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3

t I u c h u n v i t n a mtcvn

tcvn 6834-1: 2001

iso 9956-1 : 1995

c tnh k thut v chp nhn cc

quy trnh hn vt liu kim loi

Phn 1: Qui tc chung i vi hn nng chy

Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials

Part 1: General rules for fusion welding

H ni - 2001

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Li ni u

TCVN 6834-1 : 2001 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 9956-1 : 1995;

TCVN 6834-1: 2001 do Tiu ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC 44/SC 11

Chp nhn nhn vin hn bin son,Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Chtlng ngh, B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng ban hnh.

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t i u c h u n v i t n a m TCVN 6834-1 : 2001

c tnh k thut v chp nhn cc quy trnh hn

vt liu kim loi

Phn 1: Qui tc chung i vi hn nng chy

Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials

Part 1: General rules for fusion welding

1 Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny qui nh cc qui tc chung i vi c tnh k thut v s chp nhn cc quy trnh hn

vt liu kim loi. Tiu chun ny cng c lin quan n mt s tiu chun khc v cc qui nh chi tit

cho cc ng dng ring.

Gi thit rng c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn c s dng trong sn xut do th hn lnh ngh,

c chp nhn ph hp vi TCVN 6700 : 2000 (ISO 9606) tin hnh.

Tiu chun ny p dng c cho sn xut vi thit b hn thng thng do th hn trc tip iu

khin. Tiu chun ny c th cha p dng cho hn t ng hon ton hoc hn vi rbt khng

c s iu khin ca con ngi (h thng hn thng minh).

Tiu chun ny c p dng khi cn chp nhn quy trnh hn, v d theo yu cu hp ng, theo cc

tiu chun, cc qui tc hoc cc yu cu v php lut. Vic s dng mt phng php c bit

chp nhn mt quy trnh hn thng l mt yu cu bt buc ca tiu chun. Trong trng hp khng

c yu cu ny, phng php chp nhn phi c tho thun gia cc bn tham gia hp ng trong

giai on tm hiu hoc t hng.

2 Tiu chun trch dn

ISO 857 : 1990 Cc phng php hn, hn ng (hn vy cng) v hn thic (hn vy mm) - Tvng. (Welding, brazing and soldering processes - Vocabulary).

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ISO 4063 : 1990 Hn, hn ng (hn vy cng), hn ng thau v hn thic (hn vy mm) cc kim

loi - Thut ng cc qu trnh hn v s hiu trch dn cho trnh by k hiu trn

bn v. (Welding, brazing, soldering and braze welding of metals - Nomenclature of

processes and reference numbers for symbolic representation on drawings).

TCVN 6115 : 1996 (ISO 6520 : 1982) Phn loi v gii thch cc khuyt tt trong cc mi hn nng

chy kim loi

TCVN 6700-1 : 2000 (ISO 9606-1 : 1994) Kim tra chp nhn th hn - Hn nng chy. Phn 1: Thp.

TCVN 6700-2 : 2000 (ISO 9606-2 : 1994) Kim tra chp nhn th hn - Hn nng chy. Phn 2:

Nhm v hp kim nhm.

TCVN 6834-2 : 2001 (ISO 9956-2 : 1995) c tnh k thut v s chp nhn cc quy trnh hn vt liu

kim loi - c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn h quang.

TCVN 6834-3 : 2001 (ISO 9956-3 : 1995) c tnh k thut v s chp nhn cc quy trnh hn vt liu

kim loi - Kim tra quy trnh hn h quang i vi thp.

TCVN 6834-4 : 2001 (ISO 9956-4 : 1995) c tnh k thut v s chp nhn cc quy trnh hn vt

liu kim loi - Kim tra quy trnh hn h quang i vi nhm v hp kim nhm.

3 nh ngha

Tiu chun ny s dng cc nh ngha sau:

3.1 Quy trnh hn (welding procedure): Qu trnh thc hin phi tun theo trong vic ch to mt

mi hn, k c cc thng tin v vt liu, chun b, nung nng trc (nu cn), phng php v s kim

tra cng vic hn, x l nhit sau hn v thit b cn thit c s dng.

3.2 Cc phng php hn (welding processes): i vi thut ng v nh ngha: theo ISO 857 v

i vi h thng nh s: theo ISO 4063.

3.3 c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn s b; pWPS (preliminary welding procedurespecification; pWPS):c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn tm thi m c s ch to xem l hp l

nhng cha c chp nhn.

Ch thch 1 - Vic hn cc chi tit kim tra cn thit chp nhn c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn c

thc hin trn c s c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn s b.

3.4 c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn; WPS (welding procedure specification; WPS):Ti liu

cung cp mt cch chi tit cc thng s cng ngh hn cn thit i vi mt quy trnh c th bo

m tnh lp li.

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3.5 Hng dn cng vic hn (work instruction): c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn c n

gin ha, thch hp cho vic ng dng trc tip trong sn xut.

3.6 c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn c chp nhn (approved welding procedure

specification): c tnh k thut m quy trnh hn c chp nhn ph hp vi TCVN 6834 : 2001

(ISO 9956).

3.7 Bo co chp nhn quy trnh hn; WPAR (welding procedure approval record; WPAR):Bo

co bao gm tt c cc s liu thch hp t vic hn chi tit kim tra cn thit cho vic chp nhn c

tnh k thut quy trnh hn cng nhtt c cc kt qu th ca mi hn kim tra.

Ch thch 2 - C th cn n mt hoc nhiu bo co chp nhn qui trnh hn chp nhn mt c tnh k

thut quy trnh hn v trong mt s trng hp c th ch cn n mt bo co chp nhn quy trnh hn

chp nhn nhiu c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn.

Ch thch 3 - WPAR trc y c k hiu WPQR.

3.8 Kinh nghim hn (previous welding experience): Khi cc s liu kim tra xc thc chng t

rng cc quy trnh hn trong sn xut ca c s ch to c nng lc ch to ra cc mi hn c cht

lng chp nhn c sau mt khong thi gian.

3.9 Vt liu hn c chp nhn (approved welding consumable): Vt liu hn hoc t hp cc

vt liu hn c ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra c lp kim tra v cp giy chng nhn.

3.10 Th quy trnh hn (welding procedure test):Ch to v kim tra mt lin kt hn i din

c dng trong sn xut chng minh tnh kh thi ca quy trnh hn .

3.11 Quy trnh hn tiu chun (standard welding procedure): Quy trnh hn c ngi kim

tra hoc c quan kim tra c lp kim tra v cp giy chng nhn v c th dng c cho c s ch

to bt k.

3.12 Th hn trc sn xut (preproduction welding test): Th hn c cng mt chc nng nh

th quy trnh hn, nhng da trn c s chi tit kim tra phi tiu chun m phng cc iu kin ca

sn xut.

3.13 Vt liu hn (welding consumables):Cc vt liu tiu th trong qu trnh ch to mi hn, bao

gm kim loi b sung, thuc hn v kh bo v.

3.14 Cc thng s cng ngh hn (welding variables)

3.14.1 Thng s cng ngh hn ch yu (essential variable): Thng s cng ngh c nh hngn c tnh v/ hoc tnh cht luyn kim ca lin kt hn.

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3.14.2 Thng s cng ngh hn ph (additional variable): Thng s cng ngh khng c nh

hng n c tnh v/hoc tnh cht luyn kim ca lin kt hn.

3.15 Phm vi chp nhn (range of approval): Khong m rng chp nhn i vi mt thng s

cng ngh hn ch yu.

3.16 Kim loi c bn (parent metals)

3.16.1 Vt liu tiu chun (standard material):Kim loi c bn c thnh phn ho hc, c tnh,

phng php x l nhit v.v... xc nh, c sn xut v giao hng theo mt tiu chun hoc c tnh

k thut ton din tng t.

3.16.2 Nhm vt liu tiu chun (group of standard materials):S xc nh cho mt nhm vt liu

tiu chun t

ng t nhau.

3.16.3 M vt liu tiu chun (batch of standard materials):Kim loi c bn c cng thnh phn

ho hc c tnh, x l nhit v.v... l mt n v giao hng t mt c s ch to duy nht (v d: nh my

luyn thp); m vt liu c gii hn bi ch mt ln np liu.

3.17 Chi tit kim tra (test piece):Lin kt hn c dng trong kim tra chp nhn.

3.18 Mu kim tra (test specimen):Mt phn hoc mt on c ct ra t chi tit kim tra thc

hin th ph hu qui nh.

3.19 Kim tra (th) (test): Lot cc nguyn cng bao gm ch to mt chi tit hn kim tra v th

khng ph hu v/hoc th ph hu tip sau v bo co kt qu.

3.20 Lin kt hn ng nht (homogeneous assembly):Lin kt hn trong kim loi hn v kim

loi c bn khng c s khc nhau ng k v tnh cht c hc v/hoc thnh phn ho hc.

Ch thch 4 - Mt lin kt hn c ch to t cc kim loi c bn tng t nhau, khng c kim loi b sung

c coi l lin kt hn ng nht.

3.21 Lin kt hn khng ng nht (heterogeneous assembly):Lin kt hn trong kim loi mi

hn v kim loi c bn c s khc nhau ng k v c tnh v/hoc thnh phn ho hc.

3.22 Lin kt t kim loi khc loi (dissimilar metal joint): Lin kt hn trong cc kim loi c

bn khc nhau ng k v c tnh v/hoc thnh phn ho hc.

3.23 Khuyt tt (imperfection): S khng lin tc trong mi hn hoc sai lch v hnh dng hnh

hc so vi yu cu; cc khuyt tt bao gm, v d: vt nt, khng ngu, r kh, ln x.

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Ch thch 5 - TCVN 6115 : 1996(ISO 6520) bao gm mt danh sch y cc khuyt tt.

3.24 Sai lch v c tnh luyn kim (metallurgical deviation): Cc thay i v c tnh v/hoc t

chc ca kim loi mi hn hoc vng nh hng nhit so vi tnh cht ca kim loi c bn.

Ch thch 6 - Cc thay i v luyn kim bao gm gim bn, gim do, gim dai khi ph hu v.v...trong kim loi mi hn v cc vng nh hng nhit. Cc thay i v luyn kim c to thnh bi thay i v

nhit trong qu trnh hn cng vi thay i v thnh phn ho hc v t chc ca kim loi mi hn.

3.25 C s ch to (manufacturer): Ngi hoc t chc chu trch nhim v sn xut hn (xng

hn).

3.26 Th hn (welder) : Ngi thc hin vic hn.

Ch thch 7 - Thut ng chung c dng cho c th hn tay v th hn my.

3.27 Th hn tay (manual welder): Th hn cm v thao tc km cp que hn, m hn, m hn hi

bng tay.

3.28 Th hn my (welding operator): Th hn vn hnh thit b hn c c kh ho mt phn

chuyn ng tng i gia gi in cc, m hn, m hn hi v chi tit hn.

3.29 Ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra (examiner or test body):Ngi hoc t chc c

cc bn tham gia hp ng ch nh kim tra s ph hp vi tiu chun p dng.

3.30 Ngi cung cp vt liu hn (supplier of consumables): Cng ty sn xut hoc cung cp vt

liu hn.

4 c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn

Tt c cc hot ng v hn phi c lp k hoch y trc khi sn xut; vic lp k hoch phi

cung cp c tnh k thut ca quy trnh hn (WPS) cho tt c cc lin kt hn. WPS phi ph hp viTCVN 6834-2 : 2001 (ISO 9956-2). Mc c tnh k thut phi thch hp vi phng php chp nhn

chn.

Mt WPS phi c coi l mt pWPS cho ti khi c chp nhn ph hp vi tiu chun ny.

Ngoi WPS, c s ch to c th chun b cc hng dn cng vic hn s dng trong thc tin

sn xut. Cc hng dn cng vic hn khng phi l bt buc tr khi c yu cu ca c s ch to.

Nu c chun b, cc hng dn cng vic hn phi:

- c chun b trn c s WPS c chp nhn;

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- xc nh cc gi tr cho qu trnh hn do th hn s dng i vi tt c cc thng s cng ngh

hn ch yu do th hn trc tip iu khin. Cc gi tr ny c th l cc gi tr iu chnh my,

min l c s tng ng c xc nh r gia cc gi tr iu chnh my v cc gi tr ca cc

thng s cng ngh hn ch yu v thng s ph c xc nh trong WPS.

5 Chp nhn cc quy trnh hn

5.1 Qui nh chung

5.1.1 Cc phng php chp nhn

Tiu chun ny xc nh mt s cc phng php chp nhn cc quy trnh hn. Mi phng php chp

nhn c mt s gii hn ng dng i vi qu trnh hn, kim loi c bn v vt liu hn (nu c s

dng). Cc gii hn ng dng cc phng php chp nhn khc nhau c gii thiu trong tt cc cc

phn ca tiu chun TCVN 6834 : 2001 (ISO 9956-2).

Mi WPS ch c chp nhn bi mt phng php. Vic s dng mt phng php chp nhn ring

cho mt quy trnh hn thng l yu cu bt buc ca tiu chun p dng. Trong trng hp khng c

yu cu ny, phng php chp nhn phi c tho thun gia cc bn tham gia hp ng trong giai

on kho st hoc t hng.

Ph lc A cung cp mt s hng dn cho vic ng dng mi phng php chp nhn. S chp nhn

phi t c bi mt trong cc loi ti liu sau:

- kinh nghim hn (xem 5.2);

- vt liu hn c chp nhn (xem 5.3);

- th quy trnh hn (xem 5.4);

- quy trnh hn tiu chun (xem 5.5);

- th hn trc sn xut (xem 5.6).

5.1.2 ng dng

C s ch to phi chun b mt WPS ph hp vi iu 4. Xng sn xut phi bo m rng pWPS

p dng c cho thc tin sn xut khi s dng kinh nghim ca sn xut trc y v vn kin thc

chung ca cng ngh hn. Tip theo, pWPS phi c chp nhn bi mt trong cc phng php c

gii thiu trong 5.1.1.

Nu s chp nhn i hi vic hn cc chi tit kim tra th cc chi tit kim tra phi c hn ph hp

vi pWPS.

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Tt c cc quy trnh hn phi c chp nhn trc khi hn trong thc tin sn xut.

5.1.3 S gim st

Khi s chp nhn t c bng mt php th quy trnh hn hoc th hn trc sn xut, tt c cc

hot ng bao gm vic chun b v lp rp c lin quan n hn, kim tra v th cc chi tit kim tra

phi c ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra gim st.

5.2 Chp nhn bng kinh nghim hn c trc

C s ch to c th c mt WPS c chp nhn bi kinh nghim c trc y vi iu kin l, bng

ti liu xc thc, thch hp, c tnh c lp, h c th chng minh c rng trc y h hn c kt

qu tt loi mi hn v cc vt liu ang c xem xt.

Phm vi cho php i vi mt WPS c chp nhn bi s tham kho kinh nghim sn c phi c

gii hn cho vt liu tiu chun, cc qu trnh hn, vt liu hn v phm vi ca nhng thng s cng

ngh hn ch yu v hn m kinh nghim y sn c c th c ghi thnh ti liu.

Ch thch 8 - Thng tin v cc chi tit k thut khc qui nh cc yu cu i vi th chp nhn khi dng kinh

nghim hn sn c s c gii thiu trong TCVN 6834-2 : 2001 (ISO 9956-2).

5.3 Chp nhn bng cch s dng vt liu hn c chp nhn

Mt s vt liu khng b suy gim cht lng mt cch ng k trong vng nh hng nhit, min l

ngun nhit cp vo trong gii hn qui nh. i vi cc vt liu ny, mt WPS phi c coi l c

chp nhn vi iu kin l cc vt liu hn c chp nhn v tt c cc thng s ch yu v hn

trong phm vi s dng cho vic chp nhn. Chp nhn bng cch s dng vt liu hn c chp

nhn phi c gii hn cho cc qu trnh hn h quang c s dng kim loi b sung.

Tt c cc hot ng c lin quan n hn, th v kim tra cc chi tit kim tra l trch nhim ca

ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra c lp. Ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra phi ra phm vicho php ca vic chp nhn i vi cc thng s cng ngh hn ch yu cho vt liu hn c chp

nhn.

Ch thch 9 - Cc thng tin b sung v cc chi tit k thut khc qui nh cc yu cu i vi th chp nhn

khi dng vt liu hn c chp nhn xem phn tip theo ca TCVN 6834 - 2001 (ISO 9956).

5.4 Chp nhn bng th quy trnh hn

Cc php th quy trnh hn phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc phn tng ng ca TCVN 6834 :

2001, (v d xem TCVN 6834-3 : 2001 (ISO 9956-3), TCVN 6834-4 : 2001 (ISO 9956-4).

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5.5 Chp nhn bng mt quy trnh hn tiu chun

Mt WPS do c s ch to chun b s c chp nhn nu cc phm vi i vi tt c cc thng s

cng ngh hn trong phm vi cho php ca mt quy trnh hn tiu chun. Mt quy trnh hn tiu

chun phi c chun b v chp nhn bi ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra c lp. Ngi kim

tra hoc c quan kim tra c lp phi thm tra vic chun b mt pWPS, hn cc chi tit kim tra, th

nghim v kim tra, v phi chun b mt WPS cui cng ph hp vi tiu chun ny cho vic th quy

trnh hn.

Tuy nhin, phi c bit lu n c tnh k thut thc s ca cc thng s cng ngh hn ch yu

to ra WPS c chp nhn khng l thuc vo kt cu ring bit ca my hn hoc cc iu kin

c th trong qu trnh hn cc chi tit kim tra. Khi c ngi kim tra hoc c quan kim tra chp

nhn, WPS cui cng tr thnh mt quy trnh hn tiu chun i vi bt k c s ch to no.

Ch thch 10 - Thng tin v cc chi tit k thut khc qui nh cc yu cu i vi th chp nhn khi dng mt

quy trnh hn tiu chun s c gii thiu trong TCVN 6834-2 : 2001 (ISO 9956-2).

5.6 Chp nhn bng th hn trc khi sn xut

Chp nhn bng mt php th hn trc khi sn xut c th c dng khi hnh dng v kch thc ca

cc chi tit kim tra [v d xem TCVN 6834-3 : 2001 (ISO 9956-3), iu 6.2] khng i din cho mi

ni s c hn, v d mi hn nh cho ng mng.

Trong nhng trng hp ny phi ch to mt hoc nhiu chi tit kim tra c bit m phng tt c

cc tnh cht ch yu ca mi ni trong sn xut, v d: nh hng ca s hn ch, kch thc, hiu

qu ca ch thot nhit. Php th phi c thc hin trc khi sn xut v trong cc iu kin s

dng trong sn xut. Vic kim tra v th cc chi tit kim tra phi c tin hnh nghim tc trong

phm vi cc yu cu ca cc phn tng ng ca TCVN 6834 : 2001 v d TCVN 6834-3 : 2001 v

TCVN 6834-4 : 2001 nhng php th ny c th c b sung hoc thay th bng cc php th c

bit theo tnh cht ca mi ni v phi

c s ng ca ng

i kim tra hoc c quan kim tra. Phpth hn trc khi sn xut t kt qu tt s chp nhn bt k WPS no tng t vi WPS c dng

trong th nghim ny.

Ch thch 11 - Thng tin v cc chi tit k thut khc qui nh cc yu cu i vi th chp nhn khi dng

mt quy trnh hn tiu chun c gii thi trong TCVN 6834-2 : 2001 (ISO 9956-2).

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Ph lc A

(tham kho)

Hng dn p dng v la chn phng php chp nhn

Tiu chun ny cung cp mt h thng tiu chun i vi c tnh k thut v s chp nhn cc quy

trnh hn. H thng ny cn ph hp vi cc nguyn tc ca hu ht cc tiu chun quc gia v c th

cho php chuyn dn thnh mt h thng quc t thc s.

Chp nhn bng cch tham kho kinh nghim hn sn c (xem 5.2) c mt s ng dng. Ch nhng

quy trnh hn c rt ra t kinh nghim l ng tin cy v cn c s dng trong nhng trng hp

ny.

Chp nhn bng cch s dng vt liu hn c chp nhn (xem 5.3) c s dng nhiu nm

trong mt s ngnh cng nghip. Vic chp nhn cc vt liu hn c thc hin theo s do nh

nc qui nh.

Chp nhn bng cch th quy trnh hn (xem 5.4) c tiu chun ho trong nhiu tiu chun quc gia

v

c s dng rng ri trong nhiu n

c. Mt php th quy trnh hn c th l mt loi chp nhnkh tn km. Th quy trnh hn l cn thit khi cc tnh cht ca vt liu trong kim loi mi hn v cc

vng nh hng nhit trng thi gii hn i vi vic ng dng.

Chp nhn bng cch tham kho mt quy trnh hn tiu chun (xem 5.5) hin nay c s dng qui

m kh hn ch; cch chp nhn ny ch bao hm mt s t cc qui nh ca nh nc. Loi chp nhn

bng mt quy trnh hn tiu chun c sc hp dn v c chi ph thp cho vic chp nhn i vi c s

ch to.

S quc gia i vi quy trnh hn tiu chun ang c pht trin mt s nc. ISO 9956 c th

so snh vi cc s .

Chp nhn quy trnh hn trc sn xut (xem 5.6) it c quan tm tiu chun quc gia. Song n rt

cn thit cho cc quy trnh hn c bit

Chp nhn bng th hn trc khi sn xut l phng php chp nhn ch c tin cy i vi mt s

quy trnh hn m cc tnh cht do mi hn to ra ph thuc rt ln vo mt s iu kin nh: thnh

phn, cc iu kin gii hn c bit, cc ch thot nhit v.v... khng th ti to li c bng cc chitit kim tra tiu chun ho.

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Ch thch 12 - Th cc chi tit kim tra hoc cc sn phm hon chnh c th c tin hnh trong qu

trnh sn xut thc t nhl mt phn ca chng trnh kim tra cht lng theo thng k da trn c s th

ph hu. Th trong sn xut nhtrn khng c dng nhmt php th thay th cho th trc sn xut v

yu cu i vi th trc sn xut khng c dng cho th trong sn xut.

Ch thch 13 - Trong nhiu trng hp, cc php th kh thi c tin hnh trc sn xut mc d quy trnh

hn c chp nhn. Cc v d l cc php th chy r ca cc my hn mi v cc php th ca mt quy

trnh hn c thit lp trong mt mi ni hoc v tr khng bnh thng. Cc chi tit kim tra c hn trong

cc php th kh thi thng c xem xt v kim tra ch i vi cc khuyt tt. Vic tham kho tiu chun

ny khng nn hiu l mt yu cu i vi bt k php th kh thi no v l mt yu cu i vi chp nhn

quy trnh hn bng th hn trc sn xut.

________________________