tcp
DESCRIPTION
TCP. Transport Control Protocol Reliable In-order delivery Flow control Responds to congestion “Nice” Protocol. TCP Header. TCP flow control. Window based Sender cannot send more data than a window without acknowledgements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TCP
• Transport Control Protocol
• Reliable In-order delivery
• Flow control
• Responds to congestion
• “Nice” Protocol
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TCP flow control
• Window based
• Sender cannot send more data than a window without acknowledgements.
• Window is a minimum of receiver’s buffer and ‘congestion window’.
• After a window of data is transmitted, in steady state, acks control sending rate.
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Flow control
• Congestion window is increased gradually
• At the beginning, set cwnd = 1
• For each ack, double the cwnd until a threshold
• Increase by 1 for a window of acks after that.
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Reliable delivery
• Sender, Receiver keep track of bytes sent and bytes received.
• Acks have an indication of next byte expected.
• Three duplicate acks considered a packet loss - sender retransmits
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Congestion Control
• Traffic on the network is constantly changing.
• Packets may be lost due to transmission errors, switch buffer overflows, receiver buffer overflows.
• Packet loss is taken as an indication of congestion.
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Congestion Response
• TCP reduces sending rate on packet loss
• cwnd is halved on a packet loss
• cwnd is set to 1 on a timeout
• TCP follows -- Multiplicative Decrease and Additive Increase policy for window adjustments
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Congestion Response
• Queue length reduction takes qudratic time
• Multiplicative decrease allows sufficient time to reduce queue lengths -- Jacobson
• Jain -- Multiplicative decrease and additive increase allows ‘fair’ sharing of bandwidth.
• TCP -- ‘good’ citizen - allows fair sharing, avoids congestion collapse.
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TCP Congestion Response
• TCP responds to congestion.
• Increases window size until a packet loss
• This allows maximization of utilization.
• No Congestion avoidance mechanism
• Number of Proposals - TCP Vegas -- includes a rate adjustment mechanism based on observed delay.
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DECbit
• Indicate congestion by setting a bit in the packet.
• Receiver echoes the bit to the sender.
• Sender adjusts sending rate based on percentage of marked packets.
• Avoids congestion before it happens
• Reduces the stair-case affect of TCP.