• Teacher’s name: Haitam Hleihil• Grade : 9 “2”• School : Segev shalom high school• Subject : modals & semi-modals

Modalsand

Semi Modals

Here are some of the modals & semi-modals

cancould

may might

must

shouldBe able to

have to

Use• We use modals and semi-modals to add meaning to the

verb.

• We use can/could to add meaning of: 1) ability: I run fast I can run fast 2) permission: you can invite your friend.

• Could is the past form of can : I could run fast when I was young.

• We use must to talk about obligation : I must go to school everyday.

• We use may to add meaning of : 1) possibility: it may rain later today. 2) permission: you may use my phone. • We use might to add meaning of possibility: we might go out later today.

• We use should to add meaning of suggestion: you should study more

Modals

FormModals behave the same with all of the pronouns:

IYou can/could We may/mightThey shouldHe mustSheIt

1. Modals are always followed by a verb in its base form and come after the subject.

Rule: subject modal verb in base form

EXAMPLES:He can speak English vs. He speaks

English You may go out . She may take the book to school. They should do their homework.We must wake up early.

Negative form2. We use "not“ after the modal to make negative form.

EXAMPLES:He should not be late.They might not come to school.I cannot eat any more cakes.

3 .Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.

EXAMPLES:

He will can go with us.  WRONG

She must studied very hard. WRONG

Semi modals

• Many modals cannot be used in all of the English tenses. That's why we need to know their meaning and the substitute for these modal verbs.

Semi-modals

Be able to

We use this semi-modal to express:• ability • Permission use:We use “be able to” in the past,

present and future tense.

presentPositive: I am able to walk.Negative: I am not able to walk.Yes/no question: Are you able to walk?

Wh-question: When are you able to walk?

pastpositive: I was able to run. Negative: I was not able to run.

Yes/No question: Were you able to run?

Wh-question: Why were you able to run?

• Positive: I will be able to run fast.• Negative: I will not be able to run

fast.• Yes/no question: will you be able to

run?• Wh-question: why will you be able to

run?

future

have to - has to had to – will have to

= it is necessary=shows obligation and giving advice.

have to/has to –in the present/near futurehad to –in the pastwill have to –in the future

Present

IYou have toWe don’t have toThey

He She has toIt doesn’t have to

*Don’t have to/doesn’t have to: it’s not necessary

Forming questionsYes/no questions: To form yes/no question we put the helping verb “do”/”does”

in the beginning of the sentence :For example: 1)you have to do your homework. Do you have to do you homework? she has to do her homework. Does she have to do her homework?

• Wh question:we add wh-word at the beginning of the yes/no question to for

wh-question.For example: Do you have to do your homework? why do you have to do your homework? Does she have to do her homework? Why does she have to do her homework?

pastIYouWe had to They didn’t have to HeSheIt

Forming questionsYes/no questions: To form a yes/no question in the past tense we put the

helping verb “did” at the beginning of the sentence:for example: she had to do her homework. Did she have to do her homework?Wh-questions: To form wh-question we add a wh-word at the beginning of the

yes/no question: for example: Did she have to do her homework? why did she have to do her homework?

Future IYouWeThey will have toHe will not have toSheIt

• Yes/no questions: To form a yes/no question in the future tense we put the

word “will” at the beginning of the sentence:for example: she will have to do her homework. will she have to do her homework?• Wh-questions: To form wh-question we add a wh-word at the beginning of the

yes/no question: for example: will she have to do her homework? why will she have to do her homework?

 

Practice time• http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewga

me.asp?id=1793