SUBJECT CODE: DSS 1013

SUBJECT NAME: Professionalism and Ethics in Education

Lecturer’s Name : Miss. Bawani MK.

E-mail : bawani@msu.edu.my

MAY 2013Week 8 & 9

Teacher’s Teacher’s ResponsibilityResponsibility

ACCOUNTABILITY – DEFINITION 1

Accountability means to be responsible for the decisions that you make and the will power to carry out those decisions.

CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITYAccountability is a set of procedures that collect

and combine information regarding outcomes and costs to facilitate decision-making.

In ‘teaching’ –means efficient discharge of relevant educational services that meet professional standards.

-not only mere discharge of duties by teachers but involves a high standard of teaching that reflects the competence and dedication of the teacher. Encompasses the definition of objectives, the development of practices that enable the teacher to achieve those objectives, and the assessment of the extent to which these objectives have been met.

CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITYRELEVANT LIMITING

CONDITIONS

(no performance)

CONSEQUENCES

Rewards/sanctions)

OR EVALUATIO

N USAGE

FOR WHAT

process

outcome

TO WHOM

Internal eternal

EVALUATION DATA +

STANDARD = Judgment

about performance

WHO IS RESPONSIBL

E

OTHER DEFINITIONS OF ACCOUNTABILITY

Students’ Personal GainIndividual accountability means that the

school should have incentives to enable every student to achieve success. If tis fails and the student does not achieve the success, he has the right to seek compensation because he has suffered loss due to non-occurrence of learning.

FeedbackThe aim of accountability is to maintain and

improve the system of education and wherever possible, to produce evidence of such an effort.

Achievement of ObjectivesAccountability in education implies that the

system of education is responsible for the achievement of educational objectives.

Process for maximum resultsAccountability should produce maximum

results for its users in a particular system. It means that a person has to explain his actions.

From a wider perspective, accountability is a general report prepared by outside inspectors on students’ expected performance for the money spent or resources used.

This definition has 3 aspects:1.expected students’ performance2.evaluation by outside inspectors3.general report for the public

The expected performance of the students is what the education officer would state when he submits a proposal to seek funds from the higher authorities. The proposal would have to mention the circumstance under which the performance can be observed and the kind of instrument that would be used to measure such performance. The panel of inspectors consists of personnel who are skilled in the evaluation of students’ expected performance as an outcome of the funds allocated.

The general report would enable the public to see the extent to which the educational objectives have been achieved. The public has the right to know since they pay income tax, part of which is spent on building new schools, training new teachers and paying teachers’ salaries.

In Malaysia, the teacher’s accountability needs to be reported to the Minister of Education / Minister of Higher Education.

BENEFITS OF ACCOUNTABILITYInclude the following:1.Teachers must ensure that all students learn

according to their capability.2.Students would be motivated in their studies.3.The emphasis on students’ performance would

inspireteachers to try out new approaches to teaching.4.The resources of the school would be more

accessible and oriented towards the individual rather than group.5.The evaluation will be more oriented.6.Puts the public in the know about happenings in schools. Brings about a closer relationship between school and society.

TYPES OF ACCOUNTABILITY

You should be accountable for :•Yourself•Your profession•Your students•Your performance•Your school•Your society

ACCOUNTABILITY IN TEACHINGIn the context of teaching, accountability

means efficient discharge of educational services that meet professional standards and improving the academic and moral standard of the students who are depending on you for their career and future.

AN ACCOUNTABLE TEACHERWill help students to be motivated in their

studies. Will supervise the student’s performance. Will help students to achieve their career and future.

ACCOUNTABILITY IN A TEACHERA sense of accountability in a teacher will make

him :ResponsibleJustifiableProfessionalEthical

SCOPE OF ACCOUNTABILITYFunds Teaching personnel Facilities Protection of primary clients Direct services Support services Other administrative services Organizational management

ANGLES OF ACCOUNTABILITYProfessional Accountability Legal Accountability Academic Accountability Social Accountability Psychological Accountability Moral Accountability

ACCOUNTABILITY – DEFINITION 2Accountability is the responsibility that

goes with the authority to do something. The responsibility is to use authority justifiably and credibly.

ACCOUNTABILITY IN KNOWLEDGEThe teacher should master the subject he is

teaching. He should have knowledge that extends

beyond just fulfilling the needs of the syllabus.

He should know more than what he is required to teach.

He should be in a position to satisfy the students’ quest for knowledge

Accountability Towards the Parents.As tax payers, parents have the right to

expect teachers to perform well to improve their children’s academic performance. Students with problems in learning should be assisted so that they do not drop out of school.

Besides academic performance parents also expect teachers to inculcate noble values in their students. They should also be taught interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. It is a fact that students with good interpersonal skills form healthy relationships with other people. Those with good intrapersonal skills are able to manage their emotions and are not overly sensitive to comments or constructive criticism.

Teachers are also expected to play the role of counsellors to assist students overcome various types of problems.

Accountability Towards the Education Programme.The teacher has to constantly work towards the achievement

of the following:

1.To assist an individual to achieve overall development2.To equip an individual with the knowledge and skills to

distinguish right from wrong, and to separate facts and opinions from prejudiced viewpoints.

3.To prepare an individual for life-long education which will enable him to continually adapt to the changes brought about by science and technology.

4.To develop an understanding and acceptance of the democratic ideals of the constitution.

5.To help them internalize the principles of the RUKUNEGARA.

6.To equip the individual with communication skills so that he can form healthy relationships with other people.

Accountability towards NationThe teacher has to work towards theimplementation of the National education

Policywith the following focus:1.Education as a continuous process2.Development of an individual’s potential3.Overall and harmonious development of an

individual4.Overall and balanced development5.Intellectual development6.Development of the spiritual, emotional and

physical aspects

CONT’D7.Belief in God8.Producing citizens who are skilful9.Producing citizens who are knowledgeable10.Producing citizens who are of good moral

conduct11.Producing citizens who are responsible.12.Producing citizens who are able to

contribute towards the harmony and progress of society and the nation.