SIMULTANEOUS

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This unique new approach mayvery well become instrumental insolving some of your intricate mi-crobiological research problems.It can be accomplished with theingeniously designed Reichert"ZETOPAN" by simultaneous ap-plication of white light and ultra-violet illumination supplementedby a newly developed fluorescencecontrast condenser.The combined advantages ofPhase or Anoptral Contrast andthe fluorescent techniques now

appear simultaneously in the mi-croscopic image.Our constant, self-regulating Pow-er Supplies for operation of thefluorescent light source prolongthe lifetime of the Osram burnerand insure a steady arc and in-creased light.The "ZETOPAN" is a versatile in-strument for all microscopic in-vestigations of transmitted, re-flected, and mixed illumination.It is a truly universal researchmicroscope. $7/

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950

forum such as the AAAS has heldfrom time to time on specific subjectareas so as to more clearly identifyand establish the voice of science."

PHYLLIS V. PARKINS, Secretary

Effective Science Communication inToday's Research Environment. Cur-rent problems in science communica-tion were presented from several view-points and discussed at this session(30 December 1964).The increasingly important role

computers can play in assisting com-

munication among scientists was de-scribed by Ambros P. Speiser (IBMResearch Laboratory Zurich; currentlywith IBM's Thomas J. Watson Re-search Center, Yorktown Heights,New York). Emphasis was placed on

"textual data handling," that is, usingcomputers to process and store naturallanguages, rather than numbers. Thisis achieved by means of informationstorage and retrieval and by the me-

chanical translation of languages. Al-though computers will increase enor-

mously the speed of research in theyears to come, it was stressed that no

computer will relieve scientists of thevery task which characterizes scientificwork, that is, to evaluate criticallyresults of other peoples' research and,based on this understanding, createnew knowledge.

Factors that assure maximum effec-tiveness of internal and external re-

ports and of scientific papers for pro-

fessional journals were reviewed byIrving H. Jenks (Aluminium Labora-tories Limited, Kingston, Ontario).Some key ideas that assist in meetingthe demands imposed by the researchenvironment of the space age andother factors that constitute the funda-mentals of effective reporting were

presented and discussed.The role of philosophy of science

in scientific communication and in thepopular dissemination of science was

discussed by Arthur J. Samuels(Hunter College of The City Universityof New York). It was suggested thattoday only the less complex aspects ofscience have been investigated. Withcomputers to handle more and more ofthe routine, noncreative work, man

must strive to become increasinglymore creative if he is to be truly ef-fective in the future and put to opti-mum advantage the results of scien-tific research.The panel was cosponsored by

AAAS (Section T) and the Society

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SCIENCE, VOL. 147

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of Technical Writers and Publishers.Gunther Marx (IIT Research Insti-tute, Chicago) arranged for the ses-sion and presided at the meeting.GUNTHER MARX, Progran Chalirm)1lan

Statistics (U)

The Section U meeting at the 1964Montreal meetings were fewer thanusual but much better attended thanthe sessions at the previous annualmeetings.

In his vice-presidential address,Churchill Eisenhart (National Bu-reau of Standards) described the evo-lution of the arithmiietic mean from anumber of superficially similar butfundamentally different uses that dateback to antiquity. He describedL usesfound in Wesetrn Europe in the I 6thcentury in manuals on assaying oresand coins by cuppelation and in studiesof the variations in the magnetic com-pass. The use of the arithmetic meanbecame widespread in the 1 8th cen-turv. but todav w e know, of manriv siml-pie and realistic laws of error forwhich the arithnmetic mean. while"good," is certainly not "best."A symposium on classification tech-

niques in medical diagnosis (27 De-ceniber 1964) covered experiencc xxithexact niethods and computer tech-nology in medical diagnosis. The in-terpretation of continuous input, in ad-dition to categorical information wasdiscussed. Various techniques of in-formation gathering in hematologyand the uses of the data were de-scribed. The lack of accuracy imposedas a result of using incidence databased on a limited number of caseswas the subject of the final paper.The session was arranged and

chaired by Max Woodbury (New YorkUniversity) for the Biomedical Infor-mation-Processing Organization.

In a two-session synposiulill on es-timation of biological populations.descriptions of the multiple-sample,mark-recapture experiment applied tothe estimation of mortality rates inpopulations of lanmprey. trout, crayfish,and nesting birds illustrated both theutility and the limitations of this tech-nique. Criteria for assessing the valid-itv of such estimates were given asintegral parts of the analyses of theseexperiments.

Evidence of the schooling phenonie-non was demonstrated through statisti-cal heterogeneity in the size composi-tion of fish catches, and the effect of19 FEBRUARY 1965

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Effective Science Communication in Today's Research EnvironmentGunther Marx

DOI: 10.1126/science.147.3660.950 (3660), 950-951.147Science 

ARTICLE TOOLS http://science.sciencemag.org/content/147/3660/950.citation

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trademark of AAAS. is a registeredScienceAdvancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. The title

(print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published by the American Association for theScience

1965 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

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