Taking the hazard out of waste management

1974 Original High Temperature Incinerator plant built by BEC 1982 Site sold to Rechem International 1990 Rotary kiln installed & solids handling systems improved 1992 Rechem sold to Shanks & McEwan 1995 Shanks & McEwan business restructured into

Shanks Waste Services (Landfill & Recycling)Shanks Chemical Services (Incineration & Treatment & Transfer)

2002 Waste to Energy Fluidised Bed Incinerator Commissioned 2005 Shanks Chemical Services sold to Onyx 2006 (February) Veolia – corporate rebranding of all their divisions 2006 (October) Veolia forced to sell Fawley incinerator due to EU commission ruling following their acquisition of Cleanaway May 2007 – Pyros Environmental Ltd

Site History

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Situated within a large petrochemical complex on an old gravel pit• Permitted Capacity

- 45,000Te per annum• Thermal Capacity

- 24 MW• c. 90 employees based at Fawley

Fawley High Temperature Incinerator (HTI)

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Burns solid, liquid and gaseous waste at >1100 deg Celsius.• Complete destruction of waste in an oxygen rich environment.• Suitable for handling large volumes of very hazardous waste.• Restricted number of H.T.I. in the UK.

High Temperature Incineration

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• LegislationSome waste has no legal alternative to incineration.

• EnvironmentalWaste is safely handled and does not pollute land or water.

• EconomicA secure and reliable outlet which increasingly competes on price.

• SecurityEnsures complete destruction.

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Why use HTI?

Taking the hazard out of waste management

HTI Schematic overview

• Refractory lined steel drum• 12 Metres x 4.5 Metres• Liquids fed via burners and lances• Solids fed via automated drum conveyor / shredder / bulk solid feed system• Kiln temperature between 1100oC - 1200oC• Solids residence time 2 - 4 Hours

Rotary Kiln

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Temperature 1120oC - 1150oC• Virgin Fuels used for start-up• Residence time for gases ~ 4 seconds• Destruction efficiency is > 99.99995%

Afterburner Chamber

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Gas Cleaning Plant

• Quench–Addition of water to cool the gases from 1100oC to 85oC in < 1/3 of a second–Prevent the formation of dioxins–Caustic (Sodium Hydroxide) added to neutralise acid gases–-Spin Vane Separator removes coarse dust and water droplets

• Absorber (Scrubber)–Packed column - to remove majority of dust–Remaining acidity neutralised

• 2 Electrostatic Precipitators–Remove the smaller particles of dust

• Conditioning Air–Heated air to remove visibility of plume

• Stack–Continual monitoring of emissionsTaking the hazard out of waste management

• Standard physio-chemical treatment• Chemical dosing and pH control to remove soluble heavy metal compounds• Clarifier – flocculent added to help settle suspended solids into a sludge which is pressed• Filtration

• Bag filter• Carbon Filter

• Batch analysis of effluent• Discharge to estuary

Effluent Treatment Plant

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Automated Control Systems

Process Control System (PCS)• Direct monitoring• Operation of the incineration process with waste interlocks• Plant designed to shut down safely in the event of an interruption to the utility supply

Safety Shut-Down System(SSDS)• Monitors key safety parameters (in triplicate)• Solid state device not reliant on software• Controlled shut-downs and start-ups• An updated version of the first of its kind in the hazardous waste industry

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Top tier COMAH site PPC licensed at the end of 2005 ISO 9001 (Quality) compliant ISO 14001 (Environment) compliant RSA93 Authorisation

Licences and Accreditation

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Radioactive Waste

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Authorisation under RSA 93 for:• Accumulation of Relevant Waste• Disposal of Relevant Waste by incineration on the premises• Discharge of solid, liquid and gaseous process wastes

Most comprehensive incineration authorisation within the UK to accept:• Carbon-14 and tritium wastes• Iodine-125, iodine-131, Phosphorus-32 & Sulphur-35• Other beta/gamma wastes• Alpha emitters

Capability

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Volume: 60m3

• Time: 90 Days

• Activity:

– Carbon-14 and tritium 1.6 TBq– Iodine-125, iodine-131, } 2 GBq Phosphorus-32 & Sulphur-35 }– Other beta/gamma wastes 1 GBq– Alpha emitters 40 MBq

Accumulation Limits

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Volume: No Limit

• Activity:

– Carbon-14 and tritium 1200 GBq/Month– Iodine-125, iodine-131, } 1 GBq/Month Phosphorus-32 & Sulphur-35 }– Other beta/gamma wastes 500 MBq/Month– Alpha emitters 40 MBq/Month

Incineration Limits

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Activity must be dispersible• Waste must be suitable for processing via:

– DSL (fully pumpable liquid up to 200ltr) or – Hoist (Solid up to 200ltr & Sludge up to 25ltr)

• Packaging must comply with current transport regulations

• External Dose Rate < 5Sv/hr preferred• Further conditions set out in CFA including drum limits for different groups of isotopes

Acceptance Criteria

Taking the hazard out of waste management

•Waste can also be processed via shredder (1m x 1m x 1m)

• Packaging must comply with transport regulations• External Dose Rate < 5Sv/hr preferred• Characterisation and declaration stating waste is within exemption order limits

Exempt NORM Waste

Taking the hazard out of waste management

Waste to Energy

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Commissioned in 2002• Fluidised bed incinerator with energy recovery• Commissioned on Meat and Bone Meal (MBM)• Now trialling and running on alternative wastes including hazardous waste.• Exports 6MW/hr of electricity to the national grid

Waste to Energy

Taking the hazard out of waste management

• Developed, proven technologies• Avoiding problems associated with landfill regulations• Reducing volumes and treats hazards prior to landfill• Incineration is BPEO for most low level radioactive wastes• Working to the highest standards• Professional and dedicated team

Summary

Taking the hazard out of waste management