TCP/IPCIS 454

Dr. GanesanMonday 6:10-10:00 p.m.

Presented by:Rahmat Fazilat

Jeff HoJoseph KwonBic Mohandie

TCP/IP AGENDA

Speaker Introduction to TCP/IP Bic Mohandie

TCP/IP Model Bic Mohandie

TCP/IP Model vs.OSI Model Bic Mohandie

TCP/IP Utilities Joseph Kwon

DNS and WINS Jeff Ho

DHCP RahmatFazilat

Introduction to TCP/IP

Evolution of TCP/IP

Overview of TCP/IP

Benefits of Using TCP/IP

Birth of Internet, TCP/IP & Related Items

70 75 80 85 90 95 2000

Apranet 69

Email 72

Ethernet 73

UUCP 76

Usenet 79

Minitel 81

TCP/IP 82

DNS 84WWW 90

NSFNET 86

Mosaic 92

Netscape 94

Java 95

92 94 95 9693First Web Sites

Yahoo

NetMarket

Java

GNN

Iworld

CNN Digicash

MS Net Explorer

Overview of TCP/IP

What is TCP/IP?• TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to

allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network

• TCP/IP is composed of layers

• Made up of two acronyms:TCP - Transmission Control ProtocolIP - Internet Protocol

Overview of TCP/IP

What is TCP?What is IP?TCP/IP provides:

Connection oriented communications Confirmation of reception - reliable link Ordering of received information Addressing of individual processes with a

machine (TCP ports)

Benefits of TCP/IPTCP/IP:

• Provides an enterprise-widenetwork solution

• Is an open standard

• Provides connectivity to the Internet

• Provides robust WAN connectivity

TCP/IP:

TCP/IP Model

Application/ProcessLayer

Host-to-HostLayer

InternetLayer

Network AccessLayer

TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP defines a four layer model consisting of:

• Network Access Layer

• Internet Layer

• Host-to-Host Layer

• Application Layer

TCP/IP Model vs. OSI Model Application

Layer

Application/ProcessLayer

PresentationLayer

SessionLayer

Host-to-HostLayer

TransportLayer

InternetLayer

NetworkLayer

Network AccessData Link

Layer

Layer PhysicalLayer

Layer 1

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

TCP/IP Utilities

File Transfer Utilities

Interactive Utilities

Printing Utilities

Troubleshooting Utilities

File Transfer Utilities

FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) transfer files to and from a computer running

an FPT service.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) connectionless file transfer protocol command line system required a TFTP server on the other host

File Transfer Utilities

RCP (Remote Copy Protocol) copies files between an NT computer and a

remote system running RSHD(Remote Shell Daemon).

Interactive Utilities

Internet Explorer internet browser.

Telnet connect to another system using

terminal emulation.

Printing Utilities

LPR (Line Printer Request) output to the printer. lpr -SServer -PPrinter [-CClass]

[-JJobname] [-O option] filename

LPQ: read the status of a print queue on a remote system.

lpq -SSever -PPrinter [-l]

Troubleshooting Utilities

Ping

Basic troubleshooting utility.

Check a connection between two machines.

Example: ping 38.249.127.100Pinging 38.249.127.100 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 38.249.127.100: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128

Troubleshooting Utilities

IPCONFIG: check all the appropriate configuration parameters

are set up in the system.

Finger: check users running on theremote system. This is handyif you need to shut down asystem remotely.

Troubleshooting Utilities

TRACERT: traces the connection between a local and atarget machine; does notrequire the target system’sIP address.

NSLookup: name service lookup for a specific computer ornetwork domain.

TCP/IP Softwares

Network Access Site 3.0

PC-Xware 5.0

TCP/IP V6.2

Domain Name System (DNS) AND

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

Domain Name System (DNS) AND

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

Jeff Ho

Domain Name System (DNS)Domain Name System (DNS)

Principle designer of DNS was Dr. Paul Mockapetris

Set of protocols and services on a TCP/IP network which allow users to utilize hierarchical user-friendly names

Used extensively on the internet and in many private enterprises

Overview of DNSOverview of DNS

A DNS is composed of a distributed database of names which establish a logical tree structure called the domain name space.

Each node/domain in the domain name space is named and can contain subdomains.

The domain name identifies the domain’s position in the logical DNS hierarchy in relation to it’s parent domain by separating each branch of the tree with a period “.”.

DNS Servers and the InternetDNS Servers and the Internet

The root of the DNS database on the Internet is managed by the Internet Network Information Center (http://www.internic.com).

Top-level domains were assigned organizationally and by country.

Two-letter and three-letter abbreviations are used for countries, and various abbreviations are reserved for use by organizations.

DNS DomainDNS Domain

com Commercial (microsoft.com)

edu Educational (mit.edu)

gov Government (whitehouse.gov)

int International (nato.int)

mil Military operations (army.mil)

net Networking organizations (nsf.net)

org Noncommercial organizations (fidonet.org)

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

Part of the Microsoft Windows NT Server

Manages the association of workstation names and locations with Internet Protocol addresses (IP addresses)

Overview of WINSOverview of WINS

Automatically creates a computer name-IP address mapping entry in a table.

Automatically updates changes in the subnet in the WINS table.

Complements the NT Server’s DHCP, which negotiates an IP address for any computer when it is first defined on the network.

Difference with DNS and WINSDifference with DNS and WINS

DNS information for a particular domain is configured through static configuration files. WINS information database is built dynamically without human intervention.

WINS and DNS are used to resolve different types of services. DNS is used to resolve service types like HTTP. WINS name resolution is used to resolve names of NETBIOS services.

DYNAMIC HOST DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL

(DHCP)(DHCP)

IN WINDOWS NT IN WINDOWS NT ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Rahmat FazilatRahmat Fazilat

DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOLPROTOCOL

DHCP overview How DHCP works IP management Management of DHCP data Advantages

DHCP OVERVIEWDHCP OVERVIEW Dynamic host configuration protocol, centralizes network

configuration and automates address assignment, often on a leased basis.

DHCP is a way for network computers to get their TCP/IP setting at boot time from a central server

Enterprises with over 75 TCP/IP users will reap the benefits of DHCP server

With DHCP, you need to hard code only one IP address

A NETWORK OFFERING DHCP A NETWORK OFFERING DHCP SUPPORTSUPPORT

ROUTER WITH BOOTHP

DHCP CLIENT DHCP CLIENT

DHCP CLIENTDHCP

SERVER

NETWORK 128.0.0.0128.0.0.1

NETWORK 129.0.0.0

129.0.0.1

129.0.0.2

HOW DHCP WORKSHOW DHCP WORKSDHCP requires the use of a client and a server

DHCP clients sends out a broadcast “DHCP discover”

The DHCP server determines if they can provide

configuration information for the client

The client selects one of the addresses and sends a request to

use that address to the DHCP server

The DHCP server acknowledges the request and grants the

client a lease to use the address “DHCP offer”

The client uses the address to bind itself to the network

HOW DHCP WORKSHOW DHCP WORKS

DHCP server reserves an IP address for specific duration

Lease renewal request are sent automatically

Defining short lease times assist networks that have

limited quantity of IP addresses

If the DHCP client is turned off for the day, the DHCP

server reclaims the IP address and puts it back in the IP

pool

IP MANAGEMENT OF DNS AND DHCP DATAIP MANAGEMENT OF DNS AND DHCP DATA

DHCP ADVANTAGESDHCP ADVANTAGES

Eliminates TCP/IP configuration error IP management solution will save more then 80% in the

form of labor and maintenance costs Centralized configuration management Supports remote and mobile computers easily Ease of administrative burden of moving machines Increase efficiency of all network services Improves flexibility

The End