system development 1 information system development
TRANSCRIPT
System Development
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Information System
Development
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Learning Outcomes
Discuss the importance of project management, feasibility assessment, documentation, data and information
gathering techniques, and information systems security during
system development
Discuss the importance of project management, feasibility assessment, documentation, data and information
gathering techniques, and information systems security during
system development
Discuss the purpose of each phase in the system development cycle
Discuss the purpose of each phase in the system development cycle
Students should be able to…
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is an information system (IS)?
Hardware, software, data, people, and
procedures that work together to produce quality information
Hardware, software, data, people, and
procedures that work together to produce quality information
System—Set of components that
interact to achieve common goal
System—Set of components that
interact to achieve common goal
Businesses use many types of systems
Businesses use many types of systems
Hardw are
Softw are
Data
People
Procedures
1996 2007
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Phase 1. Planning
Phase 2. Analysis
Phase 3. Design
Phase 4. Implementation
Phase 5. Operating, Support, and Security
Review project requests Prioritize project
requests Allocate resources Form project
development team
Conduct preliminary investigation Perform detailed analysis activities:
Study current system
Determine user requirements
Recommend solution
Acquire hardware and software, if necessary
Develop details of system
Develop programs, if necessary Install and test new system Train users Convert to new system
Perform maintenance activities Monitor system performance Assess system security
The System Development Life CycleWhat are the phases of the system
development life cycle?
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Arrange tasks into phasesphases (groups of
activities)
The System Development Life CycleWhat are guidelines for system development?
Involve usersusers (anyone for whom system is being built)
Develop clearly defined standardsstandards (procedures company expects
employees to follow)
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The System Development Life CycleWho participates in the system development life cycle?
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is a systems analyst? A person!!!
Responsible for Responsible for designing and designing and
developing developing information information
systemssystemsthe “End Users”the “End Users”
(stakeholders)(stakeholders)
primary contact primary contact personperson
A person(s) playing the “role” of systems analyst is:
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is the project team?
Consists of users, systems analyst, and other IT professionals
Formed to work on a project from beginning to end
Project leader Project leader — one member of the team who manages and controls the project budget and
schedule
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is project management?
Process of planning, scheduling, and
controlling activities during system
development cycle
Project leader identifies elements for
projectRequired activities Required activities & roles played to & roles played to
fulfill the activitiesfulfill the activities
Required activities Required activities & roles played to & roles played to
fulfill the activitiesfulfill the activities
Goal, objectives, Goal, objectives, and expectations, and expectations, collectively called collectively called
scopescope
Goal, objectives, Goal, objectives, and expectations, and expectations, collectively called collectively called
scopescope
Time estimates for Time estimates for each activityeach activity
Time estimates for Time estimates for each activityeach activity
Cost estimates for Cost estimates for each activityeach activity
Cost estimates for Cost estimates for each activityeach activity
Activities that can Activities that can take place at same take place at same
timetime
Activities that can Activities that can take place at same take place at same
timetimeOrder of activitiesOrder of activitiesOrder of activitiesOrder of activities
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is a Gantt chart?
Popular tool used to plan and schedule
time relationships among project
activities
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is feasibility?
Measure of how
suitable system
development will be to
the company
Operational
feasibility
Schedule feasibilit
y
Four feasibility
tests:
Technical feasibilit
y
Economic feasibility
(also called
cost/benefit
feasibility)
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is documentation?
Includes reports, diagrams, Includes reports, diagrams, programs, and other programs, and other
deliverablesdeliverables
Collection and summarization Collection and summarization
of data and informationof data and information
Online Help too!!!
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The System Development Life CycleWhat are six data and information gathering techniques?
Review documentation Observe Questionnaire Interview Joint-application
design (JAD) session Research
JAD Session in Progress
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The System Development Life CycleWhat are some reasons to create or modify an information system?
Competition can lead to change
To improve existing system
Outside group may mandate change
To correct problem in existing system
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is the planning phase?
Begins when steering committee receives project request
Steering Steering committee committee — —
decision-making decision-making body for the body for the
companycompany
Function of committee:
Review and Review and approve approve project project
requestsrequests
Allocate Allocate resourcesresources
Form project Form project developmendevelopment team for t team for
each each approved approved projectproject
Prioritize Prioritize project project
requestsrequests
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is the analysis phase?
Conduct preliminary Conduct preliminary investigation, also investigation, also
called feasibility called feasibility studystudy
Perform Perform detailed detailed analysisanalysis
Operational
feasibility
Schedule feasibilit
y
Four feasibility
tests:
Technical
feasibility
Economic
feasibility
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The System Development Life CycleWhat are possible solutions?
Buy packaged software packaged software —prewritten software available
for purchase
Buy packaged software packaged software —prewritten software available
for purchase
Outsource Outsource — have outside source develop software
Outsource Outsource — have outside source develop software
Write own custom software custom software —software developed at user’s
request
Write own custom software custom software —software developed at user’s
request
Vertical market software—designed for
particular industry
Vertical market software—designed for
particular industry
Horizontal market
software—meets needs of many
companies
Horizontal market
software—meets needs of many
companies
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is the design phase?
Acquire hardware and softwareAcquire hardware and software
Develop all details of new or modified information
system
Develop all details of new or modified information
system
Includes several activities
Database design
Database design
Input and output design
Input and output design
Program design
Program design
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is a prototype? A working model of
the proposed systemA working model of the proposed system
Mockup is a sample of input and/or output:
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is computer-aided software engineering
(CASE)? Software tools designed to support
activities of the system development life cycle
Two popular Examples: • Microsoft’s Visual Studio• Eclipse
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Convert to new systemConvert to new system
The System Development Life CycleWhat is the implementation phase? Purpose is to construct, or build, new or
modified system and then deliver it to users
Train usersTrain users
Install and test new systemInstall and test new system
Develop programsDevelop programs
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The System Development Life Cycle
What are the four types of tests performed by system developers?
Verifies application works with
other applications
Systems test
Integration Test
Unit Test
Verifies each individual
program works by itself
Verifies all programs in the
application work together
Verifies the new system works
with actual data
Acceptance Test
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The System Development Life CycleWhat are conversion strategies? Used to switch from old system to new
system
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The System Development Life CycleWhat is the operation, support, and security phase?
Perform maintenance activities
Monitor system performance
Assess system security
Provides ongoing assistance after system is implemented
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The System Development Life Cycle
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Programming Languages
What is a computer program (software)? Set of instructions that directs
the computer to perform tasks Programming language—used to
communicate instructions
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Programming Languages…”in the beginning”
What is machine language? Only language
computer directly recognizes
Uses a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) with a combination of numbers and letters that represent binary digits
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Programming Languages…a wee-bit newer
What is assembly language? Instructions made
up of symbolic instruction codes, meaningful abbreviations and codes
Source program contains code to be converted to machine language
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Programming Languages…1960’s until now
What is COBOL? COmmon Business-Oriented Language
Designed for business applications
English-like statements make code
easy to read, write, and maintain
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Programming Languages…many more todayWhat are C, C++, C#, Visual Basic, Java, JavaScript,
Perl, PerlScript, PHP, Ruby on Rails, Cold Fusion…
Powerful languages
Requires professional programming skills
(or at least training of yourself)
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Programming Languages
What is a compiler? A program
(software) that converts the entire source program into machine language before executing it
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Programming Languages
What is an interpreter? A program that
translates and executes one program code statement at a time
Does not produce an object program
Browsers do this!(For example, Firefox or Internet Explorer)
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Programming Languages…many, many more
What are other available programming languages?
ALGOLALGOLALGOLALGOLADAADAADAADA APLAPLAPLAPL
BASICBASICBASICBASIC HYPERTALKHYPERTALKHYPERTALKHYPERTALKFORTRANFORTRANFORTRANFORTRANFORTHFORTHFORTHFORTH
LISPLISPLISPLISP MODULA-2MODULA-2MODULA-2MODULA-2LOGOLOGOLOGOLOGO
PASCALPASCALPASCALPASCAL PROLOGPROLOGPROLOGPROLOGPL/1PL/1PL/1PL/1PILOTPILOTPILOTPILOT
SMALLTALKSMALLTALKSMALLTALKSMALLTALK
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Programming Languages
What is an application generator? Program that creates source code or
machine code from a specification Consists of a report writer, a form, and
menu generator
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Programming Languages
What is HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)?
Used to create Web pages
Source Code: WYSIWYG(“wiz-e-wig”)What You See is What You Get:
View -> Source
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Programming Languages
What is a scripting language? Programming language used to allow Web
pages to be more “powerful” (do more things)
Examples: JavaScript VBScript Perl
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Programming Languages
What is dynamic HTML (DHTML)?
Enhanced version of HTML which allows developers to include more graphical interest and interactivity on Web pages
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Programming Languages
What are XML and WML?
XML XML (Extensible Markup Language)(Extensible Markup Language)
allows developers to create customized tags
WMLWML (Wireless Markup Language) (Wireless Markup Language)
allows developers to design pages specifically for microbrowsers
Many PDAs and smart phones use WML as their
markup language
Server sends entire record to client, enabling client to do much of processing without
going back to the server
<LastName>Norman</LastName><FirstName>Ronald</FirstName><College>Grossmont</College><OfficePhone>619-644-7515</OfficePhone>
Office 2007 default documentFormat is XML: .docx, .xlsx, .pptx
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Programming Languages
What is Web page authoring software? Creates sophisticated Web pages without
using HTML This software generates (creates) the
HTML code for you
Examples of Web page authoring
software
Companies on the Cutting Edge
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