 years;

wn in Table 35.

of the number

based on uppe

base from 200


1049 FINAL REP 0

igure 41. This

hquake events

13 events of w

Consequence

of people affe

er bound repo

00 to End of 2

er Risk A-8144)

89 051215

data

Mw

which

e data

ected

rted

2013

Figuree 41. Reporte

d Seismicity

in Banglades

Final Repo

sh from 2000


SF13-

to End of 201


1049 FINAL REP 0

13

er Risk A-8144)

90 051215

Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2008 2010 2011

Table

Day Latitude

3‐Jan 22.223 19‐Dec 23.632 20‐Jun 25.998 26‐Jul 22.867 26‐Dec 3.295 14‐Feb 27.382 7‐Nov 22.15 12‐Jan 22.823 26‐Jul 24.827 10‐Sep 23.4743 18‐Sep 27.73

e 36. Consequen

Longitude Mw Dama

92.821 4.8 90.376 4.9 88.931 4.9 92.238 5.6 95.982 9.0 88.388 5.3 92.388 5.5 92.291 4.9 90.451 5.1 90.6689 5.1 88.155 6.9

nce Database of S

Dwellings aged/Destroyed Source

100 NGDC

SOME NGDC

SOME NGDC

500 NGDC

FEW RSOE

SOME NGDC

FEW BDNEWS

Significant Earthq

e People Affected Inferred

People

Injured

C 500 C 500 100 C 500 55 C 2500 32

0 500 11 250 10

C 500 500 25 500

S24 250 1


quakes from 2000

Source Life Loss

NGDC 0 NGDC 0 MARTIN 3

2 MARTIN NGDC 0

USGS 0

BDNEWS24


SF13-1049 FINAL R

0 to End of 2013

Source Damage

LIMITED UTSU LIMITED UTSU LIMITED

MARTIN MODERATE USGS

LIMITED UTSU LIMITED

LIMITED UTSU LIMITED

LIMITED LIMITED


91 REP 051215

Source

Inferred Economic Impact

(million USD) NGDC 1 NGDC 1 NGDC 1 NGDC 5

0 USGS 1 NGDC 1 NGDC 1 UTSU 1 NGDC 1 USGS 1

4.4 S

Significant

reported e

estimate. F

per affecte

reported p

indices suc

Severe Stor

t severe storm

events during

For the rest of

ed person. Thi

people affected

ch as life loss.

Tabl

E

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

rm

m events report

this time span

the events, los

s assumption

d (four events)

e 37. Severe

EMDAT DisNo Da

000‐0146 5/3/2

000‐0211 21/04

000‐0229 11/4/

000‐0283 27/05

000‐0294 23/05

000‐0631 25/06

001‐0198 11/5/

001‐0202 1/4/2

001‐0273 28/04

001‐0563 5/10/

002‐0211 25/03

002‐0233 22/04

002‐0425 14/07

003‐0190 16/04

003‐0211 4/5/2

003‐0779 20/12

004‐0166 14/04

004‐0286 12/6/

004‐0678 13/05

004‐0679 17/07

005‐0130 20/03

005‐0190 31/03

005‐0259 21/05

005‐0273 14/05

005‐0282 6/5/2

005‐0391 30/06

006‐0146 4/3/2

006‐0737 5/4/2

006‐0738 8/4/2

006‐0739 22/04

008‐0644 22/03

010‐0171 13/04

010‐0205 17/04

010‐0686 1/5/2

011‐0591 4/4/2

012‐0082 6/4/2

013‐0085 22/03

013‐0090 29/03

ted by EMDAT

n, only one eve

sses are inferr

is based on in

), a value of 10

Storm Conse

ate People A

2000 3,05

4/2000 62,8

/2000 7,01

/2000 71,0

/2000 10,000 (a6/2000 2,53

/2001 20

2001 2,50

4/2001 60

/2001 25,4

/2002 1,00

4/2002 100,4

7/2002 10,000 (a4/2003 20

2003 40

/2003 10,000 (a4/2004 13,0

/2004 50

/2004 4,05

7/2004 1,10

/2005 11,5

/2005 10,5

/2005 6

/2005 10

2005 1,50

6/2005 10,000 (a2006 5,89

2006 1,46

2006 1,50

4/2006 15

/2008 20

4/2010 247,1

4/2010 10,0

2010 50

2011 12

2012 55,1

/2013 8,54

/2013 25,0

T from 2000 to

ent (on March

ed by assumin

nformation fro

0,000 people a

equence Data

Affected Life L

50 800 20

12 000 36

ssumed) 28

37 00 12

00 193

00 21

450 12

00 32

400 31

ssumed) 10

0 9

00 23

ssumed) 28

000 76

0 153

50 10

00 500 79

500 24

6 10

00 2

00 11

ssumed) 35

99 4

65 9

00 22

0 4

00 12

110 8

000 3

0 15

1 13

121 25

43 31

020 2

Final Repo

o end of 2013 i

22, 2013) had

ng that the tot

m past report

affected is assu

a from 2000 to

Lost Inferred E(mi

0

6 8

2 3 1 2 2 1 0

3 8 6 3 0

9 4 0

1 5

2

2

5 3 5 1 20.0


SF13-

is shown in Ta

a reported ec

tal economic im

ted events. For

umed, primari

o End of 2013

Economic Impact llion USD) 1.5 31.4 3.5 35.5 5.0 1.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 12.7 0.5 50.2 5.0 0.0 0.2 5.0 6.5 0.0 2.0 0.6 5.8 5.3 0.0 0.1 0.8 5.0 2.9 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 123.6 5.0 0.0 0.1 27.6

0 (reported) 12.5


1049 FINAL REP 0

able 37. Of the

conomic loss

mpact is 500 U

r events witho

ly based on ot

3

er Risk A-8144)

92 051215

e 38

USD

out

ther

4.5 S

In general,

that occurr

Reports fo

only 16 oth

drought ev

and affecte

cyclones “

In total, sig

to have aff

8,351 lives

tropical cy

people affe

people affe

cyclones. A

frequently

this time p

The major

economic

years. The

Year 2006

about 220,

million US

Summary

, the majority

red from 2000

or other sudde

her significant

vent). Of these

ed 55,230. A su

“TC”, severe st

gnificant sudd

fected 99.7 mil

s lost, and caus

yclones have a

ected, floods c

ected during t

Although the i

y and have con

period.

r disaster years

impact, about

ese years were

was the least

,000 people aff

SD in losses, 7

of major disas

0 to end to 2013

nly onset natu

t events for thi

e, the landslid

ummary of th

torms “SS”, an

denly onset na

llion people (n

sed 10.8 billion

affected Bangla

contribute to th

this time perio

impact of seve

ntributed to ab

s during 2000

t 20 million or

characterized

significant in t

fected. Major d

.1 million peo

ster events (in

3 have been fl

ural hazards h

is time period

es in 2010 are

e estimated co

nd earthquake

atural hazard e

note that the sa

n USD in econ

adesh more th

he majority of

od are due to f

ere storms is le

bout 12% of th

to 2013 are 20

more people a

d by catastroph

terms of major

disasters in Ba

ple affected, a

particular, su

loods, tropical

have been mino

(12 extreme t

among the mo

onsequence fro

es “EQ”) is list

events in Bang

ame people m

nomic impact (

han the other p

f the conseque

floods. The ma

ess than tropic

he total life loss

07 and 2004, w

affected, and o

hic floods in 20

r disasters, wi

angladesh dur

and 600 lives lo

Final Repo

uddenly onset

l cyclones, sev

or. For examp

temperature ev

ost notable, w

om the main p

ted in Figure 4

gladesh from 2

may be affected

(damage and l

perils by far. In

ence; 66% of ec

ajority of life lo

cal cyclone an

s. No major ea

with over two

over 1,000 live

004 and 2007,

ith less than 30

ring 2000 to 20

ost on average


SF13-

natural hazar

vere storms, an

ple, the EMDA

vents, 3 landsl

which reported

perils (floods “

42 to Figure 44

2000 to end of

d one or more

losses to all se

n terms of econ

conomic impa

oss (63%) is du

nd flood, sever

arthquake has

billion USD in

es lost during

and 2007 trop

0 million USD

013 have result

e per year.


1049 FINAL REP 0

rds) in Banglad

nd earthquake

AT database re

lide events, an

dly killed 66 pe

“FL”, tropical

4 and Table 37

2013 are estim

times), resulte

ectors). Floods

nomic impact

act and 83% of

ue to tropical

re storms occu

s happened du

n estimated

each of these t

pical cyclone S

D in damages a

ted in about 7

er Risk A-8144)

93 051215

desh

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ports

nd 1

eople

7.

mated

ed in

s and

t and

f

ur

uring

two

Sidr.

and

771

Figure

Figure

Economic

Impact

(M USD)

People

Affected

(Million)

42. Estimated

e 43. Estimate

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2000

2001

p(

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2000

2001

2002

p(

)

d Economic I

ed People Aff

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Y

2003

2004

2005

2006

Ye

Impact from S

fected from S

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

2007

2008

2009

2010

ear

Significant Di

Significant Dis

2011

2012

2013

2011

2012

2013

Final Repo

isasters in Ba

sasters in Ba

SS

EQ

TC

FL

3

Eco

SS

EQ

TC

FL

Peo


SF13-

angladesh fro

angladesh fro

30%

0% 4%

onomic Impact 10,795 Million

16%

0% 1%

ople Affected 299.7 Millio


1049 FINAL REP 0

om 2000 to 20

om 2000 to 20

66%

2000‐2013n USD

83%

2000‐2013on

er Risk A-8144)

94 051215

013

13

Fig

Life

Loss

gure 44. Estim

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2000

2001

mated Life Lo

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Y

ss from Sign

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Year

ificant Disast2011

2012

2013

Final Repo

ters in Bangla

SS

EQ

TC

FL

0%


SF13-

adesh from 2

63%

%12%

Life Loss 20008.4 Thousa


1049 FINAL REP 0

2000 to 2013

25%

0‐2013and

er Risk A-8144)

95 051215

Year E

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total

Flood Economic Impact (million USD)

Pe

Affe

500 3,24

70 700

1,015 7,60

970 7,87

2,280 40,95

122 1,22

21 211

1,067 10,65

126 975

50 500

124 1,24

185 1,85

573 5,39

42 415

7,145 82,85

Tab

ople ected

Life Loss

Econ

(m

44,576 37 0,000 19 08,837 26 74,465 104 55,375 765 20,000 60 1,775 105 55,564 594 5,096 28 0,000 16 40,000 119 53,000 53 98,475 139 5,250 52,413 2,065

ble 38. Estimated

Tropical Cycloneomic Impact

illion USD) People

Affected

2 15,000

1 5,000

62 312,817

46 116,269

1,676 9,003,25

17 321,839

1,156 4,919,18

26 133,688

276 1,328,23

3,262 16,155,29

Disaster Conseq

e d

Life Loss

Economi

(millio

253 1

1

182 1

7 11 5

9 89 1

59 4,410 1

9 13 2

88 195 1

1

8 108 37 17 97 5,278 1

quence in Bangla

Earthquake ic Impact

n USD) People Affected

1 500 1 500 1 500 5 2,500 1 500 1 250 2 1,000 1 500 1 250 14 6,500


adesh from 2000

Life Loss

Economic Im(million US

78 14 56 3 5 2 9 17 5 0 129 0 28 33 5 374


SF13-1049 FINAL R

to End of 2013

Severe Storm mpact SD)

People Affected

Life

Los

156,399 84

28,750 238

111,400 73

10,420 60

18,200 239

33,606 161

9,014 39

200 12

257,160 26

121 13

55,121 25

33,563 33

713,954 1,00


96 REP 051215

e ss

Economic Impact

(million USD) 4 581 8 85 3 1,073 0 1,042 9 2,335 1 139 9 27

2,744 2 145

1,206 6 254 3 186 5 627 3 351 03 10,795

Total People Affected

Life Loss

3,416,475 374 729,250 257 7,725,737 281 8,200,202 178 41,089,844 1,095 1,253,606 221 221,289 144

19,659,073 5,004 1,298,135 53 5,419,188 211 1,497,660 145 1,853,371 66 5,587,284 272 1,777,050 50 99,728,164 8,351

5 Pro

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1049 FINAL REP 0

atastrophe risk

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SF13-

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1049 FINAL REP 0

able risk mode

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1049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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um

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ng down‐slop

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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ww.worldpop.

eral input GIS

d places, amon

n. This dataset

n database des

t matches the

d to an approx

oject and is pl

is quality assura

l government opulation is esestimate (149.8sh is the most s about 1,130 p2 in Bandarbanout 8% of the cor each Districarea values prulated from des obtained from

lation database

Bangladesh. T

org.uk/). Worl

datasets, inclu

ng several othe

was QA/QCed

scribed in the

value from th

imate one kilo

otted in Figur

ance and quality

census, the postimated at 1578 million as of densely populpeople per kmn to 9,000 peopcountry’s total ct Level. Figurrovided in the efined polygonm other source

e that is availa

The gridded po

ldPop spatial

uding land cov

ers. The World

d13 (e.g., errors

sections above

he population d

ometer grid. T

e 52.

control

opulation of B7.7 million peoMarch 15, 201lated large cou

m2, but can varyple per km2 inpopulation. T

re 51 plots the database, wh

n area of the Ges, such as tho

able on the Sub

opulation data

datasets are d

ver, nighttime

dPop dataset is

s were identifi

e. Therefore, t

database. The

The gridded po

Final Repo

angladesh in 2ople, based on11) and yearlyuntry in the wy quite signifin Dhaka. DhakTable 40 lists thestimated 201

hich are used toGIS shapefiles.ose from more

bdistrict Leve

aset was deriv

developed on r

e lights, roads

s available for

ied and correc

the total gridd

final gridded

opulation data


SF13-

2011 was 144.0n the official poy country‐wide

world. The avecantly by Distka is the most phe estimated 214 population o determine th. As such, the e detailed stud

el, a gridded p

ved primarily f

regression‐bas

data, urban ex

r Bangladesh a

cted) and calib

ded population

d population d

aset for Bangla


11049 FINAL REP 0

0 million peopost‐census e growth rate rage populatiotrict, ranging fpopulated Dis2014 populatioby Subdistricthe population actual land ar

dies.

opulation data

from WorldPo

sed methodolo

xtents, and

at a 100 meter

brated with the

n within each

ataset was

adesh develop

er Risk A-8144)

108 051215

ple.

of on from strict on t. rea

aset

op

ogies

e

ped

D

B

Ba

B

Bra

C

Chapa

Ch

Ch

C

Co

D

F

Ga

G

G

H

J

J

J

Jh

Jo

Kha

Kis

K

K

La

La

M

M

M

Ma

M

Mu

My

N

Na

N

N

Ni

N

Pa

Pa

P

R

Ra

R

S

S

S

S

Su

T

Th

Table 40. Su

District

Bagerhat

andarban C

Barguna

Barisal

Bhola

Bogra

hmanbaria C

Chandpur C

ai Nawabganj

hittagong C

huadanga

Comilla C

ox's Bazar C

Dhaka

Dinajpur

Faridpur

Feni C

aibandha

Gazipur

Gopalganj

Habiganj

amalpur

Jessore

Jhalokati

henaidah

oypurhat

agrachhari C

Khulna

shoreganj

Kurigram

Kushtia

akshmipur C

almonirhat

Madaripur

Magura

Manikganj

aulvibazar

Meherpur

unshiganj

ymensingh

Naogaon

Narail

rayanganj

Narsingdi

Natore

etrokona

ilphamari

Noakhali C

Pabna

anchagarh

atuakhali

Pirojpur

Rajbari

Rajshahi

angamati C

Rangpur

Satkhira

hariatpur

Sherpur

Sirajganj

unamganj

Sylhet

Tangail

hakurgaon

Bangladesh Tot

ummary of the

Division Est

Khulna

Chittagong

Barisal

Barisal

Barisal

Rajshahi

Chittagong

Chittagong

Rajshahi

Chittagong

Khulna

Chittagong

Chittagong

Dhaka

Rangpur

Dhaka

Chittagong

Rangpur

Dhaka

Dhaka

Sylhet

Dhaka

Khulna

Barisal

Khulna

Rajshahi

Chittagong

Khulna

Dhaka

Rangpur

Khulna

Chittagong

Rangpur

Dhaka

Khulna

Dhaka

Sylhet

Khulna

Dhaka

Dhaka

Rajshahi

Khulna

Dhaka

Dhaka

Rajshahi

Dhaka

Rangpur

Chittagong

Rajshahi

Rangpur

Barisal

Barisal

Dhaka

Rajshahi

Chittagong

Rangpur

Khulna

Dhaka

Dhaka

Rajshahi

Sylhet

Sylhet

Dhaka

Rangpur

tal

e Population

timated 2014 Popu

1,616,058

425,157

977,437

2,544,711

1,945,276

3,723,355

3,109,843

2,645,114

1,803,745

8,338,559

1,236,072

5,898,128

2,507,134

13,186,030

3,273,662

2,094,363

1,573,668

2,604,865

3,726,682

1,283,587

2,287,088

2,510,073

3,026,690

747,403

1,939,266

1,000,414

672,131

2,538,379

3,188,026

2,265,488

2,131,445

1,893,157

1,375,207

1,276,512

1,005,507

1,524,945

2,101,034

717,539

1,582,742

5,594,846

2,846,713

790,099

3,227,777

2,435,922

1,868,505

2,441,065

2,008,160

3,402,803

2,762,434

1,081,296

1,681,489

1,218,820

1,149,322

2,841,281

652,491

3,154,279

2,174,274

1,265,423

1,487,127

3,391,204

2,701,990

3,759,828

3,946,928

1,521,851

157,702,419

Final Repo

Database by

ulation Approx


SF13-

y District

ximate Area (km2)

3,671

4,598

1,304

2,233

2,007

2,922

1,917

1,596

1,684

4,476

1,142

3,095

2,161

1,468

3,453

2,034

904

2,170

1,764

1,467

2,584

2,059

2,585

715

1,966

967

2,885

3,584

2,559

2,250

1,664

1,236

1,229

1,150

1,045

1,395

2,697

717

946

4,338

3,427

982

758

1,165

1,906

2,811

1,650

2,732

2,395

1,400

2,460

1,207

1,139

2,438

5,759

2,310

3,354

1,215

1,320

2,499

3,681

3,420

3,362

1,810

139,832


11049 FINAL REP 0

)

er Risk A-8144)

109 051215

Figure 51

1. Estimated 2

2014 Populat

Final Repo

ion by Subdi


SF13-

strict


11049 FINAL REP 0

er Risk A-8144)

110 051215

Figu

re 52. Gridde

ed Population

Final Repo

n of Banglade


SF13-

esh


11049 FINAL REP 0

er Risk A-8144)

111 051215

5.5.2 D

The expos

outlined in

papers. In

associated

modeling

(specifical

replaceme

pertaining

is used in

Figu

5.5.3 D

A wide va

data on ris

data and o

various re

exposure d

Risks and

Bangl

2011 P

Popul

Developing

ure database o

n Figure 53, us

nformation obt

d statistics (e.g

within Bangla

ly 30 arc‐secon

ent values for a

g to the physic

conjunction w

ure 53. Gener

Data Sourc

ariety of data s

sk counts, buil

other reports.

gional and glo

database.

d Attributes

adesh Bureau

Population and

lation Census

g the Expos

of building is

sing sources su

tained from th

., percentage o

adesh, the exp

nds). After the

all buildings.

al characterist

with constructi

ral approach

es

sources are use

lding characte

Remotely sen

obal data sets.

of Statistics

d Housing Cen

2001, Volume

Gridded Populati

Spatial Cost Adjustment

Non‐Residential BuildiInferred from ResidenExposure and Other D

sure Datab

developed fro

uch as official

hese sources is

of dwellings b

osure databas

e risk counts a

Additional in

tics of the risk

ion cost estima

for developin

ed to develop

eristics, and co

nsed data, such

Below is a list

nsus of Bangla

3, Urban Area

onAve

D

Repper

ngs ntial ata

Exp

base of Bu

om the bottom

censuses, pub

s used to deriv

y construction

se is developed

are derived, a r

nformation obt

s such as floor

ates to derive t

ng the Bangla

the Banglades

onstruction cos

h as gridded p

t of select refe

adesh

a Report

rage Number of Dwellings per

Person

Average placement Cost r Dwelling Floor

Area

osure Database of Buildings

Final Repo

ildings

m up, following

blically availab

ve risk counts

n type). To ens

d on an appro

rebuild cost ap

tained from ce

r area, constru

the replaceme

adesh exposu

sh exposure d

sts are obtaine

population esti

rences used in

PerceDwe

Constru

AveragFloor

Constru


SF13-

g the general m

ble reports, an

(e.g., number

sure detailed a

oximate 1 km x

pproach is use

ensus data and

uction type, he

ent values.

ure database

database of bui

ed from recent

imates, are ob

n the developm

entage of llings by uction Type

ge Dwelling r Area by uction Type


11049 FINAL REP 0

methodology

nd academic

of dwellings)

and consistent

x 1 km grid

ed to calculate

d other reports

eight, and year

of buildings

ildings. Detai

tly available ce

tained from

ment of the

er Risk A-8144)

112 051215

and

t

e the

s

r built

iled

ensus

2010 R

Earthq

2009)

Housi

Housi

Earthq

2008)

Poten

Seism

Seism

et al.,

Evalu

(Alam

Construct

Earthq

2009)

Bangl

Cyclon

Recon

A Stud

Scopin

Earthq

2008)

Evalu

(Alam

Using

Housi

Housi

Housi

Group

Geograph

Gridd

Admi

Gridd

Report on Sam

quake Vulnera

ing Report ‐ Si

ing Report ‐ M

quake Resistan

tial Losses for

mic Vulnerabili

mic Loss Assess

2011)

ation of Build

m et al., 2008)

ion Costs

quake Vulnera

adesh House B

ne Sidr in Ban

nstruction (GoB

dy on the Trad

ng Study ‐ The

quake Resistan

ation of Build

m et al., 2008)

g High Resolut

ing Report ‐ Si

ing Report ‐ M

ing Finance in

ps (Hoek‐Smit

hical Data

ded population

nistrative regi

ded GDP estim

mple Vital Regi

ability Assessm

ingle‐story bri

Mud house of B

nt Non‐Engine

r Sylhet, Bangl

ty Assessmen

sment of Dhak

ing’s Vulnerab

ability Assessm

Building Finan

ngladesh – Dam

B, 2008)

ditional Housi

e state of socia

nt Non‐Engine

ing’s Vulnerab

tion Satellite D

ingle‐story bri

Mud house of B

n Bangladesh ‐

t, 1998)

n data (WorldP

ion map (LGE

mates (NOAA,

istration Syste

ment of Dhaka

ick masonry h

Bangladesh (W

eered Building

ladesh in a Rep

t of Buildings

ka for Scenario

bility to Earth

ment of Dhaka

nce Corporatio

mage, Loss an

ing Technolog

al housing in B

eered Building

bility to Earth

Data for Identi

ick masonry h

Bangladesh (W

Improving A

Pop, 2013) con

D, 2010)

2010)

em (SVRS)

a, Chittagong

house (WHE, 2

WHE, 2007)

g Construction

peat of the 191

of Dhaka City

o Earthquakes

quake in Old

a, Chittagong

on

nd Needs Asse

gy of Banglade

Bangladesh (U

g Construction

quake in Old

fication of Urb

house (WHE, 2

WHE, 2007)

ccess to Housi

nditioned on th

Final Repo

and Sylhet Ci

2003)

n for Rural Ar

18 Srimangal E

y (Sadat et al.,

s Using a Disp

Part of Sylhet

and Sylhet Ci

essment for Di

esh (Uddin, 20

UNEP, 2013)

n for Rural Ar

Part of Sylhet

ban Natural R

2003)

ing Finance by

he population


SF13-

ity Corporatio

rea in Banglad

Earthquake (S

2010)

lacement‐Base

and Construc

ity Corporatio

isaster Recove

008)

rea in Banglad

and Construc

Risk (Deichman

y Middle and

n database


11049 FINAL REP 0

n City (CDMP

desh (Alam et a

Sarker et al., 20

ed Method (A

ction Safety Ru

n City (CDMP

ery and

desh (Alam et a

ction Safety Ru

nn et al., 2011)

Lower Incom

er Risk A-8144)

113 051215

P,

al.,

010)

Alam

ules

P,

al.,

ules

)

me

5.5.4 O

The occup

residential

and apartm

housing). T

industrial,

offices, po

etc.) is not

5.5.5 C

Risk attrib

classificati

building m

modeled l

about the

main build

for each Su

for each D

conjunctio

In classify

namely co

into a suff

imposed b

The constr

buildings.

concrete co

occupancy

Occupancy

pancy classes c

l. The resident

ment units. Th

The non‐resid

, religious, gov

olice and fire se

t included.

Constructio

butes such as c

ion of risks by

materials, qual

oss estimates.

characteristics

ding type (e.g.

ubdistrict, and

District are ava

on with these a

ing the buildin

onstruction ma

icient number

by different ha

ruction classes

Construction

onstruction cla

y class is mode

y Type

considered in t

tial occupancy

his also includ

dential occupan

vernmental (g

ervice, etc.), an

on Type

construction ty

structural typ

lity, and desig

The starting p

s of the buildin

., jhupri/shacks

d statistics on t

ilable from the

and other data

ng stock, build

aterial, the load

r of distinct cla

azards.

s shown in Tab

classes other

ass is further c

eled as mason

the Banglades

y consists of dw

es non‐engine

ncy consists o

eneral service

nd educationa

ype and heigh

pe plays an im

gn all have a si

point in develo

ng stock such

s, kutcha/temp

the break‐dow

e Bangladesh

a sets to derive

dings are grou

d resisting me

asses that is un

ble 41 below a

than reinforce

categorized by

ry and reinfor

h exposure da

wellings withi

eered and imp

f non‐resident

and emergen

al establishmen

t are key comp

mportant role in

gnificant impa

oping the cons

as shown belo

porary, semi‐pu

wn (e.g., bamb

Bureau of Stat

e structural typ

uped according

echanism, and

nique in terms

are considered

ed concrete are

y height as pro

rced concrete c

Final Repo

atabase of buil

in single‐fami

provised housi

tial establishm

ncy service, suc

nts. Infrastruc

ponents of the

n catastrophe

act on buildin

struction distr

ow in Figure 5

ucka/semi‐perm

oo/wood or m

tistics. Engine

pe, occupancy

g to their main

d height. This

s of its structur

d in the Bangla

e classified as

ovided in Tabl

construction.


SF13-

ldings are resi

ily houses, mu

ing (e.g., slum

ments, such as

ch as post offi

cture (airports,

e exposure dat

modeling bec

ng vulnerabilit

ribution is gath

54 and Figure 5

manent, and p

mud wall) with

eering expertis

y, and height r

n structural ch

categorizes th

ral response to

adesh exposur

“low‐rise.” T

le 42 below. T


11049 FINAL REP 0

idential and no

ulti‐family hou

ms and rural

commercial,

ices, municipa

, bridges, road

tabase. The

cause differenc

ty and ultimat

hering inform

55. Statistics o

pucka/permane

hin the kutcha

se is used in

relationships.

haracteristics,

he building sto

o the loads

re database of

The reinforced

The non‐reside

er Risk A-8144)

114 051215

on‐

uses,

al

ds,

ces in

ely

mation

on the

ent)

a class

ock

ential

Fig

gure 54. Percent of House

eholds by Typ

pe per Subdis

Final Repo

strict (Derived


SF13-

d from the 20


11049 FINAL REP 0

11 Census)

er Risk A-8144)

115 051215

Figu

Table

C

R

Ta

re 55. Percen

e 41. Constru

Construction Cl

Improvised

Bamboo/Woo

Mud Wall

Masonry

Reinforced Conc

able 42. Heigh

nt of Kutcha H

ction Classes

lass Lo

J

d Ku

Ku

Semi-Puand

crete Pu

ht Classes Co

Households b

s Considered

ocal Description

Jhupri (shacks)

utcha (temporary

utcha (temporary

ucka (semi-permPucka (permane

ucka (permanent

onsidered in

Height

Low-

Mid-

High-

by Constructi

d in the Bangl

n

Mad

y)

y)

manent) ent)

Wa

t) Made

the Banglade

Class Storie

-rise 1-3

rise 4-7

-rise 8+

Final Repo

ion Type (Der

ladesh Expos

de of jute sticks, rags, thatch, p

Frame made o

Made

alls are made pa(either reinforc

e of reinforced conon-e

esh Exposure

es

3

7


SF13-

rived from the

sure Databas

Notes

tree leaves, jute polythene sheets

of bamboo, wood

of mud walls

artially or entirelyced or non-reinfo

oncrete (either enengineered)

e Database of


11049 FINAL REP 0

e 2010 SVRS

se of Building

sacks, tin, , etc.

d, etc.

y of bricks rced)

ngineered or

f Buildings

er Risk A-8144)

116 051215

)

gs

5.5.6 R

After the r

values by

estimates o

cost per sq

for buildin

outlined).

semi‐puck

cost per dw

for rural a

urbanicity

and is sho

dwellings,

dwellings

(apartmen

cost associ

The constr

values tha

spatially u

costs. The

available d

14 BDT = Ban

Replaceme

risks and attrib

construction t

of dwelling flo

quare foot. Var

ngs of various

For example,

ka house and 2

welling by dif

nd urban area

y type (i.e., upp

wn in Figure 5

, which are fou

(concrete/mas

nts) is much hi

iated with non

ruction costs a

at represent the

using gridded

value of non‐r

data.

(Sou

Lo

Mi

Hig

ngladeshi Taka; 0

nt Values

butes are deriv

type. The rebu

oor area by av

rious data sou

occupancies,

the 2007 PDN

20,000 BDT for

fferent constru

as to incorpora

per urban, low

56. Note that

und mostly in

sonry). Also n

igher due to th

n‐livable floor

are combined w

e building exp

GDP estimate

residential bu

Table 43. Ave

rce: Various

Construction

w-Rise Reinforce

d-Rise Reinforce

gh-Rise Reinforc

Masonry

Mud

Bamboo/W

Improvise

0.013 USD per BD

ved, a rebuild

uild cost appro

verage constru

urces have bee

heights, and c

NA report on T

r a kutcha hou

uction types us

ate the regiona

wer urban, upp

the kutcha (m

n rural areas, h

note that unit r

he higher cons

area (stairwel

with risk coun

posure in the e

es as a proxy to

ildings is dete

erage Constr

Information S

n Type

ed Concrete

ed Concrete

ced Concrete

y

Wood

ed

DT

cost approach

oach calculate

uction costs, wh

n leveraged to

construction ty

Tropical Cyclon

use. Table 43 li

sed for the exp

al dwelling siz

per rural, and

mud or bamboo

have a consider

replacement co

struction costs

lls, halls, lobby

nts (number of

exposure datab

o account for l

ermined as a fr

uction Costs

Synthesized b

Urban

1,050,000 – 1,3

2,200,000 – 2,7

3,120,000 – 3,7

350,000 – 504

N/A

N/A

5,000 – 6,0

Final Repo

h is used to ge

es replacement

hich are usual

o obtain estim

ypes (e.g., refe

ne Sidr assign

ists the range o

posure databa

ze and cost of

lower rural) is

o/wood) and jh

rably lower va

ost of mid‐ and

for higher qu

y, etc.).

f dwellings) to

base. These es

local and regio

raction of the

per Dwelling

by AIR – see

350,000 540,

760,000

744,000

4,000 162,0

27,0

33,7

000 4,5


SF13-

enerate buildin

t values by mu

lly expressed i

mates of rebuild

er to the data s

ns a cost of 100

of the average

ase. Different v

construction.

s based on pop

hupri (improv

alue than the p

d high‐rise dw

uality construc

o calculate bui

stimates are fu

onal variation

residential val

g in BDT14

Section 5.5.3

Rural

,00 – 780,000

N/A

N/A

000 – 252,000

000 - 54,000

750 - 60,000

500 - 6,000


11049 FINAL REP 0

ng replacemen

ultiplying ave

in terms of a u

d cost per unit

sources previo

0,000 BDT for a

e unit replacem

values are assi

The modeled

pulation dens

vised) type

pucka type

wellings

ction and addi

ilding replacem

urther refined

n in constructio

lue based on

3)

er Risk A-8144)

117 051215

nt

rage

unit

t area

ously

a

ment

igned

sity

tional

ment

on

5.5.7 V

Raw data

and econo

questionab

available,

study by a

Food and

(CDMP, 20

Chittagon

informatio

Validating t

sets are corrob

omic attributes

ble data. In Ba

which allowed

a collaboration

Disaster Mana

009). This stu

g, and Sylhet w

on on hazard,

Figure 56. M

the Industr

borated agains

s. When incon

angladesh, sev

d for direct co

n of the Compr

agement (MoF

dy is an earthq

which utilized

exposure (incl

Modeled Urba

ry Exposur

st alternative r

nsistencies are

veral independ

omparisons wi

rehensive Disa

FDM), and the

quake risk ass

d high resoluti

luding the bui

anicity for the

re Databas

regional and g

discovered, a

dent reports co

ith the exposu

aster Managem

e Government

sessment cond

ion satellite im

ilding stock), a

Final Repo

e Exposure Da

ses

global data set

additional rese

ontaining buil

re database of

ment Program

of the People

ducted in the m

magery, as wel

and vulnerabi


SF13-

atabase

ts containing r

earch is condu

lding inventor

f buildings. O

mme (CDMP),

’s Republic of

major urban ce

ll as ground su

ility. A compa


11049 FINAL REP 0

reported build

ucted to verify

ry data are

One example is

the Ministry o

f Bangladesh

enters of Dhak

urveys, to gen

arison focusing

er Risk A-8144)

118 051215

ding

any

s a

of

ka,

nerate

g on

rural areas

earthquak

In addition

indicators,

structures

Bank, 2006

is estimate

Banglades

This comp

exposure d

Another p

power par

(e.g., Jaisw

5.5.8 E

The Bangl

country‐w

damage to

building s

catastroph

used for a

to develop

deemed va

s was also con

ke vulnerability

n to checking

, such as prod

(including inf

6), the produce

ed to increase

sh (population

pares well to th

database. Note

point of aggreg

rity based), wh

wal and Wald,

Exposure D

adesh exposu

wide risk assess

o disaster even

tock, but is rat

he modeling m

portfolio‐base

p the exposure

alid on an ave

nducted with d

y assessment o

the input data

duced capital a

frastructure) a

ed capital of B

to about 1,400

n ≈ 158 million

he 150 billion U

e that the prod

gate benchmar

hich is calculat

2011).

Database L

re database of

sment to natu

nts. The exposu

ther an interpr

methodologies,

ed risk assessm

e database. As

erage basis.

data collected

of a rural area

a sets, country

and GDP. Prod

and urban land

Bangladesh wa

0 USD per capi

), the total pro

USD for reside

duced capital e

rking is the rat

ted at about 2.

Limitations

f buildings has

ral hazards, w

ure database d

retation based

, and engineer

ment, certain s

such, the reso

from a study p

a in Bangladesh

‐wide values a

duced capital i

d. Based on es

as 1,007 USD p

ita based on a

oduced capital

ential and non

estimates inclu

tio of the expo

.7. This is in lin

s been develop

with the specifi

does not neces

d on available

ring judgment

simplifications

olution, scope,

Final Repo

performed by

h.

are benchmark

is the total val

stimates from

per capita in 2

annual trends o

l in 2014 is est

n‐residential s

ude other asse

osure value to

ine with other

ped for the pu

ic intent to est

ssarily represe

data, statistica

t. Since the dat

s, aggregation

, and precision


SF13-

Alam et al. (2

ked against va

lue of machine

the World Ban

2005. For the ye

of the same da

timated at abo

tructures deri

ets in addition

the GDP (PPP

studies of bui

urposes of a po

timate econom

ent truth or fac

al techniques,

tabase has bee

n, and averagin

n of the exposu


11049 FINAL REP 0

2008), which w

arious indepen

ery, equipmen

nk (e.g., World

ear 2014, this v

ata. Thus, for

out 220 billion

ved from the

n to structures

P ‐ purchasing

ilding exposur

ortfolio‐based

mic losses from

ct of the actual

state‐of‐the‐ar

en designed to

ng have been u

ure database a

er Risk A-8144)

119 051215

was an

ndent

nt,

d

value

USD.

.

g

re

m

l

rt

o be

used

are

5.5.9 S

This sectio

in the Ban

value (Cov

trillion BD

15 All values

trend of d

Summary o

on provides su

gladesh expos

verage A) only

DT.

Populat

Capital

Local C

Exchan

GDP

GDP pe

GDP (P

Urban P

Househ

Exposu

Exposu

Exposu

Total Re

Residen

Non-Re

Residen

s derived from fodata from the Wo

of the Expo

ummary statist

sure database

y. The total re

Table 44. Ban

tion

Currency

nge Rate to USD

er Capita

PP)

Population

holds with Elect

ure Database Sc

ure Vintage

ure Native Reso

eplacement Val

ntial Replacem

esidential Repla

ntial Dwellings

or the project, exporld DataBank

osure Data

tics, as well as

of buildings.

eplacement cos

ngladesh Exp

D

tricity Connectio

cope

lution

ue

ent Value

cement Value

pect GDP, GDP (

base of Bu

s maps showin

The replacem

st of modeled

posure Summ

on

Reside

(PPP), and urban

Final Repo

uildings

ng the spatial d

ment values pre

buildings in B

mary Statistic

BDT (

11,334

30,805

ential and Non-Re(Cove

0.00833(approxima

11,525

8,261

3,264

n population, wh


SF13-

distribution of

esented below

Bangladesh is

s (2014)15

157,702,4

Dha

(Bangladeshi Ta

0.0

4,503,900,000 B

934 U

5,914,231,679 B

33.6

57.0

esidential Buildinerage A - Structu

End 20

3 Decimal Degreate 1km x 1km gr

5,959,062,475 B

1,929,928,875 B

4,029,133,600 B

35,500,0

hich is inferred fr


11049 FINAL REP 0

f exposure val

w include struc

approximatel

419

aka

ka)

013

DT

SD

DT

6 %

0 %

ngs ure)

014

ees rid)

DT

DT

DT

080

rom a 2009‐2013 l

er Risk A-8144)

120 051215

lues

cture

ly 11.5

linear

Figuure 57. Gridde

ed Replaceme

ent Cost Map

Final Repo

p of All Model


SF13-

led Buildings


11049 FINAL REP 0

s

er Risk A-8144)

121 051215

Figure 59

Figure 60. S

Figure 58. Sh

9. Share of Re

Share of Non

hare of Dwell

esidential Ex

-Residential

ings by Cons

xposure Value

Exposure Va

Final Repo

struction per

e by Construc

lue by Const


SF13-

Division

ction per Divi

truction per D


11049 FINAL REP 0

ision

Division

er Risk A-8144)

122 051215

Tab

District

Bagerha

Bandarba

Barguna

Barisal

Bhola

Bogra

Brahmanba

Chandpu

Chapai Nawa

Chittagon

Chuadang

Comilla

Cox's Baz

Dhaka

Dinajpur

Faridpur

Feni

Gaibandh

Gazipur

Gopalgan

Habigan

Jamalpu

Jessore

Jhalokat

Jhenaida

Joypurha

Khagrachh

Khulna

Kishorega

Kurigram

Kushtia

Lakshmip

Lalmonirh

Madaripu

Magura

Manikgan

Maulvibaz

Meherpu

Munshiga

Mymensin

Naogaon

Narail

Narayanga

Narsingd

Natore

Netrokon

Nilphama

Noakhal

Pabna

Panchaga

Patuakha

Pirojpur

Rajbari

Rajshah

Rangama

Rangpu

Satkhira

Shariatpu

Sherpur

Sirajgan

Sunamga

Sylhet

Tangail

Thakurgao

Bang

ble 45. Numbe

t Division

at Khulna

an Chittagong

a Barisal

Barisal

Barisal

Rajshahi

aria Chittagong

ur Chittagong

abganj Rajshahi

ng Chittagong

ga Khulna

Chittagong

zar Chittagong

Dhaka

r Rangpur

r Dhaka

Chittagong

ha Rangpur

r Dhaka

nj Dhaka

nj Sylhet

ur Dhaka

e Khulna

ti Barisal

ah Khulna

at Rajshahi

hari Chittagong

Khulna

anj Dhaka

m Rangpur

Khulna

pur Chittagong

hat Rangpur

ur Dhaka

a Khulna

nj Dhaka

zar Sylhet

ur Khulna

anj Dhaka

ngh Dhaka

n Rajshahi

Khulna

anj Dhaka

di Dhaka

Rajshahi

na Dhaka

ari Rangpur

li Chittagong

Rajshahi

arh Rangpur

ali Barisal

r Barisal

Dhaka

hi Rajshahi

ati Chittagong

r Rangpur

a Khulna

ur Dhaka

r Dhaka

nj Rajshahi

anj Sylhet

Sylhet

Dhaka

on Rangpur

ladesh Total

er of Dwelling

Number of Dwellings

R

390,933

g 90,011

236,105

567,134

409,088

960,761

g 590,624

g 555,927

392,546

g 1,695,091

305,904

g 1,167,323

g 462,427

3,118,239

789,104

467,153

g 308,130

668,130

915,924

273,641

430,705

620,164

724,609

173,129

464,580

269,439

g 147,656

606,951

690,856

557,189

525,818

g 401,727

318,346

278,021

226,274

356,781

396,237

181,500

347,476

1,277,875

724,478

179,917

743,287

527,361

465,260

525,698

460,891

g 652,823

647,833

250,662

380,424

282,955

260,745

692,858

g 143,134

794,744

517,307

271,197

373,176

789,396

483,181

659,750

959,753

353,722

35,500,080

gs and Replac

ResidentialReplacement Value

(million BDT)

25,847.8

5,164.4

11,022.4

60,699.9

20,804.8

106,264.4

61,139.1

50,927.8

58,847.3

743,766.4

43,348.6

162,451.5

41,377.4

3,954,614.7

75,696.0

42,153.2

51,134.2

44,096.7

224,830.3

17,179.0

30,324.1

38,477.1

116,886.6

12,334.3

58,588.5

22,969.8

7,782.6

207,318.6

61,270.0

27,159.8

70,390.0

31,152.3

17,290.1

20,491.6

17,478.2

22,847.6

42,931.5

27,033.0

41,413.7

100,218.8

56,336.2

12,512.8

357,346.5

68,098.2

40,760.9

25,797.3

39,331.9

56,684.1

66,141.8

13,920.6

20,988.7

16,092.0

17,899.8

152,352.7

8,785.1

86,019.2

58,937.4

14,951.6

23,500.8

63,611.6

34,674.2

159,098.3

65,636.5

26,727.6

8,261,930

Final Repo

cement Value

Non-ResidentiaReplacement Va

(million BDT)

2,127.4

373.9

430.0

12,509.1

1,268.6

21,611.0

8,499.6

5,894.5

11,536.6

329,336.8

5,862.6

35,868.0

7,836.7

2,172,384.6

14,230.5

5,121.7

10,132.8

4,497.8

66,890.7

1,120.8

2,431.9

3,834.9

23,457.4

1,193.8

8,469.1

2,985.1

459.0

83,795.3

9,900.8

1,019.3

13,744.3

2,533.2

775.2

1,866.8

1,583.7

1,311.9

4,953.7

4,167.6

6,892.1

16,059.2

7,837.2

1,183.5

147,132.1

12,317.8

5,021.0

1,526.0

6,116.5

6,088.3

10,566.7

776.4

1,791.0

950.3

1,433.3

55,195.1

652.6

18,302.3

6,770.5

764.6

2,439.5

8,232.5

3,142.6

46,414.8

6,704.0

3,702.3

3,264,029


SF13-

e per District

allue

TotalReplacemen

(million B

27,975

5,538.3

11,452

73,209

22,073

127,875

69,638

56,822

70,383

1,073,10

49,211

198,319

49,214

6,126,99

89,926

47,274

61,267

48,594

291,721

18,299

32,756

42,312

140,344

13,528

67,057

25,954

8,241.6

291,113

71,170

28,179

84,134

33,685

18,065

22,358

19,061

24,159

47,885

31,200

48,305

116,278

64,173

13,696

504,478

80,416

45,781

27,323

45,448

62,772

76,708

14,697

22,779

17,042

19,333

207,547

9,437.7

104,321

65,707

15,716

25,940

71,844

37,816

205,513

72,340

30,429

11,525,9


11049 FINAL REP 0

nt Value BDT)

.2

3

.4

.0

.4

5.4

.7

.3

.9

03.2

.2

9.5

.1

99.3

.5

.9

.0

.5

1.0

.8

.0

.0

4.0

.1

.6

.9

6

3.9

.8

.1

.3

.5

.3

.4

.9

.5

.2

.6

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8.0

.4

.3

8.6

.0

.9

.3

.4

.4

.5

.0

.7

.3

.1

7.8

7

1.5

.9

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.3

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.8

3.1

.5

.9

959

er Risk A-8144)

123 051215

5.6 D

In the dam

are superim

The AIR d

accumulat

cost of the

a structure

intensity is

runoff dep

occupancy

In the AIR

on enginee

to wind lo

occupanci

Wind dam

windows.

In addition

account fo

low‐rise (1

that wind

rise buildi

other hand

buildings

materials.

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event, thu

estimation

location.

In the AIR

depends o

building is

constructio

is usually

Damage Es

mage estimatio

mposed onto

damageability

ted runoff dep

e building and

e or portfolio o

s defined in te

pth (in mm). T

y, construction

R Tropical Cyc

ering analyses

oads dependin

es, separate da

mage primarily

n, the model’s

or building hei

1‐3 stories), mi

speeds increa

ng may exper

d, while the w

are generally l

ge estimation

s capturing th

n module captu

R Tropical Cyc

on the depth of

s expected sus

on is expected

restricted to th

stimation

on (vulnerabili

a database of e

relationships,

pth and the me

the replaceme

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erms of wind s

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n, and height c

lone Model fo

s of different ty

ng upon their c

amage functio

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ight. Separate

id‐rise (4‐7 sto

se with height

rience much lo

wind hazard in

less vulnerabl

module devel

he effects of wi

ures storm du

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f inundation, a

stain more dam

d to be even les

he lower storie

ity) componen

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nto monetary

speed (one‐mi

ers separate wi

classes.

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ypes of buildin

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t, and this effe

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le since they ar

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uration by cons

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and building c

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ss vulnerable

es of a buildin

nt of the mode

erties and the

unctions, repre

atio (MDR). Th

mage function

loss. In the AI

inute sustained

ind and flood

, wind vulnera

ngs subjected

such as const

loped for sing

lements of res

tment buildin

tions have bee

h‐rise (8 storie

ect is significan

eeds than the u

height, vulnera

re typically be

te time profile

and peak wind

sidering the co

, the amount o

construction, o

masonry buildi

to flood loads

ng. This means

Final Repo

el, the local int

resulting mon

esent the relati

he MDR is the

ns translate the

IR Tropical Cy

d winds at 10‐

damage funct

ability functio

to wind loads

truction and oc

gle family hom

sidential prope

ngs and comme

en developed f

es and higher)

nt. For a given

upper floors o

ability typicall

etter construct

e of wind spee

d speeds on str

omplete time p

of flood damag

occupancy and

ing for a given

s. From a flood

s that mid‐ and


SF13-

tensities of eac

netary damag

ionship betwe

e average ratio

e intensity of t

yclone Model

‐meter height)

tions for vario

ons have been

s. Buildings re

ccupancy. In t

mes and apartm

erties, such as

ercial building

for each of thr

. Wind speed

n storm at a gi

of a high‐rise b

ly decreases. H

ted and are ma

eds at each loc

ructures. The

profile of win

ge that a build

d height. For e

n flood depth.

d hazard persp

d high‐rise bu


11049 FINAL REP 0

ch simulated e

e is then calcu

een wind spee

o between the

the hazard affe

for Banglades

) and accumul

ous combinatio

developed bas

espond differe

terms of reside

ment building

cladding and

gs explicitly

ree height rang

profiles indica

ven location, a

building. On th

However, high

ade of better

ation affected

AIR damage

d speeds at ea

ding will susta

example, a ku

Concrete

pective, the im

uildings typica

er Risk A-8144)

124 051215

event

ulated.

d or

repair

ecting

sh,

lated

ons of

sed

ently

ential

s.

ges:

ate

a low‐

he

h‐rise

by an

ach

ain

tcha

mpact

ally

experience

of the buil

The flood

Numerical

Reduction

vulnerabil

vulnerabil

The wind

shown illu

proprietar

Figure

Figure

e a lower dam

lding is affecte

damage funct

l Methods in E

n (GAR). The C

lity functions a

lity functions u

and flood dam

ustratively in F

ry nature of th

61. Damage

62. Damage F

Damage

Ratio

Damage

Ratio

mage ratio for a

ed.

tions are based

Engineering (C

CIMNE metho

aimed at reflec

using referenc

mage function

Figure 61 and

he damage fun

Functions fo

Functions for

B

Kutcha

Masonry ReLow‐Rise CoMasonry NoLow‐Rise CoMid‐Rise CoHigh‐Rise C

Kutcha

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a given flood d

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odology consis

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Figure 62, resp

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Cyc

r Flooding fro

Bangladesh T

Win

esidential

oncrete Resideon‐Residentialoncrete Non‐Roncrete Non‐RConcrete Non‐R

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ry

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al Risk Model

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om Tropical C

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ential

Residential

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ete

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w‐rise building

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al Assessment

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Cyclone Induc

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SF13-

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International

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simplified, ind

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11049 FINAL REP 0

maller propor

Centre for

saster Risk

dicative

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MA, 2011).

angladesh are

ed to retain the

ladesh Tropic

ation used in

er Risk A-8144)

125 051215

rtion

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cal

the

5.7 M

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country ris

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ranked (hi

0.002 (20/1

loss level e

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Table 46 an

modeled l

precipitati

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exposure v

Banglades

precipitati

years.

Figure 64 a

sense of th

Modeled Lo

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n approach. Fo

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ets in the expo

by the damag

sk profile via a

nt severities th

or replace dam

te the EP curv

y have multiple

anked from hi

gest event loss

eled year). Fin

he rank of the

ighest loss) ev

10,000) or 0.40%

equals the inv

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ge annual loss

sure of loss tha

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o and 4 millio

nd Figure 63 s

osses are due

ion (e.g., the m

discussion on t

value, which g

sh are collectiv

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and Figure 65

he geographica

oss Summa

e losses due to

or each simula

precipitation

osure database

ge estimation m

an exceedance

hat will occur w

maged/destroye

ve, the loss for

e events, some

ghest loss to lo

s within each m

nally, EPs corre

loss year by t

ent would hav

%, the 100th‐r

erse of EP: EP

iods.

s (AAL) is the

at, on average,

timates for eac

catalog consid

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show the tropi

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modeled losses

these topics in

gives a sense o

vely expected t

about USD 2.4

illustrate the

al distribution

ary

tropical cyclo

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e probability (E

within the nex

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each simulate

e a single even

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modeled year)

esponding to e

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ve an EP of 0.0

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mean value of

, can be expec

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ders. For exam

ear seven, the A

ical cyclone m

buildings from

s presented he

a later section

of the relative i

to incur an an

4 billion (or ab

modeled aggr

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. For each eve

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xt year. The mo

ed event in eac

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each loss—occ

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impact. For ex

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regate‐based a

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Final Repo

different sever

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ensity values a

ent, the effects

repeated simu

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ch modeled ye

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gures calculate

oss (based on

currence or ag

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) or 0.01%, the

100/10,000) or

%, for example

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to tropical cyc

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angladesh. Fig


SF13-

rity has been e

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are then extra

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reflect the esti

ear is calculate

e losses from th

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the sum of all

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for a 10,000‐ye

e 20th‐ranked

r 1.00%. The re

e, correspond

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ally. It is comp

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be (1+4)/10 = 0

Bangladesh. N

wind and floo

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losses relative

46 shows that

clone wind an

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al loss (AAL) b

gure 64, which


11049 FINAL REP 0

estimated via a

omputes the f

cted to all loca

assets are

n assembled i

likelihood of l

imated cost ne

ed. Some mod

he modeled ye

ccurrence loss (

event losses o

calculated by

ear catalog, the

event an EP o

eturn period fo

to 10,000‐, 500

ibution. It is a

puted by sum

ding the total

is 1 million in

0.5 million in l

Note that the

oding from

sectors – refer

e to the model

t buildings in

nd flood from

once every 100

by District, to g

h plots the abs

er Risk A-8144)

126 051215

a

fields

ations

in the

osses

eeded

deled

ears

(based

of

e top‐

of

or a

0‐,

long

ming

by

loss

loss.

to a

led

0

give a

solute

AAL, show

Khulna). T

AAL norm

along the c

ws that large c

This is expecte

malized by exp

coast, as expec

Table

Return Peri(years)

2 5 10 20 50 100 500

Average AnnuaNote: Mo

Figur

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Modeled

Loss

(Million

USD)

Tr

concentrations

ed, as these dis

posure value, s

cted (e.g. refer

e 46. Tropical

iod Aggreg

Mod

(mill

1

5

9

1

1

2

3

al (AAL) 3

deled loss due to

e 63. Tropica

AAL

opical Cyclo

Aggrega

Occurre

Note: Model

from tropicafrom precipit

s of AAL are in

stricts have lar

shows that the

r Figure 1).

l Cyclone Mo

gate‐Based deled Loss lion USD)

Ag

N

E

134.2

539.1

908.9

,302.3

,917.2

,403.1

,652.6

331.4

damage to buildinprecipitat

al Cyclone Mo

2 5

Mea

one Modeled

ate

ence

ed loss due to daml cyclone induced tation (no storm s

n districts with

rge concentrat

e highest relati

deled Loss R

ggregate‐BasedModeled Loss Normalized by Exposure Value

0.09%

0.36%

0.61%

0.87%

1.28%

1.60%

2.44%

0.22%

ngs from tropical ction (no storm sur

odeled Loss R

10 2

n Return Perio

d Loss Risk P

mage to buildings wind and floodingurge)

Final Repo

h major cities

tions of exposu

ive impact of t

Risk Profile fo

Occurrence‐BaModeled Los(million USD

103.0

403.6

708.3

1,042.7

1,548.1

2,000.6

3,204.1

259.1

cyclone induced wrge).

Risk Profile fo

0 50

od (Years)

Profile for Ba

g


SF13-

(e.g., Dhaka, C

ure value. Figu

tropical cyclon

or Banglades

ased ss D)

Occurren

Model

Norma

Exposur

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.7

1.0

1.3

2.1

0.1

wind and flooding f

or Banglades

100 50

angladesh


11049 FINAL REP 0

Chittagong, an

ure 74, which

ne risk is situa

h

nce‐Based ed Loss lized by re Value 07% 27% 47% 70% 03% 34% 14% 17% from

sh

0

er Risk A-8144)

127 051215

nd

plots

ated

Figure 64

Figure 65

4. Tropical Cy

5. Tropical Cy

clone Modele

yclone Model

ed Aggregate

ed Aggregate

Value, for Ba

e-Based Avera

e-Based Aver

angladesh by

Final Repo

age Annual L

rage Annual L

y District


SF13-

Loss for Bang

Loss, Norma


11049 FINAL REP 0

gladesh by D

lized by Expo

er Risk A-8144)

128 051215

istrict

osure

5.8 C

Coastal resurge mod

Cyclone Mgeneral risresults of t

To assess toverlaid oSpace Resehistorical cbasis for thwere digitFor the SPare definedbetween 0final analyBhola Distzone.

For each Dquantify tha “High Rin Table 48calibration

surge. For modeled eto consideBhola is pastorm surg

The effect directly froAAL with

the consid

Considerat

gions of Bangldeling can takeModel for Bangsk due to stormthe existing tro

the concentratn publically aearch and Remcyclones fromhe geographictized using GISPARRSO map, d by inundatio.5 to 6 meters.

ysis. Results oftrict, over 95%

District, a qualhe general surisk” zone, it is8. These loss fan on past recenexample, a lo

event, the troper the effect of articularly at‐rge risk for each

of these factorom the model

the applicatioderation of stor

ion of the

ladesh are hige several yearsgladesh does nm surge, a seriopical cyclone

tion of assets pvailable stormmote Sensing O 1960 to 2007 fcal distributionS software and“High Risk” aon depths gre. The higher off the GIS analy

% of the modele

itative descriprge risk as shos classified as “actors, which nt events, is aposs factor of 5 hpical cyclone lostorm surge forisk to storm sh District in B

rs on the losse (which does non of the stormrm surge.

Effect of S

ghly exposed ts to develop. Gnot explicitly cies of analysese model.

potentially expm surge risk mOrganization (from the Bangn of storm surgd were overlaiand “Risk” zoater than 6 me

f the two risk ysis are shown

ed exposure v

ptor (storm surwn in Table 48“Red”. Finallyis based prima

pplied to each has been assigosses (due to wor that Districsurge, as notedangladesh. As

es is shown Fignot include stom surge loss fa

Storm Surg

to storm surgeGiven the scopconsider the efs were perform

posed to stormaps. The tropi(SPARRSO) angladesh Instituge risk (e.g., seid on the expones are self‐deeters and “Riskzone definition in Table 47. Fvalue is in the

rge risk index 8. Since Bholay, the storm suarily on availaDistrict to inc

gned to Bhola Dwind and prect. A similar prd during the 1s expected, onl

gure 68 – the lorm surge), wactors. As expe

Final Repo

ge

e risk. Due to ipe and timelin

ffect of storm smed using ava

m surge risk, thical cyclone risnd an inundatute of Water Mee Figure 66). osure databaseefined. For thek” zones are dons from theseFor example, t“Risk” zone a

– red, yellow,

a District has ourge risk indexable historical corporate the eDistrict, which

cipitation) are rocedure is do970 Bhola Cycly coastal area

left image showwhile the right iected, the losse


SF13-

its complexity,

ne of this TA, tsurge. In ordeailable public i

he exposure dsk map from ttion risk map gModeling (IWM

These publicae derived for te IWM map, “defined by inue two maps is cthe analysis inand 46% is in th

, or green) is tover 40% of itsx is assigned adata and judgeffects of losseh means that fmultiplied byone for coastal clone. Figure 6as are at risk to

ws the normal

image shows es along the co


11049 FINAL REP 0

, explicit stormthe AIR Tropicer to assess theinformation an

atabase was the Bangladeshgenerated fromM) were used aally available mthe current proHigh Risk” zoundation depthconsidered in ndicates that inhe “High Risk

then given to s exposure valua loss factor as gment, as well

es due to stormfor any given y 5 for Bhola DDistrict. Note

67 plots the ino storm surge.

lized AAL comthe normalize

oast are larger

er Risk A-8144)

129 051215

m cal e nd

h m 18 as the maps oject. ones hs the n k”

ue in listed l as m

District e that ferred .

ming ed r with

Figure 66

6. General Sto

Table

StorRis

Y

G

orm Surge Ri

Table 47. Re

District

Cox's Bazar

Bhola

Chittagong

Barguna

Patuakhali

Noakhali

Lakshmipur

Jhalokati

Pirojpur

Barisal

Feni

Bagerhat

Satkhira

Khulna

Shariatpur

Chandpur

e 48. Definitio

rm Surge sk Index

Red O

Yellow

Green

isk in Bangla

elative Storm

Modeled ExpoValue at “Risfor Storm Su

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

>95%

92%

55%

9%

55%

73%

50%

on of Surge R

Over 40% of Exp

Over 95% of E

Over 25% of E

desh from SP

m Surge Risk E

osure sk”

urge

ModeValue a

for S

Risk Index and

Definition

posure Value in “

Exposure Value i

Exposure Value in

Final Repo

PARRSO (left

Exposure by

led Exposure at “High Risk”

Storm Surge

83%

46%

23%

22%

22%

20%

5%

<5%

<5%

<5%

6%

<5%

<5%

<5%

<5%

<5%

d Associated

High Risk” Zone

n “Risk” Zone

n “ Risk” Zone


SF13-

t image) and

District

Storm Surge Risk Index

Red

Red

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

Yellow

Green

Green

Green

Green

Green

Green

d Loss Factor

Loss Facto

e 5

2.5

1.5


11049 FINAL REP 0

IWM (right im

rs

or

er Risk A-8144)

130 051215

mage)

Figure 6

8. Normalized

and

Figure 67

d Average An

d Results Co

7. Inferred Sto

nnual Loss by

nsidering the

orm Surge Ri

y District – Re

e Effect of Sto

Final Repo

isk in Bangla

esults Directl

orm Surge (R


SF13-

desh

ly from the M

Right Image)


11049 FINAL REP 0

Model (Left Im

er Risk A-8144)

131 051215

mage)

5.9 V

In general,Several recfor BanglaRashmi, 20main objecincluding The tropicTRMM.

Note that texample, ois due to wRashmi, re

Figure 69 sDistrict, ofpopulation

normalize

Figure 6

Validation o

, all model comcent historicaladesh. These in009 TC Bijli, 20ctives of the vathe hazard, dacal cyclone eve

the events seleover 95% and wind damage. espectively, is

shows an examf the reported n) is compared

d the exposur

69. Tropical C

on Historic

mponents andl tropical cyclonclude most o009 TC Aila, 2alidation procamage functioent parameters

ected for the v75% of the mo

On the other hdue to precip

mple validatioimpact (displad with the mo

re value). In ge

Cyclone Sidr –

cal Events

d model lossesone events wer

f the recent m2012 TC BOB 0cess was to vetons, and overas necessary for

validation encoodeled loss frohand, over 95%itation induce

on exercise forayed as the redeled impact eneral, the mo

– Reported Im

s are validatedre modeled to

major tropical c01, 2013 TC Ma

t the major comll loss estimat

r model input

ompass both rom the 1991 Ba% and 90% of ed flooding da

Tropical Cyclported numbe

(displayed as deled results c

mpact (Left Im

Final Repo

d with the lateso validate the Acyclones, such ahasen, and thmponents of thtes, both on a gt are generally

rain‐heavy andangladesh Cycthe modeled l

amage.

lone Sidr. Theer of people afthe inferred locompare favor

mage) and Mo


SF13-

st available daAIR Tropical Cas 2007 TC Sihe 1991 Banglahe catastropheglobal scale any derived from

d wind‐heavyclone and TC loss from the T

e geographicalffected norma

oss considerinrably with the

odeled Impact


11049 FINAL REP 0

ata and scienceCyclone Risk Mdr, 2008 TC adesh Cyclonee risk model, nd a regional sm IBTrACS and

events. For Sidr, respectivTC Aila and T

l variation, by lized by the ng storm surgee reported imp

ted (Right Im

er Risk A-8144)

132 051215

e. Model

e. The

scale. d

vely, TC

e pact.

age)

6 Tro

This sectioTable 49 anBanglades

(see Sectio(TC) Risk

Since the Tadjustmen

factor of 1coastal Disanalyses othe effect oaccount foproject is rassets (sucmodeled alosses avaiCyclone Rsimplified

important and the infeffects). Nimpact exp

As shown on averagechance thafinancial imother peril

Based on tincurred b2009 Cycloalthough tfloods are

opical C

on presents thend Figure 70, sh (aggregate‐bon 3.2.2). The tModel.

TC model doents are made to.5 to account fstricts are amp

of this amplific

of storm surgeor the effect of residential andch as crops, agassets, the mod

ilable for TropRisk Model is m approach is bto stress the dferred modeled evertheless, thpected in Bang

in Table 49 ane per year dueat the financialmpact from flols (such as sev

the estimated by the 2004 floone Aila, and 2there is large uexpected to b

yclone a

e risk profile orepresents thebased). Recall ropical cyclon

s not explicitlyo the TC mode

for the effect oplified by a faccation on the se. Second, the losses to non‐d non‐residentgriculture, anddeled loss is mpical Cyclone Smultiplied by abased on limite

difference betwloss (which is he inferred mo

gladesh due to

nd Figure 70, Be to cyclone anl impact from oods will excevere storm and

risk profile, thods is expecte2013 Cyclone uncertainty in e greater than

and Floo

of tropical cycle estimated finthat the flood

ne losses are de

y consider theeled loss. Firstof storm surge.ctor of 1.5, 2.5,simulated evenlosses from th‐modeled assetial buildings. d infrastructuremultiplied by aSidr. Thus, thea factor of 3.0 ed available inween the modea simple ampl

odeled loss is ao tropical cyclo

Bangladesh is nd flood (or abcyclones will eed 12.4 billiond earthquake)

he flooding in ed to be exceedMahasen, are trending the l

n a 100 year ev

od Risk

lones and floonancial impact

d losses are inferived from th

e effect of stormt, the losses fro. As described, or 5.0 to accont losses, the Ehe modeled EPets. Recall that Due to the pre), were not ma factor of two

e losses from tto considerednformation aneled loss (which

lification of than appropriateone.

expected incubout 2.2% of thexceed 7.2 biln USD next yeare much less

2004 is expectded on averagexpected to belosses to curreent, each.

Final Repo

Profile

ods in Bangladt (due to dama

ferred from anhe detailed pro

m surge and loom the modele

d in a previousount for the imEP curve is “amP curve are mu

the modeled roject scope anmodeled. To aco. This is basedthe EP curve dd non‐modeled

nd has a high dh is based on ahe modeled lose proxy to qua

ur a financial imhe 2014 GDP).lion USD nextear. It is expectsevere than cy

ted to be a 10 yge once every 1e 20, 5, and 2 yent (2014) valu


SF13-

of Bang

desh. The risk age and loss) fn analysis of hiobabilistic AIR

osses to non‐bed EP curve as section, the mmpact of stormmplified” by 1ultiplied by a fexposure consnd timeline, otccount for lossd primarily onderived from td effects. Note degree of uncea rigorous probsses to accounantify the over

mpact of abou Furthermore,

t year, and a 1ted that the finyclone and flo

year event (e.g10 years). The year events, reues. The 1991 C


11049 FINAL REP 0

gladesh

profile, shown

for all sectors iistorical floodR Tropical Cyc

building assetsre multiplied bmodeled lossesm surge. Based 1.5 to account factor of 2.0 tosidered for thither sectors anses to these non reported sectthe AIR Tropicthat the use o

ertainly. Thus,babilistic mod

nt for non‐mod

rall financial

ut 3.2 billion U, there is a 1% % chance thatnancial risk froood.

g., the level of 2007 Cyclone espectively, Cyclone and 1

er Risk A-8144)

133 051215

n in in data clone

s, two by a s for on for o is nd on‐tor cal of this it is del) deled

USD

t the om

loss Sidr,

998

0

0

0

0

Ave

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

16,00

18,00

Economic

Impact

(M USD)

Table 4

EP

0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 rage Annual Lo

Figure 7

0

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

AAL

Cycl

Floo

49. Qualitative

MRP M

2 5 1

10 2

20 3

50 5

100 7

500 1

oss (AAL)

70. Qualitativ

2 5

Mean Re

lone

od

e Risk Profile

Eco

Cyclone M USD % G403 0.3

1,617 1.1

2,727 1.9

3,907 2.7

5,752 3.9

7,209 4.9

10,958 7.4

994 0.7

ve Risk Profile

10 20

eturn Period (Y

Final Repo

e of Banglade

onomic Impac

GDP M US3% 1,002

1% 3,861

9% 5,864

7% 7,574

9% 10,15

9% 12,43

4% 15,29

7% 2,210

e of Banglade

50 100

Years)


SF13-

esh

ct Flood

SD % GDP 2 0.7% 1 2.6% 4 4.0% 4 5.1% 52 6.9% 36 8.4% 95 10.4% 0 1.5%

esh

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

500


11049 FINAL REP 0

Economic

Impact

(% GDP)

er Risk A-8144)

134 051215

7 Fu

A funding

funding av

availability

in Banglad

when repo

comprised

internation

be shown t

economica

governmen

for the mo

7.1 D

The fundin

together co

2000 to 201

various pu

For both d

multiple p

accuracy.

The damag

tropical cy

the several

Bank, Mun

consequen

The dama

resulting f

Unfortuna

and privat

public sect

used to inf

nding G

g gap is defined

vailable to mee

y of detailed e

desh is limited

orted figures w

d of various com

nal organizatio

to encourage g

ally rational. O

nt under differ

ost appropriate

Data Collec

ng gap analysi

omprehensive

13. The inform

ublicly‐availab

damage and fu

persons, which

ge information

yclones, earthq

l sources as de

nichRE, and se

nce are provide

ge data presen

funding gap co

ately, there is n

te losses specif

tor damage is,

fer the portion

Gap Anal

d as the residu

et those losses

economic loss d

. However, su

were not availa

mponents of fu

ons. Full ident

governments t

Overall, the ass

rent disaster s

e option of disa

ction Metho

is presented in

e damage and f

mation has been

ble sources pub

nding informa

h was also cross

n relates to rep

quakes, storms

escribed previo

everal agencies

ed in Section 4

nted here repr

omputed illus

no reliable dat

fically for Ban

, in general, ap

n of the govern

lysis

ual between tot

. An accurate f

data due to na

bstantial effor

able (e.g., refer

unding with d

tification of the

that greater inv

sessments attem

cenarios and e

aster risk man

odology an

n this study rel

funding inform

n compiled by

blished by the

ation, the exten

s‐checked by d

ported moneta

and floods. Th

ously, includin

s of the Govern

4.

resents the tota

strates total ga

ta available to

ngladesh. Base

pproximated a

nment’s catast

tal annual loss

funding gap an

atural hazards.

rt was allocated

r to the previou

data acquired f

e resources allo

vestment in ex

mpt to identify

explore how sp

agement instru

nd Sources

lies on an exten

mation related

a meticulous

Government o

nsive library an

different team

ry damages ca

he monetary d

ng EMDAT, th

nment of Bang

al economic lo

p that exists b

provide a clea

ed on the opin

at around 85%

trophe respons

Final Repo

ses incurred as

nalysis is only

. In general, th

d to infer the l

us section). Th

from local gov

ocated to disas

x‐ante disaster

y the level of c

pending dema

ruments.

s

nsive data coll

d to catastroph

library and int

of Bangladesh

nd internet sea

members to e

aused by four

damage inform

he Dartmouth F

gladesh. More

oss sustained b

borne by both p

ar distinction

nions of some e

% of the total d

sibility. Howe


SF13-

s a consequenc

y possible thro

he availability o

losses of major

he funding inf

vernment agen

ster risks is as

risk finance i

contingent liab

ands need to b

lection which

hes in Banglade

ternet search w

and internatio

arch has been

ensure data re

different types

mation has bee

Flood Observa

details on the

by all sectors;

private and pu

of responsibil

experts polled

damage and co

ever, extreme


11049 FINAL REP 0

ce of disasters

ough the

of this type of

r catastrophes

formation is

ncies and

ssessed, which

nstruments is

bility of the

be spread ove

has brought

esh for the per

which covered

onal organiza

conducted b

eliability and

s of perils, i.e.,

en compiled fro

atory, the Wor

e disaster

therefore, the

ublic sectors.

ity between pu

d in this study

ould potentiall

caution shoul

er Risk A-8144)

135 051215

and

data

s

h can

r time

riod

d

ations.

by

,

om

rld

ublic

y, the

ly be

ld

always be

amount of

The fundinrehabilitat

response. Tfollowing

A

Fi

(U

Ec

The expencosts of a t

Funding inmade imm

relevant exgovernmen

“funding rdifficulties

allocated tmillion) pecatastroph

example othe Centraemergency

significant

Table 50 ddamages) the fundinaid on disafunding avtotal fundi

used when ap

f uncertainty a

ng information

tion projects; iiThe funding insources:

Annual Develoinancial TrackUN‐OCHA) (hconomic Relat

nditures for rectotal of 55 uniq

nformation wa

mediately afterxpenditures arnt budget, as wreserved for uns associated wi

to this entire buer annum. In thes; for other yf other small pal Bank of Bangy response. Ovt difference to

displays all thefor flood, seveng amounts foraster‐related evailable to the ing constitutes

pplying any fa

associated with

n is comprised

i) humanitaria

nformation has

pment Prograking Services ohttp://fts.unoch

tions Division,

covery and rehque tenders im

as not availablr the natural pere generally cowell as other smnforeseen incidith isolating a udget item, tohe major disasyears it is not enpockets of avaigladesh), whic

verall, not incothe figures rel

relevant figurere storm, earthr recovery andmergency respcountry in thes the funding g

actor that is no

h this value.

d of three comp

an aid; and iii)s been obtaine

am of the Plannof the United Nha.org/) , Ministry of F

habilitation promplemented ov

e for some emeril by the Banovered in the “mall pockets odents” could nparticular exp

o be used for anster years, it isntirely clear hoilable fundingch spares 50 morporating thelated to total av

res. Specificallyhquake, and trd rehabilitationponse. The sume case of catasgap.

ot derived with

ponents of funforeign aid oned for each resp

ning Commiss

Nations Office

Finance

ojects have beever the period 2

mergency‐respongladeshi gove“funding reservof money availnot be obtainedpenditure in thny unforeseenhighly likely tow much was

in other bureamillion BDT (USafore‐mention

vailable fundin

y, the table conropical cyclonen projects, the hm of these thrstrophes. Final

Final Repo

h reliable quan

nding: i) expenn assistance dispective fundin

sion, Ministry

e for the Coord

en derived fro2000 to 2013.

onse expendituernment to aidved for unforelable in bureaud from the Min

he mentioned bn incident, stanthat the full al spent on catasaucratic layersSD 0.71 million

ned small allocng, and hence

nsists of total ae. On the fundhumanitarian

ree funding colly, the dispari


SF13-

ntitative data

nditures made saster‐related ng component

y of Planning dination of Hu

m the approve

ures (i.e., expend the affected geseen incidentsucratic layers. nistry of Finanbudget item. Tnds at 1 billion llocation was sstrophe‐relates is the Banglan) every year scations is unlike, for our analy

annual economding side, the aid into Bang

omponents ma

ity between to


11049 FINAL REP 0

as there is a la

on the recoveremergency from the

umanitarian A

ed procureme

nditures that agroups). The s” item in theThe data on nce due to variThe total amou

BDT (i.e., USDspent on ed expenses. Aadesh Bank (i.esince 2012 to akely to have aysis.

mic costs (losstable docume

gladesh, and foakes up the tottal damage an

er Risk A-8144)

136 051215

arge

ry and

Affairs

ent

are

ious unt D 14

An e., aid

and ents oreign tal nd

Ye

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

201

201

201

201

TOTA

Note

Table 50. Disas

ear Disaster‐REconomic

00 582 01 85 02 1,072

03 1,042

04 2,335

05 139 06 27 07 2,744

08 145 09 1,206

10 254 11 186 12 626 13 350 AL 10,791

: All figures in the t

ster Related Econ

Related Impact Fundin

rehab

1

table are rounded t

nomic Impact and

ng for recovery and bilitation projects

61

67

129

8

60

95

58

73

111

38

52

64

47

34

897

to the nearest integ

d Funding Gap in

Disaster‐Relate

Humanitarian Aid

5

2

6

4

109

6

12

300

43

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SF13-1049 FINAL R

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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SF13-

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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e institutional

point for

nagement plan

or Economic

city and poten

ster risk finan

tor, microfinan

r risk finance

esh is primaril

agement and tw

ons Division.

nagement

agement (DDM

ole is to

ed to assess

m the field. Th

at the Union l

is the second‐t

arters received

ntly has 25

er Risk A-8144)

146 051215

ols

the

e

ns.

ntial

ce

nce

ly

wo

M)

he

level

tier

d the

Although

DDM are c

factors. Th

procedure

extract mo

“damage f

different v

in restricte

It is sugge

approach w

prevented

to filling in

The institu

concepts. C

clusters in

central gov

clusters.

8.1.2 F

The Fiscal

funding ac

Budgetary

financial y

adds up to

come into

The budge

manageme

1. Disaste

di

2. Emerge

am

3. Fund foW

al

rules, regulati

clear, the depa

he missing capa

e. For example,

ore funds from

form” itself ha

versions of the

ed access to the

sted that satell

would ensure

. The DDM als

n the damage f

utional framew

Clusters are ac

clude: i) food c

vernment, NG

Fiscal Divis

Division in th

cross different

y matters (inclu

year. In particu

o the central go

effect. In prin

etary system in

ent. Some of th

er Risk Reductisaster risk redency Fund Dismount is confior UnforeseenWhile this fundlmost certain t

ons, and respo

artment’s capa

acity is mainly

, the disaster m

m the authoritie

as been develop

form. In addit

e form.

lite and GIS m

that reported

so plans to reb

form accuratel

work also featu

ctivated follow

cluster, ii) edu

GOs, and intern

sion, Minis

he Ministry of

t governmenta

uding allocati

ular, the Fiscal

overnment bu

nciple, disaster

n Bangladesh

he identified p

tion (DRR) Fuduction. The asaster Manageirmed to be smn Incidents ‐ Ading can be allthat the whole

onsibilities per

city to assess d

y related to ove

management c

es. Also, the da

ped over time

tion, some form

methods could b

damages are m

build the data c

ly.

ures some clust

wing a disaster

ucation cluster,

national organ

try of Fina

Finance is the

al and non‐gov

ons) are outlin

l division alloc

udget. The cen

r related alloca

involves seve

pockets are as

und ‐ Introducamount availabement ‐ Allocamall (again, theAvailable each ocated for anye allocation wo

rtaining to disa

damages and l

erstatements a

ommittees at t

amages from s

since 1993, an

ms are comple

be used to incr

more accurate

collection syste

ters defined ar

to support the

iii) shelter clu

nizations such

ance

e core body tha

vernmental lay

ned in the ann

cates the requi

ntral governme

ations can be id

ral small pock

follows:

ced 5‐7 years able could not bated to Deputye full amount year in the ory purpose in aould be spent

Final Repo

aster managem

losses accurate

and inconsisten

the Union leve

some areas ma

nd there is diffe

eted in Bangla

rease the capa

and overstatem

tem by training

round differen

e concerned pe

uster, iv) inform

as the World B

at allocates the

yers.

nual budget do

ired budget to

ent budget is t

dentified in th

kets of money

ago, the DRR fbe identified, by Commission

could not be irder of one billan ordinary yeon disaster ris


SF13-

ment tools adm

ely is crippled

ncies in the da

el may oversta

ay be under‐rep

erent number

and some in E

acity to assess t

ments or unde

g people on th

nt disaster man

eople in relief

mation manag

Bank have mem

e domestic dis

ocument at the

o each line of t

then ratified b

he budget docu

dedicated to d

fund is dedicabut is likely toner at the distridentified). lion BDT (USDear, in the disask reduction.


11049 FINAL REP 0

ministered by t

due to several

ata collection

ate the damage

ported. The

of columns in

English, resulti

the damages. T

erstatements a

he field in rega

nagement

activities. The

gement cluster

mbers in thes

saster‐related

e beginning of

the ministry, w

by the parliame

ument.

disaster

ated specificallo be modest. rict level, the

D 14.28 million

aster years it is

er Risk A-8144)

147 051215

the

l

es to

ing

This

are

rd

ese

r. The

se

f each

which

ent to

ly for

n). s

4. Palli Kar

Fi

an

8.1.3 E

When ther

initiated. E

bilateral o

Developm

Internation

Departmen

which line

the require

sanitation,

cyclone sh

In contrast

organizati

education,

health.

8.2 F

Banglades

(1) Mon

bank

secto

(2) Capi

Bang

Chitt

(3) Insur

comp

(4) Infor

Cred

19 As part ofNGOs are alBangladesh.

rma-Sahayak F

inance. Heade

nd participatin

Economic R

re is a domesti

ERD’s role is t

rganizations s

ment Program (

nal Developm

nt for Internat

e ministries ap

ements.19 The

, healthcare, ed

helters in coast

t to the past, th

ions have their

, and health. F

Financial M

sh’s financial m

ney market secks and non‐banor is regulated ital market secgladesh Securitagong Stock Erance sector: mpanies. This sermal sector: mdit Regulatory

f the shared respolso involved with

.

oundation (PKSed by the Mini

ng institutions

Relations D

ic funding gap

o mobilize for

such as the Wo

(UNDP), the J

ment (USAID),

tional Develop

pproach the ER

coverage of fo

ducational sup

tal areas).

he process of o

r own prioritie

For example, A

Market

market is comp

ctor: made up nk financial inby Bangladesctor: made up ties and ExchaExchange. made up of thector is regulatmade up of theAuthority and

onsibility and goh disaster manag

SF) also imple

ister, a high levs. Once again t

Division (E

p following ca

reign financing

orld Bank (WB

apan Internati

the Australian

pment of the U

RD for emerge

oreign aid incl

pport projects

obtaining fore

es in meeting t

ADB’s priority

prised of four

of nationalizenstitutions (e.gsh Bank – the cof listed comp

ange Commiss

e state owned

ted by the Insu financial NGO

d the Registrar

overnance, nowa

gement. Nowada

ements “Climavel committee

the funding am

ERD), Minis

tastrophes, typ

g through dev

B), the Asian D

ional Coopera

n Agency for I

United Kingdo

ency financing

ludes infrastru

; and cyclone

eign aid is now

the requireme

y is infrastructu

sectors:

ed commercial

g. leasing bankcentral moneta

panies and corsion and supp

d insurance corurance DeveloOs and the Cor of Cooperati

days each line mays, disasters is a

Final Repo

ate Resiliencee decides on thmount could n

stry of Fina

pically the for

velopment par

Development B

ation Agency (

International D

om (DFID). Th

g, which then a

ucture projects

shelters progr

wadays shorter

ents, such as d

ure, while WB

l banks, privatks, developmen

ary authority. rporations. Thported by the D

rporations andopment and Rooperatives wo

ives regulate t

ministry has its owa cross‐cutting iss


SF13-

e Fund” underhe distributionnot be identifie

ance

reign financing

rtners, which a

Bank (ADB), th

(JICA), the U.S

Development

he process wor

activates bilate

s; procuremen

ram (such as m

r. Nevertheles

developing infr

B’s priority is i

te commercial

nt finance inst his sector is regDhaka Stock E

d the private inRegulatory Autorking in micr

this sector.

wn disaster actiosue in the institu


11049 FINAL REP 0

r the Ministry n of funds to Ned.

g mechanism

are multi‐later

he United Nat

S. Agency for

(AUSAID), an

rks in a way in

eral links to m

nt of food; soci

multipurpose

ss, aid

rastructure,

infrastructure

l banks, merch

titutions). This

gulated by Exchange and

nsurance thority. rocredit. The M

on plan. As notedutional framewor

er Risk A-8144)

148 051215

of NGOs

is

ral or

tions

nd the

n

meet

ial,

and

hant s

the

Micro

d, even rk of

A disaster

bears a sub

there is a c

financial s

implicatio

� The imp

� Post‐dis

� Lax credconsider

According

ranking inefficiency risk of sovranked 50,position of

One prere

for the exi

capital ma

financing f

corporate

In current

nor strong

borrowing

on its own

major role

required fo

8.2.1 M

The money

banks, fina

(3,478 bran

branches),

commercia

r normally has

bstantial part

culture of loan

ectors are also

ns after a disa

pact on lendin

saster support

dit discipline inrable addition

g to the 2012 Fn the Financialof the world’s

vereign debt cr, and in terms f Bangladesh i

quisite of havi

sting and pote

arket. Historica

from capital m

bonds is almo

conditions, th

g and may not

g from the priv

n is also small

e in the disaste

or disaster risk

Money Mark

y market is re

ancial instituti

nches), 4 state‐

, 9 foreign com

al banks and 3

financial imp

of any related

n forgiveness b

o encouraged t

aster in Bangla

ng operations s

t required by s

n post‐disastenal credit and d

inancial Devel Development

s leading finanrisis Bangladeof foreign curin the global fi

ing a healthy i

ential borrowe

ally, Banglade

markets throug

ost non‐existen

he size of the d

be able to pla

vate banks and

but with inter

er risk financin

k financing pr

ket

gulated by Ba

ions (FIs) and

‐owned devel

mmercial bank

3 merchant ban

plications in th

d losses. In the

by the Govern

to do the same

adesh are:

such as deferm

some of the fin

er period; examdeferment of l

lopment Repot Index, which

ncial systems ash was rankedrrency sovereiinancial marke

investment cli

ers. The two m

esh’s private se

gh the issue of

nt.

domestic mone

ay an effective

d Bangladesh

rnational reins

ng. The inform

roducts.

angladesh Bank

primary deale

opment banks

ks (55 branches

nks hold prim

he whole count

case of Bangla

nment of Bangl

e. Some of the

ment of loan re

nancial institut

mples can be sloan repaymen

ort by the Wor

h provides a scand capital ma

d 57, in terms oign risk it was et

imate in an eco

major sources o

ector has alwa

f shares is sma

ey market and

role in disaste

Bank further a

surance suppo

mal sector has t

k – the central

ers. There are

s (1,440 branch

s), and 56 mer

mary dealers lic

Final Repo

try as the coun

adesh, there a

ladesh, and th

e key issues rel

epayment, loa

tions;

een after the 1nt.

rld Economic Fcore and rank arkets, was 57 of local currenranked 50. Th

onomy is the a

of finance in a

ays depended

all whereas de

d capital mark

er risk financin

aggravates the

ort it could hav

the capacity to

l monetary au

currently 4 sta

hes), 38 privat

rchant banks (5

cense.


SF13-

ntry’s governm

are additional

he formal and

lating to the fi

an default, new

1998 flood that

Forum, Banglafor the breadtout of 62 counncy sovereign hese rankings

availability of

any country ar

on banks for f

ebt financing th

ket in Banglade

ng. The govern

e situation. Th

ve the financia

o provide supp

uthority – and

ate‐owned com

te commercial

56 branches). N


11049 FINAL REP 0

ment ultimate

implications a

the informal

inancial

w lending etc.;

t saw provisio

adesh’s overalth, depth, andntries. In termrating it was indicate a wea

financing faci

e the banks an

finance. Equit

hrough issuin

esh is neither l

nment’s heavy

he insurance se

al capacity to p

port services

is comprised o

mmercial bank

banks (3,454

Note that 12

er Risk A-8144)

149 051215

ly

as

on of

ll d ms of

ak

ility

nd the

ty

ng

large

y

ector

play a

of

ks

The only a

banks. The

The comm

Tr

Tr

C

co

is

C

un

Ba

an

As of 30 Ju

Ba

C

D

Le

Ba

Ba

N

R

N

Br

M

G

G

In

BD

8.2.1.1

Banglades

stability of

manageme

active seconda

ere is no secon

monly used mo

reasury bills: Dreasury Bills a

Commercial paorporation to rs traded in the Certificate of denions. ankers’ acceptnd guaranteed

une 2014, the i

ank rate: 5% Call money rateDeposit rate: 8.ending rate: 13ank deposits: ank loans and

Non‐performin

o State‐oo State‐oo Private

o Foreign

eserve money

Narrow money

road money (MMoney in circulGrowth of mon

Government boo From Bo From s

nflation rate: 7DT/USD exch

Banglades

sh Bank (BB) is

f the domestic

ent is related t

ary market is o

ndary market f

oney market in

Debt obligatioare issued in 3,apers: Commer

raise short‐termprimary mark

eposit: These a

tance: These ad by a bank to

mportant rate

e: 6.2% 1% 3.25% 5,396 billion Bd advances: 4,2ng loans: owned comme

owned develope commercial bn commercial y: 1,223.6 billioy (M1): 1,319.5 M2): 6,735.7 bilation: 805.2 bney supply: 11orrowing: Bangladesh Bastate‐owned an7.44% ange rate: 77.6

sh Bank

s the central ba

c economy and

to its environm

overnight‐call

for the treasur

nstruments in

ons of the Gov, 6, 12 and 24 mrcial papers arm cash, often ket. Opportunare time depos

re short‐term ensure payme

es that indicate

BDT (USD 69,5261.5 billion BD

ercial banks: 23pment financiabanks: 4.6% banks: 3.5%

on BDT (USD 1billion BDT (Uillion BDT (USillion BDT (US.61%

ank: 189 billionnd private com

63

ank of Bangla

d ensuring fina

mental and soc

money marke

ry bills.

Bangladesh a

ernment usedmonths. They re short‐term uto finance wo

nities for resalesits, commonl

credit investment.

e the capacity

509 Million) DT (USD 54,89

3.9% al institutions

15.8 billion) USD 17.0 billioSD 86.8 billionSD 10.4 billion

n BDT (USD 2mmercial bank

desh, which is

ancial sector s

cially responsi

Final Repo

et, which is pa

re:

d to finance fispay a set rateunsecured prorking capital re in the secondly issued by ba

ments created b

of Bangladesh

95 million)

: 26.8%

on) n) n)

2.4 billion) ks: 1,512.3 billi

s primarily res

stability. The r

ible central ba


SF13-

articipated by t

cal deficits. Bae at maturity. omissory noterequirements. dary market aranks, thrift ins

by a non‐finan

h’s money mar

ion BDT (USD

sponsible for m

ole of BB in di

anking approa


11049 FINAL REP 0

the commercia

angladesh Ban

s issued by a Commercial pre very limited

stitutions and

ncial organiza

rket are:

D 19.5 billion)

maintaining p

isaster

ach. It issued G

er Risk A-8144)

150 051215

al

nk

paper d. credit

tion

rice

Green

Banking P

Banking P

Managem

a refinance

green prod

Other than

indirect.

Direct invo

As a pione

Corporate

the fund. T

projects. T

Indirect inv

BB provid

rehabilitat

to ensure b

Green fina

channels f

BB has pol

environme

risk financ

reduction

does not a

bailouts fo

Collaborate

To close th

56 comme

fund for d

legal issue

arise becau

regulated

Within the

amounting

Policy covering

Policies at strat

ent Guideline

e scheme for r

ducts and sect

n this objective

olvement

eering initiativ

e Social Respon

This fund is ut

The fund is mo

volvement

ed capacity bu

tion (for instan

business conti

ancing require

funds to sector

licy and finan

ental conserva

ce strategy in t

or prevention

also have any m

or state‐owned

ed fund

he aforementio

rcial banks an

disaster manag

es relating to a

use essentially

by it are plann

e context of th

g, potentially,

g Green Finan

tegic level of b

s to banks and

reaching credit

tors. It has iden

e, BB’s direct i

ve, BB created

nsibility Fund

tilized for cap

odest but imm

uilding suppo

nce Sidr and R

inuity during d

ements for ban

rs that conserv

cing mechanis

ation. Notwith

the case of cata

n. BB does not

micro‐level co

d banks in time

oned gap relat

nd 31 non‐bank

gement and ca

all these instit

y the superviso

ned to work to

is collaborated

to 4.5 billion B

ce, Climate Ri

banks and Fina

d FIs for assess

t to beneficiary

ntified 47 gree

involvement w

a separate fun

’ in 2013‐14; 50

acity building

ediately availa

rt to fire servi

Rana Plaza coll

disasters.

nks and FIs set

ves environme

sm for sustain

hstanding thes

astrophes, nor

have the capa

mprehensive

e of crisis, wh

ted to the disa

k financial ins

pacity buildin

tutions being a

or of the bank

ogether in the

d fund, it is en

BDT (USD 64.

isk Fund, In‐ho

ancial Instituti

sing environm

y level throug

en products fo

with catastroph

nd named ‘Ban

0 million BDT

g in different d

able.

ces and civil d

lapse) as well

t by BB has bee

ent and reduce

able agricultu

se involvemen

r does it have

acity for any sp

initiatives. BB

ich is purely a

aster risk finan

titutions, has v

ng. The govern

able to work to

ing system (i.e

current institu

nvisaged that e

3 million), tha

Final Repo

ouse Environm

ions (FIs). BB i

mental risk in t

gh participator

or this scheme

hes is minima

ngladesh Bank

T from the ann

disaster manag

defense service

as to set policy

en contributin

es climate risk

ural and SME s

nts, BB does no

any particular

pecialized disa

B’s risk financin

an economic is

nce strategy, th

very recently

nmental layers

ogether aroun

e., Bangladesh

utional setting

each of 88 inst

at could be ma


SF13-

mental Manag

issued Environ

their credit po

ry FIs at lower

and also for b

al. Most of its i

k Disaster Man

nual profit of B

gement and so

es to provide s

y requirement

ng to disaster r

k.

sectors that als

ot have any pa

r product for d

aster risk finan

ng packages a

ssue.

he Bangladesh

established a

s are currently

nd this initiativ

h Bank) and th

g.

titutions depos

ade available f


11049 FINAL REP 0

gement and Gr

nmental Risk

ortfolio. BB has

r interest rate i

bank financing

involvement is

nagement and

BB is contribut

ocially respons

support in dis

ts for banks an

risk mitigation

so contributes

articular disast

disaster risk

ncing product

are related to

h Bank, along w

collaborated t

y trying to reso

ve. The legal is

he bank indust

sit 50 million B

for post‐disast

er Risk A-8144)

151 051215

reen

s also

in

g.

s

d

ted to

sible

saster

nd FIs

n as it

s to

ter

ts; it

with

trust

olve

ssues

try

BDT,

ter

response,

8.2.1.2

Banglades

loan disbu

BDT 5.6 bi

A major p

(NPL). The

the supply

policy of a

Although

concentrat

areas. One

way or ano

in the face

Performan

limited the

banks hav

serious iss

mobilizati

Most of th

creating an

alone cann

network th

private ba

Natural di

owned ban

factors in l

problems

The prima

interferenc

honest bor

disaster risk m

Financial

sh financial ma

ursements by b

illion, which is

roblem in Ban

e NPL problem

y side, it is lim

approving loan

there is a wid

ted in urban a

e of the major

other, banks, p

e of severe pro

nce of the gove

eir outreach, a

ve shown some

sues affecting t

on, reflecting

he government

nd monitoring

not measure th

hrough which

nks will not g

isasters and cl

nks, some of w

loan delinquen

arise from oth

ary problem is

ce. Loan write

rrowers. Politi

management a

Institution

arket is domin

banks and fina

s the amount r

ngladesh’s ban

m has several

miting the recyc

n applications

e area network

reas. Thus, the

problems in th

particularly th

blems.

ernment‐owne

and overwhelm

e improvemen

their performa

its orientation

t banks are ma

g the security o

he success of th

h they serve a l

o due to lack o

imatic risks ar

whose portfoli

ncies, especial

her sources.

in governanc

e‐offs and inter

ical pressure to

and capacity bu

ns

nated by a ban

ancial instituti

raised by new

nking sector is

damaging effe

cling of funds

which ultima

k of branches

ere is an inequ

he financial sy

he government

ed banks has b

ming arrears h

nt as a result o

ance. The gove

n towards cred

aking losses an

of financial tra

he governmen

large number

of profitability

re often used t

ios are concent

lly in the rural

e. Weak gover

rest remission

o oblige some

uilding.

nk‐based finan

ions stood at B

w share issues.

the accumula

ects starting w

and forcing ce

ately makes it

of state‐owne

uitable transfe

ystem of Bangl

t owned bank

been very poo

have made the

f important st

ernment bank

dit disburseme

nd are technic

ansactions is w

nt banks. Their

of farmers and

y.

to explain the

trated in crop

l areas, and ov

rnance has sub

ns have reward

privileged bo

Final Repo

ncing system. T

BDT 201 billion

ation of huge a

with sub‐optim

ertain banks t

difficult for ne

ed commercial

r of funds from

ladesh is the a

ks, are allowed

or. An inefficie

em unsustaina

teps in recent y

ks have failed t

ent rather than

cally insolvent

weak and ineff

r success lies i

d agribusiness

poor recovery

loans. Though

ver‐exposure t

bjected state‐o

ded delinquen

orrowers and e


SF13-

The amount of

n, roughly 36

amounts of no

mal utilization

o follow a ver

ew firms to ge

l banks in Ban

m the rural are

absence of an e

d to continue th

ent delivery m

able. Some of t

years. Howev

to appreciably

n financial inte

t. The institutio

ficient. Howev

in their huge r

s. They serve m

y by some of th

h natural disa

to any sector is

owned banks t

nt behavior an

external influe


11049 FINAL REP 0

f industrial ter

times higher t

on‐performing

of resources. O

ry conservative

et access to fin

ngladesh, lendi

eas to the urba

exit policy. In

heir operation

mechanism has

the state‐owne

er, there rema

y expand savin

ermediation.

onal framewo

ver, profit and

rural branch

many areas wh

he governmen

asters are signi

s risky, the

to severe polit

d punished th

ences in decisi

er Risk A-8144)

152 051215

rm‐

than

g loan

On

e

nance.

ing is

an

one

n even

ed

ain

ngs

rk for

d loss

here

nt

ificant

tical

he

ion‐

making ha

effective le

lending ba

agricultura

distorted t

incentives

manageme

The rural f

services. T

for short‐t

deposits. F

financing.2

Banglades

8.2.2 C

The capita

banking sy

in to supp

market. W

important

the source

efficient m

In Banglad

Securities

2014, there

mutual fun

BDT (USD

As of 30 Ju

these 232 a

6.1 million

Eleven com

20 The World

ave compound

egal and regul

anks and has s

al loans; it has

the allocation

, organization

ent and obsole

financial mark

There are very

erm. They pro

Further, most 20

sh money mark

Capital Mar

al market main

ystem cannot

lement it. Com

Well‐functionin

factors for a h

e of external fu

mechanisms for

desh, the gove

and Exchange

e were 536 list

nds, 8 debentu

D 13.3 billion) a

une 2014, the t

are companies

n) and market

mpanies with

d Bank, 2009; Ban

ded existing sc

latory framew

suppressed fin

s limited the ab

of funds. Othe

nal and structu

ete financial se

kets in Banglad

limited saving

ovide a limited

government o

ket may not b

rket

nly refers to sh

completely me

mpanies and th

ng capital mark

healthy econom

unds for corpo

r financing the

ernment regula

e Commission

ted securities a

ures, 221 treas

and market ca

total number o

s, 41 are mutua

capitalization

IPO amountin

ngladesh Rural F

creening and e

work to enforce

nancial innova

bility of the go

er problems in

ural weaknesse

ervices and pr

desh are fragm

gs services ava

d range of serv

owned banks c

e able to play

hare market, st

eet the need fo

he governmen

kets including

my. The impo

orate investme

e private secto

ates the securi

n (BSEC); new

at the Dhaka S

sury bonds, an

apitalization w

of listed securi

al funds, 3 deb

n was 2,286.7 b

ng to 10.5 billio

Finance

enforcement p

e contracts and

ation. The third

overnment ow

nclude lack of

es, poor mana

roducts.

mented and in

ailable in rura

vices; most no

currently cann

an effective ro

tock market, a

or funding in t

nt can raise fun

g equity and co

rtance of the c

nt but it also e

or. Investment

ities traded on

issues are app

Stock Exchang

nd 3 corporate

was 2,943.2 bill

ities at Chittag

bentures. Tota

billion BDT (U

on BDT (USD

Final Repo

problems. The

d recover loan

d major issue

wned agricultu

appropriate e

agement system

nadequate to m

al areas and cr

tably they do

not function w

ole in disaster

and the bond m

the market eco

nds for long‐te

orporate debt

capital market

ensures a susta

t and economi

n the capital m

proved and reg

ge (DSE). Of th

bonds. Total i

lion BDT (USD

gong Stock Exc

al issued Capit

SD 29.5 billion

0.135 billion)


SF13-

second proble

ns. This has ha

is the interest

ure banks to co

employee and

ms, poor hum

meet the deman

redit are essent

not actively so

without subsidy

risk financing

market of the c

onomy, the ca

erm investmen

markets are o

t lies in the fac

ainable flow o

ic growth are h

market through

gulated by BS

hese 263 are co

issued capital

D 37.9 billion).

change (CSE)

tal was 470.7 b

n).

and one mutu


11049 FINAL REP 0

em is the lack

andicapped the

rate ceiling fo

over their cost

borrower

man resource

nd for financi

tially available

olicit voluntar

y elements in

g.

country. When

apital market s

nts via the cap

one of the mos

ct that it is not

of funds and

highly correla

h the Banglade

SEC. As of 30 J

ompanies, 41 a

was 1,032.1 b

stood at 276. O

billion BDT (U

ual fund with

er Risk A-8144)

153 051215

of an

e

or

ts and

al

e only

ry

their

n the

steps

pital

t

only

ted.

esh

une

are

billion

Of

USD

fund

amounting

The capita

stock exch

subsequen

not recove

inflation a

for comme

Regulatory

registratio

governanc

and Intern

The standa

very poor.

as politica

The cultur

However,

due to a la

long‐term

efficient as

sector.

There is a

raising equ

do not feel

unconnect

feels more

markets is

perception

from the s

fundamen

specific fu

momentum

Sharehold

g to 1.0 billion

al market in Ba

hanges after th

ntly, it crashed

ered fully since

and started mo

ercial banks po

y reforms intr

on and transfer

ce on complian

net will also pl

ards of corpor

. The regulator

l uncertainties

re of indirect fi

relying exclus

ack of diversifi

and lumpy in

s the cost of ca

dearth of good

uity capital by

l comfortable

ted to the chan

e comfortable i

s a matter of co

n that high vol

hare market. T

ntals. Investors

undamentals. T

m and join the

ders in the capi

n BDT (USD 0.

angladesh has

he share marke

d once again in

e then. In late

onetary tighten

ossibly trigger

oduced by the

r of securities,

nce basis migh

lay a transform

rate governanc

rs lack author

s, weak institu

inancing throu

sively on this

ication in the s

nvestments. Di

apital is marke

d shares in the

y issuing share

in investing in

nges in the eco

in saving with

oncern for inv

latility can lea

The capital ma

s make decisio

The market is s

e bandwagon o

ital market are

013 billion) we

remained ext

et disaster of 1

n late 2010; the

2010, Banglad

ning. Banglade

red the collaps

e regulators, su

simplification

ht help to rega

mational role in

ce and financi

ity and human

utions, corrupt

ugh banks is f

single source f

sources of fun

irect financing

et determined

e capital mark

es or for borro

n the capital m

onomy or earn

h banks in fixe

estors, regulat

d to a general

arket is extrem

ons based on r

still dominate

only when the

e either individ

ere listed in th

tremely depres

996. Though t

e market was m

desh Bank beca

esh Bank’s dec

se of the capita

uch as introdu

n of rules and

ain previous le

n this connect

al disclosures

n resources. Fr

tion and lack o

airly deep‐ roo

for access to c

nds. Bank‐ base

g through capi

and it insulate

ket. Issuers do

wing funds by

market instrum

ning forecasts b

d deposit and

tors and broke

erosion of inv

mely inefficien

umors in mos

d by unsophis

e market show

dual sharehold

Final Repo

he stock excha

ssed due to m

the market reg

massively ove

ame concerne

cision to incre

al market.

uction of autom

regulations, a

evels. The prol

tion.

of the listed c

rom a macro p

of infrastructu

oted for corpo

apital can be p

ed financing s

ital markets is

es borrowers f

not use the fu

y issuing corp

ments due to u

by the leading

d saving accou

erage firms. Th

vestors’ confid

nt and is driven

st of the cases i

sticated retail

ws a sustained

ders or institu


SF13-

ange in the fina

mass exodus of

gained some o

ervalued befor

d about the do

ease cash reser

mated trading

and guidelines

liferation of te

companies in B

perspective, th

ure.

orate borrower

problematic in

system alone c

s supposed to b

from turmoil i

ull potential of

porate bonds. M

unreasonable u

g companies. T

unts. The volat

his concern ce

dence and flow

n more by spe

instead of ana

investors that

bullish trend.

utional shareho


11049 FINAL REP 0

ancial year 201

investors from

of its momentu

re the crash an

ouble‐digit

rve requiremen

g through elect

s on corporate

elecommunica

Bangladesh ar

here are issues

rs in Banglade

n terms of liqu

cannot finance

be relatively m

in the banking

f the market fo

Moreover, sav

ups and down

The public rath

tility in share

enters on the

w of capital aw

eculation than

alyzing compa

t are driven by

.

olders. Institu

er Risk A-8144)

154 051215

13‐14.

m the

um

nd has

nts

tronic

ation

re

s such

esh.

uidity

e all

more

g

or

vers

s,

her

way

any

y

utional

shareholde

important

serious sh

different c

banks, insu

saving sch

Institution

on the ave

not have a

Institution

stability in

stronger th

institution

Banglades

both absol

Most of th

pension fu

it may be s

insignifica

The growt

institution

An import

investmen

participati

held by fo

Banglades

Clearing, s

activating

friendly an

entice fore

21 Syeda See

ers are mainly

role in develo

ortages of inst

categories – the

urance compa

hemes, postal l

nal Investment

erage 14.7% in

any institution

nal investment

n the market. T

han the indivi

nal investor is

sh capital mark

lute and perce

he institutional

unds is very lim

some time bef

ant in size and

th of institutio

nal shareholde

tant class of in

nt amount is ve

ing in Banglad

reign investor

shis in the capi

settlement and

Over‐The‐Cou

nd uninterrup

eign portfolio i

ma Mahbub, 201

y different typ

oping and stab

titutional inve

e Investment C

anies, leasing c

life insurance,

t in Banglades

stitutional sha

nal shareholder

t brings long‐t

They are more

dual sharehol

also expected

ket missed thi

entage terms.

l investors in B

mited. The ins

fore it can take

they almost a

onal investmen

rs can hamper

nvestors that is

ery small and

desh’s stock m

rs as of 30 June

ital market. Po

d depository s

unter (OTC) m

pted online tra

investment. Po

14; Institutional S

es of business

bilizing the cap

estors. The inst

Corporation o

companies, no

co‐operative

sh is negligible

areholding in t

rs in their shar

term commitm

e knowledgeab

ders in protec

to ensure bett

s source of eff

Bangladesh ar

surance indust

e a dominant r

always invest i

nts in capital m

r the overall d

s absent from B

sometimes ne

market. Only 1.

e 2014. In addi

oor market inf

ystem must be

market, reduci

ding system, c

olitical instabi

Shareholders in B

or non‐busine

pital market b

titutional inve

of Bangladesh,

on‐banking fin

mortgage land

e. As of 30 Jun

their share cap

re capital.

ment and great

ble compared

cting their own

ter valuation le

ficiency gains

re banks. Inves

try is still sma

role as an insti

in bank depos

market has bee

development o

Bangladesh’s

egative. Nume

4% of total ou

ition, there isn

frastructure al

e developed fu

ing settlement

creating reliab

ility also sends

Bangladesh

Final Repo

ess organizati

but the capital

estors in Bangl

, Bangladesh D

nancial institut

d banks, empl

ne 2014, the com

pital; out of 26

ter focus on th

to individual

n interest. Furt

evels due to th

as institutiona

stment by the

all and is at a n

itutional inves

sits and govern

en far below th

of the capital m

stock market

erous impedim

utstanding sha

n’t a strong pre

lso discourage

urther and rei

t and clearing

ble credit ratin

s a negative si


SF13-

ions. These inv

market of Ban

ladesh’s capita

Development B

tions, pension

loyee insuranc

mpanies listed

63 companies,

he fundamenta

shareholders

thermore, the

heir special an

al investment

insurance com

nascent stage o

stor. The pensi

nment bonds.

he expectation

market.21

is foreign inve

ments discoura

ares of the liste

esence of non‐

es foreign inve

inforced. Issue

time, introduc

ng culture, etc.

ignal to foreig


11049 FINAL REP 0

vestors play a

ngladesh is fac

al market are o

Bank, schedul

funds, postal

ce funds etc.

d in the DSE h

30 companies

als and, hence,

and are financ

presence of

nalytical skills

is very small i

mpanies and

of developmen

ion funds are

n. The shortage

estors. Net for

age them from

ed companies

‐resident

estors to invest

es such as

cing more use

are required t

n investors an

er Risk A-8144)

155 051215

very

cing

of

led

have

s did

,

cially

.

in

nt and

e of

reign

m

was

t.

r‐

to

nd

acts as a p

Corporate

market in

corporate

interest ra

rates deter

market. Th

corporate

unattractiv

Banglades

investmen

8.2.3 In

Disasters h

income ho

risky but h

country lik

through ri

According

insurance

insurance

Banglades

(general in

insurance

microinsu

insurance

of them. M

Sadharan

insurance

and the re

22 Prashanta23 Ibid

sychological d

e bonds can act

Bangladesh is

bond market.

tes, and banks

r public borrow

he lack of know

bond market r

ve.23

sh capital mark

nt climate in th

nsurance S

have two majo

ouseholds (LIH

higher return a

ke Bangladesh

isk transfer me

g to the 2012 SI

activity relativ

premium inco

sh insurance m

nsurance) and

companies als

rance. The mi

– both are pilo

Multinational d

Bima Corpora

market of Ban

maining 50 pe

K Banarjee and

deterrent to fo

t as a complem

s almost non‐e

The governm

s offer quite hi

wings by the c

wledge‐based

remaining ina

ket is still not

he country and

Sector

or consequenc

Hs); (ii) the LIH

activities. The

h, mechanisms

echanisms. On

IGMA Report

ve to the size o

ome) was only

market is domi

Jibon Bima C

so operate in t

croinsurance p

ot projects lau

donors are sub

ation (SBC) ha

ngladesh. By la

ercent may be

Md. Mohiuddin

reign investor

mentary sourc

existent. The h

ment borrows h

igh interest ra

corporate bodi

d trading, even

active. The lack

broad or deep

d may not be a

ces: (i) the seve

Hs may becom

refore, to prev

s should be in

ne of the optio

, Bangladesh’s

of the econom

y 5.5 USD; both

inated by two

orporation (lif

this market an

products offer

unched around

bsidizing both

s a market sha

aw SBC is enti

placed with o

Siddiqui, 2010; I

rs.22

e of financing

high interest ra

heavily throug

tes in competi

ies, thereby th

n for governme

k of innovativ

p enough to pl

able to play an

ere effect of sh

me more risk a

vent sharp incr

place to mitig

ons is insuranc

s Insurance pe

my, was 0.8 per

h ratios are am

state‐owned c

fe insurance).

nd 12 life insur

red by the gen

d two years ag

h projects.

are of over 20%

itled to 50 per

other insurers

Investment Clima

Final Repo

g to bank finan

ate in the mone

gh various nati

ition with gov

hwarting the d

ent bonds, is a

e products ha

lay a decisive r

n active role in

hocks accentua

averse and unw

reases in pove

gate the possib

ce.

enetration, wh

rcent and insu

mongst the low

corporations –

A total of 31 p

rers and 2 gene

neral insurance

go and sufficie

% of the total p

cent of public

in the country

te in Bangladesh:


SF13-

ncing but the c

ey market is a

ional savings

vernment secu

development o

an important r

as also kept the

role in creatin

n disaster risk

ates the povert

willing (or una

erty following

ble financial an

hich measures

urance density

west globally.

– Sadharan Bim

private life and

eral insurers o

e companies a

ent data is not

premium inco

sector busine

y. In practice, w

Enhanced Role of


11049 FINAL REP 0

corporate bond

a barrier to the

schemes at hig

urities. High in

of a corporate b

reason for the

e market

ng a friendly

financing.

ty of the low‐

able) to engag

a disaster in a

nd societal imp

the level of

(per capita

ma Corporatio

d 46 private ge

offer

are health and

available on e

ome of the

ess in Banglade

with agreemen

f the Capital Marke

er Risk A-8144)

156 051215

d

e

gh

nterest

bond

ge in

a

pacts

on

eneral

flood

either

esh

nt of

et

the Insura

business is

companies

be placed

2012, the t

The insura

shares of p

sector has

main focu

individual

products b

people wit

and one fl

low‐incom

The Bangl

period 200

population

during the

insurance

premiums

However,

Banglades

insurance

All the ins

that there

the growth

situations

instability

Religious

the popul

would be

nce Associatio

s distributed a

s are required

with any reins

total premium

ance market is

private insuran

concentrated

s. There is ver

l in Banglades

but insurance

th high net‐wo

ood insurance

me households

adeshi insuran

08–2012, suppo

n. The loss rat

e review perio

industry, espe

s during the re

a vast majorit

sh. This has res

and a great nu

surance compa

is better scope

h of insurance

often arise du

and inconsist

attitude of the

ation believes

sin to buy insu

on of Banglade

among all the p

by law to plac

surers of their

income in the

s highly compe

nce companies

in the urban b

ry little culture

sh. Some of the

coverage for p

orth have take

e), none of the

s.

nce industry in

orted primaril

ios in all three

od were low. T

ecially in the l

eview period.

ty of the popu

sulted in lack

umber of peop

anies are locat

e for business

e business in th

ue to this and c

tency of politic

e people also s

s insurance is

urance.

esh, SBC unde

private genera

ce 50 percent o

r choice. Accor

e country amo

etitive, with fi

s, and the incr

business only,

e of insuring b

e insurance co

private homes

en out such ins

non‐life insur

ncreased at a c

ly by the life in

e insurance seg

The large popu

ife segment, w

lation, especia

of awareness

ple believe tha

ted in urban ar

in urban areas

he country. Po

causes obstacle

cal courses are

stands against

prohibited in

erwrites all the

al insurance co

of their reinsu

rding to Bangl

ounted to BDT

ierce competiti

reasing level o

with corporat

building, conte

ompanies offer

(building insu

surance. Excep

rance provider

compound an

nsurance segm

gments – life, n

ulation will con

which accounte

ally in rural ar

among the pe

at insurance is

reas with a few

s. This “centra

olitical instabil

e to all busine

e serious probl

t development

n Islam and th

Final Repo

e public sector

ompanies equ

urance busines

ladesh Insuran

T 81.9 billion (U

ion in the non

of risk being re

te insurance an

ents, personal

r personal acci

urance) and co

pt for two pilo

rs offer any pr

nnual growth r

ment (16.4%), d

non‐life and p

ntinue to be a

ed for a 76.9%

reas, is left out

eople. People a

an unnecessa

w branches in

alization policy

lity is also a m

esses including

lems for the in

t of the insura

hat the future


SF13-

r business and

ually. All priva

ss with SBC; ot

nce Associatio

USD 1.1 billion

n‐life segment,

etained by insu

nd auto insur

accident or he

ident or health

ontents is alm

ot projects (on

roducts for the

rate (CAGR) o

driven by the

personal accid

key growth d

% share of gros

tside the insur

are not aware

ary expenditur

rural areas on

y” has acted a

major problem;

g insurance bu

nsurance secto

ance sector. A

e is in the han


11049 FINAL REP 0

d 50 percent of

ate insurance

ther 50 percen

on’s Annual Re

n).

, the rising ma

urers. The non

ance being the

ealth by a priv

h insurance

most nil. Only a

e health insur

e urban or rur

of 16.0% durin

country’s larg

ent and health

driver for the

ss written

rance coverage

of benefits fro

re.

n the assumpti

as an obstructi

; many disrup

usiness. Politic

or.

large percent

nds of Allah

er Risk A-8144)

157 051215

f that

nt can

eport

arket

n‐life

eir

vate

a few

ance

al

ng the

ge

h –

e in

om

ion

ion for

tive

cal

tage of

and it

There is a

trained cl

provided b

and does n

considerab

also fails t

Claims ma

of either to

There is a

companies

Partly due

of high ma

savings m

market is g

There is a

has not tri

is no attem

individual

The low li

leads one t

rationally

Low dema

underestim

drastically

insurance

in the near

Lack of fai

Banglades

potential c

poor. This

Lack of str

practices l

by the life

shortage of t

laims‐adjuster

by Bangladesh

not produce a

ble poaching

o attract the to

anagement is

o delay the pa

dearth of new

s seem to copy

e to fall in mon

anagement exp

edium to the g

getting satura

lack of cooper

ed to promote

mpt to raise ins

lly and no one

teracy level is

to think that th

because they

and for insuran

mation of risks

y different deg

can also resul

r future, thus l

ith is one of th

sh. At one side

customers are

s feeling of dis

rict supervisio

ike under‐cutt

insurers etc. T

rained profess

rs, innovative

h Insurance A

adequate num

of trained per

op quality fres

defective. Insu

yment or to re

w products in

y each other’s

ney value and

penses and low

general public

ted gradually.

ration amongs

e cooperation w

surance aware

e is promoting

another facto

he insurance i

do not know w

nce in the cou

s, false sense o

grees of risk aw

lt from the unw

leading to adv

he fundamenta

e, insurance bu

dubious abou

trust is very in

on by the regul

ting tariff rate

This does not o

sionals in the

‐product dev

Academy, the

ber of trained

rsonnel amon

sh graduates to

urance compa

epudiate claim

n the market. V

products.

partly for the

w investment

c. Less and less

.

st the insuranc

within the ind

eness as a who

g the insurance

r that adverse

is deception an

what insuranc

untry can also b

of security, and

wareness and e

willingness of

verse selection

al reasons for w

usiness is not w

ut its service. P

ntense in the c

lator has enco

s by general in

only destroy t

country; the

velopers and

only training

d professionals

gst the compa

o join this sect

anies create ob

ms.

Very little inv

reason of nil o

return, life ins

s people are in

ce companies.

dustry. Each co

ole. In other w

e industry as a

ely affects the m

nd it has no va

ce is and what

be attributed t

d myopic visio

estimates of ri

the public to

n problem.

which insuran

well known to

Public image a

case of life insu

uraged many

nsurance comp

he reputation

Final Repo

insurance ind

qualified act

institute in th

s required by

anies competi

tor.

bstacle in the c

vestment is ma

or low bonus

surance has ce

nterested in lif

The Banglade

ompany prom

words, each com

a whole.

marketing of i

alue in daily li

its importanc

to lack of awa

on toward the

isk hazard. In

purchase insu

nce business d

o the general p

about services

urance compa

insurance com

panies, creatin

of insurance c


SF13-

dustry lacks sk

tuaries. The

he country, is

the industry.

ing in the ma

claims process

ade in produc

additions to th

eased to look a

fe insurance an

esh Insurance

motes its own p

mpany is mark

insurance. Lac

ife. Such peop

ce as security f

areness, includ

e future. Peopl

addition, lack

urance unless l

does not have a

people and on

of insurance c

anies.

mpanies to fol

ng obstacles in

companies bu


11049 FINAL REP 0

killed underw

quality of tra

s not very exte

As a result, th

arket. The ind

s with the inte

ct developmen

he policy as a

as an attractiv

nd the urban

Association al

product, and t

keting itself

ck of education

ple cannot thin

for the future i

ding

le at risk can h

k of private sec

losses are expe

a strong positi

the other side

companies is v

llow unethical

n claims proce

ut also creates

er Risk A-8144)

158 051215

writers,

aining

ensive

here is

dustry

ention

nt and

result

ve

lso

there

n

nk

is.

have

ctor

ected

ion in

e the

very

l

edures

negative im

lack traine

insurance

There hav

tools that p

microfinan

increasing

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reducing i

manageme

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providing

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providing

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microcred

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program in

SEWA offe

While mos

in respons

weather ri

using rive

Index‐base

settlement

schemes h

There is a

General In

is for the p

levels of p

project wa

Developm

mpact in the m

ed personnel a

companies in

e been recent

promote resili

nce, social fun

g access to fina

nancing tools c

impacts and lo

ent. This chap

urance has eme

access to post

he poor to pro

immediate liq

ast several yea

sks. As a start

it loans so tha

ter. There are

n India, which

ers the insuran

st microinsura

ses to specific l

isks for crops u

rbed water lev

ed schemes ar

t of claims. Low

have the poten

“Meso‐level”

nsurance, PKSF

peak flood per

payout depend

as launched in

ment and Coop

mind of the pe

and even after

the country.

developments

ience and redu

nds, microinsu

ancing for disa

can help the po

osses of disaste

pter looks at m

erged as a pote

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otect their inve

quidity to the

ars a number m

ing point man

at borrowers (a

also examples

h allows its me

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ance schemes h

losses, new in

using precipit

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w transaction

ntial to provide

index‐based f

F, Manab Muk

riod (16 Augus

ding on the flo

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peration (SDC)

eople about ins

5 years of exis

s to improve a

uce financial lo

rance, and cat

aster risk mana

oor to break th

er shocks, and

microinsurance

ential solution

ncial resource

estment and re

poor, microin

microinsuranc

ny microfinanc

and the MFIs)

s of bundling w

embers to save

ship with a re

have used trad

dex‐based sch

ation levels, co

cal trigger. Thi

more transpar

costs can subs

e an option for

flood insuranc

kti Sangstha (a

st to 30 Septem

od water leve

ers 1,661 hous

). The insurers

surance in gen

stence it is not

access among p

osses and suff

tastrophe pool

agement eithe

he poverty cyc

d providing res

as an option.

n for extending

s in a relativel

etain their fina

surance is also

ce schemes hav

ce institutions

will not be stu

with savings p

e for insurance

gulated insure

ditional indem

hemes have als

over livestock

is type of insu

rent than tradi

stantially redu

r DRF.

ce being pilote

an NGO) and

mber) and max

l and the num

seholds. The p

s have made a

Final Repo

neral. The regu

t able to fully m

poor and vuln

fering due to d

ls – have gene

er at household

cle by protecti

sources for dis

g insurance co

ly fast, reliable

ancial gains in

o seen as prom

ve also been d

(MFIs) have b

uck with the d

programs, such

e through fixe

er that underw

mnity insuranc

so emerged. S

k using temper

urance is also c

itional insuran

uce the premiu

ed in Sirajganj

Swiss Re (re‐i

ximum payou

mber of days th

premium is pai

payout in 201


SF13-

ulator’s office

monitor the op

nerable commu

disasters. Four

erated great in

d, community

ing their devel

saster prevent

overage in poo

e and predicta

n the face of di

moting dignity

developed or e

begun to offer

debt if their bu

h as SEWA’s m

ed deposits in

writes the poli

ce, which pays

o far these mo

rature level or

called paramet

nce and elimin

um. Index‐bas

area by OXFA

insurers). The

ut is 8,000 BDT

he water level

id by Swiss A

14 but details a


11049 FINAL REP 0

is understaffe

perations of al

unities to finan

r tools – that is

nterest for use i

y, or national le

lopment gains

tion and risk

or communitie

able manner an

isasters. By

y and self‐relia

extended to co

r insurance on

usiness is dam

microinsuranc

savings accou

icy.

s insurance cla

ost often cover

r cover flood ri

tric insurance.

nate the length

sed insurance

AM, Pragati

insurance cov

T. There are fou

remains high.

gency for

are not availab

er Risk A-8144)

159 051215

ed,

ll the

ncing

s,

in

evels.

s,

es –

nd

ance.

over

maged

ce

unts.

aims

r

isks,

.

hy

verage

ur

. The

ble.

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organizati

Other than

insurers in

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product a

need to be

could be h

layer wher

held by eit

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

The Gover

reinsurers

8.2.4 In

The poten

and Coope

rapid grow

clients in c

forgivenes

organizati

better flow

build socia

can also pr

Microcred

1976 and w

number of

BRAC, Gr

24 Thiagu Ra

er index‐based

ions. No insur

n the above, no

n Bangladesh.

ny risks faced

her risks, it affe

unique propo

e adopted; the

handled by sav

re the insuran

ther of the foll

The internaThe sophisThe multila

rnment can pl

.24

nformal Se

tially construc

erative) can pl

wth that has oc

coping with th

ss, reschedulin

ions can also h

w of informatio

al capital as ex

rovide explicit

dit in Banglade

was then form

f microfinance

ameen Bank, a

anganathan; Micr

d projects/prod

rance compan

o catastrophic

by rural comm

ects the comm

osition. In desi

risks could be

vings and cred

ce companies

lowing entities

ational reinsurticated capitalateral agencies

ay any of the r

ector

ctive role micr

lay and their v

ccurred in mic

he impact of ca

ng of loan, asse

help improve t

on among thei

xpressed in sp

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esh was pionee

malized in 1983

e institutions (

and Proshika.

rofinance Insight

ducts are bein

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c insurance/mi

munities globa

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gning any dis

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dit by the comm

hold the risk,

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rance markets

l markets s or the Gover

roles in this st

rofinance insti

vulnerability in

crocredit. Thes

atastrophes. Th

et replacemen

targeting of re

ir members. A

ecific mitigati

insurance to t

ered by the Gr

3 as a public in

MFIs), particu

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ng piloted/expe

ed in these pro

icroinsurance

ally, the risk o

the board. Thi

aster insuranc

three layers ‐

munities itself

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rnment or thro

ructure. It cou

tutions (financ

n a disaster ar

se organizatio

he services inc

nt, housing loa

lief programs

Another impor

on measures i

the household

rameen Bank,

nstitution. Sinc

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Against Disaster:

Final Repo

erimented by

ojects/product

schemes/prod

of disaster is p

is makes desig

ce product, inn

(a) the base la

f, (b) the next

layer is the ca

ough a pool cr

uld be the clien

cial non‐gover

re important is

ons offer a num

clude provisio

ans, and loans

through their

rtant feature of

in time of disa

ds in disaster‐p

which began

ce then, there h

nt years. Famou

: Innovating Desig


SF13-

donors/intern

ts.

ducts are being

peculiar in that

gning a disaste

novations like

ayer is a self‐re

layer is the ma

tastrophe laye

reated by insur

nts, the insure

rnmental orga

ssues, particul

mber of service

on of temporar

for starting ne

r microfinance

f microfinance

aster. NGOs an

prone areas.

operations on

has been rapid

us names in th

gn and Implement


11049 FINAL REP 0

national

g offered by an

t it is systemic

er risk insuran

e risk‐layering

etention layer

arket risk‐tran

er which shou

rers.

ers or the

anizations (NG

larly in view o

es, which can

ry loans, loan

ew activities. T

e networks and

e is its capacity

nd Cooperativ

n a project basi

d growth in th

his sector are A

tation

er Risk A-8144)

160 051215

ny

c.

nce

may

that

nsfer

ld be

GOs)

of the

help

The

d

y to

ves

is in

he

ASA,

Currently

have over

As of May

billion (US

deposits in

Disasters c

million me

funded thr

billion (US

After the 1

(USD 64.40

were given

considered

240,000 fam

amount w

rice in the

rehabilitat

interest‐fre

386,500) fo

8.2.4.1

Many MFI

alleviate th

case of cat

risks. Mult

household

household

disasters a

microfinan

empowerm

expressed

25 MRA web26 Grameen B27 BRAC Ann28 PROSHIK

there are 742

26.4 million m

y 2014, loans am

SD 1.2 billion)

n excess of BD

can have a pro

embers of Gra

rough loans w

SD 12.9 million

1998 floods, th

0) again, if the

n BDT 2,500 (U

d for the housi

milies for hou

would be mostl

open market

tion program w

ee loan of 500

or rice, vegetab

MFIs and

Is/NGOs play

he burden of t

tastrophes. In

tiplicity of inc

ds in dealing w

ds. Some of the

are loan forgiv

nce networks,

ment of wome

in specific mi

bsite May 2014 Bank Annual Renual 1998

KA Annual Repor

financial NGO

members and 1

mounted to BD

. The total num

DT 29.4 billion

ofound impact

ameen Bank w

were destroyed

n) loan from B

he Grameen Ba

eir houses suff

USD 32.20) tow

ing loan were

sing to supple

ly used to buy

and sold it at

worth 50 milli

BDT each (US

bles and winte

NGOs

important rol

the central gov

addition to red

come‐earning o

with disasters b

e other attribu

veness in the a

better flow of

en. An importa

tigation measu

port 1998

rt 1998

Os registered w

19.7 million bo

DT 257.01 billi

mber of coope

(USD 378.3 m

t on microcred

were affected, o

d and Grameen

Bangladesh Ba

ank members w

fered damages

wards the sam

given a fresh

ement people s

y construction

subsidized rat

ion BDT throu

SD 6.44). It als

er crop cultiva

les in disaster

vernment and

ducing househ

opportunities

better. Microfi

utes of microfin

reas affected b

f information a

ant feature of m

ures.

with the Micro

orrowers, serv

ion (USD 3.3 b

eratives was 16

million).25

dit operations.

of which 0.8 m

n Bank faced s

ank to cope wit

who received

s. Those memb

me. Other mem

loan to recons

s efforts in rep

or repairing m

tes to group m

ugh which 100,

o supported a

ation.28

management

improve peop

hold‐level life

and asset buil

inance also pr

nance, which a

by disasters, b

among the clie

microfinance i

Final Repo

o Credit Regul

viced by 110,73

billion) and sa

64,536 with ov

. For example,

million were se

severe liquidit

th the after eff

housing loan

bers who did n

mbers whose h

struct their ho

pairing and reb

materials.27 The

members The P

,000 affected f

a credit progra

in the Banglad

ple’s access to

cycle risks, m

lding through

rovides explici

are very helpf

better targeting

entele of micro

is its capacity


SF13-

latory Author

34 staff throug

avings amount

ver 8.6 million

, during the 19

riously affecte

ty issue and h

fects.26

before were g

not get housin

houses were de

ouses. BRAC e

building hom

e BRAC purch

Proshika took

families would

am of BDT 30 m

deshi context.

the means of

microfinance al

h microfinance

it and implicit

ful in dealing w

g of relief prog

ofinance organ

to build socia


11049 FINAL REP 0

ity. The NGOs

gh 14,674 bran

ted to BDT 94

members and

998 floods, 1.2

ed. Activities

had to take BDT

given BDT 5,00

ng loans befor

estroyed but w

xtended loans

es. The loan

hased 364 tons

up an emerge

d be provided

million (USD

Their activitie

livelihood in t

lso reduces dis

e help poor

t insurance to t

with large‐sca

grams through

nizations, and

al capital as

er Risk A-8144)

161 051215

s

nches.

d

T 1.0

00

e

were

s to

s of

ency

an

es

the

saster

the

ale

h

d

At the inst

impact of n

payment,

services at

inherent in

a valuable

Important

Banglades

provides t

manageme

As an exam

A non‐pro

developm

through p

through P

related to

branches.

(approxim

promoting

nutshell, P

approache

program s

8.2.4.2

The role o

during the

were overw

Banglades

ensure tha

immediate

members t

repaymen

members a

29 Geetha Na

titutional level

natural disaste

asset replacem

t different stag

n microfinance

e partner in an

t MFIs/NGOs i

sh NGO Found

the NGOs with

ent.

mple of the wa

ofit organisatio

ent agency, i.e

artner organiz

artner Organi

alleviate pove

The POs inclu

mately 55 millio

g microfinance

PKSF provides

ed the governm

since the netw

MFIs, NGO

f MFIs/NGOs

e 1998 floods. T

whelming. Th

sh responded t

at weekly cont

e interest‐free

to withdraw th

nts on their exi

address their i

agarajan, 1998; M

l, MFIs/NGOs

ers. These serv

ment and hous

ges of post‐dis

e enables it to

ny disaster‐man

in Bangladesh

dation, Social

h financial sup

ay in which M

on established

e., a second‐tie

zations (POs).

sations (POs),

erty. It is engag

ude Grameen B

on people). Its

e. PKSF has pl

s financial and

ment and the i

ork of its POs

Os and PK

in responding

The damages

heir income ge

to the unprece

tacts with all m

consumption

heir savings, r

sting loans. Th

immediate rel

Microfinance in the

s offer a numb

vices include p

sing loans, and

aster rehabilit

serve a wide r

nagement sch

h include, but n

Development

pport by grant

MFIs/NGOs can

d by the Gover

er organization

PKSF has thre

(b) institution

ged with 200 P

Bank, BRAC, P

s main objectiv

layed key roles

d technical sup

international d

offer a solid in

KSF Involve

g to disaster ri

to the standin

nerating activ

edented situat

members were

loans so that t

reschedule the

hey provided

ief and consum

e wake of Natural

er of services,

provision of te

d loans for star

tation: relief, re

range of rehab

heme.29

not limited to,

Foundation, a

ting funds, and

n be helpful in

nment of Bang

n, which does

ee programs –

nal developme

POs spread th

Proshika, and

ves include cre

s in shaping th

pport to poor a

donor agencie

nstitutional ba

ement with

isks was demo

ng crops, livest

vities were alm

ion of floods.

e maintained. T

the members w

e loan repayme

quick emergen

mption needs.

Disasters: Challen

Final Repo

which can he

emporary loan

rting new acti

ecovery and r

bilitation need

, PKSF (Palli K

and so on. Typ

d NGOS use s

n disaster man

gladesh in 199

not work with

– (a) microcred

ent program fo

hroughout the

ASA. PKSF se

eating employ

he microfinan

and ultra‐poor

es to involve it

ase to working

h Disaster

onstrated very

tock and hous

most suspende

The MFI/NGO

They carried m

would not go

ents, permitte

ncy loans, ofte

. A number of

nges and Opportun


SF13-

elp clients in co

ns, re‐scheduli

ivities. MFIs/N

reconstruction

ds after a disas

Karma‐Sahaya

pically the cen

some of the fu

nagement, take

90, PKSF is an

th the poor dir

dit for the poor

or POs, and (c

country with

erves 11 millio

yment, helping

nce operated by

r through part

ts POs in the fl

g the remote a

Manageme

y successfully i

ses of the rural

d. All the MFI

O workers wen

money with th

hungry. They

ed the member

en small in siz

f MFIs/NGOs

nities


11049 FINAL REP 0

oping with the

ing of loan

NGOs provide

n. The flexibilit

ster and make

ak Foundation

ntral governme

nds for disaste

e the case of P

apex funding

rectly, but indi

r implemented

c) research pro

several thousa

on households

g the poor, and

y many MFIs.

tners. PKSF al

lood rehabilita

areas of Bangla

ent

in Bangladesh

l landless peop

Is/NGOs in

nt on boats to

hem and provi

y allowed the

rs to delay sev

ze, to help the

also provided

er Risk A-8144)

162 051215

e

these

ty

them

n),

ent

er

PKSF.

g

irectly

d

ogram

and

s

d

In a

so

ation

adesh.

h

ple

ided

veral

d loans

for econom

MFIs and N

Grameen B

program in

BRAC exte

rebuilding

purchased

Proshika t

families w

million BD

In addition

independe

water, mil

would hel

PKSF:

In addition

disaster m

life, livesto

which it p

Disaster M

amount if

mitigation

them cope

Bangla) un

prevent th

SAHOS is

disasters. I

livelihood

30 Warren Br

the Microfina31 Dipal C Ba

mic recovery a

NGOs:

Bank set up a

nvolving new

ended loans to

g homes. The l

d 364 tons of ri

took up an em

were provided

DT for rice, veg

n to these cred

ent of their cre

lk, and medici

lp the flood‐af

n to supportin

management in

ock, hospital c

rotects those P

Management P

the income‐ea

n approach bec

e with and reco

nder its Disast

hem from sellin

designed to e

It seeks to faci

restoration in

rown and Geetha

ance Industry

arua, 1998; The G

and reconstruc

Disaster Mitig

w loan product

o 240,000 fami

loan amount w

ice in the open

mergency rehab

with an intere

getables and w

dit operations,

edit operations

nes. They also

fected people

ng microcredit

n several dimen

cash plan and

POs that do no

Program (a qua

arning person

cause PKSF’s m

over from disa

ter Manageme

ng advance lab

ensure immedi

ilitate the copi

ncluding repai

a Nagarajan; 200

Grameen Strategy

ction of houses

gation Task Fo

s, assistance fo

ilies for housin

would be most

n market and s

bilitation prog

est‐free loan of

winter crop cu

all the NGOs

s. For example

o agreed to sup

to resume the

t programs, PK

nsions. For ex

paramedic he

ot have any in

asi‐insurance p

in the househ

microcredit pr

asters PKSF ha

ent program to

bor or valuabl

iate financial a

ing and recove

iring of houses

00; Bangladeshi Ex

to Combat the Floo

s.30

orce, which pre

or housing reh

ng to supplem

tly used to buy

sold it at subsi

ram worth 50

f 500 BDT each

ultivation, to be

s took up a num

e, they set up m

pport a numbe

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KSF is involve

xample, PKSF n

althcare). PKS

surance or rei

program) und

hold is killed d

rograms have

as created a fu

o provide quic

le assets and e

assistance to su

ery mechanism

s, tube wells a

xperience in Adapt

od of 1998

Final Repo

epared and im

habilitation an

ment people s e

y construction

idized rates to

million BDT t

h. It also supp

e adjusted dur

mber of relief

medical center

er of activities

activities.

ed with inclusi

now has 7 mic

SF has set‐up a

insurance cove

der which it wa

due to a disaste

a total outreac

und called SAH

ck financial ass

enable them to

upport the vu

m of poor peop

and latrines; re

ting Financial Ser


SF13-

mplemented a

nd agricultural

efforts in repai

n or repairing

o group memb

through which

ported a credit

ring the follow

and recovery

rs, distributed

s in non‐farm s

ive insurance,

croinsurance p

a Covariant Ri

erage. PKSF h

aives the entir

er. This is an i

ch of 35 millio

HOS (meaning

sistance to the

o find a humbl

ulnerable poor

ple. It is prima

estoring the ex

rvices to Cope with


11049 FINAL REP 0

rehabilitation

l production.31

iring and

materials. It

bers.

h 100,000 affec

t program wor

wing yield.

activities,

d food, drinkin

sector, which

covariant risk

programs (cre

isk Fund with

has also set up

re outstanding

important risk

on people. To h

g Courage in

e poor families

le and decent

r during and p

arily used for t

xisting income

h Floods, Implicati

er Risk A-8144)

163 051215

n 1

cted

rth 30

ng

ks and

dit

a

g loan

k

help

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life.

post

the

e

ions for

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participati

borrowers

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2. R

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used in liv

is much lo

improving

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Banglades

MFIs/NGO

quickly to

fundraisin

the damag

rehabilitat

clients, los

informatio

Good finan

and decisi

32 PKSF Web33 Ibid 34 Nina Nay

g activities and

of emergency

ing in this pro

s. Most of the l

program PKSF

on in Bangla). U

other support,

rticipating in t

KSF to POs BD

aster mitigatio

topping the loemoving the lroviding cond

Disaster Manag

n 16 years), an

e 2007 cyclone

velihood restor

ower than the m

g incomes of th

s that made ef

sh a success ar

Os with good l

the situation,

ng to meet the

ge of affected p

tion strategy o

ss of program

on, the MFIs/N

ncial and insti

ion‐making, an

bsite 8 Feb 2015

ar and M Faisal,

d ensuring con

medical servi

gram were 14

loans were ma

has been imp

Under BUNIA

provides capa

this program w

T 1.3 Bn).33

n measures of

oan recovery dlimit for savingditional grantsgement Fund ond the fund is

e (Sidr), two bi

ration program

market and w

he poor; the ap

ffective interve

re its capable le

leadership as

availed of exi

demand for re

people was als

of the MFIs/NG

income as a re

NGOs could pr

itutional mana

nd clarity in ch

1999; Microfinan

nsumption cap

ices, water and

9; the POs disb

ade during Sid

plementing for

AD, PKSF prov

acity building

were 135; the c

f PKSF include

during disastergs withdrawa

to partner orgof the PKSF haavailable for i

illion BDT has

m. The progra

where repay pe

pproach is gro

ention of some

eadership, com

that of ASA, B

isting disaster

esources. The

so very impor

GOs. It provid

esult of potent

roject capital r

agement inclu

hain of comma

nce Survives Bangl

pabilities durin

d sanitation. A

bursed BDT 5

dr (2007) and A

r the ultra poo

vides flexible m

support at the

cumulative len

e:

r period, and el ganizations (inas accumulate

instant relief a

s been received

am includes co

eriods are long

owth‐based, no

e of the MFIs/

mmitted staff,

BRAC, Gramee

mitigation fun

involvement o

tant. The close

ded good infor

tial drops in sa

requirements f

uding provision

and were also

ladesh Floods

Final Repo

ng post‐disast

As of June 2014

5.0 Bn (PKSF to

Aila (2009).32

r people since

microcredit to

e time of disas

nding of POs t

exempting the

n the order of ed more than oactivities.

d from the cen

onsumer loans

ger. Overall, th

ot market‐bas

/NGOs during

sound manag

en Bank, PKSF

nds, or develo

of committed

e monitoring o

rmation on the

avings and rep

for loans durin

n of cash reser

o effective in re


SF13-

ter period. It a

4 the number

o POs BDT 4.4

e 2004 is called

o the ultra‐poo

ster. As of Jun

to 640,000 bor

e service fee

10 million Me

one billion BD

ntral governm

s at the interes

here is heavy e

ed.

g the previous

gement and fin

F and PROSH

oped alternativ

field staff that

of the situation

e damage to as

payment. On t

ng the rehabil

rve, flexibility

esponding to t


11049 FINAL REP 0

also guarantee

of POs

4 Bn) to 120,69

d BUNIAD (m

or people and,

ne 2014 the num

rowers were B

eanwhile, the DT as of June 20

ment, which is t

st rate 0.5‐1%,

emphasis on

disasters in

nancial practic

HIKA responde

ve strategies o

t visited to ass

n was crucial t

ssets and incom

the basis of th

itation period

y in manageme

the crisis.34

er Risk A-8144)

164 051215

es the

98

eans

mber

BDT

014

to be

which

ces.

ed

of

sess

to the

me of

e

d.

ent

The large M

serious fin

established

income an

newly form

MFIs/NGO

not prepar

MFIs did n

primarily

infrequent

Microfinan

from the is

reduction

be address

supported

works pro

requires su

There are

governme

governme

not just loa

catastroph

The MFIs’

measures.

scheduling

However,

diversifica

measures.

communit

8.3 B

Banglades

35 Joan Parke36 Krishna V37 Krishna S.

MFIs/NGOs n

nancial impact

d and smaller

nd shortfall of

med MFIs/NG

Os did not hav

red to either w

not consider cl

geared to day

t, yet required

nce on its own

ssues of moral

in informal in

sed through in

d in combinatio

ograms, cereal

upportive serv

also concerns

ntal organizat

nt or donors, p

an default. Ma

he risk accumu

/NGOs’ interv

Emergency lo

g were some o

microfinance

ation of asset b

These measur

ties.37

Bangladesh

sh’s external d

er and Geetha NVasta and Frederi. Vatsa; 2000; Mic

named above c

t, because they

MFIs/NGOs f

cash for fresh

GOs in the disa

ve the liquid fu

weather or resp

lient needs fro

y‐to‐day busine

d significant in

n would have i

l hazard, inad

nsurance arran

nstitutional inn

on with other

banks, and ev

vices and inpu

that microinsu

tions (NGOs) t

particularly w

any MFIs and

ulations and st

vention in the

oans, permissi

of the financial

has the poten

base and housi

res contribute

h Sovereig

ebts as at 30 Ju

agaranjan, 2000; ick Krimgold,; 20crofinance for Dis

could respond

y have more th

found it difficu

loans. There a

aster response

unds to respon

pond to a natu

om an emergen

ess or househo

nstitutional inv

its limitations

equate monito

ngements prov

novations in m

instruments o

ven public sub

uts in the area

urance progra

that support th

when the insur

NGOs may la

tay solvent in

wake of 1998

ion for withdra

l facilities exte

ntial of suppor

ing improvem

to better disa

gn Rating

une 2014 are a

Can Microfinance000; Financing Diaster Risk Manage

d to the floods

han two decad

ult to operate

are several oth

and mitigatio

nd quickly or

ural disaster si

ncy point of v

old concerns. F

vestment.35

as a risk man

oring of credit

vided by social

microfinance s

of risk manage

bsidy. Besides,

of education,

ams may not b

hem without t

ance includes

ack the capacit

the long run.

floods was mo

awal of saving

ended to borro

ting ex ante m

ments are some

ster preparedn

as follows:

e Meet the Poor’s saster Mitigation fement in Banglade

Final Repo

and tropical c

des of operatio

due to the inc

her factors that

on. First, the ne

fully in a disa

ituation. Third

view; rather pr

Fourth, deman

nagement instr

t programs aft

l networks. M

sector. Microfin

ement, which i

, success of mi

health, irrigat

be economicall

the provision

broader cove

ty and technic

ore in nature o

gs, small adva

ower families f

mitigation mea

e of the examp

ness on part o

Financial Needs infor the Poor esh


SF13-

cyclones and w

onal experienc

creased cost of

t limited the r

ewly formed a

aster context. S

d, the newly fo

roducts and se

nd for special

rument. These

ter large spatia

Many of these s

nance would a

include social

icrofinance pr

tion, marketin

ly viable for th

of significant

rage for livelih

cal sophisticati

of the ex post

ances against s

for coping wit

asures too. Inco

ples of ex ante

of the househo

n Times of Natura


11049 FINAL REP 0

withstand its

ce. In fact, the n

f delivery, loss

role of small an

and smaller

Second, they w

ormed and sm

ervices were

services was

e limitations ar

al shocks, and

shortcomings c

also need to b

funds, public

ograms alway

ng, etc.36

he MFIs or non

subsidies by t

hood impacts

ion to manage

mitigation

savings, loan r

th the disaster

ome generatio

mitigation

olds and

al Disasters

er Risk A-8144)

165 051215

newly

s of

nd

were

maller

rise

can

be

c

ys

n‐

the

and

e their

re‐

r.

on,

M

Bi

G

Sh

Banglades

country di

Banglades

500 million

retained a

U

de

W

ex

Th

38 Internation

Multilateral debilateral debt: U

Guarantee provhort‐term deb

sh’s internation

id not have an

sh (GOB) inten

n each with 5

s the issue ma

US Governmen

emand if floatWarnings by Baxpensive and mhe forthcomin

nal Fund for Agric

bt: USD 19.9 bUSD 3.0 billionvided: USD 14t: USD 1.4 bill

nal credit ratin

ny debt default

nded to raise U

percent (intere

anagers. The b

nt issued bondted at that time

angladesh Banmake Bangladng parliamenta

cultural Developm

billion (WB, ADn (China, India43 million lion

ng by Standar

t or did not re

USD 1 billion t

est rate on cur

ond issue was

ds around the se. nk that it will adeshi export mary election at

ment

DB, IFAD38, IDa, Japan, Kore

d & Poor and

schedule any

through floatin

rrent external

s subsequently

same time; it w

affect domesti

more expensivethe end of 201

Final Repo

DB, etc.) ea, Kuwait, etc

Fitch is “BB –

external debts

ng Sovereign B

debt – 1.4 perc

y shelved for a

was felt Bangla

ic money mark

e. 13.


SF13-

c.)

–” (non‐investm

s. In late 2012,

Bonds in two

cent). Goldma

a multiple of r

adesh bonds w

ket and make


11049 FINAL REP 0

ment grade). T

, the Governm

tranches of US

an Sachs was

reasons:

will have low

BDT more

er Risk A-8144)

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The

ment of

SD

9 DisInte

Disaster ri

amongst in

of the dev

jurisdictio

In this real

are paid fo

recovery, a

using appr

importanc

procedure

Banglades

For the ben

sovereign

kinds. Ove

changes as

even clear

This sectio

manageme

practical. I

current sta

mechanism

9.1 N

The impac

perspectiv

preparedn

across mu

very little

saster Rernation

isk has broad s

ndividuals an

eloping world

ns, including B

lity, uninsured

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and reconstru

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es and, indeed,

sh, with limite

nefit of its citiz

entities shoul

erlay this curr

s well as clima

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on outlines the

ent, and prese

It concludes w

atus of disaste

ms appear eas

Natural Cat

cts of catastrop

ve but also from

ness and reduc

ch of the deve

attention unti

Risk Finanal Mark

social and dev

d businesses a

d. Adequate m

Bangladesh.

d catastrophe

c taxpayers or

ction expense

signed ex ante (

term sustainab

, in many disa

d existing mar

zens and to el

d thus pay du

ent market rea

ate change – an

e rationale for

ents examples

with presentati

r risk financin

iest to develop

tastrophe R

phes on develo

m an economi

ction in recent

eloping world,

l recently.

ancing Oket Revie

velopmental im

are spotty at b

market‐based p

losses do not

international

s. Closing the

(before the fac

bility of sovere

aster‐prone cou

rkets to suppo

iminate suffer

ue consideratio

ality on top of

nd the need fo

disaster risk f

of disaster ris

ion of some po

ng and the iden

p.

Risk Manag

oping states ar

ic perspective.

years, and co

, preparing for

Options ew and A

mplications. T

est in develop

products simpl

simply dissipa

donors/lende

gap between

ct) disaster risk

eign disaster r

untries, of dev

ort the proactiv

ring due to ina

on to the aggre

f a moving risk

or a holistic ap

financing as pa

k financing str

otential option

ntified sectors

gement fo

re potentially

Despite very

nsequent redu

r the economic

Final Repo

for BanApprais

Take‐up rates f

ped world con

ly do not exist

ate into thin a

ers in the form

insured and u

k financing m

risk managem

velopment itse

ve transfer of

adequate or sl

egate economi

k landscape –

pproach to disa

art of holistic s

rategies and a

ns for Banglad

s where the ne

r Sovereig

catastrophic, n

significant str

uction of socia

c consequence


SF13-

gladeshsal of Op

for disaster ins

ntexts and abys

t for certain pe

ir after a catas

m of ex post (afte

uninsured cata

echanisms is t

ment plans, pol

elf. This is esp

catastrophe ri

ow ex post los

ic exposure to

affected by so

aster risk man

sovereign disa

actions, both th

desh taking int

eed is greatest

gn States

not only from

rides in disaste

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es of catastrop


11049 FINAL REP 0

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erils in many

strophe, but in

er the fact) rel

astrophe losse

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o catastrophes

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aster risk

heoretical and

to account the

and the poten

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167 051215

ucts

parts

nstead

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s

l

or

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omes

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ntial

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ved

For Bangla

meteorolo

level of res

Added to

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insured, th

the case of

traditional

One of the

manageme

long coast

will inevit

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storm surg

melt extrem

2012).

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Banglades

action. Eff

increasing

Thus sove

and startin

9.2 O

It is genera

1. R

2. M

3. R

us

Each of th

adesh, natural

gical hazards,

silience of the

the high risk i

opulation; acro

hus leaving a h

f Bangladesh,

l informal mec

e additional ch

ent is that of c

line and/or wh

tably lead to g

ent). While tro

ge and wave d

mes are likely

mate change is

sh, it will be re

fective risk ma

g risk already b

reign disaster

ng from a very

Operationa

ally recognize

isk assessmen

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ese is discusse

l catastrophe r

, including tro

population.

is the lack of p

oss much of th

huge burden o

formal insuran

chanisms of ri

hallenges whic

climate change

hich are low‐ly

reater impacts

opical cyclone

damage for the

y to increase, so

not responsib

esponsible for

anagement stra

being felt in ot

risk financing

y low baseline

l Aspects o

ed that there ar

nt and quantifibudget volatilihe overall liabiisk financing s

ed in more det

risk is an outsi

opical cyclones

penetration of

he developing

on the governm

nce mechanism

sk‐sharing bre

ch have recent

e. In many pla

ying, such as B

s of hydro‐met

activity itself

e same event i

o leading to m

ble for much o

an increasing

ategies put in

ther parts of A

g in Banglades

.

of Soverei

re three pillars

ication of the city caused by cilities throughsolutions.

tail below.

ized problem d

s and extreme

risk financing

world, only a

ment to fund p

ms for catastro

eak down whe

tly come to the

ces around the

Bangladesh, in

teorological ev

may not incre

n the future. F

more extreme (

f the current e

portion of the

place early wi

Asia.

sh is a significa

gn Disaste

s of disaster ri

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Final Repo

due to the hig

high rainfall l

g and insuranc

a few percent o

post‐disaster r

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en major natu

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e world, and p

ncreasing glob

vents (when n

ease, increased

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(and therefore

exposure to hy

e risk, and sho

ill provide a st

ant undertakin

er Risk Fin

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bility on the stand on, lowering o


SF13-

gh exposure to

leading to floo

ce mechanisms

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response and r

y poorly devel

ral catastroph

rea of natural

particularly in

bal air and oce

normalized for

d sea level wil

non‐cyclonic r

e damaging) fl

ydro‐meteorol

ould therefore

trong platform

ng, addressing

nancing

at the sovereig

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of dependence


11049 FINAL REP 0

o multiple hyd

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s amongst the

’s assets are

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loped, and

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logical hazard

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168 051215

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9.2.1 R

Previous s

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generally r

months aft

quick and

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9.2.2 M

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national ri

events var

manageme

protecting

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risk‐layeri

fiscal balan

risk levels

Fig

Risk Asses

sections of this

pleted for Ban

d for historical

t liability, alth

t liabilities.

n to understan

. Immediate fu

relatively sma

ter the disaste

well‐funded e

some time is u

Managing B

etary impacts

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ent strategy ne

g the long‐term

tablished as be

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.

gure 77. Laye

sment and

s report have p

gladesh under

l disaster losse

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nding the quan

unding is need

all compared t

er. So while im

early recovery

usually availab

Budget Vol

of catastrophe

presented earli

n scale from s

eeds to allow

m fiscal positio

est practice in

to match poten

7 illustrates thi

red Disaster

d Quantific

provided infor

r this project, a

es. These provi

detailed work

ntum of contin

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y phase can su

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latility

es are felt over

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quired to fully

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t management

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fying different

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SF13-

Liability

risk assessme

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er of potential

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m recovery.

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unds without

t DRF instrum

hesquiere & M


11049 FINAL REP 0

ent work that h

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mpacts of a

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Mahul, 2010)

er Risk A-8144)

169 051215

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Figure 79 s

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Figure 78 illus

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SF13-

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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170 051215

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9.2.3 R

Reducing

portion of

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across both

Developm

governme

third party

mechanism

individual

state assist

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re 79. Cost D

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a country’s ri

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SF13-

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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er Risk A-8144)

171 051215

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9.3 D

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disaster ris

reasons fo

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insurance

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sk Financi

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o an increasing

d on DRF at th

natural hazar

tly offering or

tal market equ

levels, bilatera

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low‐income in

er (a.k.a. catas

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the risk (or th

ate risk market

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they have con

ms which aim t

es (e.g. the IFC

h Climate Insu

ng in the I

yed an increas

an economic de

gnitude of cataoped‐world ecd economies. Wacceptably highonly recently

ate change, they burdensome

ying such increng risk, includConvention ontrophe risks grketplace to ac

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he sovereign l

rds risk, under

r, otherwise, su

uivalents such

al donors as w

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trophe and/or

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t players have

orld independe

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urance Initiativ

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singly importa

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astrophe risk gconomies andWhile disasterh, the econombeen recogniz

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ding through in Climate Changlobally and a ccept risk tran

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rtaking DRF st

upporting dev

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ho are not serv

r crop micro‐in

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ontext in recen

globally, main

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mpact of hydroloping world ds has started tointernational mnge (UNFCCC

consequent innsferred from t

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terals have sup

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d implemented

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amage and los

ructure, crops

, loss of use). T

overeign secto

rt in the USD c

and loss estim

Tot

$8

$2

$8

$4

$

$

eign categorie

damage and lo

gned to the sta

in these secto

ng sector appe

ures64, is 0.23%

ent on persona

(the low end o

5% of GDP. A

%, so insurance

f the risk.

e NGO/MFI se

at participation

s and rebuildin

sk, it will play

ke‐off, Statistical


SF13-

ine (and this fa

re of the total

ss estimates (n

etc., while los

Table 51 below

ors (it is noted

column for Da

mates by sect

tal (USD) 839.3

253.4

86.1

437.6

52.4

$6.1

s. From a gene

oss in both hou

ate in the Bang

rs by looking

ears to be extre

%. This include

al/household b

of the typical p

As indicated ab

e that could of

ector, which m

n covered by p

ng after natura

a role in finan

appendix, upda


11049 FINAL REP 0

actor applies t

recovery and

noting that

s is the mediu

w summarizes

d that the

amage).

tor.

Sov / Non‐Both

Sovereign

Sovereign

Both

Non‐sovereiSovereign

eral perspectiv

using and

gladesh case. W

at the private

emely limited

es auto insura

building/conte

premium ratin

bove, the natio

fset governme

may be a partic

private insura

al disaster eve

ncing rebuildin

ate January 2013.

er Risk A-8144)

184 051215

to

um to

s that

Sov

n

n

gn

n

ve, it

We

d; the

ance

ents

ng for

onal

ent

cipant

ance.

ents,

ng

costs, offse

to the NGO

For the sak

through in

For agricu

given the a

will play a

this role is

damage an

Given thes

into gover

Table

Inf

In

Pr

As can be

the ‘missin

financing g

disaster.

ii)

Building o

governme

further spl

timeframe

the minim

financing i

the private

response i

etting state sup

O/MFI sector a

ke of conserva

nsurance, 15%

ultural damage

almost total la

a role by writin

s likely to be m

nd loss in the a

se assumption

rnment and no

52. Breakdow

Sector frastructure‐Hounfrastructure‐Ot

Social Sectorsoductive‐AgricuProductive‐OthEnvironment

Total

seen, the non‐

ng’ emergency

gap analysis is

Sectorial b

on the analysis

nt sectors to th

lit into emerge

e is generally t

mum time gene

institutions. N

e sector covers

s included in t

pport. Howev

at preferential

atism, we assu

through NGO

e and loss, we

ack of penetrat

ng off or resch

much smaller t

agriculture sec

ns, Table 52 pr

on‐governmen

wn of Cyclon

using ther s lture er

‐government s

y response cos

s robust in usi

breakdown an

s above, in Fig

he 1 in 100‐yea

ency (i.e. imm

aken as the tra

erally taken to

NGO/MFI dam

s both medium

the governme

ver, state supp

l rates post dis

ume that priva

O/MFI lending

estimate that

tion of agricul

heduling loans

han in the hou

ctor is reasona

ovides an esti

nt shares, an es

e Sidr damag

Total (m USD)839.3

253.4

86.1

437.6

52.4

6.1

1,674.9

share of losses

sts. We thus fe

ing the full mo

d timing of fi

gure 81 we sho

ar cyclone loss

mediate), mediu

ansition from

mobilize rebu

mage and loss i

m and long ter

nt emergency

ort is still indi

saster.

te means are c

g), leaving 80%

the private se

tural insuranc

s to small agric

using sector, a

able assignable

mate of the br

stimate we bel

ge and loss to

Sove

8

s included in m

el that these tw

odelled loss in

inancing need

ow the relative

s estimate from

um term (up to

recovery to lo

uilding financi

is addressed p

rm response. N

response pot.

Final Repo

irectly involve

covering 20%

% in the hands

ctor share in d

ce in Banglade

cultural produ

and we estima

e to the non‐so

reakdown of th

lieve is reason

o sovereign a

ereign share 80%

100%

100%

90%

0%

100%

84.2%

modelled estim

wo reasonably

n assessing gov

ds

e contribution

m the cyclone

o 6 months) an

ong‐term rebui

ing from the in

predominantly

Note that the N

.


SF13-

ed through its

of the housing

s of the state.

damage and lo

esh. Again the

ucers which w

ate that a maxi

overeign sour

he national los

nable for most

and non-sove

Non‐so

mates of nation

y offset each o

vernment fina

of governmen

model. Gover

nd long‐term.

ilding phases,

nternational d

y in medium‐t

NGO/MFI role


11049 FINAL REP 0

wholesale len

g damage (5%

oss is very sma

e NGO/MFI se

will offset losse

mum of 10% o

rces.

ss for Cyclone

disaster even

ereign source

overeign share20% 0% 0% 10% 100% 0%

15.8%

nal loss is simi

other, and the

ancing needs p

nt and non‐

rnment losses

The 6‐month

, and coincides

development

erm response

e in emergency

er Risk A-8144)

185 051215

nding

%

all

ctor

es, but

of the

e Sidr

ts.

es.

ilar to

post‐

are

s with

while

y

Figure 81

As can be

financing i

Taking thi

would be m

emergency

Figure 82 p

that the fu

Figure 82

This analy

and the ne

. Relative sha

seen, around h

is needed for m

is analysis a st

manifested in

y response cos

provides the r

unding gap is 5

2. Share of go

ysis suggests th

eeds of the NG

are of govern

half of the fina

medium‐term

tep further, we

each of the fiv

sts and include

relative breakd

50% of the tota

overnment an

cos

hat the fundin

GO/MFI sector

nment and no

dis

ancing is requ

m recovery inve

e have made e

ve sector/time

ed non‐govern

down of the to

al modelled lo

nd non-govern

sts relative to

ng gap is predo

r, also in the m

on-governmen

aster costs.

uired for long‐t

estment.

estimates of th

frame categor

nment costs fo

otal funding ga

oss.

nment, and s

o estimated fu

ominantly focu

medium term. T

Final Repo

nt, and short-

term rebuildin

he relative port

ries identified

or consistency

ap for a 1 in 10

short-, medium

unding gap.

used on the m

This suggests


SF13-

-, medium- an

ng, while arou

tion of the fun

above. We ha

with the over

00‐year cyclon

m- and long-t

medium‐term s

that risk finan


11049 FINAL REP 0

nd long-term

und 30‐35% of

nding gap that

ave excluded

rall gap analys

ne event, assum

term post-dis

sovereign need

ncing solution

er Risk A-8144)

186 051215

post-

t

sis.

ming

saster

ds

s in

the sovere

appropriat

Before bui

emphasizi

reconstruc

better in te

considerab

respond ra

9.6 P

9.6.1 S

Two sover

in Banglad

credit wou

while para

frequent) a

being man

were avail

9.6.1.1

Given Ban

Developm

borrower f

DDO) pro

through co

available u

response f

associated

Tying cont

developm

A continge

product (s

65 http://trea

eign and NGO

te to consider.

ilding on these

ing that early r

ction needs. Si

erms of timing

bly, possibly s

apidly and sub

Practical Im

Sovereign O

reign disaster

desh’s case, na

uld be deploye

ametric risk tra

and could pro

naged would l

lable.

Contingen

ngladesh’s cur

ment Associatio

from the Worl

duct65 offered

ontingent cred

using a ‘soft’ tr

funds set aside

d with internat

tingent credit

ent of pre‐agr

ent credit line

see below), wh

sury.worldbank

O/MFI realms a

.

e conclusions i

recovery actio

imply by addr

g), the long‐ter

several times o

bstantially afte

mplementa

Options

risk financing

amely continge

ed to complem

ansfer would

ovide rapid liq

ikely be small

nt Credit

rent difficulty

on (IDA) rathe

ld Bank (maki

by IBRD), opt

dit will be sma

rigger (e.g. de

e as budget co

tional donor‐d

to capacity bu

eed contingen

would provid

hich would on

.org/bdm/pdf/Ha

and operating

in identifying

ons have a sub

ressing the me

rm gap (which

over. This prov

er disaster stri

ble Solutio

g options are m

ent credit and

ment internal b

deal with less

quidity to supp

l, but the risk t

y in raising com

er than Interna

ing it ineligible

tions for contin

all. However, a

eclaration of em

ontingencies at

driven emergen

uilding in disa

ncy plans, wou

de greater flex

ly trigger for s

andouts_Finance

in the 1 to 6 m

practical, imp

stantial additi

edium‐term res

h is substantia

vides addition

ikes.

ons

most practical f

parametric tr

budgetary mec

frequent even

port early reco

transfer option

mmercial sove

ational Bank fo

e for the Catas

ngent credit a

a contingent cr

mergency) cou

t the national l

ncy response m

aster preparedn

uld incentivize

ibility for resp

specific perils

e/CatDDO_Produ

Final Repo

months post‐di

plementable so

ional benefit in

sponse financ

ally larger in ac

nal emphasis o

for exploration

ransfer of cyclo

chanisms for r

nts (e.g. 1 in 10

overy. In both

n could be sca

ereign debt an

or Reconstruc

strophe Deferr

are limited and

redit line on p

uld provide a u

level, and wou

mechanisms.

ness and early

e better risk m

ponse than a p

and at specifi

uct_Note.pdf


SF13-

isaster period

olutions, it is w

n reducing lon

cing gap (and t

ctual terms) is

on financing to

n over the sho

one and/or flo

response to mo

0 annualized p

cases, the init

aled up quickly

d its status as

tion and Deve

red Drawdow

d the amount o

pre‐agreed term

useful comple

uld reduce the

y warning, inc

management.

pure parametri

ic intensity of i


11049 FINAL REP 0

are the most

worth re‐

ng‐term

the earlier the

s likely to shrin

ools which can

ort to medium

ood risk. Conti

ore frequent e

probability an

ial quantum o

y if premium f

an Internation

elopment (IBR

wn Option (CA

of risk manage

ms made rapid

ement to emer

e uncertainty

cluding

ic insurance

impact. Altho

er Risk A-8144)

187 051215

nk

n

m term

ingent

events

nd less

of risk

funds

nal

RD)

AT‐

eable

dly

rgency

ugh

there is cu

indicated i

The key lik

Struct

risk m

Pre‐ag

Cap oBangl

these tropic

Could

Up‐froremain

WB punkno

Loan t

Given the

relatively

must be as

IDA or ID

events, the

developm

9.6.1.2

Parametric

the main c

sustained

sufficient t

modelled‐

Caribbean

surroundi

Transfer o

risk, and d

possible to

externally‐

urrently no con

its willingness

kely elements

tured as a conmanagement.

greed trigger –

on contingent cadesh effectivtogether coulcal cyclone dis

d include pre‐a

ont arrangeme

ning balance a

roduct is for 3own.

terms (grace/m

status of Bang

quick mobiliz

ssessed in ligh

A‐like terms w

e full long‐term

ent programs

Parametri

c transfer of so

constraint to co

basis. For trop

to support a p

‐loss parametr

n/Central Ame

ng appetite an

of parametric f

due to the fact

o use the existi

‐sourced rainf

ntingent credit

s to discuss su

of a contingen

tingent extens

– usually quali

credit amount

ve capacity in d cover arounaster (Figure 8

agreed spendi

ent fee (WB anafter partial di

3 year period

maturity/rate)

gladesh’s sove

ation of recov

ht of the specif

will be more fi

m cost of conti

– must be ass

c Sovereig

overeign risk i

ompleting a tr

pical cyclone r

parametric tran

ric program co

erica CCRIF an

nd pricing for

flood risk wou

that few prece

ing work as pr

fall data (e.g. m

t product avai

uch a mechanis

nt credit line w

sion of a norm

itative (e.g. de

t – a USD 250mthe form of rnd half of the 82). Partial dra

ng plan for fu

nd JICA produisbursal and /

with up to fo

‐ JICA 10/40/0

ereign credit ra

ery funding to

fic terms that m

inancially effic

ingent credit –

essed for the p

gn Risk Tra

into the intern

ransaction bein

risk, the model

nsaction, and w

ould be develo

nd the Pacific P

such a deal.

uld be much m

edents exist fo

resented earlie

modelled or sa

lable to Bangl

sm with the Ba

would be:

mal funding w

eclaration of em

m credit facilitreserve funds funding gap awdown woul

unds before dis

ucts have 0.5%or, for WB, ren

our renewals

0.01%, WB var

ating and othe

o add to liquid

may be offered

cient than risk

– particularly i

particular cond

ansfer

national marke

ng the availab

l described pr

with a relative

oped and a pro

PCRAFI progr

more challengin

or transfer of s

er as a basis fo

atellite‐based r

Final Repo

ladesh, the As

angladesh gov

window, likely

mergency by n

ty would apprand budget rfor medium‐tld be allowabl

sbursal.

% arrangemen

newal of cred

allowable. JIC

riable on all bu

er related facto

dity from reser

d. While it is li

k transfer for fi

is it may offse

ditions preval

ets is certainly

bility of premiu

reviously in th

ely small addit

oduct structur

rams significa

ng due to the

sovereign floo

or developmen

rain data), suc


SF13-

ian Developm

vernment.

a loan for inv

national gover

roximately ma

re‐allocations term recoveryle.

nt fee) and addit facility (0.25

CA duration a

ut less favorab

ors, contingen

rves and budg

ikely that cont

inancing more

et lending at so

lent at the time

y possible for B

um funds, bot

his report is clo

tional investm

red. Precedent

antly reduce th

complexity of

d risk. Howev

nt of a weathe

ch as was recen


11049 FINAL REP 0

ment Bank has

vestment in di

rnment).

atch Governm(see Figure 80y for a 1 in 100

ditional fixed 5% in both cas

and extension

ble.

nt credit for

get reallocation

tingent credit

e frequent disa

oft rates for ot

e.

Bangladesh, w

th initially and

ose to being

ment, a full

ts from the

he uncertainty

f the hazard an

ver, it may be

er hedge based

ntly launched

er Risk A-8144)

188 051215

isaster

ment of 0) and 0‐year

fee on ses).

terms

ns

on

aster

ther

with

d on a

nd

d on

d as

part of the

commercia

flood‐footp

parametric

Example o

The target

to 3 month

example w

separately

event. Thi

of risk tran

For simpli

alone polic

constraint

model. It s

above, the

will be sev

Given the

to 25% of t

term recov

Cyclone u

e CCRIF progr

al models com

print mapping

c flood model

of Sovereign P

t for a risk tran

hs after a disas

we have the in

y) and payouts

s is a typical s

nsfer but also

icity, the two p

cies and stand

s to such an of

should also be

ere is currently

veral, perhaps

stated target f

the total losses

very phase (se

sed as a basis

ram. Regional

mpleted in the

g technology i

for Banglades

Parametric Insu

nsfer product w

ster. It would b

surance policy

s will increase

tructure for a

allowing for a

perils addresse

d‐alone pricing

ffering being a

e noted that wh

y no sovereign

many years b

for a sovereign

s, which appro

e Figure 81). F

for structurin

precedents do

two years afte

is also develop

sh in the next

urance Policy

would be to co

be available o

y trigger set at

pro‐rata with

sovereign par

a payout proba

ed, flood and

g. While there

available in th

hile flood cove

n level parame

before one is d

n risk transfer

oximates the p

Figure 83 show

g the risk tran

o exist for nati

er the floods in

ping rapidly an

few years.

for Banglades

over early pos

nly for relativ

t the 1 in 10‐ye

h losses until th

rametric produ

ability accepta

cyclone, are tr

may be efficie

he near‐term m

er is addressed

etric flood mod

eveloped and

product, the f

portion of loss

ws the full exce

nsfer product,

Final Repo

ional level hyd

n Thailand in l

nd may be sui

sh

st‐disaster reco

vely infrequent

ear loss level (

he coverage lim

uct, maximizin

able at the poli

reated as indep

encies in a com

make this two‐p

d here based o

del in existenc

accepted by t

full national lo

ses requiring fi

eedance proba

with this dow


SF13-

drological floo

late‐2011), and

itable for unde

overy needs in

t, but large‐im

(for each of the

mit is paid ou

ng the relative

itical level.

pendent perils

mbined covera

policy approa

on the risk pro

ce anywhere in

the markets an

oss profile has

inancing durin

ability curves

wnscaling appl


11049 FINAL REP 0

od models (e.g

d satellite‐base

erpinning a

n the period fr

mpact events; in

e covered peri

t for a 1 in 100

e cost‐effective

s and have sta

age, the practic

ach a reasonab

ofile presented

n the world an

nywhere.

s been downsc

ng the medium

for Flood and

lied.

er Risk A-8144)

189 051215

g.

ed

rom 1

n this

ils

0‐year

eness

and‐

cal

ble

d

nd it

caled

m‐

d

Figure 8

Figure 84 s

Cyclone an

83. Exceedan

shows just the

nd Flood mark

ce probability

e lower return

ked.

y curves for ‘

full mode

period portio

‘Government

eled national

on of the full E

Final Repo

t response co

loss.

EP curve, with


SF13-

osts’, represe

10 and 100‐ye


11049 FINAL REP 0

enting 25% of

ear loss levels

er Risk A-8144)

190 051215

f the

for

Figure 84

The charac

Table 53.

Fu

Stan

Att

Exh

E

Esti

Est

In this exa

and USD 3

any event

curves for

parametric

4. Exceedanc

cteristics of th

Key charact

ll Expected Lossndard Deviationtachment (10‐yr haustion (100‐yr

Premium Estimated cedingmated coveragetimated rate on

ample, premiu

357m for cyclo

which trigger

both perils fo

c insurance pr

ce probability

levels m

e example risk

eristics of po

(EL) of EL loss) loss)

g % e limit limit

um has been fix

one. Doubling

rs the policy (i

or policies with

roducts for Ban

curves for ‘G

marked for bo

k transfer prod

ossible param

$2

$3

$6

$1

$

$3

xed at USD 20

premium will

.e. losses great

h the character

ngladesh. All

Government r

oth Cyclone a

duct are provi

metric insuran

USD.

Cyclone 245,312,249

379,169,894

680,054,512

,787,772,876

$20,000,000

32.18%

356,511,344

5.61%

0m per peril, g

l double the co

ter than the at

ristics shown i

values are US

Final Repo

response cos

and Flood per

ided in Table 5

nce products

giving a covera

overage limit

ttachment poin

in Table 53. Ke

SD.


SF13-

sts’, with 10-

rils.

53.

for Banglade

$551

$679

$1,44

$3,01

$20,

2

$340

5

age limit of US

and will doub

nt.) Figure 85

ey characteris


11049 FINAL REP 0

and 100-year

esh. All value

Flood 1,061,357 9,478,383 48,552,328

17,403,814

,000,000 1.69% 0,349,435 5.88%

SD 340m for fl

ble the payout

shows the pay

stics of possibl

er Risk A-8144)

191 051215

r loss

es are

lood

t for

yout

e

Pricing is a

1.5. That a

risk transf

pricing for

For a fixed

the covera

coverage a

consistent

Figure 8

Note th

Actual pri

constraine

above is fe

assumed to be

assumption is i

fer programme

r transferred r

d premium, pr

age limits in Ta

at the lower en

across both p

85. Payout cu

hat elements

cing of a prod

ed only once a

elt to be reason

e a simple mul

in the middle

es, taking into

isk from those

ricing differen

able 53 for a re

nd of the pricin

erils.

urves for Cyc

of the curves

duct will depen

product is de

nably stable –

ltiple of expec

of a range of p

o account assum

e programmes

nce leads to a c

easonable rang

ng range and

clone and Floo

s are labelled

nd on a variety

veloped and p

certainly in th

cted loss, and f

publicly‐availa

mptions abou

s which operat

change in cedin

ge of pricing m

~USD 25m les

od coverage

for Cyclone

also.

y of structurin

placement con

he coming few

Final Repo

for the estimat

able data for n

ut primary poli

te as risk pool

ng percentage

multiples (1.25

ss coverage at

with characte

only; the sam

ng and market

nsidered. How

w years – and t


SF13-

tes in Table 53

non‐peak para

icy pricing aga

ls.

e and coverage

5 to 1.75) is ~U

the top of the

eristics desc

me structure i

t factors which

wever, the prici

there is high co


11049 FINAL REP 0

3, is assumed t

ametric sovere

ainst risk mark

e limit; the ran

USD 35m more

pricing range

ribed in the t

is true for Flo

h can be better

ing range utili

onfidence of g

er Risk A-8144)

192 051215

to be

eign

ket

nge on

e

e,

ext.

ood

r

ized

global

market ap

model is w

9.6.2 N

Helping th

when disa

developed

developm

weather in

Banglades

Building o

the portfol

micro‐insu

experience

process. A

coverage,

Substantia

of this risk

a major di

MFI client

The MFI s

disaster ris

credit/life

Breaking t

sticks (e.g.

carrots (e.g

portfolios)

Portfolio p

would ena

capital infl

generating

markets, n

Haiyan in

66 Personal c

petite for sove

well‐understoo

Non-Sovere

he population

aster strikes. Tr

d in Banglades

ent. However,

ndex insurance

sh.

on the micro‐fi

lio level shoul

urance produc

e from around

A more direct r

of portfolios o

al natural catas

k provides dua

saster, while a

ts so that they

ector in Bangl

sk financing, a

or health insu

the existing sta

. requiring cat

g. provision of

).

protection for M

able not only r

lux through ex

g economic act

not by‐pass the

late‐201366 sug

communication t

ereign risk fro

od and accepte

eign Optio

to help thems

raditional pro

sh and appear

, the relatively

e, are likely to

inance platform

ld be primary

cts such as Oxf

d the world de

route to suppo

of micro‐loans

strophe risk re

al benefits; it p

also potentially

can participat

ladesh already

although the “

urance (which

atus‐quo of M

astrophe expo

f technical sup

MFIs would b

re‐structuring

xisting channe

tivity and allo

em. Recent, as

ggests that the

o the author by S

m countries su

ed and the pro

ns

selves is a high

operty / catastr

unlikely to sc

y strong micro

o be most appr

m, index‐base

targets for sup

fam’s index‐ba

monstrates th

orting large po

for example.

esides in the lo

protects agains

y catalyzing e

te in the rebuil

y has an establ

“catastrophe”

are the predom

FIs not explici

osure of MFI lo

pport for risk a

bring a rapid in

of existing loa

els to existing

owing the long

s yet unpublish

e appetite for a

Stewart McCullo

uch as Banglad

oduct is structu

hly efficient w

rophe and agri

cale up quickly

ofinance sector

ropriate tools f

ed weather pro

pport. While p

ased flood ins

hat reaching sc

ortions of the l

oan portfolios

st low income

conomic activ

lding process.

lished insuran

exposure of M

minant forms

itly recognizin

oan portfolios

assessment, su

nflux of new l

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g‐term reconst

hed work in th

and repaymen

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desh, assumin

tured appropri

way of reducing

icultural insur

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r means that m

for expanding

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low‐income po

of the MFI sec

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of insurance c

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ubsidizing pre

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importantly, d

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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195 051215

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ny

10 Re

Ahmad, Q

Banglades

Dhaka, 134

Ahmad, Q

University

Ahmed A.Cell, Depa

Ahmed Z.Industry oPaper 41, I

Ahmed, A

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11049 FINAL REP 0

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one in history?

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Model Inc

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a repeat of

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ovember 1970.


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21049 FINAL REP 0

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21049 FINAL REP 0

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No. Name of P

Mesbah ul

Golam Mo

Md. Abdul

Mr. Satya B

Martin D. J

Charlotte B

Carlos Ram

Akshay Gu

Dr. Peerana

Ivan Gome

Mosleh Ah

Mayumi O

Mohamme

Dr. V. Hari

Md. Anisur

Abdul Azim

Netai Dey

Md. Abdur

Shamim A

Carsten Sch

Dr. Alamg

Naima Beg

Md. Manir

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stafa

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Brata Saha

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No. Name of P

Sk. Mizanu

Muhamme

Sultan‐ul‐a

Bruno Carr

Hiranya M

Manoj M. M

Asif Iqbal

Md. Mahbu

Md. Hasan

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Swarna Ka

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Salma Jaha

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No. Name of P

Syeda Bush

Dr. Md. Sa

ABM Hass

Md. Mokte

Mohamme

Farazi

Satya Brata

AM Nasir U

Mahmuda

Sobiah Bec

Tanzeba A

Md. Sultan

Moniruzza

Md. Shafiu

Md. Reaz U

Khandoker

Md. Hasan

Nasima Pa

Kazi Sharif

Mohamme

Dr. V. Hari

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hra Binte Amin

ajidur Rahman

sain Ahmed

er Hossain

ed Tasharuf Hossai

a Saha

Uddin

Masum

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A. Haq

nul Islam

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