Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Techniques for Resonant Detectors Techniques for Resonant Detectors

Motivation :

Reduce thermal noise contribution to the acoustic detector noise budget.

Task M2 – General StrategyTask M2 – General Strategy

A) Reduce thermal noise power spectrum

( )FF

TS

Q

1)1) Find the materials with the lowest mechanical and/or Find the materials with the lowest mechanical and/or electrical dissipation and suitable to be cooled down at electrical dissipation and suitable to be cooled down at cryogenic temperatures (Mo,Be,SiC,CuAl,….)cryogenic temperatures (Mo,Be,SiC,CuAl,….)

2)2) Find the assembling and joining procedures that preserve Find the assembling and joining procedures that preserve the Q-factor of the material (explosion welding, silica the Q-factor of the material (explosion welding, silica bonding…)bonding…)

Task M2 – General StrategyTask M2 – General Strategy

B) Reduce the relative contribution of thermal noise

(i.e. increase the transducer efficiency )

Surface treatments, two faces transducer,..

For the capacitive transducer: is proportional to the Electric bias field

For the optical For the optical transducer:transducer:

is prop. to the laser is prop. to the laser PowerPower1/21/2 time the Finesse time the Finesse

Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Techniques for Resonant Detectors Techniques for Resonant Detectors

Main outcomes :

- Construction and test of high sensitivity and of low loss capacitive and optical displacement transducers

- Low temperature measurement of the mechanical Q, thermal expansion and heat capacity of several materials (Mo,Be,CuAl,SiC…).

-Find joining procedures (electron beam, explosion beam welding, silicate bonding) and surface treatment which preserve high Q-factors .

- Low temperature measurement of dielectric losses.

Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Techniques for Resonant Detectors Techniques for Resonant Detectors

Working Group

Facility used for M2 Expertise for M2

INFNROG MAT

Cryogenic facility for testing mechanical and electromechanical resonators

Low loss materials, low temperature Q measurements

INFNVirgo MAT

Clean rooms, Q measurement facilities, mechanical properties measurement facility, hard material milling machine

Low loss suspensions, silicate bonding technology, thermal noise, interferometry

INFNAURIGA LNL

Ultra low temperature test facility for mechanical and optical displacement sensors

Cryogenics, interferometry, low loss materials

IFN Ultra low temperature test facility

FEM, low loss matching networks for SQUID amplifiers

Leiden Ultra low temperature test facility

Ultra low temperature technology, low loss electromechanical transducers

IGR MAT Q measurements facilities and clean room

Low loss suspensions, bonding, thermal noise, interferometry

9.JRA3 First 18 months Implementation Plan

Tasks and Deliverables 1st to 6th month 7th to 12th month 13th to 18th month

WP 1 - Task M2: Advanced materials and techniques for resonant detectors

Tasks:

2.1 - Construction of first CuAl, SiC and Be resonators

2.2- Construction of first optical and cap. transducers

2.3 - Low T and low frequency, Q measurements on CuAl, SiC and Be

2.4 - Test of a metallic trans. on a resonant sphere

2.5 - Effect of the dieletric coating on the thermal noise

2.6 - Experiments on limiting bias electric fields in the capacitive transducer

2.7 - Upgrade of suspension performance of test facility

2.8 - Surface loss measurements at low temperature after chemical treatment

2.9 - Q of silicate bonding on SiC at low T (as part of improving fab. processes)

Deliverables:

- CuAl, SiC and Be resonator prototypes- Optical and capacitive transducer prototypes

M2.1 - M2.1 - Construction of first CuAl, SiC and Be

resonators Working groups Rog, Auriga LNL,LeidenWorking groups Rog, Auriga LNL,Leiden

BeBe

Hot Isostatic Pressure Hot Isostatic Pressure (ROG,LNL)(ROG,LNL)

MoMo

CuAl CuAl (ROG,Leiden)(ROG,Leiden)

““Pure” resonatorsPure” resonators

Transducer Transducer resonatorsresonators

Apr04-Apr04-Sep04Sep04

M2.1 - M2.1 - Construction of first CuAl, SiC and Be

resonators

Working groups Auriga LNL, IFN Working groups Auriga LNL, IFN

C/SiC resonator: statusC/SiC resonator: status

““..The size of the structures ..The size of the structures that can be manufactured is that can be manufactured is limited by the scale of the limited by the scale of the currently available facilities currently available facilities (3mx3mx4m)...”(3mx3mx4m)...”

Best geometry under Best geometry under investigationinvestigation

M2.3 -M2.3 -Low T and low frequency, Q measurements on CuAl, SiC and Be

Optical read-out (ready)Optical read-out (ready)

Working groups Leiden, Auriga LNL, IFN, ROG Working groups Leiden, Auriga LNL, IFN, ROG Apr04-Apr04-Sep05Sep05

the last stage of suspension the last stage of suspension has to be designed and has to be designed and tested with high Q tested with high Q resonatorsresonators

First results for CuAlFirst results for CuAl resonators: resonators:

QQ300K300K=20000, Q=20000, QLN2LN2==(3-5)x10(3-5)x104,4, Q QLHe4LHe4=(5-10)x10=(5-10)x1055

For the other materialsFor the other materials measurements will be done at LNL:measurements will be done at LNL:

Capacitive read-out (for metal Capacitive read-out (for metal samples)samples)

M2.3 -M2.3 -Low T and low frequency, Q measurements on CuAl, SiC and Be

LNL Cryogenic test facility, optical readout LNL Cryogenic test facility, optical readout

M2.2 -Construction of Optical and Capacitive transducersM2.2 -Construction of Optical and Capacitive transducers

Optical TransducerOptical Transducer: Working groups Auriga : Working groups Auriga Fi,Pd,LNLFi,Pd,LNL Construction of the optical transducer is completeConstruction of the optical transducer is complete

Low T Q-factor Low T Q-factor measurementmeasurements in the TTFs in the TTF

Apr04-Apr04-Sep04Sep04

Only ResonatorOnly Resonator

AssembledAssembled

M2.2 -Construction of Optical and Capacitive M2.2 -Construction of Optical and Capacitive

transducerstransducers Optical Transducer: Next step (Spring 2005)

Up-Up-gradinggrading

M2.2 -Construction of Optical and Capacitive transducersM2.2 -Construction of Optical and Capacitive transducers

Capacitive TransducerCapacitive Transducer: Working groups Leiden, : Working groups Leiden, RogRog Many Capacitive transducer has been constructedMany Capacitive transducer has been constructed

Apr04-Apr04-Sep04Sep04

ROGROG

LeidenLeiden

• Rosetta Transducer, CuAl, gap 15 Rosetta Transducer, CuAl, gap 15 m, freq= 3200 m, freq= 3200 HzHz

• Double face transducer, Al5056Double face transducer, Al5056 , , freq=920 Hzfreq=920 Hz• Rosetta TransducerRosetta Transducer

• Drum Transducer + Bolt free assemblingDrum Transducer + Bolt free assembling

MiniGrail MiniGrail TransducerTransducer

M2.4 M2.4 Test of a metallic transd. on a resonant

sphere Oct04-Oct04-Dec05Dec05

Working groups Leiden, ROG Working groups Leiden, ROG

T= 5 K

MiniGrailMiniGrail

Thermal noise Thermal noise dominated at dominated at 5K5K

SQUID output PSDSQUID output PSD

M2.5 M2.5 Effect of the dielectric coating on the thermal

noise

Working groups Rog,IFN, Leiden, Auriga LNL Working groups Rog,IFN, Leiden, Auriga LNL Apr05-Apr05-Dic05Dic05

1.1. Electric losses: measure of the electrical Electric losses: measure of the electrical quality factor of a cryogenic LC resonator. quality factor of a cryogenic LC resonator. The dielectric under investigation fills the The dielectric under investigation fills the capacitor gap. Sensitivity of the existing capacitor gap. Sensitivity of the existing apparatus (IFN) apparatus (IFN) =10=10-6-6..

2.2. Mechanical losses: measure the quality Mechanical losses: measure the quality factor of transducers having dielectric factor of transducers having dielectric coating. The available facilities are ROG, coating. The available facilities are ROG, Leiden, LNL Leiden, LNL

M2.6 M2.6 - Experiments on limiting bias electric fields

in the capacitive transducer Working groups Leiden, IFN, Auriga Working groups Leiden, IFN, Auriga LNLLNL

•Typical value for operating detectors 10-15 MV/mTypical value for operating detectors 10-15 MV/m

•Best result Best result 25MV/m 25MV/m Leiden-MiniGrail July 2004 Leiden-MiniGrail July 2004

•Test of surface treatment on small sample (goal 100 Test of surface treatment on small sample (goal 100 MV/m). MV/m).

Oct04-Oct04-Dic05Dic05

Experimental set-up Experimental set-up (ready)(ready)

Samples Samples (ready)(ready) - Al5056Al5056

- Diameter 3 Diameter 3 cmcm

- Single point Single point diamond diamond turningturning (optical (optical quality)quality)

- Dielectric Dielectric coating (if coating (if need) still to need) still to be donebe done

M2.9 M2.9 - Q of silicate bonding on SiC at low T (as

part of improving fabrication processes) Apr05-Apr05-Dec05Dec05

Working groups Auriga LNL, Virgo MAT, IGR Working groups Auriga LNL, Virgo MAT, IGR MATMAT

Assemble the Assemble the resonators using silicate resonators using silicate bonding and then bonding and then measure the measure the mechanical quality mechanical quality factorfactor

Silicate Silicate BondingBonding

Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Task M2 – Advanced Materials and Techniques for Resonant Techniques for Resonant DetectorsDetectors

ConclusionsConclusions

1.1. Almost all the objective of the first 6 months Almost all the objective of the first 6 months as been obtained. as been obtained.

2.2. According to the time schedule the second According to the time schedule the second part of the program has begun. part of the program has begun.