teaching equipment designer and manufacturer · safety valve: • prevents the overpressures in the...

Teaching equipmenT designer and manufacTurer

Turbines .................................................... p. 181

radiaTion ................................................ p. 185

engines ................................................... p. 187

eVaporaTion-condensaTion . p. 188

ThermicaLs eXchange ............... p. 190

ThermodYnamics .......................... p. 197

conVecTion ....................................... p. 198

conducTion ...................................... p. 203

compressor ........................................ p. 204

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thermodynamiCS

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181

Thermodynamics Turbines1

• presentation constituent elements of an impulse turbine• determination of the characteristics of power and torque of the tur-

bine as a function of the rotational speed.• study of the influence of the air flow rate on the power• study of the influence of the number of nozzle used• cycle plotting on diagram Ts (-entropie temperature)• isentropic efficiency of the turbine

EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES

Turbine• Turbine single stage with axial flux ; maximum speed: 35000tr/

min; max power: 45W

injecTion nozzles• four nozzles with isolation valves.

brake• brake with belt mounted on the shaft of the turbine. The cooling is

assured by a compressed air supply

TorquemeTer• force sensor with strain gauge and indicator on the panel

TemperaTure• measurement of the air inlet and outlet of the turbine by probe pt

100 three wires

air flowraTe• float flowmeter with glass tube at the turbine outlet

roTaTion speed• optical sensor with npn converter

pressure manomeTer• manometer with bourdon tube scale of -1 to +1 bar

safeTy valve:• prevents the overpressures in the turbine

filTer regulaTor:• purifies the compressed air supplying the machine and reduces

the pressure

needle• ensures the adjustment of the tension of the belt of the brake of

the turbine

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V / 50 hz• compressed air: 7 bars

dimensions• LxWxh: 800x500x600 (mm)/Weight: 25kg

SERVICES REQUIREd

Impulse turbIne

TAA 100

182

thermodynamics

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Turbines1

• study of the operation of a gas turbine with two shaft lines inde-pendent to propane.

• flow rate measurement, pressure, temperature, angular velocity and torque

• measurement of electrical power.• angular speed regulation• Yields• safeties


cenTrifugal venTilaTor• compression 0.5 to 0.7 bars• air flow rate up to 500m3/h• Two operating modes

- Ventilator - auto supply

• filters to the supply

generaTing Turbine • a single stage centrifugal compressor

- compression ratio of 1.2 to 3 - air flow rate of 100 to 700 kg/h

• a single stage turbine - Keyed onto the compressor shaft - powered by the expansion of the gases coming from the com-bustion chamber

combusTion chamber• resistant stainless steel• Visualization hublot of flame• air supply by the compressor• propane supply• propane-air mixture• ignition by electric arc

circuiT propane• mano pressure reducer• solenoid Valve of ignition• solenoid valve normal operation• flowmeter of propane

a power Turbine• fueled by the expansion of gases escaping from the generating

turbine• speed reduction ¼• dc generator

- speed max 3750 rev/ min - power max 1.5 KW

cenTral of lubricaTion Turbines• distribution on the two shafts• exchanger water / oil

measures• 6 temperature measurements• 6 pressure measurements• 2 flow rate measurements• 2 rotation speed measurements turbines• 1 power measurement

manual seTTings• propane pressure• propane flow rate• powered by ventilator and self-power• power turbine speed

safeTies• combustion chamber temperature• Lubricating oil temperature• combustion chamber inlet air pressure• cooling system water pressure• detection of the flame• dc generator speed• speed variator default

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 400V three-phase + n + T – 25kW• Water: mains network supply• propane: standard bottle

dimensions• LxWxh: 2000x825x2000 (mm)

SERVICES REQUIREd

Gas turbIne unIt two shafts

TgT 1,5 kw

183

Thermodynamics Turbines1

operaTion of a sTeam Turbine uniT• steam boiler• steam turbine• alternator• Yields

measuring devices on The differenT circuiTs• Temperature• Level• pressure• flow rate

calculaTion of yields• steam boiler• superheater• steam turbine• steam condenser• cooling tower

sTudy and analysis on a waTer TreaTmenT sTaTion


sTeam boiler• permanent presence boiler with safeties• control box with alarm signaling by siren• 10 bar utilization pressure• oil burner

sTeam Turbine• steam turbine 1kW• rotation speed: 3000rpm• supply pressure: 10 bar• mechanical overspeed regulator• power-off valve

alTernaTor• direct mechanical connection to the turbine• production: 1000W-50hz to 1500rpm• production control by potentiometer dissipation of energy on elec-

tric resistors

cooling Tower• open tower with forced ventilation• power used: 90KW• Water circuit in continuous flow rate 6 m3/h

sTeam condenser• Tubular exchanger (water in the tubes)• recovery of condensates towards the feedwater tank by mecha-

nical pump

waTer Tank• Volume: 250L• material: stainless steel• controls: level, temperature• heating by the steam with injection nozzle• boiler supply pump

Tank fuel oil supply• Volume: 250L• material: stainless steel• controls: level, temperature• retention bin in the lower part

waTer TreaTmenT• automatic softener with regeneration of the resins• salt bins• Water treatment by adding specific product by dosing pump

elecTrical superheaTer• steam outlet temperature: 210 °c• digital pid temperature control

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 400V three-phase + n + T – 20kW• Water: mains supply

evacuaTions• fumes of the boiler• Wastewater• Valve discharge ducts

dimensions• boiler:

- LxWxh: 2000x1200x2000 (mm)• utilities group:

- LxWxh: 2300x1000x2000 (mm)• Turbine group:

- LxWxh: 1800x1000x2000 (mm)• cooling tower:

- LxWxh: 1200x1200x2200 (mm)

SERVICES REQUIREd

steam turbIne unIt 1kw

TvT 1 kw

184

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Turbines1

operaTion of a ThermoelecTric uniT• steam boiler• steam turbine• Yields

measuring devices• Temperature• Level• pressure• flow rate

safeTy devicesThermal exchanges• steam water• electric steam • Water combustion • Water air

waTer TreaTmenT


sTeam boiler 134 000kcal / h• 4.1m² heating surface• maximum temperature 192 °c• steam production 210kg/h• maximum pressure 12 bar• diesel burner• sensors temperatures, flow rate, level, pressure and safety.

sTeam user group 3600 rpm• steam turbine output atmos pressure or vacuum 3kW• Vortex effect flowmeter• pressure and temperature safety sensors

3. dynamomeTer 4.6 kva• connected directly to the turbine• data• rotational speed Torque, ammeter, Voltmeter• braking of the turbine• charge dissipation resistors

cooling Tower• open air circuit flow rate 1.7m3/s • Water circuit in continuous flow rate 15 m3/h

sTeam condenser• exchange surface 2.7m²

waTer Tank and condensaTes 250l• stainless steel• Temperature level safeties controls• steam heating• boiler supply pump

fuel supply conTainer 250l• stainless steel• glass level• sensor temperature and safeties

waTer TreaTmenT• automatic softener with regeneration of the resins• salt bins 100L• dose group with volumetric pump 100L

elecTrical superheaTer• 8kW power• measurements of temperature, pressure and safety• steam flow rate 210 kg/h• steam temperature 240 °c

desuperheaTer• exchanger plates 0.6m²• circulation pump 3.5m3/h• inlet temperature 240 °c• outlet temperature 188 °c• control and regulation outlet temperature

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 400V three-phase + n + T – 12kW• Water: mains network supply

dimensions• LxWxh: 4000x3000x3000 (mm)

SERVICES REQUIREd

steam turbIne unIt 3kw

TvT 3kw

185

Thermodynamics radiaTion2

• study of thermal radiation• emission - absorption.• demonstration of the laws of Kirchoff and LamberT and in-

verse squares.• surface temperature measurement by infrared.• influence of the distance and of the orientation of the source.


rail guides• profile anodized aluminum, graduated, mounted on adjustable

feet

infrared ThermomeTer• output 4-20 ma• With sighting device

Thermal source• mounted on graduated rotary support• heating element 675 watts• extension black surface at high yield • ssr variable power• pid digital regulation

differenT aluminum plaTes equipped wiTh probes pT100 Ω of surface:• shiny black plate• matt black plate• White plate• plate without paint

radiomeTer 0-1000 mw / cm²• measuring probe of radiance 0.2 to 1000 W/cm²

insTrumenTaTion• plates temperature indicator• indicator of surface temperature• (infrared thermometer)• programmable pid temperature controller

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono - 50/60 hz - 16 amp.


SERVICES REQUIREd

study of thermal radIatIon

pbr 010

186

thermodynamics

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radiaTion2

• study of thermal and luminous radiation.• demonstration of the laws of Kirchoff and LamberT and the

inverse squares.• Thermal and luminous energy according to the distance.• emission, absorption, reflection.


rail guides• profile anodized aluminum, graduated• mounted on adjustable feet

luminous source• mounted on graduated rotary support• 100 watt lamps - adjustable diffusion

colour filTers

plaTe wiTh variable orifice iris Type

lux meTer 0 – 100 000 lux• With analog output 0-1 Vdc

Thermal source• mounted on graduated rotary support• heating element 675 Watt• extension black surface at high yield • ssr variable power• pid digital regulation

differenT meTallic plaTes equipped wiTh probes pT100 of surface

radiomeTer 0 – 1000 mw/cm2• With analog output 0-1 Vdc

insTrumenTaTion• indicator of surface temperature• indicator of luminous intensity and of thermal energy

infrared ThermomeTer• output 4-20 ma

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono - 50/60 hz - 16 a


SERVICES REQUIREd

study of thermal and lumInous radIatIon

pbr 100

187

Thermodynamics engines3

• identification of components of a diesel engine and gas• determination of the torque and of the power according of the speed

of rotation• comparison of the practical results and the theoretical results• determining the overall efficiency of a diesel or gasoline engine (fuel

consumption and air, output power ...)• study of a four-stroke gasoline engine single cylinder• study of a single cylinder diesel engine.


gasoline engine wiTh The following specificaTions• Type: single cylinder, cooling air• cylinder: 270 cm3• power: 6.3Kw (8.5hp) @ 3600rev / min• maximum speed: 3700rpm• compression rate: 8.5: 1• bore x stroke: 77x58mm

diesel engine wiTh The following specificaTions• Type: single cylinder, cooling air• cylinder: minimum 349cm3• power: 5.5Kw (7.5hp) @ 3600rev / min• speed maximum: 3700rev /min• Torque: 16.6nm@2400rev/min• bore x stroke: 82x66mm

an elecTric brake (brushless moTor) wiTh The fol-lowing specifications:• dc-motor with variator• fan of cooling• maximum speed: 4000rev/min• maximum power: 10.5kW• adjustment of the rotational speed by potentiometer

Two Tanks (one for each fuel) compatible with diesel and gasoline. The connec-tion towards the engine is done via quick connectors. The tanks also included a filler cap, a blowhole, and a return connection for the diesel

an elecTric box• comprising the switching on buttons, Leds, the circuit breakers

necessary for safe operation of the equipment.

The engine parT is equipped wiTh a safeTy posiTion deTecTor

all The insTrumenTaTion below• measure of engine torque• measure of the speed of rotation• measure of the exhaust temperature• measure of the air flow rate• measure of a fuel consumption

The sysTem comes wiTh compleTe documenTaTion in english including:• Technical manual of use• Technical documentation of components• electrical diagram• a series of practical work• The documents are provided in electronic form in pdf or word

format

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 400Vac-tri-phase + neutral + earth-50hz• diesel (20L)• gasoline (20L)

dimensionsengine part:• LxWxh: 1500x800x1300 (mm)/Weight: 350kg

utilities part:• LxWxh: 1100x800x1900 (mm)/Weight: 130kg

SERVICES REQUIREd

test bench of combustIon enGInes

TmT 400

188

thermodynamics

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eVaporaTion-condensaTion4

• observation of the change in phase from liquid to vapour while heating the refrigerant. This unit permits observation of - convection currents - heat transfer - Various states of the refrigerant from supercooled liquid to overheated vapour.

• observation of the disruptive effect of air in a condenser


• glass concentric tube exchanger• pump and thermoregulator 500 W• refrigerating fluid tank with water condenser• air ejector with fountain (vacuum pump)• control valve for the condenser water flow rate• emptying and vacuum valve• safety valve• manometer• flow rate valve of the refrigerant.

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V single-phase - 50 hz – 0.5 kW• Water: 0.15 m3/h (refrigeration)• 0.5 m3/h (vacuum pump) 2 bars


SERVICES REQUIREd

demonstratIon of boIlInG

pbe 010

189

Thermodynamics eVaporaTion-condensaTion4

study bench of the condensatIon

bec 010

• Visualization of the condensation in drops and in film and of the boil• study of heat transfers• study of the relation temperature / pressure for the water at saturation.• Visualization of the effect of air in a condenser.


• glass Tube• heating resistance• heating control (3 kW maxi)• flowmeters (two)

- 50 to 800mL / min - 0.3 to 3 L / min

• condensers (two) (with drops, - With film)

• separator• cooler• manometer -1 to 1.5bars bar• safety valve• air ejector with water jet (vacuum generator)• exhaust air valve• ejector control valve• eleven temperature measurements

- Three by condenser - four for the inputs and outputs of water - one for the boiling temperature.

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono 50 hz – 3 Kw• Water: 3L/min maxi (2,5 bars required)


SERVICES REQUIREd

190

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ThermicaLs eXchange5

• co-current thermal exchanges.• Thermal exchanges counter-current.• Laminar or turbulent regime.• Thermal balance on the exchanger.


waTer reheaTer• capacity: 5 liters• settings of + 25°c to + 100°c• power 2000 W• agitation system included

hoT circuiT• closed circuit

exchanger• With concentric tubes• material: stainless steel• exchange surface: 168.6cm²

TemperaTure sensors T• 4 sensors: inputs and outputs• T type thermocouple• input and output of each exchanger circuit

flowmeTers• 2 flowmeters: hot and cold circuit• circuit hot: 50 to 800mL/min• cold circuit: 0.2 to 1.5L/min

valves• 2 setting valves hot and cold flow rate • multi-turn valves with needle

circulaTion pump• centrifugal pump

cold circuiT• connected to the network

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity : 230 V single phase-20a– 50 hz• Water : 2 l/mn-3bars


SERVICES REQUIREd

bench of thermal exchanGe mono-tubular

beT 010

191

Thermodynamics ThermicaLs eXchange5

• Visualization of boiling and condensation processes• effect of temperature and pressure on the evaporation process• highlighting of the increased efficiency of the heat exchanger with the

increased of number of interchange circuits for a constant flow rate• measuring the effect of the increase of the flow velocity of the cooling

fluid and the number of interchange circuits on the heat transfer coef-ficient

• study of the relation pressure/saturation temperature for water at low pressure..


• Three heating resistance • power regulation

- realize with a potentiometer • glass cylinder 1200 ml

- realize the evaporating liquid and condensation liquid on the exchangers

• four tubes coolers in stainless steel - with possibility of connection of several different ways (using the distributor)

• Temperature sensor probes (7) - 7 x Thermocouple : type T, 0...100°c

• differential manometer - measuring the losses in selected exchangers

• flowmeter and with control valve and sensor of flow - range cooling water : 0,2-1,5 l/min

• distributor - selection 1 circuit….4 circuit exchange

• steam manometer and pressure sensor - measuring the pressure in the chamber, range 0-10 bars

• overpressure valve 5 bars• drain Valve• Water inlet valve• Low level sensor to protect the resistances

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electrical supply: 230 V mono – 50 hz – 16 a • Water supply: 2L/min – 3 bars


SERVICES REQUIREd

boIlInG process heat exchanGer steam – water

beT 020

192

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sTudy of Thermal exchanges:• convection in a copper tube• exchange coefficient between the copper and the water (reY-

noLds number, brandT and nusseLT)• Thermal resistance due to copper• coefficient of exchange between the copper and the steam• power balance received by the water and deduction of heat losses• calculation of the specific heat of the refrigerant fluid r141b

laminar and TurbulenT regime• Vaporization phenomenon (evaporation and boiling) and

condensation.


• Low voltage indicator• Voltmeter• ammeter• Temperature indicator• manometer• power regulator• Temperature selection• Turning on the heating resistance• button that allows you to read the electrical power

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 Vac mono - 50/60 hz - • Water: network - 16 l/h


SERVICES REQUIREd

bench of thermal exchanGe VaporIzatIon prIncIpe

beT 030

193


• co-current thermal exchanges• counter-current thermal exchanges• highlighting the laminar and turbulent regimes


• a heat exchanger with concentric tubes• a tank for returning of the hot water

- stainless steel - Volume 70 liters

• centrifugal pump with magnetic drive• electrical resistance (3 KW) of heating the water• Low level probe• safety thermostat• Temperature probe for heating regulation• hot water flowmeter 1-10 l/min 9.• flowmeter hot water 10-90 l/h• cold water flowmeter 10. 20-180 l/h• flowmeter cold water 1-10 l/min• 6 thermocouples type T• filling valve• 4 selection valves co-current • cold water inlet valve• drain Valve• Valve of bypass

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono – 4 KW• Water network


SERVICES REQUIREd

concentrIc tubes exchanGer

beT 040

194

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• comparative study of three technologies of exchangers: plates, stainless steel tubular beam with glass calender, glass tubular beam with glass calender

• comparison of a co-current circulation and of a counter-current• calculation of thermal power• calculation of exchange coefficient• study of the influence of water flow rates


The bench beT100 allows the study of three industrial type heat exchan-gers. The bench comprises a reserve bin with a resistor which produces the hot water. cold water comes from the establishment network. The students will first need to select the exchanger to study and connect the inputs and outputs of water using hose equipped with self-sealing cou-plings. The flow rates are adjusted using multi-turn valves with handle.after a stabilization period, students must identify the operating parame-ters (temperature, flow rate) to calculate the different values required for the practical exercisesThe robust design of this equipment makes it suitable for use in schools.anodized aluminum structure on wheels gives it a very robust as well as a high flexible integration into your premises. The manufacturing of this equipment meets european machine directive• flowmeters of cold water with needle adjusting valve and selection

valve of the flowmeter used. scales: 15-150L/h and 100-1000 L/h• stainless exchanger plates, surface equal to 0.5m² minimum. equip-

ped with four temperature measurement at the input and output of cold water and hot water, circulation mode selection using self-sea-ling quick couplings

• stainless exchanger with stainless tubular beam, surface equal to 0.5m² minimum. calender glass with drain valve at the lower part. equipped with four temperature measurement at the input and output

of cold water and hot water, circulation mode selection using self-sea-ling quick couplings

• hot water tank with stainless steel and with lid. effective volume: 100L. heating resistors: 15KW. Low level sensor and built-in safety thermostat

• electrical supply box. including: protection (circuit breakers ..) power supply switch, button to switch on, multi lane indicator for tempera-ture probes of the exchangers and tank temperature indicator with thermostat

• flowmeters of hot water with needle adjustment valve and valve se-lection of the flowmeter used. scales: 15-150L/h and 100-1000L/h

• exchanger with glass tubular beam, surface equal to 0.5m² mini-mum. calender glass with drain valve at the lower part. equipped with four temperature measurement at the input and output of cold water and hot water, circulation mode selection using self-sealing quick couplings

• pump for circulating the hot water in stainless steel. max pressure: 2.3bars. max flow: 3000L/h. maximum temperature of the pumped water: 100 °c

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• power supply: 400 Vac - 50 hz - 32 a• power supply type: 3phase (s) + neutral + earth.• Water supply: 20 L/min - 2 bars• Water drain: at ground level• Water capacity: 100 L• dimensions (LxWxh mm): 1800x800x1780• Weight (kg): 180


SERVICES REQUIREd

study bench of 3 exchanGers

beT 100

195


study bench of the thermal exchanGes

STL 600

• study of a plate thermal exchanger• calculation of the thermal balance• calculation of effectiveness of the exchanger• calculation of the exchange coefficient• influence of the flow rate of cold water• influence of the hot water temperature


flowmeTer of cold waTer• scale from 0.2 to 1.5L/min• glass tube• stainless floater

brazed plaTe exchanger• input at low point• output at high point• possibility to switch to counter-current

T. TemperaTure probe• Type pt100• connection 3 wires• four probes placed at the entrance and exit of the heat exchanger

insTrumenTaTion:• The bench includes a digital display for temperature probes. it

simultaneously displays 3 temperatures. The scrolling can be ma-nual or automatic.

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 Vac mono – 50 hz-10a• cold water: 1,5 l/mn (network)-20°c maxi• or supply by the bench sTL050• hot water: 0,5 l/mn-40°c mini• (supply by the bench sTL100)


SERVICES REQUIREd

196

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coolInG tower

pTr 010

chamber of air disTribuTionvariable flow raTe cenTrifugal fan

cooling Tower TransparenT• With three different linings:• coarse honeycomb • fine honeycomb • honeycomb with perforated surface

diaphragm for The measuremenT of The air flow raTe

differenTial pressure manomeTer connecTed To The diaphragm

group of waTer heaTing• Water volume : 7L• power : 3500W• Low-level security for the prote the resistance

genTrifugal pump of circulaTion• 1,8 m3/h – 21 mce

h. floaT flowmeTer • 0 – 150 L/h

valve flow raTe regulaTing of hoT waTerauxiliary auTomaTic waTer• Water is contained in a graduated tank• (consumption measurement)• The solenoid valve auxiliary is controlled by a level sensor in the

group f

TemperaTure measuremenT• t1: water of group• t2: departure water tower• t3: return water tower• t4: air inlet tower• t5: air outlet tower•

measuring relaTive humidiTy• h1: air humidity input tower • h2: air humidity output tower

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electrical supply: 230 Vac – 50 hz – 20 a • Water: filling tank, very low consumption


SERVICES REQUIREd

• study of the thermal exchange water/air-thermal balance yield.• monitoring the evolution of the air on the psychrometric diagram.


197

Thermodynamics ThermodYnamics6

• study of the rankine cycle.• plotting of the combined cycles on enthalpy diagram.• calculating the cooling capacities at the evaporator, to the condenser

with the ejector-compressor, as well as steam generator.• calculation of thermal balances to the exchangers• calculation of the yields.


refrigeranT sTeam generaTor• Volume 0,68 l• preheat liquid coil 1/4Ø

ThermoregulaTor group• capacity 5 l• heat transfer fluid: oil• power 2 kW

ejecTor-compressor• suction and compression of the refrigerant steam

condenser• glass casing - copper coil• cooled by water

a diaphragm pump wiTh variable flow raTe• equipped with nonreturn valves at the suction and discharge• maximum pressure: 10 bar• maximum flow rate: 20 l/h

evaporaTor• glass calender• Variable power cartridge heater• expansion Valve

insTrumenTaTion• Three measures of pressure• Ten temperature measurements by thermocouple T (Ti)• digital temperature indicator• Variable area flowmeter and control valve on the water to the

condenser• ammeter, voltmeter on the supply to the heating cartridge with

variable power.

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 Vac-20a - 50hz• Water: 250 l/h


SERVICES REQUIREd

study of the rankIne cycle

crr 100

198

thermodynamics

fLu

ids

dYn

am

ics

mea

sure

men

TTh

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inee

rin

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conVecTion7

• determination of heat transfer and of the exchange coefficient for a transversely placed tube in a flux

• determination of the coefficient of exchange for a tube placed in a bundle of tubes in staggered rows

• determination of the exchange coefficient for a cross exchanger tubes in staggered rows

• determination of the numbers reYnoLds prandTL, nusseLT• same applications for a finned tube in an exchanger in staggered

rows.


fan-moTor ensemble• equipped with an output damper for control of the flow rate

measuring ducT equipped wiTh a manomeTer for flow raTe measuremenT, Two Thermocouples for TemperaTure measuremenT• This duct can be equipped with one of the three arrangements

described above.

conTrol panel wiTh:• a power on button• fan control• The heater control of the heating cylinder (the cartridge is equip-

ped with a thermocouple) with indication of the power• The display of the temperature of the air duct

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono – 50 hz


SERVICES REQUIREd

exchanGer by conVectIon

pTc 050

199

Thermodynamics conVecTion7

highlighting the free and forced convection. heat transfer measure-ment in free or forced convection in the following cases:• flat vertical plate• exchanger consists of several lines of cylinders• exchanger with vertical thin plates


• air duct rectangular and its chassis• Test turntable (three possible arrangements)• Variable speed fan• hot wire anemometer• Temperature probes• control box with:

- heater control - control of the fan speed - Temperatures display

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono - 50/60 hz


SERVICES REQUIREd

free and forced conVectIon

pTc 060

200

thermodynamics

fLu

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conVecTion7

study bench of heat transmIssIon

pTc 100

• study of thermal exchanges on a plate by forced convection.• influence of the inclination of the plate on the transmission of heat to the

ambient air by free convection and radiation.• study of the different thermal conductivity of insulating materials.


The bench of the heat transmission is composed of:• an aluminum profile chassis equipped with a heating plate sup-

port with tilt and variable positioning and an inclined plane console.

• a heating plate - homogeneous heating with power below 300 watts - Very low thermal inertia

• a set of plates of different insulating materials of which their ther-mal conductivity will be determined.

• a variable speed fan (variable flow rate) to study the transmission of heat by forced convection.

• The instrumentation: - a temperature regulator associated with a power metering - setpoint between the ambient and 70 °c

- a fan speed controller - a voltmeter and an ammeter for the holding power measure-ment in temperature

- a surface temperature probe and ambient temperature - electrical safety.

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono - 50/60 hz


SERVICES REQUIREd

201

Thermodynamics conVecTion7

heaTing• Temperature range: 0 to 299 °c• heating method: electrical resistance• Type of regulation: digital by regulator with thyristor block• accuracy: 0.1 °c

cooling• Type of cooling: water exchanger (coil) supply by network• cooling control: manual multi-turn valve• measurement: float flowmeter and digital display of the exchanger

temperature (input and output)

pressure• measurement: digital vacuometer connected to a pressure sensor• measuring range: 1 to –0.95 bar• production of vacuum: vacuum pump (included in the bench)• pressure range: 1 to –1 bar

elemenTs of measuremenT (sensor)• shape: circular• quantity: 2• colors: gray and black• measurement: digital display of the temperature of each sensor

TEChNICAL dETAILS

• calculation of exchanges by radiation and convection• draw the warm-up and cooling curves of the two bodies• draw the absorption and emission curves of the two bodies under

vacuum.


supply• electricity : 220/240 Vac single phase + earth – 50 hz –600W• Water: network 0,4l/min-2bars.


SERVICES REQUIREd

study bench of natural conVectIon and radIatIon

pTc 040

202

thermodynamics

fLu

ids

dYn

am

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men

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conducTion8

• study of thermal exchanges by conduction.• study of the laws of linear and radial conduction.• determining the thermal conductivity of different materials.• study of the resistance of a contact surface and of the variation.• List of temperature gradients according to different transfer levels.• study of the influence of the addition of a conductive paste

between the samples and the heat source..


The sTudy uniT of The Thermal conducTion is com-posed of: • an aluminum chassis profile with a linear conduction study mo-

dule and a study module of the radial conduction; the whole equipped with a connectable cooling circuit.

• an electric console comprising: power regulation / temperature of the heating elements, analog interface / digital of the set of modules temperature probes. usb output for visualize in real time the heat transfer and the temperature measurements.

• The linear conduction study unit• metal cylinder Ø 25 mm heat emitter, isolated from the outside,

with three temperature probes distributed linearly.• metallic cylinder of heat receptor, isolated from the outside, with

three temperature probes. This element is cooled by the circula-tion of cold water.

• The demonstration cylinders, Ø25 brass, stainless Ø25, Ø15 brass, of different metals, are isolated from the outside, and are equipped with three temperature probes spaced apart linearly. The sample change occurs rapidly by simple action on a spring clamping lever. This module allows to study the influence of the nature of the materials and the contact surface between the ele-ments on the transmission of heat energy.

• study module of the radial conduction• a metal disk, isolated from the outside, is heated in its center.

six probes spread linearly between the center and the periphery (cooled by circulating water) allow to follow the propagation of heat.

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 230 V mono phase – 50/60 hz• Water network supply:3 l/min• pc not supplied


SERVICES REQUIREd

study of the thermal conductIon

pcT 010

203

Thermodynamics conducTion8

• measuring of the conductivity of liquid and gas after calibration of the unit with the air.


• cold source of cooling - supply by water circulation type « WaTer JacKeT »

• cylindrical hot source - internal cylinder equipped with a heating cartridge

• heating cartridge (100 W)• annular space containing the fluid to be studied

- disposition of the liquids or the gas• control box including:

- The power regulator and its indicator - a temperature indicator with channel selector

• a voltmeter / ammeter

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• power supply: 230 V mono - 50hz - 20a• Water supply: 3 to 5 L/min – 3 bars


SERVICES REQUIREd

study of the thermal conductIVIty of lIquIds and Gases

pcT 020

204

thermodynamics

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compressor9

• study of a compressor• power• Yield• Work• flow rate• pressure• study of diaphragms• pressure-flow rate report.


• Tank 200 Liters• Three-phase asynchronous motor 3KW• compressor single cylinder, swept volume 30 m3/h• The tank purge valve• measuring point at the air inlet (p1; T1)• measuring point at the outlet of the compressor (p2, T2)• measuring point at the outlet of the tank (p3, T3)• measuring point at the outlet of air (p4, T4)• diaphragms• operation and control of the casing• pressure switch• air filter• silencers• quarter-turn valve• needle valve of pressure adjusting with:

- differential pressure sensor - digital indicator: - electrical power consumption - pressure differential to the diaphragm

supply• 230 V mono phase - 50/60 hz


SERVICES REQUIREd

TEChNICAL dETAILS

test bench of aIr compressor

pcb 050

205

Thermodynamics compressor9

air filTer

measured air flow inTake for diaphragm and ma-nomeTer in u

air compressor• built according to ce standards• Two-stage• swept volume: 42 m3/h• power 4 kW• electric motor belt transmission• Tank capacity 270 liters

air exchanger - waTer firsT floor• part air equipped with a water separator and a tank• part water: exchange against the current

air exchanger - waTer second sTage • identical to the 1st stage

flow raTe measuremenT by diaphragms

insTrumenTaTion• Ten temperature sensors and digital display• five pressure sensors and manometers• four safety valves• a differential pressure manometer• four diaphragms• an air flowmeter• Two cooling water flowmeters• a wattmeter• a digital differential pressure sensor

TEChNICAL dETAILS

• study of a compressor• power• Yield• Work• flow rate• pressure• study of diaphragms• pressure-flow rate report


supply• electricity : 400 Tri• Water network


SERVICES REQUIREd

two-staGe aIr compressor and dIaphraGm study

pcb 100

206

thermodynamics

fLu

ids

dYn

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• study of a two-stage air compressor• overall yield, polytropic, isentropic and isothermal• influence of the rotational speed on the yield• heat balances on the intermediate exchangers• air flow rate measurement by a diaphragm


air filTer

measuremenT of The inTake air flow raTe for The diaphragm and manomeTer in u

air compressor• Two-stage piston compressor• aspirated volume: 39 m3/h• maximum pressure: 10 bar• rotation speed 1290tr / min

elecTric engine• power: 4Kw• rotation speed: 3000tr / min• engine in balance for torque measurement• control of the speed of rotation by variator (1800 to 3000tr/ min)

exchanger air-waTer firsT sTage• Tubular exchanger cooled by water (exchange against the current)• Water separator with automatic air vent at the output

exchanger air-waTer second sTage• identical to that of the first stage

sTorage Tank of compressed air • accordance with the guidelines of pressurized equipment• 100L Volume• purge valve in the lower part and safety valve

measuremenT of The flow raTe of compressed air• automatic reducer for the output pressure regulation (3 bar)• float flowmeter• control valve at the output and exhaust silencer

insTrumenTaTion• Ten temperature sensors with a digital indicator• six pressure manometers• Three safety valves• a differential pressure manometer• a diaphragm• a float air flowmeter• Two cooling water flowmeters• a wattmeter• an engine rotational speed sensor with digital indicator• an engine torque sensor with digital indicator

TEChNICAL dETAILS

supply• electricity: 400Vac three phase + neutral + earth- 50hz-10a• Water : 10L/min-2bars


SERVICES REQUIREd

two-staGe aIr compressor

pcb 200

compressor9

teaching equipment designer and manufacturer · safety valve: • prevents the overpressures in the...

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