HISTORY OF EAST ASIA

Table of Contents

I. Colonization

II. Nationalism and Independence

III. War/Peace and Results

IV. Other Major Events

I. Colonization of East Asia

Vocabulary Imperialism- an attempt to

dominate a country’s government, trade, and culture.

Indirect Rule- appointing locals to run the government and culture the way the colonizers saw fit.

Assimilation- policy forcing native cultures to adopt the culture of their colonizers.

Nationalism- pride in one’s nation

I. Colonization of East Asia

Colonization of East Asia began in the early 1500s and lasted until the mid 1900s.

Colonizers included Great Britain- India, Malaysia

and Parts of China France- Vietnam and

Cambodia United States- Philippines Japan- Koreas, Parts of SE

Asia and China during WWII, Netherlands- Indonesia

I. Colonization of East Asia Reasons for Colonization: Political

Nationalism Rivalry World Status Expansion

Economic Trade (Monopoly) Resources Labor (Cheap)

Culture Spread of Christianity “Civilizing the World”

I. Colonization of East Asia

Impact Positive:

Technology Health Care Centralized Government Defined Boundaries Political Stability

Negative: Disease Ethnic Tension Monopoly- forced to buy from

Europeans. Loss of Culture Political Tension

I. Colonization of East Asia

USA’s Colony The US won the

colony of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War on December 10, 1898.

Philippine independence came in 1946 due to delays of WWII and Japanese occupation.

II. Nationalism and Independence Nationalism- pride in

or loyalty to one’s country or ethnicity.

Feelings of nationalism within the colonized the countries and the organized response against colonization help lead to the end of the “Age of Imperialism”.

II. Nationalism and Independence

Reasons for Nationalism:Desire for self

government.Trade MonopoliesSecond Class CitizenshipBest Jobs and Education

went to Europeans and supporters.

II. Nationalism and Independence India Leader of the independence

movement in India was Mohandas Gandhi.

He used non violence and civil disobedience to fight the British rule.

Civil Disobedience- the refusal to obey unfair laws even though it might result in punishment.

Major Events- Walk to the Sea to make salt as a way to rebel against the salt tax and the British monopoly.

Gandhi did not want his country broken into Hindu and Muslim regions.

II. Nationalism and Independence India Indian National

Congress- group of Indians (Hindus) that fought for independence and to protect Indian rights.

Muslim League- group of Muslims that fought for independence and to protect Muslim rights.

Neither group wanted to be governed by the other.

II. Nationalism and Independence India gained

independence in August 14th and 15th, 1947.

India broke into three separate countries with the Hindus receiving modern day India and the Muslims receiving Pakistan and East Pakistan (eventually becoming Bangladesh).

II. Nationalism and Independence China China’s nationalist movement

takes it from a monarchy to a democracy to communism.

China becomes a democracy in 1912 and is led by Sun Yat Sun and a promise to end foreign control under the Nationalism Party.

Democracy under Sun Yixian and later Chang Kai Shek does not work in China because of the many problems China faced like famine and civil order.

II. Nationalism and Independence

China Many young Chinese were unhappy

about the failed democratic government. They looked to Russian and their communist party as an alternative.

Mao Zedong founded and became the leader of the Communist Party in 1921.

The Communist Party and the Nationalist Party fought for control of China before and after WWII.

At one point, the communist party were defeated and had to go on the LONG MARCH which is a 6,000 mile escape into the mountains to avoid capture.

After WWII, Mao Zedong and the communist party finally won control of China in 1949 and the Nationalist party fled to Taiwan.

II. Nationalism and Independence Vietnam In the early 1900s, France controlled

Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh founded and led the

communist party in Vietnam because the communist party were outspoken against European colonization.

Ho Chi Minh founded the Vietminh League during WWII which fought for independence from France.

In 1954, Vietnam was granted independence but divided by the United Nations at the Geneva Conference.

The North was led by Ho Chi Minh and the South was controlled by the United States with elections in a year to join the two countries under one government.