THE OVARIESAnd the Corresponding Hormones and Gland

By: Caitlin Beamer, Katie Waito, and Heather Campbell

LO

CATIO

N O

F G

LA

ND

Behind the BladderNear the ColonOn sides of the uterusOn the Fallopian TubesHas anchors

Click icon to add picture

www.pennstatehershey.org

HORMONES PRODUCED

2 Steroid Hormones

1. Estrogen• Produced in the ovaries, liver, adrenal glands, and breasts

2. Progesterone• Produced in the brain, ovaries, and in pregnant woman’s

uteruses • Found in milk

TARGET CELLS

Target Cells- are cells that alter their genetic material in reaction to a hormone that binds to the cell’s protein receptors.

Estrogen: Uterine cells, Lipid cells, Breast cancer cells

Progesterone: Myometrium cells, PR-A, and PR-B cells

EFFECTS OF THE HORMONES

Estrogen Dominance – is when there is an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen, either high levels of estrogen or low levels of progesterone.

Progesterone counter balances estrogen.

Some effects of Estrogen DominanceHeadaches and anxietyPoor sleep patternsImpairs blood sugar control, at risk of blood clotsReduces oxygen levels in cellsIncreases risk of breast and prostate cancer

EFFECT OF THE HORMONES CONT’D

Some effects of Lower levels of Estrogen

Relieves hot flashesImproves memoryImproves sleeping disorders

Some effects of Normal levels of Estrogen

Enlarges breasts and hipsDecreases growth rateIncreases metabolic rateThickens the uterine liningStimulates the endometriumLubricates the vaginaSkin and bone health

EFFECT OF THE HORMONES CONT’D

Some effects of Normal Progesterone LevelsImproves voice toneStimulates new bone productionRestores proper oxygen levels in cellsDecreases risk for cancer

Some effects of Excess Progesterone LevelsOver TiredDepressionDigestive Problems

Some effects of Lower Progesterone LevelsIncrease of heart, gall bladder, and autoimmune diseasesIncreases risk of certain cancers

TRIGGERS/ CONTROLS

Estrogen is stimulated by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

FSH is controlled by another hormone called gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Progesterone is stimulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH)

LH is also stimulated by GnRH

Hypothalamus ---> GnRH --->Pituitary --->FSH---> Folicle ---> Estrogen

Hypothalamus ---> GnRH ---> Pituitary ---> LH---> Corpus luteum ---> Progesterone

TRIGGERS/ CONTROLS CONT’D

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html#Regulation

COMPLICATIONS

Extreme Lack of Estrogen

•Lack of periods•Hot flashes•Thinning, wrinkling and general aging of skin•Libido, vaginal dryness•Mood swings•Osteoporosis•More likely for heart disease

COMPLICATIONS CONT’D

Extreme Lack of Progesterone

• Anxiety/ depression• Malfunctioning thyroid gland• Increased risk of uterine cancer

WORKS CITED Definition: Ovaries. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.sharedjourney.com/define/ova.html Ellis-Christensen, T. (2009, June 7). What are Some Low Progesterone Symptoms?. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-some-low-progesterone-symptoms.htm Estrogen Target Cells. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://sciencedirect.com Estrogen or Progesterone. (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2009, from http://biomedx.com/bones/page10.html Hormones of the Reproductive System. (2007, June 23). Retrieved June 7, 2009, from http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html#Regulation Hormones. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.daisynetwork.org.uk/hormones.html Howlett, D. T. (n.d.). Hormone Replacement Therapy . Retrieved June 7, 2009, from www.lnrmed.org.uk/Endocrinology/Endo_PDF/HRT%20Information%20Sheet.pdf Lee, J. R., Zava, D., & Hopkins., V. (n.d.). Effects of Progesterone & Estrogen. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.johnleemd.com/store/premenstrual_syndrome.html Ovaries And Testes.. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.herbs2000.com/h_menu/gl_ovaries_testes.htm Parker, M. (n.d.). Complications of Ovarian Cysts Can Be Dangerous. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/complications-of-ovarian-cysts-can-be-dangerous.html

Pieber, D., Allport, V., Hills, F., Johnson, M., & Bennett, P. (n.d.). Interactions between progesterone receptor isoform...[Mol Hum Reprod. 2001] - PubMed Result . Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed Progesterone. (2002, February 20). Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www.healthywomen.org/healthtopics/progesterone system, Â. s., &  glands, t. (n.d.). endo.gl. Retrieved June 5, 2009, from http://library.thinkquest.org/26164/END.GLA.html

The End