T A N E 25, 1979 VASCULAR FLORA OF MOTUKAWANUI ISLAND,

C A V A L L I GROUP, NORTHERN NEW Z E A L A N D

by A . E . Wright Department of Botany, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland

I N T R O D U C T I O N

During the Offshore Island Research Group's scientific trip to the Cavalli Islands, 28 December, 1978 — 7 January, 1979, M r D . J . Court made a complete collection of the vascular plants he saw in the process of undertak­ing a botanical survey of Motukawanui, the largest of the Cavalli Islands. The material was subsequently dried and labelled by the author and deposited in the Herbarium of the Auckland Institute and Museum (AK) . The collection forms the basis of the species list for Motukawanui Island which follows.

323 taxa of native and adventive (including planted) vascular plants are listed with common names in families according to the order of H . H . Allan (Flora of New Zealand, Volume 1, 1961) and L . B . Moore and E . Edgar (Flora of New Zealand, Volume 2, 1970), except for families not native to New Zealand which are listed alphabetically at the end of each section of the flora. Genera are listed alphabetically within families as are species within genera.

A breakdown of the flora by plant groups and native or adventive status is given in Table 1. * indicates species which are not native to New Zealand. ** indicates families which are not native to New Zealand, t indicates plants associated with the former homestead and its gardens

in Papatara Bay.

SPECIES LIST

FIL1COPSIDA Hymenophyllaceae Dicksoniaceae Cyatheaceae

Hymenophyllum demissum Dicksonia squarrosa Cyathea dealbata C. medullaris Anarthropteris lanceolata Phymatodes diversifolium P. scandens Pyrrosia serpens Thelypteris pennigera Lindsaea trichomanoides var. lessonii Arthropteris tenet la Histiopteris incisa

filmy fern wheki ponga mamaku

Polypodiaceae hound's tongue

Thelypteridaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Davalliaceae Pteridaceae water fern

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Aspleniaceae

Blechnaceae

Dryopteridaceae

Athyriaceae Adiantaceae

SPERMATOPSIDA Podocarpaceae

Araucariaceae Cupressaceae Pinaceae **

Lauraceae

Ranunculaceae

Piperaceae

Cruciferae

Violaceae

Aizoaceae

Caryophyllaceae

Portulacaceae Polygonaceae

Amaranthaceae

Paesia scaberula Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum Pteris comans P. tremula Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. bulbiferum A. flaccidum subsp. flaccidum A. flaccidum subsp. haurakiense A. lucidum Blechnum capense B. filiforme B. lanceolatum Doodia media Polystichum richardii Rumohra hispida A Athyrium japonicum Adiantum aethiopicum A. cunninghamii A. fulvum A. hispidulum Pellaea rotundifolia G Y M N O S P E R M A E Dacrydium cupressinum Podocarpus totara Araucaria excelsa *t Chamaecyparis lawsoniana *+ Pinus radiata * ANGIOSPERMAE : DICOTYLEDONES Beilschmiedia tarairi B. tawa Clematis paniculata C. parviflora Ranunculus hirtus Macropiper excelsum Peperomia urvilleana Brassica oleracea* Cakile mar/tima* Coronopus didymus* Raphanus raphanistrum* Hymenanthera novae-zelandiae Melicytus ramiflorus Viola odora* t Disphyma australe Tetragonia trigyna Polycarpon tetraphyllum* Sagina procumbens* Silene gallica* Stellaria parviflora Portulaca oleracea* Muehlenbeckia complexa Polygonum decipiens Rumex acetosella* R. conglomeratus* R. crispus* Alternanthera denticulata

scented fern bracken

turawera hen & chickens fern makawe

shining spleenwort kiokio

makaka maidenhair maidenhair rosy maidenhair tarawera

rimu totara Norfolk pine Lawson cypress radiata pine

taraire tawa clematis

kawakawa

wild cabbage sea rocket twin cress wild radish

mahoe violet iceplant NZ spinach allseed pearlwort catchfly

wild portulaca wire vine swamp willow weed sheep's sorrel clustered dock curled dock nahui

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Amaranthus deflexus* prostrate amaranth Chenopodiaceae A triplex hastata* orache

Chenopodium ambrosioides* Mexican tea Rhagodia triandra Salicornia australis glasswort Salsola kali* saltwort

Geraniaceae Geranium homeanum G. sp. (native, un-named)

Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata oxalis Linaceae Linum trigynum* yellow flax Haloragaceae Haloragis erecta shrubby haloragis

H. incana Onagraceae Epilobium pallidiflorum

E. rotundifolium Fuchsia excorticata kotukutuku

Callitrichaceae Callitriche stagnalis starwort Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis jalapa* t marvel of Peru Thymelaeaceae Pimelea prostrata Strathmore weed Proteaceae Hakea sericea* prickly hakea

Knightia excelsa rewarewa Coriariaceae Coriaria arborea tutu Pittosporaceae Pittosporum crassifolium karo

P. umbellatum Myrtaceae Feijoa sellowiana* t feijoa

Leptospermum ericoides kanuka L. scoparium manuka Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa M. perforata clinging rata Psidium guajava*t guava

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau Tiliaceae Entelea arborescens whau Malvaceae Hoheria populnea houhere

Malvaviscum arboreus*^ Modiola caroliniana* creeping mallow

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus* milkweed E. pulcherrimum* t poinsettia

Cunoniaceae Weinmannia silvicola towai Rosaceae Acaena novae-zelandiae piripiri

Mains sylvestris* t apple Prunus domestica*~\ plum P. persica*i peach Pyrus communis* t pear Rosa sp.*t small, pink flower Rosa sp.*t large, carmine (lower Rubus cissoides bush lawyer R. fruticosus agg.* blackberry Spiraea cantoniensis* t may S. prunifolia*f may

Mimosaceae Albizia lophanthus* brush wattle Papilionaceae Carmichaelia aligera NZ broom

Cytisus proliferus* tree lucerne Lotus angustissimus* L. pedunculatus* lotus major L. subbiflorus* lotus hispidus

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Medicago lupulina* M. polymorpha* Melilotus indica* Polygala myrtifolia* Ulex europaeus*

Fagaceae Quercus robur* t Moraceae Ficus carica* t

Paratrophis banksii Urticaceae Parietaria debilis Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus laevigatas Loranthaceae Korthalsella salicornioides Rhamnaceae Pomaderris phylicifolia var. ericifolia Rutaceae Melicope ternata Meliaceae Cedrela sinensis* 1

Dysoxylum spectabile Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa Araliaceae Pseudopanax arboreus

P. crassifolium P. lessonii Schefflera digitata Apium australe A. leptophyllum* Centella uniflora Foeniculum vulgare* Lilaeopsis orbicularis

Ericaceae Erica lusitanica* Gaultheria antipoda

Epacridaceae Cyathodes fasciculata C. fraseri C. juniperina

Sapotaceae Planchonella novo-zelandica Myrsinaceae Myrsine australis Oleaceae Jasminum mesnyi 'f Loganiaceae Geniostoma ligustrifolium Apocynaceae Parsonsia heterophylla Caprifoliaceae Alseuosmia macrophylla

?Lonicera periclymenum* t Rubiaceae Coprosma macrocarpa

C. repens C. rhamnoides C. spathulata Galium parisiense*

Compositae Aster subulatus* Brachyglottis repanda Carduus tenuiflorus* Cassinia retorta Cirsium vulgare* Cotula coronopifolia Crepis capillaris* Erigeron floribundus* Eupatorium adenophorum* E. riparium* Gnaphalium gymnocephalum* G. luteo-album agg. G. spicatum*

black medick bur medick King Island melilot sweet pea shrub gorse oak

fig large-leaved milk tree NZ pellitory karaka

tauhinu wharangi

kohekohe akeake fivefinger lancewood houpara pate Maori celery slender celery centella fennel

Spanish heath snowberry mingimingi patotara prickly heath tawapou mapou yellow jasmine hangehange kaiwhiria NZ honeysuckle woodbine coastal karamu taupata

slender bedstraw sea aster rangiora winged thistle dune tauhinu Scotch thistle bachelor's button hawksbeard broad-leaved fleabane Mexican devil mist flower creeping cudweed Jersey cudweed purple cudweed

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Hypochoeris radicata* catsear Lagenophora lanata L. pumila Olearia furfuracea akepiro Picris heiracioides Senecio angulatus* t Cape ivy S. bipinnatisectus* Australian fireweed S. hispidulus S. jacobaea* ragwort S. lautus shore groundsel S. minimus fireweed Silybum marianum* variegated thistle Sonchus asper* prickly sowthistle S. oleraceus* sowthistle

Gentianaceae Centaurium erythraea* centaury Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis* scarlet pimpernel

Samolus repens Plantaginaceae Plantago hirtella* swamp plantain

P. lanceolata* narrow-leaved plantain Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilis NZ harebell Lobeliaceae Lobelia anceps shore lobelia

Pratia physaloides colensoa Solanaceae Datura Candida*'t angel's trumpet

Solanum aviculare poroporo S. nigrum* black nightshade S. sodomeum* Sodom's apple

Convolvulaceae Calystegia soldanella shore bindweed Dichondra repens Mercury Bay weed Ipomoea palmata NZ morning glory

Scrophulariaceae Hebe stricta var. stricta koromiko Limosella lineata Parentucellia viscosa* tarweed Veronica plebeja* Australian speedwell

Bignoniaceae Podranea ricasoliana* t Tecomaria capensis*^ tecoma hedge

Gesneriaceae Rhabdothamnus solandri waiuatua Verbenaceae Verbena litoralis* blue vervain

Vitex lucens puriri Labiatae Leonotis dysophylla*^ lion's ear

Prunella vulgaris* selfheal Elaeagnaceae** Elaeagnus pungens*\ elaeagnus Hydrangeaceae** Hydrangea x macrophylla* \ hydrangea Lythraceae** Lythrum hyssopifolia* loosestrife Orobanchaceae** Orobanche minor* broomrape Phytolaccaceae** Phytolacca octandra* inkweed Salicaceae** Populus nigra cv. 'Halica'*\ Lombardy poplar Vitidaceae** Vitis vinifera*\ grapevine

M O N O C O T Y L E D O N E S Juncaginaceae Triglochin striatum Liliaceae Arthropodium cirratum renga lily

Astelia banksii wharawhara A. solandri kahakaha Collospermum hastatum kokaha Dianella nigra turutu

Agavaceae Cordyline australis cabbage tree

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Phormium tenax NZ flax Juncaceae Junius articulatus* jointed rush

J. bufonius* toad rush ./. pallidas rush J. planifolius J. prismatocarpus ./. usitatus rush

Typhaceae Typha orientalis raupo Iridaceae Gladiolus undulatus* wild gladiolus Palmae Rhopalostylis sapida nikau Pandanaceae Freycinetia banksii kiekie Orchidaceae Microtis unifolia

Orthoceras strictum Pterostylis banksii greenhood orchid Thelymitra longifolia sun orchid

Cyperaceae Baumea rubiginosa Carex fascicularis C. flagellifera C. in versa C. lambertiana C. pumila sand sedge C. solandri C. spinirostris C. virgata Cyperus brevifolius* C. eragrostis* C. ustulatus Eleocharis acuta spike rush Gahnia lacera G. setifolia Lepidosperma australe square-stemmed sedge /-. laterale sword sedge Morelotia a/finis Schoenus apogon Scirpus cernuus S. chlorostachyus S. lacustris S. nodosus S. prolifer Uncinia uncinata hooked sedge

Gramineae Agropyron kirkii A. scabrum blue wheat grass Agrostis gigantea* redtop A. tenuis* browntop Aira caryophyllea* silvery hair grass A. multiculmis* Anthoxanthum odoratum* sweet vernal ?Arundinaria japonica*t bamboo A vena fatua* wild oat Axonopus affinis* narrow-leaved carpet

grass Bothriochloa macra* red-leg grass Briza minor* shivery grass Bromus mollis* B. unioloides* prairie grass

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Alliaceae** Araceae**

Cannaceae**

Zingberaceae**

Catapodium rigidum* Chionochloa bromoides Cortaderia fulvida C. jubata* C. splendens Cynodon dactylon* Dactylis glomerata* Dichelachne crinita D. rara Echinopogon ovatus Eragrostis brownii* Festuca arundinacea* Holcus lanatus* Hordeum murinum* Isachne australis Lachnagrostis filiformis Lagurus ovatus* Lolium perenne* Microlaena stipoides Notodanthonia penicillata N. racemosa Oplismenus imbecillis Parapholis incurva* Paspalum dilatatum* P. distichum P. paspalodes* P. scrobiculatum Pennisetum clandestinum* Poa anceps P. annua*

Polypogon monspeliensis* Spinifex hirsutus Sporobolus africanus* Stenotaphrum secundatum* Stipa teretifolia Vulpia bromoides* Allium vineale* Colocasia esculentum* Zantedeschia aethiopicum* t Canna hortensis* t C. indica*^ Hedychium flavescens* t

hard grass

toetoe purple pampas grass coastal toetoe Indian doab cocksfoot long-hair plume grass

hedgehog grass bay grass tall fescue Yorkshire fog barley grass swamp millet NZ wind grass harestail perennial ryegrass meadow rice grass danthonia danthonia

sickle grass paspalum

mercer grass scrobic kikuyu

beard grass silvery sand grass ratstail buffalo grass needle grass vulpia hair grass wild onion taro arum lily canna lily canna lily wild ginger

Group Native Adventive T O T A L S

Ferns 32 21 Gymnosperms 2 3 5 Monocotyledons 61 42 103 Dicotyledons 93 90 183

T O T A L S 188 135 323

Table 1. Distribution of (he vascular flora of Motukawanui according to plant groups and native or adventive status.

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