Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 1 Chapter 14 SATZINGER | JACKSON | BURD INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN: AN AGILE, ITERATIVE APPROACH Current Trends in System Development Chapter 14 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design: An Agile, Iteractive Approach 6 th Ed Satzinger, Jackson & Burd 3 Trends in Technology Infrastructure Technology infrastructure :the computing devices along with the operating system and communication software that allow those devices to function Client computing devices This a broad category of devices that users interact with to communicate, play games, retrieve information, and perform every day tasks (desktop, laptop, notebook, tablets, eBook reader,) Web technology, wireless LAN, wireless telephone communication Portable,small,mobil,and the wide availability of the internet =new world of opportunity and challenge for todays developers The capabilities of these devices continue to expand cross-capability also continues to drive new devices with expanded function This trend toward wider connectivity,enhanced functionality, and increased mobility will continue into the foreseeable future 4 Stand-alone /Device-top application a computer application that is built to execute on a local device without requiring a client/server connection. E.g Word Free-standing Internet application a client/server application that is self-contained and doesnt require the use of a Web browser. E.g iTunes Browser-based application a client/server application that executes locally within the control of a Web browser These new devices produce all types of challenges for software developers, they require 24/7 availability and connectivity,high-definitions multimedia capabilities,and rich user-interface The small screen size brings extra challenge 5 6 Trends in Technology Infrastructure Internet and Telephone Communications Internet, the telephone, and television are merging Long-distance telephone communication and long-distance Internet communication have very similar requirements and capability Internet backbone the primary data routes between large, strategically interconnected networks and routers on the Internet Last mile the final leg that delivers connectivity from the Internet network to the customer The last mile has typically been and continues to be the most challenging element in telephone communication and internet access Many methods to implement the last mile: using telephone lines or cable TV lines 4G networks The advent of 4G networks will accelerate the penetration of mobile devices, including smart phones 7 8 Trends in Technology Infrastructure Back-End Computing The server computers that provide the content dynamic and staticfor all applications that access servers through the Internet As more and more client computers try to access a particular application, the workloads on the servers becomes incredibly heavy Alternatives such as cloud computing, collocation, and virtual servers are available because of the expansion of back-end computing capabilities 9 Several factors are driving the need for large back-end computing services Trend toward continuous connectivity to the Internet Massive amount of data storedmany applications in the world of commerce keep a history of all the transactions that occur The consolidation of processing in central locations Content delivery network are also rapidly increasing component of back-end computing CDN providers are companies that host and deliver this content from location that are physically located closer to large market of clients 10 D ata and programs are off the PC and back in massive data centers Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Trends in Application Software Availability When a large or small organization needs a software application,it either develop that software itself or buy it Software as a service (SAAS) A software delivery model similar to a utility, in which the application and its associated data are accessed via the Internet without locally installed programs SAAS originally involved business software, more general- purpose consumer functions are also being provided as a service SAAS software is usually hosted on a server farm, and the functionality is distributed over the internet or a VPN Two category of SAAS : Client data oriented services Tools services (e.g CAD tools) 12 Business oriented services such as CRM,HRM,SCM, ERP end-user services such as blog hosting,photograph hosting The major impetus for using an SAAS provider is the reduced cost of the service :free for end user/ low cost for business Application that will be used in SAAS: Must be developed with end use in mind Must be option-driven so a given business or user can configure it as needed More complex, often adjusted over time Client data must be secure and incapable of being viewed by other clients 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Trends in Application Software Availability Open-source software A method of developing, delivering, and licensing software that makes the application source code freely available to any interested developer or client An open-source license gives the licensee the right to copy,modify,and redistribute the source code Giving away the source code doesnt make an application open source. It must conform to several criteria The business model: the software isnt sold or licensed for a fee Method for funding: request donations the developing organization will often have additional products or service that are sold for a price The base system is free but a professional version with additional capabilities is sold for price Internal open-source group that is funded by the organization itself (universities ) 13 14 Open Source Software Applications Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15 The Web as an Application Platform The web has become the primary environment for the deployment of new software application and systems The majority of new applications are being written for the internet-either as browser based application or as free standing internet application Three major types of web application: Web pages: werent really application. They were information documents with static text and images, and hyperlinks More interactive web sites with animated graphics and plug-in modules that allowed richer content New tools to make websites more dynamic such as java applets, active X controls, JavaScript Browser plug-ins such as flash,QuickTime Web 2.0: dynamic and highly interactive web sites--function like a desktop application (rich internet application) More advanced JavaScript such as Ajax, widgets, plug-ins Ability to communicate and collaborate by using web technology within the browsers such as chatting, conferencing, sharing documents, sharing photos Blogs, wikis,social networks Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 16 Web 2.0 a loosely defined, nonstandard term used to refer to Web sites that permit user-generated content and user interaction, such as social networking sites 2000s 1990s 2004 Adds- ons and application program interfaces Types of web software components: Plug-ins a software component that adds specific capabilities to a larger software application Widget a type of plug-in that focuses on enhancing the user interface with additional capability It usually has a user interface component(it is visible to the user) Gadget another term for a widget often used for widgets that reside on a desktop Theme a type of add-on to an application that allows the look and feel,such as colors and layout, to be changed Toolbar a type of add-on usually comprised of iconic menu items that access the capabilities of the application or plug-ins in a user-friendly fashion Web mini-app a software application that provides a complete set of functions but that must be executed within the confines of another application (e.g iPhone apps, facebook apps) 17 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 18 Sample Google Web Page Gadgets 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19 Mashup application Mashup a type of Web site that combines the functionality of several other Web sites through the use of predefined APIs API: is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. Today, thousand of web sites provide APIs to access the various services provided on the web site.through the use of these open APIs, the service on one website can be added to the total presentation of a different web site The idea of a mashup is to mash the services of two or more web sites together to provide a new service or new way of viewing information Mashups are an important trend in software,particularly social software and web2.0 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 20 Mashup of Several APIs to Create a Dashboard Page 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Panoramio : a mash-up of Google Maps and geopositioned photographs of locations 21 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 22 Rich Internet Application (RIA) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. A type of web site that provides active user interaction as well as delivers rich multimedia It is web application that is built to have the same rich functionality and responsiveness as a desktop application Because it is internet connected,it also frequently delivers rich multimedia Recently, as more tools have become available, web application have permitted a much richer user experience, with many services and capabilities, Today, web application are approaching desktop applications in versatility and usability Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 23 Rich Internet Application (RIA) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 24 Rich Internet Application (RIA) 25 Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) JavaScript and Ajax Libraries De facto standard for adding desktop-like computing within browsers ICEFaces and JavaFX Open-source framework that provides Java language APIs to build and deploy server-based RIAs Adobe Flash Platform Best known as a multimedia platform for animation and interactivity Microsoft Silverlight Microsofts Windows Communication Foundation (WCF).NET RIA Services to support the development and deployment of RIAs HTML5 New HTML specification that standardizes RIA specifications for built-in browser delivery Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26 Summary One of the most active trends in software development is adaptive development methodologies that use iterative SDLCs The most formal adaptive methodology is the Unified Process (UP) one of the first to be formalized with specific definitions for iterations and processes, but it can also be agile Other more radical adaptive methodologies are now being promoted and used, such as Extreme Programming and Scrum Major trends in technology include mobile computing devices, software availability, and Web access Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27 Summary (continued) The number of computers will soon be surpassed by the number of mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablet computing devices These devices have become so pervasive because of the expanded availability of Internet access through wireless and telephone connections The availability of so many connected computing devices has necessitated the growth of large-scale data centers with very large server farms There is a trend toward sharing software applications among many users and organizations called Software as a Service (SAAS), Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28 Summary (continued) Another trend is providing software applications free of charge as open-source software A finaland extremely importanttrend is the use of the Web as an application platform Web-based software applications provide APIs so Web-based applications can share functionality and even be combined to provide new uses of Web-based software Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) allow a Web- based application to function much like a desktop application, with multimedia and active user interactions Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design, 6th Edition 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.