Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

1

System Observability, Diagnosis, and Prognosis

Yr 5 Project Team:Dr Rudi Seracino (PI)Mrs Anna Harris Clark (MS graduate)Mr Hao Hu (PhD candidate)

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

2Project Overview

Failure causes and events Number of occurrences Percentage of totalHydraulic 266 53

  Flood 165 33  Scour 78 16Collision 59 12Overload 44 9Deterioration 43 9

Types and number of failures (Wardhana et. al., 2003)

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

3

Develop a vibration-based damage detection framework to:

• Create a prognostics framework to evaluate the

condition of critical life-line bridge infrastructure

prior to an event to enhance resilience.

• Rapidly assess scour and other flood related damage

of critical life-line bridge infrastructure following an

event to inform decision makers about the condition

of evacuation and first responder routes; and

Overall Objectives

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

4

Enhanced community resilience, system robustness and capacity for recovery by:

• Increasing resilience to disasters by enhancing preparedness;

• Enabling more efficient evacuation and emergency response; and

• Facilitating more rapid recovery.

Project Relevance to DHS S&T Mission

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

020406080

100120

5546

31 28

112

3345

59

1833 26

17

Num

ber o

f Brid

ges

Mississippi &Missouri River

Pacific NW & Atlantic Coast

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

5Existing Scour Monitoring Techniques

Sounding weights [Mueller et al., 1999]

Echo Sounders[Mueller et al., 1999]

Unmanned Marine Vehicle[Murphy et al., 2011]

Vibrating rod[Zarafshan et al., 2012]

Tiltmeters[Briaud et al., 2011]

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

6

G.L.

N.G.L. scour

Ho

Changes in response of the superstructure

ScourIncrease in

pile’s unsupported

height

Decrease in support stiffness

Basic Research Concept

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

7

Dynamic characteristics of superstructure

Horizontally displaced mode shapes

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

0.0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0

Mag

nitu

de

Distance (ft)

Hcol. = 42 ft

Hcol. = 50 ft

Hcol. = 58 ft

Hcol. = 66 ft

Extraction of damage features for changes in horizontal mode shape

with scour depth

Horizontal impact

Accelerations due to impact used to create

mode shapes

Development of Scour Sensitive Damage Features

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

8Numerical Modeling

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 750

1

2

3

4

5

Difference 95% CIDistance (ft)

Chan

ge in

Defl

ectio

n (x

10E-

4 in

)

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

9

58 in42 in

Laboratory Testing

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

10

Investigation Type

Mode Shape Curvature

(CDF)

Mode Shape Curvature

(MCDF)

Flexibility based

deflection

Flexibility based

curvatureFEM of idealized structure * * * *

Idealized Lab structure ** **** * **

FEM of existing bridge ** *** * **

* Damage located, ability to identify scour level** Damage located, not able to identify scour level*** Damage not located, damage zone identified**** Damage location zone not identified

Evaluation of Proposed Damage Features

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

11

Hwy 17 Northeast Creek Bridge, Jacksonville, NC

Field Monitoring

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

12

Pile Cap Plan Area 127.5 ft2

Plan Area of Scoured Soil 75 ft2

Percent Loss of Soil 59%

Field Monitoring – NCDOT underwater inspection

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

13Field Monitoring – Data collection

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

14Field Monitoring – NCDOT scour repair

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

15

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75

-4E-06

-2E-06

0E+00

Mode Shape 1

Repaired BridgeDamaged Bridge

Distance (ft)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

-5E-05-4E-05-3E-05-2E-05-1E-050E+001E-052E-053E-054E-055E-05

Mode Shape 3

Repaired BridgeDamaged Bridge

Distance (ft)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

-2E-04

-1E-04

-5E-05

0E+00

5E-05

1E-04

2E-04

Mode Shape 5

Repaired BridgeDamaged Bridge

Distance (ft)

Field Monitoring – Data Analysis

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

16

Scour Location

10 20 30 40 50 60 700E+00

1E-06

2E-06

3E-06

4E-06

5E-06

6E-06

CDF 95% CIDistance (ft)

CDF

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

MCDF 95% CI 90% CIDistance (ft)

MCD

F

Scour Location

Horizontal Mode Shape Curvature Horizontal Modified Mode Shape Curvature

Scour Location

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 750

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Deflection Difference 95% CIDistance (ft)

Chan

ge in

Defl

ectio

n (1

0xE-

12 in

)

Flexibility Deflection

Field Monitoring – Data Analysis

Scour Location

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Curvature Difference 95% CI90% CI

Distance (ft)

Chan

ge in

Cur

vatu

re (x

10E-

15 1

/in)

Flexibility Deflection Curvature

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

17

Investigation Type

Mode Shape Curvature

(CDF)

Mode Shape Curvature

(MCDF)

Flexibility based

deflection

Flexibility based

curvatureFEM of idealized structure * * * *

Idealized Lab structure ** **** * **

FEM of existing bridge ** *** * **

Northeast Creek Bridge **** *** “*” ****

FEM of Northeast Creek Bridge

“*” *** “*” “*”

* Damage located, ability to identify scour level** Damage located, not able to identify scour level*** Damage not located, damage zone identified**** Damage location zone not identified

Evaluation of Damage Features

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

18Translation Activities

• Dissemination via publication of research theses, international archival journal articles, and peer reviewed conference papers.

• Engagement of public and private sector end users.• Participating in outreach activities.• Contributing to NC State University’s “Design Your Own”

program – 2-hr short course delivered to engineering professionals.

• Developing a module for a new graduate course on “Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure”.

• Fostering the potential for commercialization of research outcomes.

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

19Currently engaged end users

(1) Infrastructure (bridge) owners• technical knowledge, personnel, equipment• e.g. NCDOT bridge maintenance engineers and

hydraulics engineers

(2) Private sector consultants• technical knowledge, ability to transfer knowledge

products to application products• e.g. FDH Engineering Inc

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

20Work Plan

• Complete the development of the relationship between the change in magnitude of the damage feature to the extent of scour.

• Demonstrate the use of existing numerical and analytical models to relate the extent of scour to the residual strength of typical bridge foundations.

• Continued field monitoring of Jennette’s Pier and one additional scour prone bridge in coastal NC.

• Produce guidelines and recommendations for the implementation of future field monitoring using the proposed technique.

• Continue to actively engage end users representative of the public and private sectors.

Research Lead The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CHC-R 5th Annual Meeting January 31-February 1, 2013

21Products

• Paper won the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Research at the Department of Homeland Security 5th Annual Student Paper Competition

• Poster won the American Council of Engineering Companies of North Carolina (ACEC/NC) Student Design Champion grand prize

• Best Poster Award at the 11th Structural Engineering and Mechanics (SEM) Symposium

• PhD awarded - 2010• PhD awarded - 2011• MS awarded - 2012• PhD candidate (Spring 2014)• 2 journal articles published• 2 journal articles submitted• 5 refereed conference papers

Awards

Products