systems analysis laboratory helsinki university of technology a simulation model for military...
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
A Simulation Model for Military Aircraft Maintenance and Availability
Tuomas Raivio, Eemeli Kuumola,Ville A. Mattila,
Kai Virtanen and Raimo P. Hämäläinen
Systems Analysis Laboratory
Helsinki University of Technology
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Outline
• Aim of the study• Aircraft fleet operations• Simulation model description• Model validation, results• Concluding remarks
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Aim of The Study
• Development of a simulation model for a fleet of military aircraft– Here Bae Hawk Mk51 jet trainer
• Normal peacetime use– Training & patrol flights– Maintenance – Failure repair
• Performance measures– Flight and maintenance policy planning
– Determine the accuracy needed in modelling such a system
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Operations of The Fleet
• Complex and dynamic logistic system• Need to understand functioning of the system as a whole
Maintenance Operations
Flight operations
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Maintenance and Repair Organization
Maintenance levelsOrdinary (O) Intermediate (I) Depot (D)
Maintenance types
Pre-flight inspections, scheduled
maintenance, minor failure repair
Term maintenance, failure repair
Term maintenance, damage repair
Location Squadron Airbase Factory-level facility
Duration Minutes - hours Hours - weeks Weeks - months
Example tasksRefueling, minor
repairs, e.g. light bulb change
Component change/repair, e.g.
hydraulic pump change
Elaborate component or structure
changes/repairs, e.g. bird crash repair
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The Simulation Model
• Discrete event simulation approach
• The model describes– The structure and interaction of the maintenance, repair and
flight processes
– The maintenance capacity in terms of manpower
• Outputs from the model– Performance measures (e.g. aircraft availability)
– Availability = #operatingAC / total #AC
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Structure of The Model
I-Level Maintenance
O-Level Maintenance
Hangar
Depot-LevelMaintenance
Pre-Flight &TurnaroundInspections
FlightMission
MissionGeneration
Daily Flight Operations
FailureRepair
Regular Maintenance
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Modeling Assumptions
• Three airbases are aggregated into one airbase • Model describes average operations• Maintenance operations are modeled in terms of
maintenance duration and manpower capacity – Other maintenance resources are assumed to be available all
the time
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Input Parameters
• Most significant parameters– Maintenance durations and maintenance intervals
– Failure repair durations and failure intensities
– Maintenance manpower capacities – Flight mission durations and intensities
• Reference data collected by the FAF from several airbases– Point estimates and variances, or distributions estimated– Scaling to represent the aggregated base
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Implementation
• ARENA simulation software– SIMAN based simulation engine
– Easy-to-use graphical interface
– Animation for easy demonstrating
– Possibility to create standalone models for nonexpert users
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Screenshot from Arena
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Model Validation
• Model structure is evaluated together with the maintenance and logistics staff of the FAF
• Quantitative validation:
– Aircraft availability Simulated average availability slightly larger than reference value
– Maintenance throughput timesSimulated throughput times are 0-30% shorter than reference values
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
1 2 3 4 5Time (years)
Dai
ly A
vail
abil
ity
Simulated Daily Availability
0 0,1 0,2 0,3
Frequency
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Example Analysis
Maintenance Duration (percentage from the nominal maintenace duration)
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % 110 % 120 % 130 %
Ave
rag
e A
vail
abil
ity
.
115 % 105 % 100 % 95 % 85 %
Capacity in The I-Level Maintenance(percentage from the nominal manpower capacity)
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS LABORATORYHELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Conclusions
• ARENA based implementation – Easy what-if scenarios – Illustrative animation capabilities– Stand-alone applications for e.g. maintenance staff training
• Rapid estimates for relative effect on system performance in case of
– Major changes in maintenance capacity, flight intensity etc.– Aircraft modification programs
• Future modelling efforts– Insight to sensitive parts of the system– Easily upgradable platform