t8 b8 miles kara-dana hyde work file (4) dod fdr- press reports- 1st pgs for reference 972

8/14/2019 T8 B8 Miles Kara-Dana Hyde Work File (4) DOD Fdr- Press Reports- 1st Pgs for Reference 972

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47 of 250 DOCUMENTSCopyright 2001 The New York Times Company

The New York TimesSeptember 27,2001, Thursday, Late Edition - Final

SECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 5; National DeskLENGTH: 1324 wordsHEADLINE: A NATION CHALLENGED:THEMILITARY;Generals Given Power to Order Downing of JetsBYLINE: By ERIC SCHMITTDATELINE: CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN, Colo., Sept 26BODY:President Bush has authorized two midlevel Air Force generals to order commercial airliners that threatenAmerican cities shot down without checking first with him, a senior military officer said today.

The senior officer, Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart of the Air Force, the head of the North American Aerospace DefenseCommand, said in an interview mat such life-or-death decisions would be made by the generals only as a last resortwhen an attack was seconds away and there was not enough time to consult with General Eberhart, a four-star officer,or the president.Vice President Dick Cheney revealed this month that in the hours after the attacks on the World Trade Center and

the Pentagon, Mr. Bush had ordered the downing of any passenger jets that imperiled Washington. But days after theSept. 11 hijackings, Mr. Bush, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and the Joint Chiefsof Staff approved new ralesof engagement that reflected the heightened concern over possible new terrorist strikes and how to confront themswiftly, General Eberhart said.

Before the attacks there were no formal rules on how the military should deal with an airliner hijacked over theUnited States, flown by what in essence are suicide bombers.

"If there's time, we'd go all the way to the president," said General Eberhart, who also leads the United States SpaceCommand. "Otherwise, the standing orders have been pushed down to the regional level."Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, a two-star officer at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla., would have that authority for the

continental United States. LL Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, a three-star officer at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, wouldhave authority for Alaska. Hawaii is covered by the United States Pacific Command, headed by Adm. Dennis Blair,instead of NORAD.

Citing security concerns, General Eberhart declined to sketch a course of events that would result in the decision todown a civilian airliner being made by someone other than the president.

The change in the rales of engagement regarding shooting down civilian aircraft is part of the rethinking of theNorth American Aerospace Defense Command, better known as Norad, which was born during the cold war and hasalways been oriented toward external threats. For more than 40 years in a bunker deep inside this granite peak, eliteNorad specialists with early-warning radars have peered out over America's borders to alert the nation to an incomingenemy air strike.


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42 of 250 DOCUMENTSCopyright 2001 Denver Publishing Company

Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO)September 28,2001 Friday Final Edition

SECTION: LOCAL; Pg. 39ALENGTH: 310 wordsHEADLINE: FAA, NO T NORAD, WILL STILL CONTROL AIRLINERSBYLINE: Dick Foster, News Southern BureauDATELINE: COLORADO SPRINGSBODY:The Federal Aviation Administration, not NORAD, will continue as the primary controller and tracker of domesticairline flights, just as before Sept. 11, NORAD officials emphasized Thursday.

Only when the FAA calls upon it for assistance will NORAD become involved in intercepting, and possiblyshooting down, a domestic aircraft, officials said.

NORAD - the North American Aerospace Defense Command, based in Colorado Springs - monitors the skies todetect possible attacks on the North American continent from the air and space.

Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld confirmed on Thursday new "rules of engagement" that authorize selectedNORAD generals to order fighter planes to shoot down any commercial airliner that poses an imminent threat to U.S.populations.

The generals would be authorized to act only if the secretary of defense or the president were unavailable to makethe decision, Rumsfeld said."These would be used only as a last resort in extraordinary life-or-death circumstances when there was not enoughtime to contact the national command authorities," NORAD spokesman Maj. Barry Venable said.The two NORAD generals allowed to give shoot-down orders are Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, stationed at TyndallAir Force Base in Panama City, Fla., and Lt. Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.Arnold commands NORAD's Continental Air Region, covering the lower 48 states and divided into three air-defense sectors. Schwartz is commander of the Alaska Air Region.Venable said passenger safety has not been compromised by the new rules of engagement. "AnyNORAD aircraftresponding to any emergency employs a very stringent and ordered set of options, from passive to lethal," Venable said."W e employ that graduated response on all occasions, and will resort to lethal means only as a last resort."

NOTES:TAKING ON TERRORLOAD-DATE: September 29,2001


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Code O ne Magazine: Conversation W ith 1st Air Force Com mander, M aj. Gen. Larry Arn... Page 1 of 7

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This article appeared in the January 2002 issue. IConversation With Major General Larry Arnold, Commander, 1st AirForce, Tyndall AFB , FloridaThe mission of the North American Aerospace DefenseComm and, or NORA D, form erly involved tracking andmonitoring all aircraft entering the borders of the United S tatesandCanada. Since the 11 September terrorists attacks, thatmission has expanded to include tracking and monitoringaircraft flying within the United States. While the FederalAviation A dministration still remains responsible for domesticairspace, NORAD forces now respond to FAA requests to

assist with any threatening or hostile aircraft. To meet thisexpanded air defense mission, NOR AD employs over 100aircraft in a high state of alert or in combat air patrol sortiesover selected areas of the United States. The se m issions willcontinue as long as the Secretary of Defense deemsnecessary.In addition to employing more aircraft, NORAD has taken othermeasures to cover this expanded m ission, such as maintainingcontinuous com munications with the FAA, obtainingcomprehensive access to FAA radar data, and positioningradar to combat new threats. W hen the United S tated invokedArticle 5 of the NATO charter after the September attacks (ahistorical first), NAT O AW ACS aircraft becam e available to assist US AW AC S to enhanceNORAD's capability furth er.

The comm ander of the Continental United States N ORA D Region, Maj. Gen. Larry Arnold, plays avital role in Homeland Defense and in Noble Eagle, the name of the military operation designed torespond to the terrorist attacks. As the commander of 1 st Air Force for Air Combat Command, heprovides the forces necessary for the unilateral de fense of the United States.

A combined 1st Air Force command post and CONUS NORAD Region Air Operations Centerperform the NORAD air sovere ignty mission for the continental United States. Located at TyndallAFB, Florida, 1st Air Force has been an Air Combat Command organization since 1993. Itssubordinate units are located throughout the continental United States. W ith the transfe r ofresponsibility for continental air defense from the active duty component of the Air Force to the AirNational Guard in 1997, 1st Air Force becam e the first num bered air force to be composedprimarily of citizen airmen.Maj. Gen. Arnold is a command pilot with m ore than 4,000 flying hours in nine different aircraft,including the F-16 and the F-15. Code O ne editor Eric Hehs interviewed Arnold at Tyndall lastDecember.How have your responsibilities changed since 11 September?Before 11 September, we were m ore concerned with air sovereignty than w ith air defense. That is,we were more concerned with who was entering or exiting our borders than we were withprotecting those borders against military threats. Our emphasis on the air defense role started

http://www.codeonem agazine.com/archives/2002/articles/ian_02/defense/index.html 4/30/03

t8 b8 miles kara-dana hyde work file (4) dod fdr- press reports- 1st pgs for reference 972

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