taxonomy fundamentals workshop

TaxonomyFundamentals

Workshop

Taxonomy Boot Camp, October 16, 2012, Washington, DC

Marjorie Hlava, PresidentAccess Innovations, Inc.

www.accessinn.com

Heather Hedden

Hedden Information Managementwww.hedden-information.com

http://www.accessinn.com/

http://www.hedden-information.com/

Introductions

Marjorie HlavaPresident, Access Innovations, Inc.

Heather HeddenTaxonomy Consultant, Hedden Information Management

Author, The Accidental Taxonomist

Outline

• The basics – 30 minutes

• More details: Polyhierarchies and Facets– 30 minutes (including exercises)

• “Taxonomatch” – 15 minutes

• Implementation and applications – 15 minutes

• Q & A

© 2012. Access Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Basics – 30 minutes

• What is a taxonomy?• What are the parts of a taxonomy?• How do you build one?• Guidelines for the terms• Subject Matter Experts (SME’s)• 40 slides


What is a Taxonomy? ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005

“A collection of controlled vocabulary terms organized into a

hierarchical structure.”

controlled

Missing: equivalence, associative relationships, and notes

Yes!

© 2011. Access Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved. © 2012. Access Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Semantic Road Map: Knowledge Organization Systems

Semantic network

Ontology

Thesaurus

Taxonomy

Controlled vocabulary

Synonym set/ring

Name authority file

Uncontrolled list• Unrelated Entities• Ambiguity

• Linked Entities• Contextual Specificity

• Simple• Low value

• Complex• High value

Uncontrolled list

Highest Cost over Time!


Basic features - The term record

• Main Term (MT) • Top Term (TT)• Broader Terms (BT)• Narrower Terms (NT)• Related Terms (RT)

– See also (SA)• Non-Preferred Term (NP)

– Used for (UF), See (S)– Synonyms

• Scope Note (SN)• History (H)

= subject term, heading, node, category, descriptor, class

TAXONOMY

THESAURUS

ONTOLOGY


Taxonomy? Thesaurus?• Often used interchangeably• Thesaurus is a taxonomy with extras

– Related Terms– Non-preferred Terms (USE/Used for)– Scope Notes– More

• Taxonomies often have the actual information object at the final node.

• CMS and SharePoint tend to the hierarchical view only, definition, and USE


Copyright © 2005 - Access Innovations, Inc.

Taxonomyview

ThesaurusTerm Record

view


How do you build a taxonomy ?

• Define subject field• Collect terms• Organize terms• Fill in gaps• Flesh out and interrelate terms• Apply to your data

You’re done!


Define subject field

• Review representative collection of content• Determine:

– Core areas – Peripheral topics

PsychologyEducation

Sociology

Law

• Scope can be modified later


Build, buy, augment?• Survey existing thesaurus/taxonomy resources for your domain• Test for

• Scope• Depth• Make-or-break terms• Cost

• Adoption of existing taxonomies– Term registries– Taxobank– Taxonomy Warehouse– Other resources

Don’t reinvent the wheel!


Foundations• Start with what is known• Build from there• Use the literature, your data• Use internal lists• Built-in continuous review throughout the

process, and beyond• Who is involved?

– Taxonomists– Subject matter experts– Project management– Users


Collect terms• Your documents and databases• Departmental terminology• Textbooks and their indexes• Book tables of contents and indexes• Journal quarterly indexes• Encyclopedias• Lexicons, glossaries on the topic• Web resources• Users and experts• Search logs


Gather terms from search logs

• Top 100 search terms from search logs• Terms used more than 50 times• Match to website with appropriate answer• Basis for favorites or best bets, presented at

the top of results list• Behavior-based taxonomy


How do you choose terms?

• Importance in the subject area• Use in the literature, by the organization or

community• Necessary degree of specificity or detail• Relationship with other controlled

vocabularies• Single concept = single term


One term / one concept

• Terms represent simple or unitary concept• A unit of thought• May be a single-word term• May be a multiword term is required to

represent the concept• Three main categories

– Concrete entities – Abstract concepts– Proper nouns

“A unit of thought, formed by mentally combining some or all of the characteristics of a concrete or abstract, real or imaginary object. Concepts exist in the mind as abstract entities independent of terms used to express them.”


Concrete entities as terms

• Things and their physical parts– Birds

• Feathers

• Buildings• Floors

• Materials– Cement – Wood – Lead

– Cards and Chips


Abstract concepts as terms• Actions and events

– evolution, skating, management, ceremonies• Abstract entities

– law, theory• Properties of things, materials, and actions

– strength, efficiency• Disciplines and sciences

– physics, meteorology, mathematics• Units of measurement

– pounds, kilograms, miles, meters, nanoseconds


Proper nouns as terms

• Individual entities – “classes of one” – expressed as proper nouns – San Francisco, Lake Michigan

Thesaurus standards exclude proper names, persons, and trade names authority files. Taxonomies include them as final nodes.


Organize terms – roughly• Sort terms into several major categories – logical

groups of similar concepts as Top Terms– Identify core areas and peripheral topics– 10 – 20 to start– Consider moving proper names to authority files

• Result: loose collection of terms under several main headings– Rough and tentative – see how it fits as you go– Initial gap analysis– Add / modify / delete as needed


How do terms relate?

• Hierarchical relationships– Parents and their children

• Equivalence relationships– Aliases

• Associative relationships– Cousins– See also’s

TAXONOMY

THESAURUS


Hierarchical relationships

• Broader Term represents the class, whole, or genus

• Narrower Term is a member, part, or species– Generic relationship– Whole-part relationship– Instance relationship

• NT inherit all the BT characteristics • BTs/NTs have a reciprocal relationship


Broader to narrower terms

Politics

ElectionsPresidential elections

Gubernatorial electionsMayoral elections


Hierarchy – Whole-part relationship

• Four general types – Body systems and organs

• Ear Middle ear

– Geographical locations• Bernalillo County Albuquerque

– Fields of study• Geology Physical geology

– Hierarchical social structures• Ontario Manitoulin District


Hierarchy – Instance relationship

• General category (common noun) as BT, with individual example (proper noun) as NTI (Narrower Term Instance)

Seas French cathedralsBaltic Sea Chartres CathedralCaspian Sea Rheims Cathedral

Mediterranean Sea Rouen Cathedral

Essentially identical to “final node” in taxonomies


Polyhierarchical relationship

• Term can logically fit under more than one Broader Term – can have Multiple Broader Terms (MBT)

• Part of ISO standards, new to ANSI/NISO

Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations, Inc.

Nurses Health administrators Nurse administrators Nurse administrators

Finance Careers Accounting Accounting


Generic relationship test – 1 • Both terms in same fundamental category• “All-and-some” test

SOME ALL

SOME NOT ALL

Rodents

Squirrels

Pests

Squirrels

Inheritance or inclusion – what’s true of the parent (BT)

is true for all children (NTs)


Pests

Generic relationship test – 2

Squirrels

Rodents

ALL squirrels are rodents x NOT ALL squirrels are pestsx NOT ALL pests are rodents


Equivalence relationship• Preferred Term

– Thesaurus term and valid for indexing– Thesaurus notation: USE

• Non-Preferred Term– Not valid for indexing– An alias or imposter– Entry point, directs user to Preferred Term– Thesaurus notation: UF or NPTSpiders Plant pathology UF Arachnids USE Phytopathology


Equivalence – when to use• Synonyms, slang, quasi-synonyms• Scientific and trade names

– Ibubrofen UF Motrin™• Lexical variants

– Fiber optics UF Fibre optics– Mouse UF Mice

• Upward posting of narrow concepts not specified in taxonomy or thesaurus– Social class UF Elite, Middle class, Working class

Get equivalent terms from search logs, brainstorming…


Associative relationship• Related Terms (RTs) – cousins• “…terms related conceptually but not hierarchically, and

are not part of an equivalence set” (i.e. not synonyms)• Both valid for indexing• Reciprocal relationship with each other• Expands user’s awareness, reflects thesaurus

coverage of unanticipated areas• Main basis for the ontology • 14 main options offered in Z39.19


Scope Notes (SN)• Indicate meaning of the term in the context of

this thesaurus, for this audience– Stress – Mental, Psychological, Physiological

• Could be the definition or glossary• Indicate any restriction in meaning• Indicate range of topics covered• Provide direction for indexers; for terms often

confused, may suggest an alternative term• Use as needed – may not be for every term• Use a style guide• Be concise


Stating the terms

• Term format• Grammatical issues• Singular and plural forms• Spelling• Abbreviations and acronyms• Capitalization• Other punctuation• Consistency


Term format• KISS – Keep it short and simple

– 1-2-3 words– Effect on search– Pre- and Post-Coordination

• Establish a policy – follow Chicago Manual of Style

• Grammatical issues – Nouns and noun phrases– Verbs Gerunds – Adjectives - no– Adverbs - no– Initial articles – no


Compound terms – nope!

• “Terms in a thesaurus should represent simple or unitary concepts…” (ISO standard)

• “Compound terms should be factored (split) into simple elements…” (ANSI/NISO standard)

• Term phrases are okay (bigrams)– Adjective-Noun– American history

• Two concepts combined are not– Aromatherapy for bloating


Pre and post coordinate terms

• Pre coordinates – two concepts– Subject headings – Library of Congress

• American history – Civil War

– Back of the book– Put together in advance by the publisher

• Post Coordinate– Taxonomy terms– Single concept– Put together by the user / searcher


So far you’ve got• Hierarchy

– Broader and Narrower Terms– Polyhierarchies when needed

• Preferred/Non-Preferred Terms – Equivalence relationships

• Related Terms– Associative relationships

• Scope Notes• Complete term records

– Correct term format


Review, edit, test, edit, use, edit, and maintain, i.e. edit• Review

– Users– Expert reviewers

• Test– Index 500+ documents

(more for variable writing style; fewer for strict style)

– Monitor search log

• Edit and maintain– Add term– Change existing term– Change term status– Delete term– Add term relationship– Delete term relationship– Add/modify Scope Note– Change overall structure

Consider automated / assisted indexing software


• Work first from the literature• Establish literary warrant for terms • Someone else do the clerical work • Differentiate the lexicography work

– From the Subject Matter expert work • Let SMEs do the review and tailoring• Expert review ensures the proper term use

and application • Advisory Board…advisable!

Subject Matter Experts

© 2012 Hedden Information Management

More Details

Polyhierarchies Facets

Polyhierarchies

Child Term 1

Term

Child Term 1

Child Term 2

Grand-child 1

Grand- child 2

Grand- child 3

Grand-child 1

Term

Grand- child 4

Grand-child 2

Hierarchy Polyhierarchy

Child Term 2


Polyhierarchies A term has a polyhierarchy if it has more than

one broader term. Polyhierarchy is permitted if the hierarchical

relationship is valid in both/all cases Remember “All-and-Some” test for each

generic hierarchical relationship


Polyhierarchies Based on generic relationship

TrucksCars

Light trucks

EducatorsMusicians

Music Teachers

Motor vehiclesProfessions


Polyhierarchies Based on different kinds of hierarchical relationships/

different means of categorizing (less common)

UtahLakes

Great Salt Lake

Bodies of Water

UnitedStates


Polyhierarchy - Pluses

Polyhierarchy is useful when… It is obviously logical for select terms

(cross-overs/hybrids, e.g. Music teachers or Light Trucks) It is indicated by different stakeholder views Indexers/taggers browse the taxonomy hierarchically End-user testing/input (e.g. card-sorting) indicates users

are split as to where in the hierarchy an item belongs


Polyhierarchy - Pluses

Retail website case study example:

Health & Fitness › Portable Fitness Electronics › Fitness GPS Watches

Car, Marine & GPS › GPS Navigation › Handheld GPS › Fitness GPS Watches

Sports taxonomy case study example:

Back Exercises

› Dead Lifts

Hamstring Exercises

› Dead Lifts


Polyhierarchy - Minuses

Polyhierarchy is not so good when… It violates hierarchical relationship standards It becomes excessive, perhaps more common than mono-

hierarchies It is the result of different kinds of a categorization,

and the presence of different kinds of categorization is confusing

It is a small taxonomy and the user doesn’t need or expect polyhierarchy


Problems with excessive polyhierarchies: Familiar tree structure is lost. Users cannot see the logical

hierarchy. Users spend too much time clicking through categories.

Polyhierarchy - Minuses


Polyhierarchy - MinusesLogical polyhierarchies, if done consistently, could

become extensive.

Example: creating polyhierarchies for products based on different classifications

TablewareGlass Products

Wine Glasses

Balls Soccer Equipment

Soccer Balls


Polyhierarchy - MinusesMultiple, potentially confusing categorizations: Place names in hierarchies for both geographic location

and for place type Products in hierarchies for both material and for use Physical exercises in hierarchies for both body part and

purpose/type (strength, endurance, etc.)

“It’s OK, we can have polyhierarchies” This is not always the best solution.

Maybe facets should be used instead.


Violating hierarchical relationship standards Might be OK in some cases in some taxonomies But avoid overuse in polyhierarchies

Case study example: Accessories as a narrower term

to a product category Services as a narrower term

to a product category

Computers & Tablets Laptop & Netbook Computers Tablets, iPads & E-Readers Desktop & All-in-One Computers Monitors Mice & Keyboards Printers Hard Drives & Storage Computer Memory Video Cards & PC Components Networking & Wireless Software Computer Accessories Computer Setup & Services

Polyhierarchies - Cases


Violating hierarchical relationship standards within limits

Computers & TabletsLaptop & Netbook Computers

PC LaptopsMacBooksChromebooksNetbooks

All NetbooksNetbook CasesComputer Setup & Services Not OK

Laptop AccessoriesComputer Setup & Services OK

Desktop & All-in-One ComputersAll-in-One ComputersTowers OnlyDesktop PackagesComputer Setup & Services

OK



Do not create a polyhierarchy to both a “parent” and a “grandparent.”

Digital Cameras

Cameras

Digital SLR Cameras

Grandparent of Digital SLR Cameras

Parent of Digital SLR Cameras



Might be better not to have polyhierarchies when the taxonomy is small and the number of top-level categories are few

Case study: Client management documents of a financial services company has 114 topical terms categorized with just five broader terms:

Account Information Client Information Client Status Disclosures & Notifications Approvals/Guidance

Decided against polyhierarchies. Reason: Repeat users can memorize the small hierarchy. They

don’t expect polyhierarchy here.



Polyhierarchies - ConclusionsSome is good. More isn’t necessarily better. Polyhierarchies are best for isolated terms that can fall

into two categories. Polyhierarchies can become too many in cases of

overlays of two different categorization methods for numerous terms. (Facets may be better.)

Polyhierarchies are useful, no matter how extensive, in term-focused thesauri

Polyhierarchies should be more limited in fully displayed taxonomies


Polyhierarchies - Exercise

Propose two broader terms for each:

Hotel managers Printers Fish Egypt Bill Gates


Facets

For serving faceted classification, which allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object

A “dimension” of a query; a type of concept Intended for searching with multiple terms in combination

(post-coordination), one from each facet Can be for topics or for named entities, but generally not

both Reflect the domain of content A subset of metadata fields


Facets

Faceted ClassificationMathematician/librarian S.R. Ranganathan (1920s)

developed as an alternative to the Dewey Decimal System for books:

“Colon Classification”

1. Personality – topic or orientation

2. Matter – things or materials

3. Energy – actions

4. Space – places or locations

5. Time – times or time periods


Facets

Facets are suitable for: Structured data with discernable metadata fields or database

records Homogeneous data with similar types of characteristics (e.g.

products in an e-commerce site)

Example types of facets: For products

category, brand, size, color, price range, features For people

name, job title, gender, birth year, location, department For reports

author, subject, audience, document type, language


Facets

For enterprise taxonomies:Patrick Lambe,

Organising Knowledge People and organizations Things and parts of things Activity cycles Locations

For Web sites:Rosenfeld and Morville,

Information Architecture Topic Product Document type Audience Geography Price


Facet Examples

1. Shoebuy.com - advanced searchhttp://www.shoebuy.com/s.jsp/r_as

2. My Recipeshttp://search.myrecipes.com

3. Microbial Life Educational Resourceshttp://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/resources


http://www.shoebuy.com/s.jsp/r_as

http://search.myrecipes.com/

http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/resources

My Recipes


Facets & Hierarchies

Combining Facets and Hierarchies

1. Have hierarchies within facets

2. Start with hierarchical categories and then limit further with facets



1. Hierarchies within facets: indented display

World Bank documents advanced search

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docadvancesearch



2. Hierarchies of topics, then facets to narrow results:

ThomasNet business directoryhttp://ps.thomasnet.com/productsearch

Buzzillions product reviewshttp://www.buzzillions.com

Amazon.com books browsehttp://www.amazon.com


http://ps.thomasnet.com/productsearch

http://www.buzzillions.com/

http://www.amazon.com/

Taxonomy Structures: Hierarchies

One level per web pageYahoo directory

http://search.yahoo.com/dir

ThomasNet browse

http://www.thomasnet.com/browse

http://search.yahoo.com/dir

http://www.thomasnet.com/browse

Buzzillions


Amazon > Books

Advantages Supports more complex search queries by users Allows users to control the search refinement, narrowing

or broadening in any manner or order

Disadvantages Only suitable for somewhat structured, unified type of

content that share the same multiple facets Might not support multiple terms selected at once from

the same facet Often hidden from users under “Advanced Search” Requires investment of thorough (multifacted)

indexing/tagging

Facets - Conclusions


Facets - Conclusions

Facet Design Tips Number of facets: 4-8, with 5-6 as ideal Facets listed in logical, not alphabetical order Number of terms per facet: 2-25

Ideally not much more than can be viewed in a scroll box If the list is obvious (US states), then more is OK. Exception can be made for hierarchical “Topics” facet

If <12 terms, then a logical display orderIf >12 terms, then alphabetical

A two-level hierarchy (indented) within a facet is possible


Designate a set of 4-7 facets for a tour operator web site selling vacation packages.

Facets - Exercise



• Designed to enhance understanding and retention of the vocabulary concepts necessary for creating a taxonomy, ontology, thesaurus, or controlled vocabulary.

• Game supplies:– 1 Deck of Orange Question and Challenge Cards– 1 Deck of Green Answer Cards

• Game setup:– Shuffle the deck of Green Answer cards, – Deal the entire deck to the players. – Shuffle the deck of Orange Question and Challenge cards– Place them facedown in a pile in the middle of the table so that all

players can reach the pile.

• Reinforce what you just heard!• Have fun!

TAXONOMATCH


1. Play moves to the left of the dealer

2. Draw a card from the top of the Orange cards. Read it aloud to all of the players.

3. The player who read the card says out loud what they think the answer is.

4. Each player looks at the Green Answer cards in their hand.

1. If they have the correct answer to the Question or Challenge, they show their card to everyone at the table.

2. If everyone agrees that the answer is correct, the player holding the correct answer card gives it to the player who read the Question or Challenge card.

5. The player places their associated pair of cards – one Orange Question and Challenge card and one Green Answer card – face up on the table in front of them.

6. Play passes to the person who held the correct Green Answer card in their hand. Play continues as in step 2 above.

7. Discussion among the players to arrive at the correct answer is permissible and encouraged!

8. If players do not arrive at a consensus regarding the correct answer, the Orange Question and Challenge card may be returned to the bottom of the pile, and play passes to the person to the left of the player who drew the previous card.

9. When all of the Orange Question and Challenge cards have been drawn, read aloud, and matched with their Green Answer cards, the game ends.

10. If there are any Orange Question and Challenge cards remaining to which players cannot agree on an answer, players may consult their notes or ask the session speaker.

TAXONOMATCH RULES


Implementation and applications

• Adding the terms to the information objects• Search and other applications• Taxonomy use cases – implementation• Opportunities and Obstacles• 30 minutes


Parts of the puzzle• The taxonomy

– The words to use– In the order you want the users to browse

• Applications– Search, CMS, SharePoint etc

• Implementation / actions– Making the links– Adding terms to information objects

• Most people confuse the parts and they act very differently


Thesaurus Master

Machine Aided Indexer

(M.A.I.™)

Database

Repository

Fully integrated with MOSS

SearchPresentatio

n Layer

Increasesaccuracy

Browse by SubjectAuto-completionBroader TermsNarrower TermsRelated Terms

Client Taxonomy

Inline Tagging

Metadata and Entity

Extractor

Automatic Summarizatio

n

Search Softwa

re

Client Data

Full Text

HTML, PDF,

Data Feeds,

etc.

Client taxonomy

The Workflow

Tag and createmetadata

Put in database with tags

Build search inverted index

Create user interface

Gather source data


Adding terms to information objects

• Part of the record– XML– MARC

• A relational table pointing the terms to a record ID number (Secondary key)

• Adding data to the HTML – META NAME KEYWORD Element

• Many other options


Part of the record - XML

• Added as an element in the XML record• Need an element to put the data in

– <Taxonomy Term>• Capture the terms when creating the records


Editorial Workflow IntegrationAuthor Submission Module

The author fills in the data to the document template, attaching images and graphs as necessary

An API calls Data Harmony and generates a list of indexing terms based on the content


Authors review the indexing and may change it

Content is stored into a data repository as HTML, XML, etc.

Editorial Workflow IntegrationAuthor Submission Module


In the HTML record• Makes it crawl able for the Internet• Used in CMS applications

– Content Management Systems• Add to the HTML

– Manually– In Dreamweaver – In your CMS like Extron

• Author Submissions Example• Do the same with SharePoint


META NAME “KEYWORDS”


In Relational Database Table• Primary key – the record• Secondary key all the metadata

– Like taxonomy terms– Like author– Like publication date

• Used in Oracle, SQL, etc– Need filed to put the taxonomy data in

• Supports “Faceted Search” – Each item in a separate field or element or table


Relational database diagram


Using taxonomies in applications• Improve search• Subject browsing• Mobile intelligence• Targeted resources based

on subject or user role• Link to society resources• Author submission module• Author authority database• Expert reviewer

identification• Member profiles• Data visualization• More like this

• In “indexing” or categorizing, as subject metadata

• In content management systems

• In SharePoint• In mashups• In social networking sites• In author tagging • In filtering data – e.g., spam

filters and RSS feeds• In web crawlers• Social media - community


Why does search fail?• Most large organizations have 5 search

softwares– All disappointing and on the shelf

• Inconsistent results• Unclear path to results• Lack of single unified clear consistent

vocabulary• Not tied to data governance

– Taxonomy– Other metadata


Parts of Search

• Search software– Inverted Index– Search algorithms

• Presentation layer– Search box– Autocompletion– Related and narrower terms– Hierarchical display


Outline of Presentation1 Define key terminology2 Thesaurus tools

– Features– Functions

3 Costs – Thesaurus construction– Thesaurus tools

4 Why & when?

Creating an Inverted File Index

Sample DOCUMENT


Simple inverted file indexThe terms from the “outline”

&1234constructioncostsdefinefeaturesfunctions

key ofoutlinepresentationterminologythesaurustoolswhenwhy


& - Stop1 - Stop2 - Stop3 - Stop4 - Stopconstruction - L7, P2, SH costs - L6, P1, Hdefine - L2, P1, Hfeatures - L4, P1, SHfunctions - L5, P1, SH

key - L2, P2, Hof - Stopoutline - L1, P1, Tpresentation - L1, P3, Tterminology - L2, P3, Hthesaurus - (1) - L3, P1, H (2) - L7, P1, SH (3) - L8, P1, SHtools - (1) - L3, P2, H (2) - L8, P2, SHwhen - L9, P3, Hwhy - L9, P1, H

Complex inverted file indexPlacement location


Improve search www.mediasleuth.com

Navigate the full taxonomy “tree”

BROWSE

Auto-completion using the taxonomy

Guide the user


Subject browsing


Targeted resources based on subject or user role

CONFIDENTIAL


Linked data

Job Posting for Expert on Topic A

Author NetworksSocial Networking

Journal Article on Topic A

Other Journal Articles on

Topic A

Upcoming Conference on Topic A

Podcast Interview with Researcher

Working on Topic A

Grant Available for Researchers

Working on Topic A

CME Activity on Topic A


Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 12, 161-164, February 2003© 2003 American Association for Cancer Research Short Communications

Alcohol, Folate, Methionine, and Risk of Incident Breast Cancer in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort Heather Spencer Feigelson1, Carolyn R. Jonas, Andreas S. Robertson, Marjorie L. McCullough, Michael J. Thun and Eugenia E. Calle Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251

Recent studies suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer associated with alcohol consumption may be reduced by adequate folate intake. We examined this question among 66,561 postmenopausal women in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.

Related Press Releases• How What and How Much We Eat (And Drink) Aff

ects Our Risk of Cancer • Novel COX-2 Combination Treatment May Reduc

e Colon Cancer Risk Combination Regimen of COX-2 Inhibitor and Fish Oil Causes Cell Death

• COX-2 Levels Are Elevated in Smokers

Related AACR Workshops and Conferences• Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research• Continuing Medical Education (CME) • Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeut

icsRelated Meeting Abstracts• Association between dietary folate intake, alcoh

ol intake, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and subsequent breast

• Folate, folate cofactor, and alcohol intakes and risk for colorectal adenoma

• Dietary folate intake and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study

Related Working Groups• Finance• Charter• Molecular Epidemiology

Related Education Book ContentOral Contraceptives, Postmenopausal Hormones, and Breast CancerPhysical Activity and CancerHormonal Interventions: From Adjuvant Therapy to Breast Cancer PreventionRelated Awards

• AACR-GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Cancer Research Scholar Awards

• ACS Award• Weinstein Distinguished Lecture

WebcastsRelated Webcasts

Think Tank ReportRelated Think Tank Report Content

Link to society resources

http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/misc/terms.shtml

http://www.aacr.org/home/public--media/aacr-press-releases/press-releases-2008.aspx?d=1055







http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/frontiers-in-cancer-prevention-research.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/aacr-100th-annual-meeting-2009/continuing-medical-education-(cme).aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/molecular-targets-and-cancer-therapeutics.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/molecular-targets-and-cancer-therapeutics.aspx

http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2005/1/1363?maxtoshow=&HITS=50&hits=50&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&display




http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2006/1/473?maxtoshow=&HITS=50&hits=50&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displays

http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2006/1/473?maxtoshow=&HITS=50&hits=50&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displays

http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/2008/1_Annual_Meeting/4169?maxtoshow=&HITS=20&hits=20&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displaysectionid=Dietary+Patterns+and+Cancer+Risk:++Oral+Presentations+-+Proffered+Abstracts&volu

http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/2008/1_Annual_Meeting/4169?maxtoshow=&HITS=20&hits=20&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displaysectionid=Dietary+Patterns+and+Cancer+Risk:++Oral+Presentations+-+Proffered+Abstracts&volu

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/working-groups--task-forces/molecular-epidemiology-working-group/charter/finance.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/working-groups--task-forces/molecular-epidemiology-working-group/charter.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/working-groups--task-forces/molecular-epidemiology-working-group.aspx

http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2005/1/1363?maxtoshow=&HITS=50&hits=50&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displaysectionid=Epidemiology+13:+Diet+and+One+Carbon+Metabolism&fdate=1/1/2005&tdate=12/31/2005&resourcetype=HWCIT

http://www.aacrmeetingabstracts.org/cgi/content/abstract/2005/1/1363?maxtoshow=&HITS=50&hits=50&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displaysectionid=Epidemiology+13:+Diet+and+One+Carbon+Metabolism&fdate=1/1/2005&tdate=12/31/2005&resourcetype=HWCIT

http://educationbook.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/2008/1/225



http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/travel-grants/aacr-glaxosmithkline-clinical-cancer-research-scholar-awards.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/travel-grants/aacr-glaxosmithkline-clinical-cancer-research-scholar-awards.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/scientific-achievement-awards/acs-award.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/scientific-achievement-awards/weinstein-distinguished-lecture.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/aacr-100th-annual-meeting-2009/webcasts/webcast-schedule.aspx

http://www.aacr.org/Uploads/DocumentRepository/CICR/CICR-AACR%20Think%20Tank%20Report.pdf

http://www.aacr.org/Uploads/DocumentRepository/CICR/CICR-AACR%20Think%20Tank%20Report.pdf


Authors at a place


Member profile tagging

User pastes or uploads CV

Button to auto-extract taxonomy attributes


TaxoTerm ServerData Harmony

(M.A.I.)

Even

t Han

dler

Returns subject metadata

MicrosoftSharePointServer 2010

User uploads a document to SharePoint space

Before uploading to SharePoint server, the EventHandler sends the document to Data Harmony.

Data Harmony automatically attaches indexing terms before uploading to MOSS

108

Adding terms to SharePoint


SharePoint 2010 only shows 10 lines of the taxonomy

109

This add on makes it all viewable


QU

ERY API

CUSTOMCONNECTOR

EMAILCONNECTOR

Core Architectural Components

Pipeline

SEARCHSERVER

QU

ERYPR

OC

ESSOR

Query

Results

VerticalApplications

Portals

CustomFront-Ends

MobileDevicesContent

Push

DO

CU

MEN

TPR

OC

ESSOR

WebContent

Files,Documents

Databases

CustomApplications

CO

NTEN

T API

FAST MANAGEMENT API

Index DBDATABASE

CONNECTOR

FILETRAVERSER

WEBCRAWLER

Pipeline

Email, Groupware

Administrator’sDashboard

FILTERSERVER

Agent DB

Alerts

Use taxonomy terms hereData Harmony Governance API

MA

Istro

Search harmony

Taxonomies added in search example


Autosuggestion of taxonomy terms

Populate Keywords, Descriptors, Indexing terms, etc.

Allow for manual review of auto-tagging for quality assurance.


More Innovations• Link topic to article to author to event• Make visual links within domain • Enable authors to submit and categorize conference

submissions• Create author authority database linking to co-authors,

topics, locations, etc.• Create expert reviewer database• Create member profiles with alternate names,

publications, tagged by topic• Visualize data and domain distribution• Display interest connections in social network• Deliver accurate targeted information through mobile

applications• Etc.


Taxonomy standards• Z39.19 (2005) Controlled Vocabularies• BS 8723 Parts 1 – 5• ISO25964 Parts 1 - 2 • TAG 37 and 46 standards• SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization System• OWL - Web Ontology Language• AND more!


IT is often Fire, Ready, Aim!

• Choose the hardware• Choose the software• Decide on the format• Convert the data• Fix the data• Tack on a taxonomy• Ignore the standards


Change to Ready, Aim, Fire!

• Follow the data• Look at the data, format and content• Design taxonomy for data• Leverage the standards• Use taxonomy to tag data• Choose search and repository software for

data• Load the data into the system• Keep your eye on the target


Summary

• We covered the basics• We talked about the implementation • Application of the terms to your content• We reinforced the learning with activities• No go hear the case studies of the next two

days!

Questions?

Heather Hedden

Taxonomy Consultant

Hedden Information Management

www.hedden-information.com

www.accidental-taxonomist.com

[email protected]

978-467-5195

Marjorie M.K. Hlava

President

Access Innovations, Inc.

www.accessinn.com

www.data-harmony.com

[email protected]

505-998-0800

http://www.hedden-information.com/

http://www.accidental-taxonomist.com/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.accessinn.com/

http://www.data-harmony.com/

mailto:[email protected]