table of contents - us epa · pdf filetable of contents. introduction ... 32 the national oil...
TRANSCRIPT
i
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Section 1: Overview of Area Planning ............................................................................................... 3A. What is an Area Contingency Plan? ...................................................................................... 3B. How is an ACP developed? .................................................................................................... 4C. WhatarethebenefitsofanACP? ......................................................................................... 4D. WhatarethestatutoryandregulatoryunderpinningsoftheACP? .................................... 5E. WhatistherelationshipoftheACPtootherplans? ............................................................ 6
Section 2: Initial Steps/Preliminary Analysis ................................................................................... 9
Section 3: Area Committees .............................................................................................................11A. Initial AC recruitment ...........................................................................................................11B. Project management ...........................................................................................................12C. Initial AC meeting .................................................................................................................12D. AC organization ....................................................................................................................13E. AC operations .......................................................................................................................14F. AC activities and responsibilities ........................................................................................14
Section 4: Scope and Content of the ACP ......................................................................................17
Section 5: Essential Plan Elements .................................................................................................19A. Maps .....................................................................................................................................19B. Contactsandnotification .....................................................................................................19C. Resources .............................................................................................................................19D. Sensitive areas .....................................................................................................................21E. Hazard analysis ....................................................................................................................22F. Response strategies and worst-case discharges ...............................................................24G. Response management: roles and responsibilities ..........................................................25
Section 6: Advanced Area Planning ................................................................................................27A. NOAA Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA) ..................................27B. Computer-AidedManagementofEmergencyOperations(CAMEO) .................................27C. LandView® 6 ........................................................................................................................28D. RMP*Comp...........................................................................................................................29
Appendix A: Statutory and Regulatory Authorities .......................................................................31CERCLA and EPCRA ................................................................................................................... 31Clean Water Act .......................................................................................................................... 31TheOilPollutionActof1990(OPA90) .....................................................................................32The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) ..................32TheStaffordAct ..........................................................................................................................34Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD)/Presidential Policy Directives (PPD) .....35Clean Water Act and NCP Area Plan Requirements.................................................................38
ii
Appendix B: Area Committees .........................................................................................................41
Appendix C: ACP Formats, Scope and Organization ....................................................................43
Appendix D: Tools ...............................................................................................................................45
Appendix E: Contact/Notification Lists ..........................................................................................47
Appendix F: Resource Inventory Development .............................................................................49
Appendix G: Response Strategy Development ..............................................................................51
Appendix H: Resources for Assistance in ACP Development ......................................................53
Appendix I: Volunteers .....................................................................................................................55
Appendix J: Acronyms ......................................................................................................................57
iii
Disclaimer
This Handbook includes links to documents and information on non-EPA sites. Links to non-EPA sites and documents do not imply any official EPA endorsement of, or responsibility for, the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at those locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. Links to non-EPA web sites and documents are provided solely as a pointer to information on topics related to area contingency planning that may be useful to EPA staff and the public.
While EPA will attempt to keep links to information timely and accurate, the Agency makes no expressed or implied guarantees. EPA expects to review this Handbook routinely and update the links listed in the appendices as necessary.
iv
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
1
IntroductionThisHandbookisaguideandreferenceforthedevelopmentofAreaContingencyPlans(ACPs)forenvironmentalemergencies.WhileitisprimarilyintendedforusebyEPAemergencyresponseprogrampersonnel,areacontingencyplanningisnecessarilyaninter-agencyprocess,andtheuseofthishandbooktoinformotheragenciesofEPA’splanningprocessisencouraged.Becauseareaplansarefocusedonspecificgeographicdomains,withmanyphysicalandjurisdictionalvariables,therecanbeno‘onesizefitsall’planformat,butmaintaininganationalconsistencyinthebasiccontentisimportant,particularlyconsideringthestatutoryandregulatoryrequirementsby which EPA and other agencies are bound.
ThishandbookwasdevelopedbyEPA’sAreaPlanningWorkgroupduring2011and2012andincorporatestheaccumulatedknowledgeofyearsofcontingencyplanningexperience.AlthoughACPsarespecificallymandatedbytheOilPollutionActof1990(OPA90),EPA’sresponsibilitiesunderotherlaws,includingCERCLA,makeanall-hazardsapproachtocontingencyplanningdesirable.Theprocessesofplanningforresponsestoalltypesofenvironmentalemergencies(e.g.,oilspills,hazardousmaterialsreleases,natural disasters) share common elements that have been demonstrably successfulinmajorresponses.
Intheinterestsofconcisenessandaccessibility,thishandbookwillnotrecapitulateextensiveportionsofrelateddocuments,butwilllistkeyreferences,includinglaws,regulationsandtechnicalresources,inappendices.
ThisHandbookisavailablefordownloadasaPDFfilefromEPA’sOfficeofEmergency Management web site at http://www.epa.gov/oem/.
2
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
3
A. What is an Area Contingency Plan?AnACPisareferencedocumentpreparedfortheuseofallagenciesengagedinrespondingtoenvironmentalemergenciesinadefinedgeographicarea.ThroughoutthisHandbook,theterms‘AreaContingencyPlan’and‘ACP’alsoencompasstheprocessesfordevelopingandmanagingSub-AreaPlansandGeographicResponsePlans,whichhavescopesmorelimitedthantheACPitself.
Underfederallaw(OPA90)andregulation(NationalContingencyPlan),allUnitedStatesterritoryisdividedintojurisdictionalzones,withtheU.S.CoastGuard(USCG)designatedtheleadagencyforplanningandresponseincoastalzonesandcertainmajorinlandwaterbodies,andEPAdesignatedtheleadforinlandareas,withcertainexceptionsforDoD-managedareas.AsanEPAdocument,thishandbookisfocusedoninlandzoneplanning,butEPAalsohasaroleinthecoastalzone,particularlyregarding oil spill counter-measure concurrence and approvals. EPA-lead inland plans covering areas adjacent to the coastal zone must also ensurecompatibilitywithUSCG-leadplansforthosezones.AppendixAprovidesspecificdetailsonfederaljurisdictions.
UnderCWA311(j)(4),therearespecificrequiredelementsforACPs.Theseelements include:
q Adescriptionoftheareacoveredbytheplan,includingareasofspecialeconomicorenvironmentalimportancethatmightbe damaged by a discharge. This description should provide a comprehensivepictureofthedefinedarea,whichmaybeabodyofwater,awatershedorapoliticaljurisdiction
q Adescriptionoftheresponsibilitiesofowners,operatorsandfederal,stateandlocalagenciesinrespondingtoadischarge,ormitigatingorpreventingasubstantialthreatofdischarge.Theplanshouldidentifythoseentitieswithauthoritiesandresourcesforplanningandresponse,describetheircapabilitiesandestablishanoperationalframeworkfortheseentitiestoensureoptimumcommunicationandcoordination during a response.
q Alistofresources(personnel,equipmentandsupplies)availableforresponse to discharges.
q Adescriptionofproceduresforexpeditingdecisionsontheuseofdispersants.
q Adescriptionofhowtheplanisintegratedwithotherplans.
Section
1Overview of Area Planning
4
WhenimplementedinconjunctionwiththeNCP,theACPmustbeadequatetoremoveaworstcasedischarge,andtomitigateorpreventasubstantialthreatofsuchdischarge.Additionally,ACPsmayprovideguidelinesforconductingspecifictaskssuchas:sampling,classifying,segregation,andtemporarystagingofrecoveredwaste;andidentifyingpriorstatedisposalapproval,variouswastedisposaloptionsandahierarchyofpreferencesfordisposalalternatives(40CFR300.310(c)).
AnACPisnotarigid,prescriptiveplanwithstep-by-stepinstructionsforresponses.Ratheritisamechanismtoensurethatallrespondershaveaccesstoessentialarea-specificinformationandtopromoteinter-agencycoordinationasameansofimprovingtheeffectivenessofresponses.
B. How is an ACP developed?AnACPistheproductofacollaborativeprocessinvolvingstakeholderswithinthedefinedarea,organizedasanAreaCommittee(AC).Althoughitmustbeinitiatedandledbyafederalagency(33U.S.C.1321(j)(4)(B)),theACistobecomprisedofmembersfromqualifiedpersonnelofFederal,State,andlocalagencies.TheACprovidesaforumforagenciestodevelopconstructiveworkingrelationshipswhileidentifyingissuesandproblemsanddevelopingsolutionsinadvanceofaresponse.TheACisresponsiblefordevelopingtheACP,evaluatingitsimplementation,andmaintainingitthroughacontinuousimprovementprocess,throughconsultationswiththeRRTsand others as appropriate.
C. What are the benefits of an ACP?Responding to the immediate circumstancesofanenvironmentalemergencycanbeachallengingtask.Overlapping jurisdictions and potentially divergentinterestsofthepartiesinvolvedcanmakeresponseevenmoredifficult.TheACPprovidesamechanismforplanningforthesepotentialcomplicationspriortoanincident.TheACPisausefultoolforresponders,providingthemwithpracticalandaccessibleinformationtoplacetheincidentinalargercontext,informingthemaboutwhoandwhattheyneedtoknowtomaketheresponseeffective.
TheprocessforACPdevelopmentmaybeasbeneficialasthefinalproduct.TheAreaCommitteeprovidesaforumforallpartiestoidentifyproblems,resolveconflictsandbecomeinformedabouttheissuesraisedbyactualandpotentialincidents.FromEPA’spointofview,theACprovidesan
5
effectivemechanismforinformingawideaudienceabouttheresponseandplanningconceptsaspartoftheNationalResponseSystem(NRS).TheNRSisthegovernment’smechanismforemergencyresponsetodischargesofoilandthereleaseofchemicalsintothenavigablewatersorenvironmentwithinthejurisdictionoftheUnitedStates.TheNRSfunctionsthroughanetworkofinteragencyandinter-governmentrelationshipsthatwereformallyestablishedanddescribedintheNationalOilandHazardousSubstancesPollutionContingencyPlan(NCP)asfoundin 40CFRPart300.TheACprovidesawayforlocal,state,andfederalmemberstodefinetheirmostsignificantconcerns,ensuringthattheywillbeconsideredshouldaresponseberequired.
D. What are the statutory and regulatory underpinnings of the ACP?ACPswereinitiallyconceivedinthecontextofoilspillresponses,buttheACPconcepthasgrownbeyondthattoencompasstheprospectofresponsestoenvironmentalemergenciesingeneral,includinghazardousmaterialsreleases,naturaldisastersandactsofterrorism.Thereisasubstantialfoundationoflaws,regulationsandexecutiveordersthatprovidethebasisforACPs.These include:
Clean Water Act (1972): The CWA (originally the Federal Water Pollution Control Act) expanded thefederalgovernment’sauthoritytoregulatedischargestowaterwaysandprovidedtheoriginalstatutorybasisfortheNationalContingencyPlan(NCP).
OilPollutionActof1990:TheOPA90amendmenttotheCWAestablishedACPrequirementsfortheNRStoaddressworst-casedischargesofoilandhazardoussubstancesandmandatedfacility-specificplans(facilityresponseplans[FRPs])forcertaincategoriesoffacilities.
ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityAct(1980): CERCLA establishedafederalemergencyresponseprogramtodealwithimmediatethreatsfromhazardoussubstancesandpollutants(excludingpetroleumasprovidedby42U.S.C.9601(14)and (33)) and a remedial response program to deal with hazardous waste sites requiring actions consistent with a permanent remedy
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (1986): EPCRA amended CERCLA by addingrequirementsforcommunity-basedemergencyplanning,throughStateEmergencyResponseCommissions(SERCs),LocalEmergencyPlanningCommittees(LEPCs),andpublicdisclosureofhazardsassociatedwithcertainfacilities.
TheRobertT.StaffordDisasterReliefandEmergencyAssistanceAct,asamended:TheStaffordActprovidestheauthoritiesandfundingforfederalsupporttostateandlocalentitiesinresponding to major disasters and emergencies.
NationalResponseFramework(2008):TheNRFisthefederalexecutivedocumentthatprovidesthenationalblueprintforhowtheNationconductsall-hazardsresponse.
NationalContingencyPlan(40CFRPart300,amendedin1994):TheNCPisthefederalregulationthatdefinestheauthoritiesandresponsibilitiesofdesignatedfederalagenciesforrespondingtoreleasesofoil,pollutantsandhazardoussubstances.
6
Regional Contingency Plans:TheNCPrequiresthateachfederalregion,throughitsRegionalResponseTeam(RRT),developRCPs.ACPsexistundertheumbrellaoftheRCP.
Homeland Security Presidential Directives: HSPDsareexecutiveordersthataddressspecificissues.HSPD-5coversincidentmanagement,andrequirestheestablishmentoftheNationalIncidentManagementSystem(NIMS).HSPD-7addressestheprotectionofthenation’scriticalinfrastructure.PresidentialPolicyDirective/PPD-8focusesonimprovingtheoverallpreparednessofthenationtorespondtoemergencies.PPD-8replacesHSPD-8.
State Laws:Eachstate,territorialandtribalentityhasitsownlawsandregulationsthatapplytoenvironmentalemergencies.AspartnersintheACPprocess,theseentitiesidentifywhichagencies and requirements are relevant to the ACP.
Local Laws: EachlocalityparticipatingintheACPidentifieswhichofitslawsandordinancesarerelevant to the ACP and which agencies will participate in the ACP process.
AmoredetailedsummaryofthestatutoryandregulatorybasisforACPsisincludedinAppendixA.
E. What is the relationship of the ACP to other plans?TheNCPistheregulatoryfoundationforinteragencycontingencyplanning.TheNCPisaregulationthatestablishestheauthorities,responsibilitiesandrelationshipsofagenciesinresponding to environmental emergencies. RCPs extend the NCP model to a narrower regional focus,bringinginstatesandotherentitiesasparticipantstodealwithregion-specificconcerns.
InExecutiveOrder12777,thePresidentdelegatedtheauthoritytodesignateareas,appointAreaCommitteemembers,determinetheinformationtobeincludedinACPs,andreviewandapproveplansfortheinlandzonetotheEPAAdministrator.TheEPAAdministrator,throughdelegation2-91,initiallydesignatedthirteengeographicareasalreadycoveredbyRegionalResponseTeams,andtheRegionalResponseTeamsastheinitialAreaCommittees.TheEPAAdministratoralsodelegatedRegionalAdministratorstheauthoritytodesignatedifferentgeographicareaswithintheirRegionsandappointdifferentAreaCommitteemembers.RegionalAdministratorsareauthorizedtodelegatetheauthoritynolowerthantheDivisionDirectorlevel.Forthisreason,anRCPmayfunctionasanACP,ifthedesigneedeterminesthatthereisnoneedforformallydefiningmultipleACPswithinaregion.Sub-regionalconcernsmayalsobeaddressedbySub-AreaPlans,whichhaveamorelimitedscope,butmanyofthesameelementsasACPsorbyGeographicResponsePlans,whichfocusonspecificresponsestrategiesandtacticsformorenarrowly-definedareas.IfthedesigneedeterminesthattheRCPwillserveasthesoleACPfortheregion,theRRTassumestheresponsibilitiesoftheACasdescribedin40CFR300.205(c).Inthiscase,theRRTsolicitsstatesforlocalrepresentatives.NGOandprivatesectormembersmayalsobe invited.
ACPsalsointerfacewithplansdevelopedbystateandlocalauthoritiesandbyprivatesectorfacilities,aswellasotherACPsinborderingjurisdictions,suchasthosedevelopedbytheUSCG.The diagram on the next page illustrates the relationships between the various plans. The Federal ResponsePlan(FRP)wassupersededbytheNationalResponseFramework(NRF)in2008.
7
Relationship of Plans
Therearethreelevelsofcontingencyplansunderthenationalresponsesystem:NationalContingencyPlan,RegionalContingencyPlans,andAreaContingencyPlans.Therelationshipsbetween these plans and other planning mechanisms are described above.
8
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
9
Section
2Initial Steps/Preliminary Analysis
ThedecisiontoinitiatethedevelopmentofanACP(oraSub-areaPlanoraGeographicResponsePlan)shouldbeprecededbyananalysisofthecostsandbenefitsoftheprocessbythefederalleadagency’sdesignatedOnSceneCoordinator.TheinitialforumforthisanalysisismostoftentheRRT,becauseACPsaresubsetsoftheRCPs.ThestimulusforthedevelopmentofanACPmaybetheexperiencesofagenciesduringtheresponsetoamajorincident,oritmaybeapro-activeefforttoprotectsensitiveresourcesortoaddressissuesrelatedtohigh-riskfacilities.TherearenoconstraintsontheACP-definedareaswithintheregion.Itmaybebasedonjurisdictionalboundaries,forexample,ifastateperceivestheneedforspecificmeasureswithinitsboundaries,oritmaybebasedongeographicaldeterminants,suchasawatershedthatencompassessensitiveresources.Regardless,ifthereisaconsensusamongtheRRTparticipantsthatanACPshouldbeconsidered,thentheRRTshouldestablishanadhoccommitteeofinterestedagenciestoconductaninitialanalysis,whichshouldinvolvethefollowingconsiderations:
1. Aninventoryandassessmentofexistingplans,includingtheRCPandanyotherfederal,state,regionalandlocalplans,andanassessmentoftheeffectivenessoftheseplans,includingtheidentificationofgaps and other inadequacies that an ACP could remedy.
2. Identificationoftheportionsofexistingplanswhichareadequateand can be incorporated into an ACP.
3. Identificationofpotentialsub-areaswithintheACPboundariesthatmayrequirespecialattention,leadingtosub-areaplans.
4. Reviewofdataandinformationfrompastincidents(e.g.,after-actionreports,lessonslearned,unresolvedissues).ThisreviewshouldidentifyspecificproblemsthattheACPwilladdress.
5. Preliminaryidentificationofsensitiveareas,includingenvironmental,cultural and economic resources.
6. Identificationofactualandpotentialjurisdictionalconflicts.
7. Identificationofhigh-riskfacilitiesandcriticalinfrastructures.
8. Assessmentofnaturaldisasterriskandimpact.
9. Initialestimatesofthetimeandresourcesrequiredfordevelopingthe ACP.
10
10. Preliminaryidentificationofkeyagenciesandentitiesthatshouldbeinvitedtoparticipateinthe AC.
11. AssessmentoftheconsequencesofnotdoinganACP.
12. ConsiderationoftheexpansionofotherSub-AreaPlansandResponsePlansbeyondtheircurrent geographic area.
IftheinitialanalysisconcludesthatthereislittleornobenefitfromdevelopinganACP,orifthereareinsufficientresourcestosuccessfullyconcludetheproject,thentheRCPremainstheoperativeplanandfunctionsastheACP.
IftheconclusionoftheinitialanalysisisthattherewouldbeanetbenefitfromdevelopinganACP,andthattherearesufficientresourcesavailable(e.g.,personnel,funding),thenextstepis to establish an AC. A lead agency or agencies should be designated to conduct outreach and provideinformationtopotentialACmembers.
BeforeformallybeginningtheACPprocess,itiswisetoinformallyproposetheconcepttoexistingcontactsintheresponsecommunitytodetermineiftheyaresupportiveingeneral,andiftheycancommittimeandresources.Atthispoint,firmcommitmentsarenotrequired.
11
Section
3Area Committees
A. Initial AC recruitmentThefirsttaskistoidentifythestakeholdersandinterestgroupsthatshould be involved in developing the ACP. Beginning with the list developedduringtheinitialanalysis,asummaryoftheanalysisandaninvitationtojointheeffortshouldbedistributedbytheleadagency.Thisfirstinvitationlistmaybesupplementedwithadditionalinviteesastheeffortgainsvisibility,withtheobjectivetobeasinclusiveandcomprehensive as possible. Potential members include:
q Existing RRT member agencies
q Other state/territorial/tribal agencies
l TheleadstateagencyrepresentativetotheRRTshouldidentifyother state agencies with interest and expertise relevant to ACP development
q Regional and local agencies
l TheLEPCswithintheareashouldbetheinitialcontactpointfordevelopingalistofpotentialparticipants
q NGOs
l This list should include such entities as industry associations and environmental organizations
q Privatesectorentities,includingregulatedfacilities
l ThepotentiallistshouldincludefacilitiesrequiredtohaveFRPsandothersidentifiedashigh-riskintheinitialanalysis
Responses to the solicitation should be evaluated critically. Every invitee maynotbeableorwillingtoparticipate,soconsiderationmustbegiventoidentifyingthosethataremostimportanttothesuccessoftheeffortandfindingincentivesforthemtoparticipate.ThenumberofACmembersisvariableanditislikelythatseveraltiersofparticipationwillemerge.
TheACrecruitmentphasemayrequireseveralmonthsofdialogwithcriticalmembersthatarereluctanttocommitforvariousreasons(e.g.,timeconstraints,limitedresources).Adecisionmustbemadeastowhetherenoughofthekeymembershavecommittedtowarrantproceeding with the initial AC meeting or whether additional preliminary workisneeded.
12
B. Project managementConcurrentwiththesolicitationofparticipants,theleadagencyshouldbeginscopingtheprojectbecausethecostsandthetimeframewillbeimportantfactorstopotentialACmembers.Itisunlikelythatadefinitivecostandschedulecanbedevelopedatthistime,soanestimateshouldbedevelopedbasedonpreviousexperience.OtherACPsshouldbereviewedtofindonethatprovidesanappropriatemodel,andtheACfortheselectedmodelshouldbecontactedtoobtaininformationonrealisticcostsandschedules.Thisfirstestimateshouldinclude:
q Staffingrequirementsandcosts
q Travel costs
q Contractorsupportrequirements,sources,andcosts
q Overallfundingrequirementsandsources
q Time-line
C. Initial AC meetingIftheresponsestothesolicitationindicatesufficientinterestbypotentialparticipatingentitiestoproceedwiththeeffort,anACformationmeetingshouldbescheduledand planned. The lead agency should prepareabriefingpackageforthemeeting,including the initial analysis and the presumptivescheduleandbudget,alongwithrelatedpresentationmaterials.Briefingmaterials should be made available to invitees in advance.
The meeting date and location should beselectedwithcaretoaffordmaximumparticipation. Special consideration should be given to critical members.
Enlistingthesupportofstateandlocalco-hostsforthemeetingmayhelpdiffuseperceptionsthattheACPisafederal‘top-down’project.
Theessentialelementsoftheinitialmeetingagendainclude:
q Welcomingremarksbyco-hosts
q Briefingbytheleadagencyonoverallcontext,authorities,analysis,ACfunctions,scheduleand budget
q Opportunitytoreviewexampleplansfromotherareas
13
q Opportunityforclarifyingquestionsanddialog
q Opportunitytooptfornon-participationorinformation-onlystatus
q Opportunityforpotentialmemberstodescribetheirinterests,authoritiesandresources
l Discussionofobstacles(e.g.,budgetary,bureaucratic)
l Immediatefollow-onmeetingtoplanforfirstformalmeetingfollowingtheformationmeeting
ThefirstmeetingoftheACshouldfocusonobtainingaconsensusonthefollowingbasics:
q AC membership and organization
l Mail and email lists
l Identificationofotherpartiesforfurthersolicitation
l Agreement on chair/co-chair agencies
q AC protocols
l Meetinglocationsandscheduling,record-keeping,logistics
q Reviewoftheinitialanalysis
l IstheareacoveredbytheACPdefinedappropriately?
l Are there errors or gaps in the initial analysis?
q GeneralagreementonscopeandscheduleforACPdevelopment
q ReviewofresourcesavailableforACPdevelopment,aswellaspotentialresourceconstraints
q Reviewofpotentialobstacles
q ACPformat,focus,levelofdetailanddistribution
SubsequentACmeetingswillfocusonthespecifictasksofACPdevelopment.
D. AC organizationThereisnorequirementthatanyspecificorganizationalmodelbefollowed,andtheACmayconsidervariousoptions.Theformalityoftheorganizationisalsoafunctionofitssize;smallACscanbemoreinformalandcollegial,whilelargeACsmayrequireamoreclearly-definedstructure.
Theparticipatingentitieswilllikelyfallintothreegroups:
q Key players:Thosewithanactiveinterestandwithsufficientresourcestoplayanactivecontinuing role in the AC.
q Supporting players:Entitieswithactive,butlimitedinterestorresourcesthatmayparticipateonspecificissues.
q Observers:EntitiesthatneedtoknowaboutACactivities,buthavenoactiverole.
14
Organizationally,keyplayersshouldbeincludedinanexecutivecommitteeorshouldactaschairsofpotentialsubcommittees.Supportingplayersshouldbeofferedrolesandpositionstailoredtotheirexpertiseandtime/resourcelimitations.ObserversmaybekeptinformedthroughperiodicreportsandshouldbeofferedtheopportunitytoprovideinputandcommentregardingelementsoftheACPastheyaredeveloped.
E. AC operationsParticipationinanACisvoluntary,anddecision-makingisprimarilybyconsensus.EPAwillchair the committee (with USCG as co-chair in areas where joint inland and coastal planning is conducted),butstateandlocalparticipantsmayalsobegivenco-chairroles.EachACisheadedbyaFederalOn-SceneCoordinator(FOSC);generallyEPApersonnelfortheinlandzoneandUSCGpersonnelforthecoastalzone.
Memberassignmentsarevoluntary,andshouldbebasedontheinterests,expertiseandtime/resourcescommitmentrequiredtoexecutetheassignedtasks.KeyACoperationsarethefollowing:
Review and approval processes:Astasksarecompleted,theACmustdeterminewhatlevelsofreviewarerequired,bothwithintheACitselfandexternaltotheAC.DraftACPelementsshouldbebroadlydistributedforreviewandcomment,withreasonabledeadlines(e.g.,30days).WhentheACdeterminesthattheACPiscomplete,theACPshouldbesubmittedtotheinvolvedEPARegionalAdministrators(ortheirdesignees)forfinalapproval.(SeeAppendixA,April24,1992Federal Register Notice.)
Documentation,record-keepingandadministrativesupport: An important early AC decision is todeterminetheappropriatelevelofrecord-keepinganddocumentation,andtheamountofadministrative support required to maintain this level. Administrative support may be provided by stafffromparticipatingagenciesorfromsupportcontractors,andincludesthemaintenanceoffiles,distributionlists,websitesandothertasks.
Referencematerialslibraryanddistribution:AstheACPprocessevolves,thesetofreferencematerials supporting the ACP will grow. Maintaining this set and ensuring that all participants haveaccesstoitisaseparateadministrativesupporttask.
Membership management:ThemostimportantpartofthistaskisthemaintenanceoftheACmembershipanddistributionlists,ensuringthatmailaddresses,emailaddressesandphonenumbersarekeptaccurateandcurrent.ForthosemembersoftheACwithspecificACresponsibilities,back-uporalternatemembersshouldalsobeidentifiedtoensurecontinuityismaintained when a member is unavailable.
F. AC activities and responsibilitiesTheleadAgencydesignatedFOSCisresponsiblefordevelopingandmanagingtheACPthroughtheAC.Thesetasksinclude:
q ACP development:TheAC’sprimarytaskistoproduceafinalACPthatmeetstheneedsdefinedbytheACmembersandachievesthestandardsrequired.
15
q ACP publishing and distribution:OncethefinalACPisdeveloped,theACshoulddecideonthemodesofpublication(e.g.,hardcopy,electronic,internet)andthescopeofdistribution.
q ACP evaluation:OncetheACPisdistributed,theACshouldestablishamechanismforevaluatingitseffectiveness.TheACPitselfshouldcontaincontactaddressesforreceivingfeedbackandtheACshouldperiodicallyconsidercommentsreceivedforpossiblefutureamendments.Inaddition,theACmayparticipateinafter-actionanalysesofsignificantincidents and exercises.
q ACP updates and modifications:Technologicaladvances,jurisdictionalandorganizationalchanges,infrastructurechangesandotherfactorsmayrequiretheACPtobemodifiedandupdated.TheACshouldconsiderestablishinganappropriateupdatecycle.Inaddition,ameansforprovidinginterimupdatesshouldbeestablishedforsignificanteventsthatcannotbedeferredtotheupdatecycle.ThismakesACPversioncontrolanddate-stampinganessentialpartofACPmanagementandenablesalluserstoworkwiththemostcurrentinformation.
q Inreach and outreach activities:Ataminimum,theACmayberequestedtoprovidereportsonprogresstotheRRT.Beyondthat,theACshouldconsiderhowinformationshouldbedisseminatedamongtheareacommunity.TheACmayserveasaclearing-houseforplanningandresponse-relatednews.ACmembersshouldinformtheirownagenciesabouttheACPandhowtoaccessanduseit,sothatallrespondersareequallypreparedwhenanincidentoccurs.TheACshouldalsobepreparedtorespondtorequestsforinformationfromoutsideentitiesandorganizations;thismayrequirethepreparationoffactsheetsandbriefingmaterialsthatprovideageneraloverviewoftheACP.
q ACP Environmental Benefits Analysis:NetEnvironmentalBenefitsAnalysis(NEBA)isamethodologyforidentifyingandcomparingenvironmentalbenefitsofalternativemanagementoptionsintheremovalofdischargedoilandoilproducts.Netenvironmentalbenefitsarethegainsinenvironmentalservicesorotherecologicalpropertiesattainedbytheremovaloftheoilorecologicalrestorationminustheenvironmentalinjuriescausedbythoseactions.ANEBAforoiledsitestypicallyinvolvesthecomparisonofthefollowingmanagement alternatives:
l Leavingcontaminationinplacefornaturalattenuation;
l Removingthecontaminantsthroughtraditionalremovaltechniques;and
l Remediating contamination with alternative removal techniques.
NEBAinvolvesvaluingecologicalservicesorotherproperties,assessingadverseimpacts,andevaluatingremovalactions.NEBAisarisk-benefitanalysisappliedtoenvironmentalmanagementoptions.Todothis,abalanceofresourcemanagersandemergencyrespondersmustparticipatetogetherinformingopinion,guidingdiscussionandeducatingeachotherinprocessesofimportance and concern.
16
NEBA has the potential to assist resources managers avoid the possibility that the selected removalalternativewillprovidenonetenvironmentalbenefitovernaturalattenuationofcontaminants and ecological recovery. An alternative removal option may provide no net environmentalbenefitbecause:
l Theremovalactionisineffectiveorinappropriate(theactiondoesnotsubstantiallychangetherisk);or
l The removal alternative causes environmental injuries greater than the damage associated with the contamination because:
- Theneedforremediationhasbeendrivenbyhumanhealthrisk,notecologicalrisk;
- Theecologicalinjuryfromcontaminationhasbeenoverestimated;
- Injuriesassociatedwithremovalwerenotproperlyaddressed;or
- Theneedforremediationisdrivenbyhumanconsiderationsnotrelatedtohealthorecologic concerns.
NEBA has the potential to help resource managers plan a removal that provides apositivenetenvironmentalbenefitoverthe hypothetical state that would prevail intheabsenceofcontamination.NEBAmaybeappropriateifanyoftheremovalalternativespotentiallyhavesignificantnegativeecologicaleffectsorminimalecologicalbenefits.Finally,NEBAmaybeused when the multiple alternatives are beneficial,buttheonewiththegreatestnetbenefitsisnotapparentwithoutformalanalysis.
SeeAppendixDforexamplesofsensitiveareasinventories.
q ACP-based drills and exercises:TheACitselfmaysponsordrillsandexercisestotesttheviabilityofACPelementsanditshouldencourageitsmemberstousetheACPwhenconducting such activities in internal agency venues and in inter-agency exercises. The AC should ensure that exercise evaluations relating to the ACP are included in the ACP improvement process.
q ACP-related training: The AC may develop and sponsor training activities to improve the abilityofresponderstoaccessandutilizetheACP.ThesemaybespecifictotheACPormayincludemoregeneraltopics,suchasNIMS-ICScourses,HealthandSafetycoursesorspillresponsecourses.Forelectronicandweb-basedACPs,theACshouldconsidertheneedfortrainingintheuseofsoftwarethatmayberequiredforaccessandutilization.
ForexamplesofACorganizations,documents,agendasandprocesses,seeAppendixC.
17
q ACP coverage:TheareacoveredbytheACPmaybedefinedbygeographicfeatures,jurisdictionalboundaries,orboth,atthediscretionoftheAC.WithintheACPboundaries,sub-areasmaybedefinedwherethereareuniquecircumstancesthatrequiretailoredresponse strategies.
q Areas of special economic and environmental importance: The ACP mustincludeaninventoryoffeatureswithintheareathatrequireawareness by responders when developing response strategies.
l Critical infrastructure:Utilities(suchasdrinkingwaterintakes,waterandwastewatertreatmentplants,andmajorelectricalpowerplantsandtransmissionlines),transportationcorridorsandfacilities,andotherinfrastructureelementsmayrequirespecificprotectionmeasures,specialnotificationoraccessprotocolsorhaveotheruniqueattributesthatmayaffectaresponse.TheACPshouldidentifythesefeaturesandalsoprovideguidanceonhowthey should be considered in response strategies.
l Environmentally sensitive areas:TheACPshouldidentifyareaswithin its bounds that may require tailored protection or response strategies due to unique environmental attributes. These may be recreationalorcommercially-significantareas,endangeredspecieshabitats,drinkingwatersuppliesorotherareasdefinedbytheAC.Ineachcase,theACPshouldprovideguidanceonhowrespondersshouldincorporatetheneedsoftheseareasintoresponsestrategies.
l Culturally sensitive areas:TheACPshouldidentifyhistoricallandmarks,archeologicalsites,triballandsandotherfeaturesthat may require special protective measures or interaction with trustees or tribal authorities.
l High-risk locations:TheACPshouldidentifyfixedfacilitiesandtransportationinfrastructurelocationsthatpresentahighriskofreleaseofoilorhazardoussubstances.Oncetheseareidentified,theACPshouldthenaddresslocation-specificresponsestrategiesandpreparedness,suchasthepre-stagingofresponseequipment. To the extent that these locations may be subject toregulatoryrequirements,suchasfacilitiesrequiredtohaveanFRP,theACPshouldreferenceorprovidealinktotheFRPorotherrequiredplan.TheACPshouldalsoreferenceand,wheneverpossible,linktoplansandotherinformationdevelopedbyLEPCswithin its bounds.
Section
4Scope and Content of the ACP
18
l Natural disaster impact areas:TheACPshouldincorporateinformationrelatingtolocationsthatmaybesusceptibletonaturaldisasterimpact(e.g.,flooding,earthquakes),andprovidereferencesorlinkstorelateddisasterresponseplansatthelocal,stateandfederallevels.
q Identifying and integrating with other plans:TheACPshouldidentifyanddefineitsrelationshiptoothercontingencyplansthatarewithin,adjacentto,oroverlappingtheACPdefinedarea.TheseplansshouldbereviewedtoensuretheACPisnotinconsistentwiththem,andtheownersoftheseplansshouldbeinformedoftheACP’sstatusandreceivecopiesofthefinalACP.IfthereisareasonableprospectofanincidentoccurringthatimpactsboththeACPareaandanareacoveredbyanadjacentplan,theACshouldestablishnotificationandcoordinationprotocolswiththeadjacententities.Examplesofotherplanstoconsider include:
l External plans: Adjacent RCPs and ACPs and International border plans
l Internal plans:Stateandlocalplans,privatesectorplans(FRPsandRiskManagementPlans (RMPs))
q Overall ACP formats:TheACshouldreviewexampleformatsfortheACPtodeterminethemostappropriatefitfortheneedsofarearesponders.TheprimarypurposeoftheACPistoserveasaresponsetool.TheprimarycustomersoftheACprocessarethearearesponders,sotheACPmustbeportable,easytonavigate,andaccurate.
q ACP maintenance:OncetheACPisissuedinfinalform,theACshouldimplementamanagementandmaintenanceprocesstokeeptheACPcurrentandtoincorporateimprovements.Aregularupdatecycleshouldbeconsideredtoprovideforchangesthatarenottime-critical,butinterimamendmentsmayalsoberequiredtoreflectsignificantchangeswithinthedefinedarea.Versioncontrolshouldbeestablishedandaninterimupdateprocessiscritical.Certainportionsoftheplan,suchascontactlists,maychangefrequentlyandshouldbemaintainedseparatelyfromtheplanitself.
q Downloadable and Internet-access ACPs:ConsiderationshouldbegiventodistributionoftheACPinelectronicform,tousabilityonPDAsandPCs,andtoprovidingaccesstotheACPviainternet.
19
Section
5Essential Plan Elements
A. MapsMapsarecentraltoACPdevelopmentandutilization.Thevarietyofmappingformats,platformsandapplicationsisconstantlyincreasingandevolving.Mappingtoolsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofaccuracy,accessibility,usabilityforrespondersinthefieldandeaseofmaintenanceandupdating.AppendixDprovideslinkstomappingtoolsthathaveprovenusefulinACPdevelopment.
B. Contacts and notificationContactandnotificationlistsmustbemaintainedforavarietyofpurposes. These lists may include:
q ListsrelatingtotheACandtheACPitself,thefirstofwhichincludes individuals and entities engaged in ACP development and maintenance.OtherlistsmaycoverthosethatreceiveACPcopiesforinformationonly.
q Lists related to response operations should cover both immediate notificationswhenanincidentoccursandcontactsduringresponseoperationswhenassistanceisrequiredfromanentitylistedintheplanwithknowledge,authority,expertiseorresourcesrequiredbytheIncidentCommander(IC)/UnifiedCommand(UC).Ingeneral,theselistsshouldbemaintainedseparatelyfromtheplanitself,sincetheymaycontaininformationthatshouldnotbewidelydisseminated.Listsofthistypearenotintendedtosupplantexistingnotificationprotocols,butreinforceandsupplementthembyaddinginformationspecifictotheareacoveredbytheACP.Responseoperationslistsshouldinclude24/7contactinformationforallessentialresponseentities.
q Alllistsshouldincludemail,email,landline,andcellphonecontactinformation,aswellasbackupnumbersiftheprimarycontactisunavailableandgeneralagencyofficenumbers.
q List management should be through a central administrative support control point.
C. ResourcesTheresourcessectionoftheACPisperhapsthemostdifficulttodevelopandmanage.Thisisprimarilyduetothesheermagnitudeofdevelopinganinventoryofthepersonnel,equipmentandcapabilitiesofallresponse
20
entitiesinthedefinedarea,andtothedifficultyofkeepingtheinventorycurrent.Itis advisable that the AC initially limit its level ofcomprehensiveness,detailandfocusonthegeneralcapabilitiesoftheresponseentities and on those resources that are uniqueandmaybedifficulttoacquire.IftheIncidentCommander(IC)/UnifiedCommand(UC)requiresspecificinformationfromaresponseentity,contactpointscanbe provided to obtain the most current informationdirectlyfromtheprovider.
ResourceinformationisorganizedatthediscretionoftheAC.Theinformationmaybeorganizedbyresourcecategory,agency,typeofincidentorsomecombinationoftheseorothercategories.Regardlessoftheorganization,thereareminimumrequirementsthatshouldbeincorporatedintotheinventory.Afterdeterminingtheorganizationalconcept,theACshouldidentifytheinitialresourcerequirementsandestablishaspreadsheetformatforagenciestoentertheirresourceinformation.
q General capabilities:Eachentityidentifiedaspotentiallyhavingaresponseorresponsesupportroleshoulddescribeitsauthorities,areasofjurisdiction,areasofexpertise,typesofavailablepersonnelandequipmentandgeneralresponsecapabilities,includingaccesstofunds.
q Personnel:Theinventorymayincludenumbersofavailablepersonnel,field-deploymentqualifications(includingOSHAqualifications),IncidentCommandSystem(ICS)qualifications,areasoftechnicalandscientificexpertise,mobilizationresponsetimes,non-deployablesupportpersonnel,secondaryresources(availablethroughcontractsormutualaid/EmergencyManagementAssistanceCompact(EMAC)agreements),andanyothercriteriathattheACidentifiesasnecessary.
q Equipment:Subcategoriesmayincludeassessment,soil/water/airsampling,fieldcategorization,ambientmonitoring,aerialsurvey/remotesensing,transportation,fieldlogistics,transportation,heavyequipment,booms,pumps,skimmers,PPE,mobilecommandposts(MCPs),communications,datamanagement.
q Laboratories:Identificationofwhichentitieshaveaccesstoanalyticalcapability,generaldescriptionsofcapabilityandaccessproceduresandcontactpoints.
q Volunteer Resources:Managementofvolunteerresourcespresentsuniqueissuesregardingtraining,safety,liabilityandintegrationwiththeresponseorganization.TheACPshouldprovidelinkstopolicydocumentsrelatingtovolunteermanagementandtolocalorganizations with volunteer management expertise. The NRT has developed guidance to address these issues (See Appendix I).
21
InapplyingthisguidancetotheACP,theACshouldinsurethattheACPincludesaninventoryofpotentialvolunteerorganizations,withbriefdescriptionsoftheirinterests,capabilitiesandcontactinformation.Todevelopthislist,theACshouldtaskawork-grouptoconductoutreachtovolunteerorganizationstoinformthemofACPactivitiesandtheparametersforresponseparticipation,includingtraining,safetyandliabilitymanagementrequirementsandtoidentifypotentialobstaclestosuccessfulintegrationofvolunteersintotheresponseorganization.TheACshouldalsoconsidertheuniqueissuesinvolvingtheuseofvolunteersduringaresponse.SeeUseofVolunteers,NationalOilandHazardousSubstancesPollutionContingencyPlan(NCP),40CodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)§300.5,locatedinAppendixIofthisHandbook.
IftheACdeterminesthatvolunteermanagementmaybeasignificantfactorinresponses,thenadditionalactionsmaybeneeded,suchasinvitingvolunteerorganizationstoparticipateasmembersoftheAC,developingadvanceand/orjust-in-timetrainingprogramsinNIMS/ICS,safety(e.g.,HAZWOPER)andtechnicalresponsesubjects(e.g.,wildliferehabilitation)andinvitingvolunteers to participate in ACP-related exercises.
q Contact information:Contactsforeachtypeofresource,includinglevelofapprovalneededforcommitment.
Informationfromeachinquiryshouldbeenteredintoasearchabledatabasesothatpotentialresourcescanbeidentifiedquickly.
D. Sensitive areasTheACshouldestablishacommitteetoidentifyfeaturesandsub-areasthataresensitiveforenvironmental,culturaloreconomicreasons.ThiscommitteeshouldincludeentitieswithexpertiseintheapplicationofrequirementsestablishedbytheEndangeredSpeciesAct(ESA),theHistoricalPreservationActandotherstatutes,regulationsandagreementsconcerningsensitiveareas.Thecommonthemeforidentifyingasensitiveareaisthatithasattributesthatmust be considered by responders in developing response strategies and tactics. For each featureorareaidentified,theexactlocationorboundariesshouldbemappedwhenpossible,andabriefsummaryofconsiderationsshouldbedocumented.Forcertainsensitiveareas,suchasESAorarchaeologicalsites,exactlocationsmaynotbeidentified,butshouldbereferencedaspresent in the general area. This summary should include:
q Specificattributes(e.g.,drinkingwatersupplyintake,endangeredspecieshabitat)
q Recommendations on protective measures that may be employed
q Descriptionofanyproscribedtactics
q Contactinformationforoperators,trusteesandotherswithaninterestinthesensitivearea
q Otherinformationrelevanttothearea,suchasspecialaccessprotocols,hazardstoresponders or seasonal variations to be considered in developing response strategies and tactics
22
ThisinformationisorganizedatthediscretionoftheACandisdependentontheavailabledata.Considerationshouldbegiventoassigningprioritycategoriestosensitiveareas,basedontheirsignificance,ororganizingthembytype.AreaswithespeciallydifficultorcomplexissuesshouldbeconsideredfordevelopmentofspecificSub-areaPlansorGeographicResponsePlans.
TheACshouldconsiderwhethercertaintypesofinformationshouldpreliminarilybedesignatedforrestricteduseonly.EachACmustcommunicatewiththe“owner”oftheinformationanddetermineiftheirinformationfallsinthiscategoryandifso,howtheinformationwillbesafeguardedbutavailableduringanemergencyresponse.Allrecordsfeaturingsuchinformationmayultimatelybesubjecttopublicdisclosure,however,inresponsetoaFOIArequest.
TheACPshouldensurethattheappropriatestate,Federal,andtribaltrusteesfornaturalresourcesarepromptlynotifiedofdischargesandresponseactivitiesarecoordinatedwiththewiththeaffectednaturalresourcetrustees.Additionalinformationonnotificationandcoordination with natural resource trustees is available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/nrd/trustees.htm.
Toolsforidentifyingsensitiveareas:SeeAppendixD:Tools.
Methodsfororganizingsensitiveareadata:SeeAppendixD:Tools.
Methodsfordisplayandaccessingdata:SeeAppendixD:Tools.
E. Hazard analysisThe AC should establish a sub-committee toidentifypotentialsourcesofreleaseswithinthedefinedarea.Thesesourcesmayincludefixedfacilitiesortransportationrouteswithhighvolumesofoilorhazardousmaterials in transit. Consideration should also be given to potential sources outside thedefinedareaoftheACP,whichmayimpacttheareaintheeventofareleaseThefirsttaskofthecommitteeistodevelopworkingcriteriatoestablishacut-offpoint,below which potential sources will not be addressed by the ACP. These need not be rigid;forexample,ifpotentialsourcesAandBareotherwiseidentical,butAiswithinadefinedsensitivearea,theACPmayaddress A and leave B below the threshold.
ForeachpotentialsourceidentifiedtheACPshoulddocumentthefollowing:
q Source location (to be mapped)
23
q Operator,withcontactandaccessinformation
q Typesandquantitiesofmaterialsthatmaybereleased
q Specialconsiderationsforresponders,includinghazards
q Responsecapabilitiesoftheoperator
Toolsforidentifyingpotentialsources:
q FRPs: EPA FRP Coordinators list posted at http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857.
q Pipelines:TheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)PipelineandHazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration(PHMSA)website(http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/)includesarangeofpipelinesafetyresources,includinganationalpipelinemappingsystem.
q Railroads: The DOT Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) web site (http://www.fra.dot.gov/) includespassengerandfreightrailroadsafetyandenvironmentalinformation.TheFRA’sGISwebsiteprovidesaweb-basedmappingapplicationthatpermitsuserstomap,viewandzoomtoallrailgradecrossingsintheUnitedStates.Accidentinformationforeachgradecrossing is available.
q Highways:TheDOTFederalMotorCarrierSafetyAdministration(FMCSA)maintainsaHazardousMaterialsRoutingWebSitethatlistsdesignated,preferredandrestrictedroutes(http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety-security/hazmat/hm-theme.htm).
q Hazmat facilities: Facilities covered by EPCRA requirements must submit an Emergency andHazardousChemicalInventoryFormtotheLEPC,theStateEmergencyResponseCommission(SERC),andthelocalfiredepartmentannually.FacilitiesprovideeitheraTierIorTierIIform.MoststatesrequiretheTierIIform.SomestateshavespecificrequirementsinadditiontotheFederalTierIIrequirements.TheEPAwebsiteincludesalistoflinkstostateTier II reporting sites: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/epcra/tier2.htm. Tier II data formoststatesarealsomaintainedontheE-PlanEmergencyResponseInformationSystem:https://erplan.net/eplan/login.htm.
EPA’sToxicsReleaseInventory(TRI)isadatabasecontainingdataonreleasesofover600toxicchemicalsfromthousandsofU.S.facilitiesandinformationabouthowfacilitiesmanagethosechemicalsthroughrecycling,energyrecovery,andtreatment.OneofTRI’sprimarypurposesistoinformcommunitiesabouttoxicchemicalreleasestotheenvironment.TRIdata are available at http://www.epa.gov/tri/.
TheFacilityRegistrySystem(FRS)isacentrallymanageddatabasedevelopedbyEPA’sOfficeofEnvironmentalInformation(OEI)thatidentifiesfacilities,sitesorplacessubjecttoenvironmentalregulationsorofenvironmentalinterest.FRScreateshigh-quality,accurate,andauthoritativefacilityidentificationrecordsthroughrigorousverificationandmanagementproceduresthatincorporateinformationfromprogramnationalsystems,statemasterfacilityrecords,datacollectedfromEPA’sCentralDataExchangeregistrationsanddata
24
managementpersonnel.TheFRSprovidesInternetaccesstoasingleintegratedsourceofcomprehensive(air,water,andwaste)environmentalinformationaboutfacilities,sitesorplaces.FRSdataareavailableforqueryathttp://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/fii/index.html.
Hazardouswastegenerators,transporters,treaters,storersanddisposersofhazardouswastearerequiredtoprovideinformationontheiractivitiestostateenvironmentalagencies.TheseagenciesthenprovidetheinformationtoEPAofficesthroughtheResourceConservationandRecoveryActInformation(RCRAInfo)System(http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/rcrainfo/search.html).Informationoncleaningupafteraccidentsorotheractivitiesthatresultinareleaseofhazardousmaterialstothewater,airorlandmustalsobereportedthroughRCRAInfo.
SuperfundisaprogramadministeredbytheEPAtolocate,investigate,andcleanupuncontrolled hazardous waste sites throughout the U.S. CERCLIS Search is available to retrieveSuperfunddatafromtheComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityInformationSystem(CERCLIS)databaseinEnvirofacts (http://www.epa.gov/enviro/facts/cerclis/search.html).
q LEPC plans:InformationonLEPCscanbefoundat http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/epcra/epcra_plan.htm#LEPC.
q RMPs:TheRight-To-KnowNetworkmaintainsaRiskManagementPlan(RMP)Databaseon its web site (http://www.rtknet.org/db/rmp).RMPinformationmayalsobeaccessedatFederal Reading Rooms: http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/rmp/readingroom.htm.
NaturalDisaster-sensitiveareasandfacilities:TheACshouldalsoconsiderwhichsignificantfacilitiesmaybevulnerabletoimpactbynaturaldisasters,suchasfloodsorearthquakes.
Methodsoforganizingpotentialsourceinformation:SeeAppendixD:Tools
Methodsfordisplayingandaccessingdata:SeeAppendixD:Tools
F. Response strategies and worst-case dischargesAftertheAChasdevelopedtheinitialinventoryofsensitiveareasandpotentialsources,itcanbegin to consider the general response strategies with special consideration given to potential worst case discharges.
q Assessment strategies
TheACwillhavetoidentifymethodstoassesstheextentandimpactofareleaseandidentifythetoolsavailabletopredictthebehaviorofreleasedmaterial.Remotesensing,modelingandsampling strategies should be developed as needed.
q Protection strategies
TheACshoulddeterminethemosteffectivemethodsofpreventingimpactonsensitiveareas.
25
q Response strategies
TheACPshouldidentifythevariousresponsestrategiesthathaveproventobeeffectiveincontrollingandmitigatingtheimpactofarelease.Considerationshouldbegiventothemostlikelyreleasescenariosandtheworst-casedischarges.
q Oil-spill-specific strategies and plans (e.g., the NRT Subsea Dispersant Guidance) including counter-measures
Oil spill counter-measures include dispersants1,in-situburning(includingaccelerants),bio-remediation,surfacewashingagents,solidifiersandothermethodsforreducingtheimpactofoiltotheenvironment.WhilemanyofthecountermeasurestipulationsareincludedintheRCPs,theACPmustalsoconsidercounter-measureuseinthecontextofthedefinedACParea.Theseissues include:
l Areaswherespecificcounter-measuresmaybeproscribed
l Pre-approvalofspecificcounter-measuresincertainareas
l Protocolsformonitoringuseandeffectiveness
l Assessmentofpotentialimpactsfromcounter-measureuseinadjacentplanningareas(e.g.,CoastalZoneareas)
q Facility-specific strategies and plans
Facilitieswiththepotentialforlarge-scalereleases(suchaspipelinesandlargestorageandmanufacturingfacilitiesandrailroads)shouldbeconsideredforfocusedstrategydevelopment.IffacilitiesarecoveredbyFRPs,theplanswillprovideabasefortherespondingagenciestodevelopstrategiesformost-likelyandworst-casereleasesfromthesefacilities.
G. Response management: roles and responsibilitiesq NIMS compliance policy:TheACPshouldincludeabriefsectionthatcommitstheACto
NIMScomplianceandreferencestheIncidentManagementHandbooksandFieldOperatingGuides that are used by participating agencies.
q Unified Command:OneofthemostimportantfunctionsoftheACPistoaddresspotentialjurisdictionalconflictsandtoprovidesolutionstotheseinadvanceofaresponse.ThissectionshouldidentifytheagenciesthatmeetthecriteriaforparticipatinginaUC,includingappropriatejurisdictionalauthority,abilitytocommitresourcestotheresponse,andpersonnelthataretrainedandqualifiedtoserveasIncidentCommanders.ConsiderationshouldalsobegiventotheroleofresponsiblepartiesintheUC.Inareaswheretherearemultipleoverlappingjurisdictions,thistaskmayneedtobebrokendownintoscenario-basedorganizations.
1 Dispersants or other oil emulsifiers are not utilized in freshwater and other inland environments because of the limited dilution available in fresh waters, the use of freshwaters as a water supply, the limited toxicology information available for dispersants in fresh water, and the limited information available as to fresh water effectiveness of dispersants. As of 2012, there are no dispersants that are effective in freshwater environments (dispersants require salt as a catalyst).
26
q Response Organizations: This section should provide guidance on NIMS-compliant response organizations,identifyingthoseentitieswithexpertiserelevanttospecificpositionsandprovidingmodelsoforganizationalstructures.Theapproachtothisshouldbeinclusive,bydefiningappropriaterolesforeachACparticipant.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtotheplacementofresourcetrustees,technicalexpertsandothersthatmaybeoutsidethenormalresponse community.
q Personnel training and qualification requirements/recommendations: This section should addressrecommendedlevelsofNIMS-ICStrainingforresponders.
q Model Incident Action Plans:ItmaybeappropriatefortheACPtoincludeexampleIAPsforspecificscenarios(e.g.,worst-casedischarges).
q Mutual aid agreements:Theseexistatthefederal,stateandlocallevels.Federalagreements(e.g.,EPA-CoastGuard)andstateagreements(e.g.,EMAC)neednotbereplicatedintheACPunlesstherearearea-specificconsiderationswhichneedtobeexplained.Localagreements,particularlywhentheyinvolveentitiesoutsidetheboundsoftheACP,shouldbereferencedbriefly.
q Public Information/JIC: The ACP should provide guidance to participants on the coordination ofpublicmessagesduringaresponse,includingreinforcingtheroleoftheUC’sPIOanddefiningtherelationshipofthePIOtoindividualagencies’publicinformationoperations.
q Response to substantial threats to public health or welfare; spills of national significance and worst case discharges:Asdescribedin40CFR300.322through300.324,iftheinvestigation by the OSC shows that the discharge poses or may present substantial threat to publichealthorwelfareoftheUnitedStates,theOSCshalldirectallfederal,stateorprivateactionstoremovethedischargeortomitigateorpreventthethreatofsuchdischarge,asappropriate.
TheACP,whenusedinconjunctionwithotherprovisionsoftheNCP,shallbeadequatetoremove worst case discharges as described above.
27
Section
6Advanced Area PlanningA. NOAA Environmental Response Management Application
(ERMA)ERMA®isaweb-basedGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)tooldesigned to assist both emergency responders and environmental resource managers who deal with incidents that may adversely impact the environment. The application can assist in response planning and is accessibletoboththecommandpostandtoassetsinthefieldduringanactualresponseincident,suchasanoilspillorhurricane.Thedatawithin ERMA also assists in resource management decisions regarding hazardous waste site evaluations and restoration planning.
ERMAsupportsenvironmentalpreparedness,response,andrecoveryeffortsby:
q Providingintegratedandtimelyinformationtoimprovedecision-making.
q Integratingandsynthesizingvarioustypesofinformationonasinglemapinterface.
q Providingfastvisualizationofcurrentinformation.
q Improving communication and coordination among responders and stakeholders.
AccessinformationforERMAisavailableathttp://response.restoration.noaa.gov/erma and is also included in Appendix D.
B. Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO)
CAMEOisasystemofsoftwareapplicationsusedwidelytoplanforandrespondtochemicalemergencies.ItisoneofthetoolsdevelopedbyEPA’sOfficeofEmergencyManagement(OEM)andtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)OfficeofResponseandRestorationtoassistfront-linechemicalemergencyplannersandresponders.TheycanuseCAMEOtoaccess,store,andevaluateinformationcriticalfordevelopingemergencyplans.Inaddition,CAMEOsupports regulatory compliance by helping users meet the chemical inventoryreportingrequirementsoftheEmergencyPlanningandCommunityRight-to-KnowAct(EPCRA,alsoknownasSARATitleIII).CAMEOalsocanbeusedwithaseparatesoftwareapplicationcalledLandView to display EPA environmental data and demographic/economic informationtosupportanalysisofenvironmentaljusticeissues.
28
The CAMEO system integrates a chemical database and a method to manage the data,anairdispersionmodel,andamappingcapability.Allmodulesworkinteractively to share and display critical informationinatimelyfashion.TheCAMEOsystem is available in Macintosh and Windowsformats.
CAMEO was initially developed because NOAArecognizedtheneedtoassistfirstresponders with easily accessible and accurateresponseinformation.Since1988,EPAandNOAAhavecollaboratedtoaugment CAMEO to assist both emergency responders and planners. CAMEO has been enhanced to provide emergency planners withatooltoenterlocalinformationand develop incident scenarios to better prepareforchemicalemergencies.TheBureauofCensusandtheU.S.CoastGuardhaveworkedwithEPAandNOAAtocontinue to enhance the system.
ThesoftwareisavailablefordownloadfromEPA’sCAMEOwebsite: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/cameo/index.htm
C. LandView® 6TheLandViewdatabasesystemallowsuserstoretrievecensusdemographicandhousingdata,EPAEnvirofactsdataandU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)GeographicNamesInformationSystem(GNIS)information.TheGNIScontainsover1.2millionrecordswhichshowtheofficialfederallyrecognizedgeographicnamesforallknownplaces,features,andareasintheUnitedStatesthatareidentifiedbyapropername.
TheLandViewdatabasesoftware:
q UsesthePopulationEstimatorfunctiontocalculatecensusdemographicandhousingcharacteristicsforuserdefinedradii.
q Createssimplethematicmapsofcensusdata.
q Allowsuserstobrowseandquerythecensus,EPAorUSGSdatabasesandshowthequeryresults on the map.
q Provides the capability to locate a street address or intersection on a map based on TIGER/Line®roadfeaturesandaddressranges.
29
TheMARPLOTmappingsoftware:
q CreateslargescalemapsshowingCensuslegalandstatisticalentities,EPAEnvirofactssites,andUSGSGNISfeatures.(Alargescalemapshowsasmallareawithalargeamountofdetail.)
q Allows users to customize the maps by varying the scale and controlling which map layers are shown.
q Providesasearchcapabilityformapobjectsbasedonradiusormaplayer.
q Includestoolsthatallowuserstoaddinformationtothemaps.
q CanautomaticallyretrieveLandViewdatabaseinformationforuserselectedmapobjects.
Additionalinformationisavailableat:http://www.census.gov/geo/landview/
D. RMP*CompRMP*CompisafreeprogramthatcalculatesvulnerablezonedistancesbasedontheRiskManagementProgram(RMP)GuidanceforOffsiteConsequenceAnalysis(bothworstcasescenarios and alternative scenarios). The RMP*Comp program guides users through the process ofmakingananalysis.
ThesoftwareisavailablefordownloadfromEPA’sRMP*Compwebsite: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/rmp/rmp_comp.htm
30
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
31
CERCLA and EPCRAUnderCERCLA,EPAestablishedbothanemergency response program designed to stabilizeorcleanupreleasesofhazardoussubstances that pose a threat to human healthortheenvironment,andaremedialresponseprogramtotakeactionsconsistentwithapermanentremedy(insteadoforinadditiontoremovalactions)intheeventofareleaseorthreatenedreleaseofhazardoussubstances posing a threat to human health or the environment. CERCLA also enabled therevisionoftheNCP.TheNCPprovidesthe guidelines and procedures to respond toreleasesandthreatenedreleasesofhazardoussubstances,pollutants,orcontaminants. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) amendments to CERCLA included provisions to strengthen emergency response planning at the state and local levels by requiring local governments to prepare chemical emergency responseplans(40CFRPart355)andtomakeinformationmorereadilyavailabletothe public on hazardous chemicals that are storedatfacilitiesintheircommunities (40CFRPart370).
Clean Water ActUnder33U.S.C.1321(j)(4)oftheCWA,thePresident is authorized to establish Area Committeescomprisedofqualifiedpersonnelfromfederal,state,andlocalagencies.Thesecommittees are to prepare ACPs that detail methodsandproceduresforrespondingtoaworst-casedischarge,includingthedivisionof
Appendix A: Statutory and Regulatory Authorities
responsibilities among various authorities in a response. Each Area Committee is required tosubmitthisplantothePresidentforreviewand approval. The authorities assigned to the Presidentunder33U.S.C.1321(j)(4)fortheinland zone have been delegated by Executive Order12777totheEPAAdministrator,whohas in turn re-delegated these authorities to EPA Regional Administrators. Regional Administratorsmayfurtherre-delegatetheauthorities to the Division Director level.
EachAreaCommittee,underthedirectionoftheFederalOn-SceneCoordinator(FOSC)foritsarea,hasthefollowingresponsibilities:
q PrepareanACPforitsarea;
q Workwithstateandlocalofficialstoenhancethecontingencyplanningofthoseofficialsandtoassurepre-planningofjointresponseefforts,includingappropriateproceduresformechanicalrecovery,applicationofcountermeasures,shorelinecleanup,protectionofsensitiveenvironmentalareas,andprotection,rescue,andrehabilitationoffisheriesandwildlife;
q Workwithstateandlocalofficialstoexpeditedecisionsfortheuseofdispersants and other mitigating substancesanddevices;and
q Update the ACP periodically.
32
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90)OPA90establishesmechanismsforthefederalgovernmenttopreventandrespondtooilspills.OPA90extensivelyamendedtheCWAtoprovideenhancedcapabilitiesforoilspill response and natural resource damage assessment.
TitleIV,Section4202,NationalPlanningandResponseSystem,amendedsubsection311(j)oftheCWAwithrespecttotheNationalPlanningandResponseSystem.ItdefinesArea Committee and ACP requirements and deadlinesforagencies.PursuanttoOPA90section4202(b)(1)(A),thePresidentdesignatesareasforwhichACPsareestablished.Asstatedabove,thePresidentdelegatedtoEPAtheresponsibilityfordesignating the areas and appointing the committeesforthe“inlandzone”.UndertheCWA,ACPsaredevelopedbyAreaCommitteesunderthedirectionoftheFOSCfortheirarea.OPA90Section4202(b)(1)(A)alsorequiresthatindesignatingareas,thePresidentwillensurethatallnavigablewaters,adjoiningshorelines,andwatersoftheexclusiveeconomic zone are subject to an ACP.
Under the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan (NCP) response andplanningframework,theterritoryoftheUnited States is covered by thirteen Regional Response Teams (RRTs) and Regional ContingencyPlans(RCPs).ThezonesofthethirteenRRTsfollowthetenstandardfederalregions,exceptforthefollowingthreesubregional areas that have their own RRT: (1)PuertoRicoandtheU.S.VirginIslands;(2)Alaska;and(3)Hawaii,Guam,NorthernMarianaIslands,PacificIslandGovernments,andAmericanSamoa(SeeFigure1,nextpage).TheinlandareasofthethirteenRRTsserveasthedesignatedareasfortheinlandzone.TheUSCGdesignatesareasforthe
CoastalZone.Thesecoastalzoneareasarebasedonthe48USCGCaptainsofthePort(COTP) areas. The areas covered by COTPs are smaller than the RRT areas and include major river systems associated with the ports.
Unlessotherwisedesignated,theRRTsserveastheAreaCommitteesfortheInlandZone.RRTsarecomposedofrepresentativesfromfederal,state,andTribalgovernments.
SeealsotheApril24,1992Federal Register Notice(57FR15198):DesignationofAreasand Area Committees Under the Oil Pollution Actof1990(Documentpostedat http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP)The National Oil and Hazardous Substances PollutionContingencyPlan(NCP)providesforthe coordinated and integrated response by thefederalgovernment,aswellasstateandlocalgovernments,toprevent,minimize,ormitigateathreattopublichealthorwelfareposedbydischargesofoilandreleasesofhazardoussubstances,pollutants,andcontaminants. The NCP is authorized by CERCLAandtheCWAasamendedbyOPA90.
Section300.210oftheNCPprovidesforthreelevelsofcontingencyplansundertheNRS,including:TheNCP,RegionalContingencyPlans(RCPs),andACPs.TheseplansareavailableforinspectionatEPARegionalofficesorUSCGdistrictoffices.
UnderthedirectionofaFOSCandsubjecttoapprovalbytheleadagency,eachAreaCommittee,inconsultationwiththeappropriateRRTs,USCGDistrictResponse
33
Groups(DRGs),theUSCGNationalStrikeForceCoordinationCenter(NSFCC),ScientificSupportCoordinators(SSCs),LocalEmergencyPlanningCommittees(LEPCs),and State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs),willdevelopanACPforitsdesignatedarea.Thisplan,whenimplementedinconjunctionwithotherprovisionsoftheNCP,willbeadequatetoremoveaworst-casedischargeoftheNCP,andtomitigateorpreventasubstantialthreatofsuchadischarge,fromavessel,offshorefacility,oronshorefacilityoperatinginornearthearea.
IndevelopingtheACP,theFOSCwillcoordinatewithaffectedSERCsandLEPCs.TheACPwillprovideforawell-coordinated
responsethatisintegratedandcompatible,tothegreatestextentpossible,withallappropriateresponseplansofstate,local,andnon-federalentities,andespeciallywithTitle III local emergency response plans.
TheACPsarerequiredtoincludethefollowingelements:
q Adescriptionoftheareacoveredbytheplan,includingtheareasofspecialeconomic or environmental importance thatmightbedamagedbyadischarge;
q Adetaileddescriptionoftheresponsibilitiesofanowneroroperatorandoffederal,state,andlocalagenciesinremovingadischarge,andinmitigatingorpreventingasubstantialthreatofadischarge;
Figure 113 Regional Response Team Areas
34
q Alistofequipment(includingfirefightingequipment),dispersants,orothermitigatingsubstancesanddevices,and personnel available to an owner or operatorandfederal,state,andlocalagencies,toensureaneffectiveandimmediateremovalofadischarge,andtoensuremitigationorpreventionofasubstantialthreatofadischarge(thismay be provided in an appendix or by referencetootherrelevantemergencyplans(e.g.,stateorLEPCplans),whichmayincludesuchequipmentlists);
q Adescriptionofprocedurestobefollowedforobtaininganexpediteddecisionregardingtheuseofdispersants;and
q AdetaileddescriptionofhowtheplanisintegratedintootherACPsandtankvessel,offshorefacility,andonshorefacilityresponseplansapprovedbythePresident,andintooperatingproceduresoftheNSFCC.
Area Committees are required to incorporate into each ACP a detailed annex containing a FishandWildlifeandSensitiveEnvironmentsPlan that is consistent with the RCP and NCP. The annex will be prepared in consultation with theU.S.FishandWildlifeService,theNationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),andotherinterestednaturalresourcemanagement agencies and parties. The annex willprovidethenecessaryinformationandprocedurestoimmediatelyandeffectivelyrespond to discharges that may adversely affectfishandwildlifeandtheirhabitatandsensitiveenvironments,includingprovisionsforaresponsetoaworst-casedischarge.
The Stafford ActTheRobertT.StaffordDisasterReliefandEmergencyAssistanceAct(StaffordAct)describes the programs and processes by whichthefederalgovernmentprovidesdisasterand emergency assistance to state and local governments,tribalnations,eligibleprivatenonprofitorganizations,andindividualsaffectedbyadeclaredmajordisasteroremergency.Thelawestablishestheprocessforrequesting and obtaining a Presidential disaster declaration,definesthetypeandscopeofassistanceavailableundertheStaffordAct,andsetstheconditionsforobtainingassistance.TheStaffordActcoversallhazards,includingnatural disasters and terrorist events.
The NCP is an operational supplement to theNationalResponseFramework(NRF).The NRF was issued by the Department ofHomelandSecurity(DHS)andisanoverarching guide that describes how the nationrespondstoalltypesofdomesticemergencies,includingnaturaldisastersandterroristincidents.Itdescribestherolesoffederal,state,local,andtribalgovernments,as well as non-governmental organizations andtheprivatesector.UndertheNRF,DHScoordinatesthefederalresponsetoincidentsrequiringsignificantFederalcoordination,whichincludesincidentsforwhichthePresident issues a disaster declaration under theStaffordAct.FEMAmayutilizeStaffordActfundstoreimburseEPAforspecificemergencyresponse activities related to actual or potential hazardous materials (hazardous substances,pollutants,contaminants,andoil)incidents through the NRF under Emergency SupportFunction(ESF#10)–OilandHazardousMaterialsResponse,whenthereisan Emergency or Major Disaster Declaration.
35
Response to oil and hazardous materials incidents is generally carried out in accordance with the NCP. NCP structures and response mechanisms remain in place whenESF#10isactivated,butcoordinatewithNRFmechanisms.DuringStaffordActresponses,someproceduresintheNCPmaybe streamlined or may not apply.
ESF#10maybeactivatedbyDHSforincidents requiring a more robust coordinated Federalresponse,suchas:
q A major disaster or emergency under the StaffordAct;
q Afederal-to-federalsupportrequest(e.g.,afederalagency,suchastheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS)orU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA),requestssupportfromESF#10andprovidesfundingfortheresponsethrough the mechanisms described in the FinancialManagementSupportAnnex);or
q An actual or potential oil discharge or hazardous materials release to which EPA and/or USCG respond under CERCLA and/orCWAauthoritiesandfunding,forwhich DHS determines it should lead the federalresponse.
AsdescribedintheNRFcoredocument,somefederalresponsesdonotrequirecoordinationbyDHSandareundertakenbyotherfederaldepartments and agencies consistent with their authorities. Federal responses to oil and hazardous materials incidents under the authoritiesofCERCLAandtheCWAthatdonot warrant DHS coordination are conducted under the NCP. EPA or USCG may also request DHStoactivateotherNRFelementsforsuchincidents,ifneeded,whilestillretainingoverallleadershipforthefederalresponse.
Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD)/Presidential Policy Directives (PPD)The Presidential Policy Directive on National PreparednessiseffectiveasofMarch30,2011,andreplacesHomelandSecurityDirective (HSPD) 8 (National Preparedness) and HSPD-8 Annex I (National Planning). Plans developed under HSPD-8 and Annex I remainineffectuntilrescindedorotherwisereplaced.
EPA has also been directed to operate under thefollowingExecutiveBranchdirectives:
ManagementofDomesticIncidents–HSPD-5
HSPD-5 was issued to improve management ofdomesticincidentsbyestablishingasingle,comprehensivenationalincidentmanagement system. The Homeland Security Actof2002createdtheDepartmentofHomeland Security (DHS) and assigned the SecretaryofHomelandSecurityresponsibilityforcoordinatingfederalemergencyoperationswithin the United States. Federal emergency operationsincludepreparingfor,respondingto,andrecoveringfromterroristattacks,majordisasters,andotheremergencies.DHShastheauthoritytocoordinatefederalresourceswhenanyoneofseveralconditionsoccurs:1.afederaldepartmentoragencyrequeststheirassistance,2.theresourcesofstateandlocalauthorities are overwhelmed and they request federalassistance,3.morethanonefederaldepartment or agency is substantially involved inrespondingtoanincident,4.thePresidentdirects the Secretary to assume responsibility formanagingthedomesticincident.
HSPD-5 also recognizes the role that state,tribal,andlocalgovernments;nongovernmentalorganizations;andtheprivate sector play in managing incidents.
36
Initialresponsibilityformanagingdomesticincidentsgenerallyfallsonstateandlocalauthorities. When their resources are overwhelmed,orwhenfederalpropertyisinvolved,thefederalgovernmentprovidesassistance.
Inordertoprovideaconsistent,coordinated,nation-wideapproachforemergencyoperationsacrossalllevelsofgovernment,HSPD-5 directed DHS to develop and administer a National Incident Management System (NIMS) and a National Response Framework.Together,NIMSandtheNRFprovideanapproachforfederal,state,andlocalgovernmentstoeffectivelypreparefor,respondto,andrecoverfromdomesticincidents,regardlessofcause,size,orcomplexity.
CriticalInfrastructureIdentification,Prioritization,andProtection-HSPD-7
HSPD-7establishesanationalpolicyforfederaldepartmentsandagenciestoidentifyandprioritizecriticalU.S.infrastructureandkeyresourcesandtoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.Federaldepartmentsandagencieswillworkwithstateandlocal governments and the private sector to accomplish this objective. HSPD-7 also identifiesSector-SpecificAgencieswhich,underDHS’overallcoordination,leadeffortstoprotectspecificcriticalsectorsandkeyresources.
Inaddition,HSPD-7requiresDHStodevelopacomprehensive,integratedNationalPlanforCriticalInfrastructureandKeyResourcesProtection.
Sector-Specific Agencies
Sector-SpecificAgenciesareagenciesresponsibleforensuringtheprotectionofa
particularresourceorpartofthenationalinfrastructure.EPAisdesignatedastheSector-SpecificAgencyfordrinkingwaterandwater treatment systems. In addition to being responsibleforcollaboratingacrossalllevelsofgovernment,assessingvulnerabilities,andpromotingtheuseofrisk-managementstrategies,EPAmust:1.workwiththewatersectortoreducetheconsequencesofcatastrophicfailuresnotcausedbyterrorism,2. collaborate with the private sector to continuethedevelopmentofinformationsharingandanalysismechanisms,3.reporttoDHSontheAgency’seffortstoidentify,prioritize,andcoordinatetheprotectionofcriticalinfrastructureandkeyresources.
National Preparedness - PPD-8
National Preparedness Goal
PPD-8callsfordevelopmentandmaintenanceofaNationalPreparednessGoaldefiningthecorecapabilitiesnecessarytoprepareforthespecifictypesofincidentsposingthegreatestrisktothesecurityoftheUnitedStates.TheGoalwillestablishconcrete,measurable,prioritizedobjectivestomitigatespecificthreatsandvulnerabilities–includingregionalvariationsofrisk–andemphasizeactionsintendedtoachieveanintegrated,layered,accessibleandall-of-Nation/wholecommunitypreparedness approach while optimizing the useofavailableresources.
DHS,incoordinationwithotherexecutivedepartmentsandagencies,andinconsultationwithstate,local,tribalandterritorialgovernments,theprivateandnon-profitsectorsandthegeneralpublic,submittedthefirsteditionoftheNationalPreparednessGoalinSeptember2011.TheGoalsdefinessuccessas:
37
A secure and resilient Nation with the capabilities required across the whole communitytoprevent,protectagainst,mitigate,respondto,andrecoverfromthethreats and hazards that pose the greatest risk.
The core capabilities contained in the goal areessentialfortheexecutionofeachofthefivemissionareas:Prevention,Protection,Mitigation,Response,andRecovery.Toassess both preparedness capacity and gaps,eachcorecapabilityincludescapabilitytargetsforwhichmeasureswillbedeveloped.The Goal will be reviewed regularly to evaluateconsistencywithapplicablepolicies,evolving conditions and the National Incident Management System.
National Preparedness System
TheDirectiverequiresadescriptionoftheNationalPreparednessSystem–anintegratedsetofguidance,programsandprocesses,enablingtheNationtomeetthe National Preparedness Goal. Designed toguidedomesticeffortsofalllevelsofgovernment,theprivateandnonprofitsectorsandthepublic,theNationalPreparednessSystemincludesguidanceforplanning,organization,equipment,trainingandexercises needed to build and maintain domesticcapabilitiesinsupportoftheNational Preparedness Goal.
TheSystemdescriptionidentifiessix components to improve national preparednessforawiderangeofthreatsandhazards,suchasactsofterrorism,cyberattacks,pandemicsandcatastrophicnaturaldisasters. The system description explains howthenationwillbuildoncurrentefforts,manyofwhicharealreadyestablishedinthelawandhavebeeninuseformanyyears.These six components include:
q Identifyingandassessingrisks;
q Estimatingcapabilityrequirements;
q Buildingorsustainingcapabilities;
q Developing and implementing plans to deliverthosecapabilities;
q Validating and monitoring progress made towards achieving the National PreparednessGoal;and
q Reviewingandupdatingeffortstopromote continuous improvement.
TheSystemwillincludeaseriesofintegratednationalplanningframeworkscoveringprevention,protection,mitigation,response and recovery and be built upon scalable,flexibleandadaptablecoordinatingstructures.Theseframeworksareintendedtoalignkeyrolesandresponsibilitiestodelivercapabilitiesandprovideaunified,integrated,accessible system with common terminology. The National Preparedness System includes interagency and departmental operational plans that support each national planning frameworkwithcorrespondingplanningguidanceforstate,local,tribalandterritorialgovernments.
OtherkeyaspectsoftheNationalPreparedness System described in PPD-8 include:
q Resourceguidance,includingarrangements enabling the ability to sharepersonnel;
q Equipmentguidance,aimedatnationwideinteroperability;
q National training and exercise program guidance;and
q Recommendationsandguidanceforbusinesses,communities,familiesandindividuals.
38
PPD-8alsocallsforacomprehensiveapproach to assess national preparedness. The approach involves measuring operational readiness against target capability levels identifiedintheGoal.
Campaign to Build and Sustain Preparedness
DHSistaskedwithcoordinatingacomprehensive campaign to build and sustain preparedness nationwide. The campaign will enhancenationalresilience,federalfinancialassistance,federalpreparednessefforts,and national research and development through proactive public outreach and community-based and private sector programs. The campaign will also tap into existingpreparednesseffortsacrossalllevelsofgovernmentandtheprivateandnon-profitsectorsforaunifiedapproach.
National Preparedness Report
ThefirstannualNationalPreparednessReport was delivered to the President in early 2012.Thereportwillbebasedonprogresstowards achieving the National Preparedness GoalandwillserveasatooltoinformthePresident’sbudgetannually.
PreparedanddeliveredbyDHS,thereportrequires close coordination with all executive departments and agencies having a role in nationalpreparednesseffortsandsubstantialinputfromstate,local,tribalandterritorialgovernments as well as the private and non-profitsectorsandthegeneralpublic.
EPA’s Role Under PPD-8
EPA will participate in the development andexecutionoftheInteragencyPlanningFrameworks,responseactivities,trainingand exercises and contribute to the National Preparedness Report annually.
Clean Water Act and NCP Area Plan Requirements
Requirement CWA NCP
WhenimplementedinconjunctionwiththeNCP,beadequatetoremoveaworst-casedischarge,andtomitigateorpreventasubstantialthreatofsuchadischarge,fromavessel,offshorefacility,oronshorefacilityoperatinginornear the area.
3 3
Adescriptionoftheareacoveredbytheplan,includingtheareasofspecialeconomic or environmental importance that might be damaged by a discharge.
3 3
Adetaileddescriptionoftheresponsibilitiesofanowneroroperatorandoffederal,state,andlocalagenciesinremovingadischarge,andinmitigatingorpreventingasubstantialthreatofadischarge.
3 3
39
Requirement CWA NCP
Alistofequipment(includingfirefightingequipment),dispersants,orothermitigatingsubstancesanddevices,andpersonnelavailabletoanowneroroperatorandfederal,state,andlocalagencies,toensureaneffectiveandimmediateremovalofadischarge,andtoensuremitigationorpreventionofasubstantialthreatofadischarge(thismaybeprovidedinanappendixorbyreferencetootherrelevantemergencyplans(e.g.,stateorLEPCplans),which may include such equipment lists).
3 3
Adescriptionofprocedurestobefollowedforobtaininganexpediteddecisionregardingtheuseofdispersants. 3 3
AdetaileddescriptionofhowtheplanisintegratedintootherACPsandtankvessel,offshorefacility,andonshorefacilityresponseplansapprovedbythePresident,andintooperatingproceduresoftheNSFCC.
3 3
Compilealistoflocalscientists,bothinsideandoutsidethefederalgovernment,withexpertiseintheenvironmentaleffectsofspillsofthetypesofoiltypicallytransportedinthearea,whomaybecontactedtoprovideinformationor,whereappropriate,participateinmeetingsofthescientificsupportteamconvenedinresponsetoaspill,anddescribetheprocedurestobefollowedforobtaininganexpediteddecisionregardingtheuseofdispersants.
3
AdetailedannexcontainingaFishandWildlifeandSensitiveEnvironmentsPlan that is consistent with the RCP and NCP. The annex will be prepared in consultationwiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),andotherinterestednaturalresourcemanagementagencies.Theannexwillprovidethenecessaryinformationandprocedurestoimmediatelyandeffectivelyrespondtodischargesthatmayadverselyaffectfishandwildlifeandtheirhabitatandsensitiveenvironments,includingprovisionsforaresponsetoaworst-casedischarge.
3
40
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
41
1. Example AC membership list
a. http://www.pwcgov.org/government/dept/FR/Pages/Local-Emergency-Planning-Committee-(LEPC).aspx
2. Example AC documents
a. U.S. EPA National Inland Area ContingencyPlanningWorkgroupCharter(January2010)outlinesthevision,mission,objectives,goals,organization,andfunctionofEPA’sInland Area Contingency Planning Workgroup.(Documentpostedathttp://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
b. U.S. EPA Inland Area Contingency Planning Brochure (document posted at http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
3. Example AC web sites
a. These Regional Response Team (RRT) web sites include Regional and Area ContingencyPlansandotherusefulplanninginformation:
- RRT-1(Maine,Vermont,NewHampshire,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland and Connecticut): http://www.rrt1.nrt.org/production/NRT/RRT1.nsf/AllPages/rrt1Plans.html
Appendix B: Area Committees
- RRT-4(Alabama,Georgia,Florida,Kentucky,Mississippi,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Tennessee): http://www.nrt.org/production/NRT/RRTHome.nsf/Allpages/newrrt_iv-opsmanual.htm
- RRT-5(Illinois,Indiana,Michigan,Minnesota,Ohio,Wisconsin): http://www.rrt5.org/SubAreas.aspx
- RRT-9(Arizona,California,Nevada):http://www.rrt9.org/go/site/2763/
- RRT-10(Idaho,Oregon,Washington):http://www.rrt10nwac.com/NWACP/Default.aspx
b.EPARegion8(Colorado,Montana,NorthDakota,SouthDakota,Utah,Wyoming) ACP: http://www2.epa.gov/region8/area-contingency-plan-acp
42
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
43
1. EPA ACP Model
a.ModelAreaContingencyPlan,VolumesI & II (March 1993): Document posted to http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857
2. EPA-only ACPs
a. EPARegion1(Connecticut,Maine,Massachusetts,NewHampshire,RhodeIsland,Vermont)ACP: http://www.epa.gov/region1/er/iacp/index.html
b.EPARegion3(Delaware,DistrictofColumbia,Maryland,Pennsylvania,WestVirginia,Virginia): Draftdocumentpostedtohttp://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857
c. EPARegion6(Arkansas,Louisiana,NewMexico,Oklahoma,Texas)ACP:http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=500012JS.txt
d.EPARegion7(Iowa,Kansas,Missouri,Nebraska):ACP: http://www.epa.gov/region7/cleanup/superfund/integrated_plan.htm
3. EPA-USCG joint ACP-related
a. Region 5: http://www.rrt5.org/RCPACPMain.aspx
b. Region 9: http://www.rrt9.org/external/content/document/2763/495643/1/RRT-IX%20Regional%20Contingency%20Plan.pdf
Appendix C: ACP Formats, Scope and Organization
c. Region10ACP: http://www.rrt10nwac.com/NWACP/Default.aspx
4. Sub-area plans
a. EPA Region 5 sub-area plans:
- Minneapolis-St. Paul: http://www.umrba.org/hazspills/twincitiesplan.pdf
- Northern Michigan: http://www.great-lakes.net/partners/epa/northmi/
- Quad Cities: http://www.umrba.org/hazspills/quadcitiesplan.pdf
- Upper Mississippi: http://www.umrba.org/hazspills/umrplan.pdf
- Peoria,Illinois: http://www.umrba.org/hazspills/peoriaplan.pdf
b. AlaskaSub-areaplans: http://www.akrrt.org/plans.shtml
c. Open and Restricted sub-area plan example(Omaha-CouncilBluffs)
(Documents posted at http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
5. Geographic response plans
a. Lower and Middle Columbia River: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/spills/preparedness/GRP/ColumbiaRiver/ColumbiaRiver.htm
44
b.RecommendationsforGeographicResponse Plan (GRP) Approaches (Document posted at http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
6. International contingency plan
a. Mexico-United States Joint Contingency Plan: http://www.epa.gov/oem/docs/chem/ipmjcp-e.pdf
b. Canada-United States Joint Inland Pollution Contingency Plan: http://www.epa.gov/oem/docs/er/us_can_jcp_eng.pdf
Canada-U.S. Joint Inland Pollution Contingency Plan Regional Annexes and the geographic areas they cover are listed below:
- Annex I - CANUSWEST (1998) -- includesthecombinedborderoftheYukonTerritoryandBritishColumbiawithU.S.EPARegions8and10(Washington,Idaho,Montana,andAlaska): http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/canada_border.html
- AnnexII-CANUSPLAIN(2001)-- includes the combined border ofAlberta,Saskatchewan,andManitoba with U.S. EPA Regions 5 and8(Minnesota,Montana,andNorthDakota): http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/canada_border.html
- AnnexIII-CANUSCENT(2001)--includestheborderofOntariowithU.S.EPARegions2and5(NewYorkand Minnesota): http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/canada_border.html
- Annex IV - CANUSQUE -- includes theinlandboundaryofQuebecwithU.S. EPA Regions 1 and 2 (New Hampshire,Vermont,Maine,andNewYork): http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/canada_border.html
- AnnexV-CANUSEAST(2005)--includestheinlandboundaryofNewBrunswickwithU.S.EPARegion1(Maine): http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/canada_border.html
7. USCGACPreferences
a. Commandant Instruction 16471.3: AreaContingencyPlanOrganization,Content,RevisionCycle,andDistribution(August2000): http://www.uscg.mil/directives/ci/16000-16999/CI_16471_3.pdf
b. ACP Development Memo (February 2005)(Documentpostedathttp://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
45
1. Mapping tools
a.MinimumEssentialElementsforGIS:Document posted to http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857
b.Examplemapformats
- EPA Region 1: http://www.epa.gov/region1/er/iacp/maps.html
- EPARegion10jurisdictionalboundary tool: http://gis1.ene.com/epar10/
c. Software:
- LandView® 6: http://www.census.gov/geo/landview/
d. Web resources
- EPA OSC support site: http://www.epaosc.org/main/maps.aspx
- Compendiumofe-mappingapplications: http://www.ehssoftserve.com/geo_mapsinfo.htm (registration required)
- NOAAERMAfactsheet: http://archive.orr.noaa.gov/book_shelf/1869_ORR-ERMA-07-11.pdf
- NOAA ERMA: http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/erma
Appendix D: Tools
2. Example Sensitive Area inventories
a. EPARegion5FishandWildlifeannex: http://www.rrt5.org/RCPACPReferences/FishWildlifeAnnex.aspx
3. Hazard assessment examples
a. Natural disaster-related hazards
- Region 6 Natural Disaster Workgroup:http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=4907
4. Historical preservation resources
a.NationalParkServicelistofhistoricpreservationofficers: http://www.nps.gov/nr/shpolist.htm
5. Riverine spill modeling
a. Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO)modeling tool: http://www.orsanco.org/emergency-response-program
46
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
47
1. Example ACP contact list (Document posted to: http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
2. ExampleIncidentNotificationlists
a.Omaha-CouncilBluffsnotificationlist(Document posted to: http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
b. TruckeeRiverincidentnotificationlist(Document posted to: http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
Appendix E: Contact/Notification Lists
48
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
49
1. Example response resource inventories
a. EPARegion10equipmentinventory:http://www.rrt10nwac.com/Equipment.aspx
b. EPA Environmental Response Team equipmentinventoryinformation:
- TwoTurnerC7Fluorometers,includingone50MeterCable: Containsmultisensorarray,butprimarilyusedforin-waterdetectionofcrudeorrefinedoil,couldbeintegrated into existing vessel CTD platform. http://www.turnerdesigns.com/products/submersible-fluorometer/cyclops-7-submersible-fluorescence-and-turbidity-sensors
- Turner10AUFlowThruFluorometer: “OldReliable”Model,hasapumpandinternallamp,benchtopapplication,canrunindividualsamplesorpump/flowthrucontinuoussampling,canusefordyetracerstudiesalso,couldusetomonitorDWintakesorotherwaterintakesforoilcontamination. http://www.turnerdesigns.com/t2/doc/manuals/10au_manual.pdf
Appendix F: Resource Inventory Development
- SiteLabUV3100fromCyberSense:Recentlyacquired,forsoilandwatersamples,simpleextractionrequired,benchtopportableapplication,appliesUVfluorescencetoextractyieldingnumericconcentration,cananalyzeoilfractionsforTPH,GRO,DRO,andPCBs,purchasestandardsforcalibration.http://www.cysense.com/images/upload/docum/CTPN200518_UVF3100_PAH%20TPH%20and%20PCB.pdf
- PhotoVac Voyager Portable GC: AnalysisforVOCs,Chlorinatedsolvents,benchtopandpotentiallyusedovertheshoulderforcompoundsinair,canuseheatingelement to purge volatiles in water andanalyzeheadspace,goodsensitivity,mostlyspillsorsitecharacterizationapplications,alsosoil gas. http://www.equipcoservices.com/pdf/manuals/photovac_voyager.pdf
50
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
51
1. Oil spill counter-measure examples
a. Dispersant authorization
SubpartJoftheNationalOilandHazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) directs EPA toprepareascheduleofdispersants,otherchemicals,andoilspillmitigatingdevices and substances that may be used to remove or control oil discharges.
- NCPSubpartJ:UseofDispersantsandOtherChemicals-40CFR300.900-300.920(currentrule): http://www.epa.gov/emergencies/docs/oil/cfr/900_920.pdf
- September15,1994,NationalOiland Hazardous Substances Pollution ContingencyPlan;FinalRule.59FR47384 (current regulations): http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1994-09-15/html/94-22347.htm
b. Dispersant pre-approval examples
- RRT-6 FOSC Dispersant Pre-approval GuidelinesandChecklist: http://www.losco.state.la.us/pdf_docs/RRT6_Dispersant_Preapproval_2001.pdf
- UseofDispersantsinRegionIV:http://www.nrt.org/production/NRT/RRTHome.nsf/Resources/DUP/$file/1-RRT4DISP.PDF
c. Cleaning agents
- http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=30002UZK.txt
Appendix G: Response Strategy Development
d. Bioremediation
- epaosc.net: http://www.epaosc.org/site/doc_list.aspx?site_id=ERTREAC016
- LiteratureReviewontheUseofCommercial Bioremediation Agents forCleanupofOil-ContaminatedEstuarine Environments: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/docs/oil/edu/litreviewbiormd.pdf
- GuidelinesfortheBioremediationofOil-Contaminated Salt Marshes: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/docs/oil/edu/saltmarshbiormd.pdf
- GuidelinesfortheBioremediationofMarine Shorelines and Freshwater Wetlands: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/docs/oil/edu/bioremed.pdf
- National Response Team Fact Sheet on Bioremediation Technologies: http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/docs/oil/edu/biofact.pdf
e. In-Situ Burning
- InlandIn-SituBurningofOilSpills:Regulations and Authorizations: http://www.epa.gov/oem/docs/oil/fss/fss09/dehaven.pdf
- NOAAguidanceformonitoringin-situburning operations: http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/ISB
52
f. DispersantMonitoringSystem
- NOAASpecialMonitoringofAppliedResponse Technologies (SMART): http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/smart
2. FRP-related response strategies
a. Example oil spill tactical response plan: (Document posted at: http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857)
3. Sensitive resource-related response strategies
a. Examplescanbefoundat:
- http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/fss/00table.htm
- http://www.epa.gov/swercepp/web/content/fss/09table.htm
4. National Response Team Subsea and SurfaceDispersantGuidance
a. The guidance is currently under development/review.
5. MemofromMathyStanislaus,OSWERAssistantAdministrator,datedNov.2,2010,totheRegionsrequestingupdatesto the ACPs.
a. Linktothememocanbefoundat: http://www.epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=3857
6. Mechanical cleanup technologies
a. Examplescanbefoundat:
- http://www.epa.gov/oem/docs/oil/edu/oilspill_book/chap2.pdf
- http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/learning/oiltech.htm
53
1. EPARegionalandHeadquartersofficescontactinformation(contactsforACPmatters): http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/regional.htm
Appendix H: Resources for Assistance in ACP Development
54
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
55
TheNationalResponseTeam(NRT)hasreleasedtheNRTUseofVolunteersGuidelinesforOilSpills.TheGuidelinescanbefoundontheNRTWebsite(www.nrt.org;Guidance,TechnicalAssistance&Planning;UseofVolunteersGuidelinesforOilSpills)orbyclickingthislink: http://www.nrt.org/production/NRT/NRTWeb.nsf/AllAttachmentsByTitle/SA-1080NRT_Use_of_Volunteers_Guidelines_for_Oil_Spills_FINAL_signatures_inserted_Version_28-Sept-2012.pdf/$File/NRT_Use_of_Volunteers_Guidelines_for_Oil_Spills_FINAL_signatures_inserted_Version_28-Sept-2012.pdf?OpenElement
Appendix I: Volunteers
56
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
57
Appendix J: Acronyms
ACP Area Contingency Plan
CAMEO Computer-AidedManagementofEmergencyOperations
CERCLA ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityAct
CERCLIS ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityInformationSystem
COTP CaptainsofthePort
CWA Clean Water Act
DHS DepartmentofHomelandSecurity
DoD DepartmentofDefense
DOT DepartmentofTransportation
DRG District Response Group (USCG)
EMAC Emergency Management Assistance Compact
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
ERMA Environmental Response Management Application (NOAA)
ESA Endangered Species Act
ESF Emergency Support Function
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FHWA Federal Highway Administration (DOT)
FMCSA FederalMotorCarrierSafetyAdministration(DOT)
58
FOSC Federal On-Scene Coordinator
FRA Federal Railroad Administration (DOT)
FRP Facility Response Plan
FRS Facility Registry System
GIS GeographicInformationSystem
HHS DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices
HSPD Homeland Security Presidential Directive
IC Incident Commander
ICS Incident Command System
JIC JointInformationCenter
LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee
MCP Mobile Command Post
NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan
NEBA NetEnvironmentalBenefitsAnalysis
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NIMS National Incident Management System
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRF NationalResponseFramework
NRS National Response System
NSFCC NationalStrikeForceCoordinationCenter(USCG)
OEI OfficeofEnvironmentalInformation(OEI)
OEM OfficeofEmergencyManagement(EPA)
59
OPA90 OilPollutionActof1990
OSC On-Scene Coordinator
PHMSA PipelineandHazardousMaterialsSafetyAdministration(DOT)
PPD Presidential Policy Directive
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
RCP Regional Contingency Plan
RMP RiskManagementPlan
RRT Regional Response Team
SERC State Emergency Response Commission
SSC ScientificSupportCoordinator
TRI Toxics Release Inventory
UC UnifiedCommand
USCG United States Coast Guard
USDA UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
VRP Vessel Response Plan
61