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DENTAL SURGERY

TEACHING INSTITUTIONS IN

DENTISTRY

REGISTRATION on the Medical Register entitles apractitioner to practise dentistry, , although hecannot register as such without degree or licence indentistry ; but few dental appointments at general orspecial hospitals or dispensaries are available save tothose with a special diploma, and, until registeredon the Dentists Register, no dental work under theAdditional Benefit Scheme of the National HealthInsurance Act can be undertaken.The Examining Bodies in Dentistry which grant

degrees and diplomas in the subject are as follows :Royal College of Surgeons of England, Royal Collegeof Surgeons, Ediburgh, Royal Faculty of Physiciansand Surgeons of Glasgow, Royal College of Surgeonsin Ireland, and the following Universities : Birming-ham, Bristol, Durham, Leeds, Liverpool, London,Manchester, Sheffield, St. Andrews, Dublin (TrinityCollege), Queen’s University of Belfast, and theNational University of Ireland. The student shouldapply to the secretaries of the various Conjoint Boardsor to the Deans of the medical faculties or medicalschools for a syllabus.In respect of information to be obtained from the

English Conjoint Board it may be noticed that inthe spring of this year it was decided by the RoyalCollege of Surgeons of England that a graduatein dental surgery (M.D.S. or B.D.S.) of a recogniseduniversity in the United Kingdom shall in future beexempt from the whole of the first examination for thelicence in dental surgery, and be admitted directto the second and final examinations. It was alsodecided that private pupilage in dental mechanicsneed not necessarily be taken after the preliminaryexamination in general education has been passed.

TEACHING INSTITUTIONS IN LONDON

Royal Dental HospitalThe Royal Dental Hospital of London, School of

Dental Surgery, Leicester-square, is a school of theUniversity of London. The school provides the specialdental education required by the University of Londonfor the B.D.S. Degree and the Royal College of

Surgeons for the Licence in Dental Surgery. Thegeneral part of the curriculum may be taken at

any general hospital. The hospital is open from9 A.M. to 6 P.M., there being one honorary stafffor the morning and another for the afternoon ofeach day. Pupils are received for the trainingin dental mechanics recognised by the curriculum.The instructor at the commencement of each sessiongives a course of lectures on Operative Dental Surgery.The two senior house surgeoncies and the six housesurgeoncies are held for four months each and areopen to all qualified students. The lecturers, inaddition to their lectures, give special demonstrationson the Microscopy of Dental Anatomy and DentalSurgery. The lecturer on Dental Mechanics alsogives practical demonstrations in the laboratory.There is an Entrance Scholarship in Chemistryand Physics of the value of £25. One Scholarshipin Dental Mechanics and Metallurgy, value £25.For full information as to scholarships and prizes,and other matters connected with the course, applica-tion should be made to the Dean.

University College Hospital Dental SchoolThis Hospital and School, situated at the corner of

Great Portland and Devonshire-streets, W., hasrecently been thoroughly reorganised, and is nowfully equipped with all the most modern appliances.Students are entered as students of University CollegeHospital, and, as such, attend the classes of Anatomy

and Physiology in University College, which is a fewminutes’ walk from the Dental Department in GreatPortland-street, hitherto known as the National DentalHospital-the first Dental School to admit WomenStudents. Practical courses to comply with theR.C.S. curriculum are held. Clinical Lectures andDemonstrations are given, and each student on

entering passes through a preliminary course undera demonstrator. A prospectus containing full infor-mation as to lectures, fees, and prizes may be had onapplication to the Sub-Dean for Dental Students.who attends at University College Hospital MedicalSchool, University-street, W.C.1, on Wednesdaymornings from 9.30 to 10.30, and at other times byappointment.

Guy’s Hospital Dental SchoolThe work of the Dental Department begins daily

at 9 A.M. both in the anaesthetic rooms and in theconservation room. There is ample accommodationfor extractions, both with general and local anæs-

thetics, together with waiting and recovery rooms.Patients are admitted between 8.45 and 9.30 A.M.,and are seen bv the dental surgeon for the day, thestaff demonstrators, the dental house surgeons,and the dressers. The Conservation Room is openfrom 9 A.M. till 5 P.M., and is under the charge of theDirector of the department of Conservative DentalSurgery, aided by the assistant to the Director.It affords accommodation for about 100 dental chairs,with the necessary equipment of the most moderntype for the use of the Dressers, who, under thesupervision of the Staff, perform the various opera-tions of Dental Surgery. There is a separate depart-ment for denture patients under the charge of theDirector of the Dental Prosthetics Laboratoryaffording accommodation for 15 chairs, and also aspecial department for children with accommodationfor 20 chairs. The Members of the staff attendevery morning and afternoon to give demonstrationsand otherwise assist students in their work in theConservation Room and Prosthetics Laboratory.The Probationers’ Laboratory is supervised bythe Director of the Conservation Room togetherwith his Assistant, and instruction is given in

operative dentistry on a " mannikin " to studentsduring their first three months of clinical study bythe Staff Demonstrators. Students in Dental Pros-thetics are occupied with this subject for two years,during which time a graded, systematic, and fullcourse of instruction is given under the supervisionof the Director of the Prosthetics Laboratory, assistedby four demonstrators, a house surgeon, and skilledmechanics.

Dental students have the opportunity of attendingat this hospital the whole course of instruction requiredby the examining board for the B.D.S. Lond. or

L.D.S. Eng.-viz., the complete course in dentalprosthetics, the special lectures and practice of theDental Department, and the general lectures andpractice of the Medical School. Students who enterfor a medical as well as a dental course are allowedto pursue their study of Dentistry during anyperiod of their medical course most convenient tothemselves.

Fourteen house surgeons, 20 assistant housesurgeons, and 4 student demonstrators of DentalHistology are appointed annually. The followingappointments are held by students : Full surgeon’sdresser, assistant surgeon’s dresser, dresser in thechildren’s department, casualty dresser, dresser tothe director of the conservation room, probationarydresser, clerk to the anaesthetist and dresser in thegeneral anaesthetic and local anaesthetic rooms.

Two Entrance Scholarships are awarded annually inApril as follows: (1) A War Memorial Scholarshipin Arts of the value of 40 per annum for four years,open to students under 19 years of age. Candidatesare required to take English and any two of the

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following subjects : French, German, Latin, Greek,and Mathematics. (2) A Science Scholarship of thevalue of £40 per annum for four years, open tostudents under 20 years of age. Candidates are

required to take two of the following subjects :Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. Further informa-tion will be supplied by the Dean of the MedicalSchool.

King’s College Hospital Dental SchoolThe Dental School is part of the Medical School of

King’s College Hospital, and was opened in November,1923. The Dental Out-patient Department of theHospital is used for the performance of dentalextractions. A large Conservation Room with

provision for 40 dental chairs has been equipped.Smaller rooms are used for clinical teaching andadministrative requirements, and a specially equippedlaboratory for training in dental mechanics. AnX ray apparatus has been installed for use in dentalskiagraphy. The Dental museum contains a largenumber of specimens illustrating oral, buccal, dental,and other diseases. The library, lecture theatre,lecture rooms, common rooms, and the refectory areall available for the use of students. Courses ofstudy, including practical work, are provided forthe degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery of theUniversity of London, and for the Diploma in DentalSurgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.Special arrangements can be made for those studentswho wish to take a medical degree or qualificationin addition to a degree or diploma in Dental Surgery.The following salaried appointments are open to

qualified members of the School: Registrar, ResidentHouse Surgeon, Non-Resident House Surgeon, andTutors in Dental Mechanics, Operative DentalSurgery, and Dental Materia Medica.

Full particulars of the Dental School may beobtained on application to the Dean, or to theSecretary of the Medical School, King’s CollegeHospital, Denmark Hill, London, S.E.5.

London Hospital Dental SchoolThis school is a part of the London Hospital and

Medical College, and is fully equipped on the mostmodern lines and with the latest appliances. Itprovides a complete curriculum in all subjects forthe B.D.S. Degree and for the L.D.S. Diploma, andis admirably adapted for the purpose of teaching.The Conservation Room is well lighted andventilated, and fitted with pump chairs of thelatest pattern ; the fountain spittoons at many ofthe chairs have been specially designed. Eachspittoon’has attached to it a saliva ejector, hot andcold water, compressed air, gas and electric current,also a swing bracket to carry the student’s cabinet.Electric sterilisers are supplied in each departmentand motor engines where required. The schoolpossesses, in addition to the Theatres, Laboratories,and Museums in the College, a special Museum ofDental Anatomy and Surgery, Operative Dentistry,Prosthetic and Extraction Rooms, an X Ray Room,and Laboratories for Practical Metallurgy andProsthesis. A systematic course of instruction isarranged for pupils. The up-to-date Laboratorycontains every modern apparatus, and is in chargeof a skilled curator and his assistants. EntranceScholarship : Francis Farmer Entrance Scholarshipin Science, value £25 ; no age limit. Subjects :Chemistry and Physics. Prizes : The Harold FinkPrize in Operative Dental Surgery, value £8 8s. ; ;the " London " Prize in Dental Prosthesis, value£6 6s. Prizes are also offered for competition at theend of each of the courses of lectures in the curriculum.Connected with the Medical College and Dental Schoolare a Library, Athenasum, Clubs’ Union, Dining Hallwith moderate tariff, and an Athletic Ground. Anew Residential Hostel has been opened, and pro-vides accommodation for upwards of 50 students.For full particulars as to Scholarships and Prizes, feesand course of study advised, apply to the Dean of theMedical School.

TEACHING INSTITUTIONS OUTSIDE LONDON

Birmingham Dental HospitalThe Dental Hospital in Great Charles-street has

accommodation for 100 students. The equipmentis in accordance with the most modern require-ments for the efficient teaching and practice of DentalSurgery, including Radiology and a department forPractical Pathology and Bacteriology. The hospital,both internally and externally, has been renovatedand several departments have been reconstructed.The operations performed annually average 70,000,including gold and other fillings, crowns, bridges,porcelain inlays, jacket crowns, and injections forblock and infiltration anaesthesia. The orthodonticdepartment is one of the foremost in the country.The prosthetic and mechanical department is largeand well lighted and two highly skilled instructorsare always present, while two honorary officers givedaily demonstrations. Application for informationas to fees and scholarships must be sent to theRegistrar, University of Birmingham, or the Dean ofthe Dental Hospital, Birmingham.Leeds University School of DentistryThe School of Dentistry is adequately equipped to

provide for the complete training of the dental student.It forms a part of the Leeds School of Medicine whilstthe instruction in clinical and mechanical dentistry iscarried out in the Dental Hospital. The School isnow in occupation of a spacious new buildingespecially designed to the requirements of moderndental teaching. The School is also the dentaldepartment of the General Infirmary, and its closeassociation with the work of that institution ensuresan adequate supply of clinical material, and enablesa fuller insight into the position dental surgeryholds in relation to general medicine and surgery,especially with regard to the major diseases andinjuries of the head and neck. The courses of studyare mainly designed to meet the requirements of theB.Ch.D. and L.D.S. Leeds, but every opportunity isafforded to students preparing for the degrees or

diplomas of other licensing bodies. Full-timeteachers give the instruction in clinical dental surgery,prosthetic dentistry, and mechanics, which is carriedout under the supervision and direction of the Pro-fessor of Clinical Dental Surgery and members ofthe Honorary Staff. Special facilities are providedfor instruction in Orthodontia, Radiography, Localand General Anaesthetics, and Bacteriology. Prizesare offered for competition to students in theirrespective years of study. Post-graduate clinicalcourses are arranged in collaboration with the DentalBoard of the United Kingdom, and facilities exist tomeet the requirements of dental surgeons desirousof obtaining special post-graduate instruction. Com-munications should be addressed to the Warden,School of Dentistry, Leeds, from whom a prospectusmay be obtained.

University of ManchesterSchool of Dental SurgeryCourses of study are provided to meet the require-

ments for the B.D.S. Degree and the L.D.S. Diplomaof the University of Manchester, and for the L.D.S.Diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.At the Dental Hospital instruction is given in practicalDental Mechanics, Operative Dentistry, Diagnosisand Extraction, Orthodontics, Dental Prosthetics,Anaesthetics, and Radiography, by specially appointedClinical Teachers. All the courses of instruction areopen to women students. Copies of the prospectusmay be obtained on application to the Dean.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dental Hospital and Suther-land Dental School

This institution is a component part of, andconstitutes the Dental Department in, the Universityof Durham College of Medicine. A dental hospital,erected within the grounds of the Royal VictoriaInfirmary and equipped with the most modern

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apparatus, was opened in 1932, and it is possibleto undertake the whole of the dental curriculum-i.e., systematic lectures, dental and general hospitalpractice, together with the mechanical pupilage-at the College. The Dental Board of the UnitedKingdom recognises the school for the purpose ofgranting its bursaries to students who are able tocomply with the conditions laid down by the Board.The composition fees payable by dental students are£90 for all systematic lectures and laboratory work atthe College for the B.D.S. (or £85 for the L.D.S.),£50 for dental hospital practice for B.D.S. (or £40 forL.D.S.), £16 16s. for general hospital practice, and£80 for pupilage in mechanics. A dental prospectusand any other information may be obtained fromthe Dean, University of Durham College of Medicine,Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

SCOTTISH TEACHING INSTITUTIONS

Edinburgh Dental Hospital and SchoolThe Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School is

located in spacious and well-equipped buildings at 30,31, and 32, Chambers-street, and offers special advan-tages to dental students. The General Courses requiredfor the Dental Diploma may be taken in the MedicalSchool of the Royal Colleges of Physicians andSurgeons or in the University schools. The generalhospital attendance and clinical instruction are takenat the Royal Infirmary. The University, MedicalSchools, and Royal Infirmary are within three minutes’walk of the Dental Hospital. The special courses aretaken in the hospital. The Dental Hospital practice,extending over two years, affords a student ampleopportunity for a full acquaintance with every branchof dentistry. The hospital admits a limited numberof indentured pupils. They receive their instructionin Mechanical Dentistry concurrently with the generaland special courses. A premium of 60 guineas ispayable with each such pupil. The practice andlectures of the hospital are recognised by, and qualifyfor, all the Licensing Boards. Those students whodesire to take a Medical and Surgical Diploma inaddition to the L.D.S. have in this school admirablefacilities for so doing. The triple qualification of theRoyal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Edinburghand the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeonsof Glasgow is recommended. The Higher DentalDiploma (H.D.D.) of the Royal College of Surgeonsaffords an opportunity of obtaining a higher qualifica-tion subsequent to registration. The Prospectus, withfull information, may be obtained by application tothe Dean or the Registrar.

Glasgow Dental Hospital and SchoolThis hospital is located at 211, Renfrew-street, Glas-

gow. The school is open to Men and Women Studentsand Lectures are given on Dental Surgery, OperativeDental Surgery, Orthodontia, Dental Anatomy, andPhysiology, Dental Histology, Dental Mechanics,Crown and Bridge Work, Dental Metallurgy, DentalBacteriology, Radiology, Anaesthetics, and DentalMateria Medica. Lectures on general subjectsrequired for Dentistry may be taken at the Universityor at one of the extramural schools where specialprovision is made for Dental Students. The newDental Hospital is now open and is equipped withall the modern methods for teaching students. TheMuirhead scholarship of B150 for one year enablesa woman graduate to study for the higher dentaldiploma (H.D.D. Glasg.); and the Muirhead bursaryof ;B60 per annum for four years enables a womanstudent to obtain the L.D.S. of the Royal Facultyof Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. A Dall researchscholarship is open to men and women.

Glasgow Royal InfirmaryDental Department: The following course in the

curriculum can be taken at St. Mungo’s College :Anatomy, six months ; Practical Anatomy, ninemonths ; Physiology, six months ; Chemistry sixmonths ; Practical Chemistry, three months ; Surgery,six months ; Medicine, six months ; Materia Medica,

three months. Clinical Medicine (three months) andClinical Surgery (six months) are taken at the RoyalInfirmary.

IRISH TEACHING INSTITUTION

Dental Hospital of IrelandAll Dental Students who have passed their Second

Dental Examination in the Royal College of Surgeonsin Ireland (or an equivalent examination or examina-tions) are admissible to the Clinical Instruction ofthe Hospital. In addition to Clinical Instructionand Special Demonstrations, courses of lectures aregiven at the hospital on Dental Surgery and Pathology,Mechanical Dentistry, the Administration of Ama-s-thetics, Orthodontia, Dental Anatomy, and DentalMateria Medica, and instruction in Anaesthetics. Thecourse in practical Dental Mechanics can be taken inthe Hospital Laboratory. Post-graduate courses

are given in Orthodontics. Further particulars can beobtained from the Dean, at Lincoln-place, Dublin.

OBITUARY

WILLIAM;EDMUND CANT, M.B.E., F.R.C.S. Eng.WE regret to announce the death of Mr. William

Cant, who will always be remembered for his longand valuable work as director of the British Ophthal-mic Hospital at Jerusalem under the dispensationof the Order of St. John.

William Cant, who had attained a great age at hisdeath, received his medical training at St. George’sHospital where he qualified as M.R.C.S. Eng. in1867. He served as house surgeon to the hospitaland later held similar appointments at the West-minster Ophthalmic Hospital and the Seamen’sHospital. In 1874, Cant, who was a very capableyoung surgeon, obtained the diploma of F.R.C.S.Eng., served as house surgeon at the Hospital forSick Children, Great Ormond-street, and for a briefperiod was surgical tutor at the Bristol MedicalSchool. In 1886 he was sent by the Order ofSt. John of Jerusalem to take charge of their

ophthalmic hospital, at that time the only ophthalmichospital in a country where ophthalmia was one ofthe principal curses, and where cholera, scarlet fever,cerebro-spinal fever, enteric, and typhus were rife.Cant, who had in his wife a devoted assistant,showed that his choice as director of the BritishOphthalmic Hospital was well justified. Their workwas not limited to the organisation of the insti.tution ; they became the recognised friends andcounsellors of the neighbourhood, taking on theirphilanthropic duties with zest. The statistics of theBritish Ophthalmic Hospital show the prevalence ofmany varieties of eye disease, ophthalmia oftenappearing in epidemic form in the surroundingdistricts, while trachoma is quite common. For25 years Cant and his wife worked unceasingly, andas the sphere of the hospital activities enlarged theincreasing demand was met through Arab assistantswhom Cant trained. On his retirement he receivedthe M.B.E. and is known to have refused a moreimportant recognition of his work. He succeededBrudenell Carter as consulting surgeon to the BritishOphthalmic Hospital and was, at the time of hisdeath, senior fellow of the Royal College of Surgeonsof England.

NEW HOSPITAL FOR ENFIELD.-Enfield is inneed of a new general hospital, and it is hoped to securea site on high ground where a building with 120 bedscan be erected, leaving room for probable extensions.