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System And Application Software

Computer Skills

Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6 1

Chapter Six

Objectives Overview

Define system software and identify

the two types of system software

Understand Application software

Define Programming Languages

Understand Database Management

Systems

Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 2

Software

• Software is Computer programs and associated documentation.

• Software products may be developed for a particular customer (aka Customized Software) or may be developed for a general market (aka Generic Software).

Computer Skills: Chapter 6 3

Software Types

Computer Skills: Chapter 6 4

System Software

• System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.


Operating systems

Utility Programs

Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources


Start and shut down a

computer

Provide a user interface

Manage programs

Manage memory

Coordinate tasks

Configure devices

Establish an Internet

connection

Monitor performance

Provide utilities

Automatically update

Control a network

Administer security

Utility Programs

• A utility program is a type of system software that allows maintenance-type tasks such as:


Viewing images Uninstalling programs Cleaning up disks Protecting

against viruses

Removing spyware and

adware

Filtering Internet content

Compressing files

Playing media files

Burning optical discs

Maintaining a personal

computer

Searching for files

Finding Utility Programs

• In Windows Operating System, utility programs can be accessed by navigating: All Programs Accessories System Tools.


Application Software

Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 10

Chapter Six


• Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks.


To make business activities more efficient

To assist with graphics and multimedia projects

To support home, personal, and educational tasks

To facilitate communications

Business Software

• Business Software is application software that assists people while performing business activities.


Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation

Note Taking Personal

Information Manager

Business Software for

Phones

Business Software

Suites

Project Management Accounting Document

Management

Enterprise Computing Software

Graphics and Multimedia Software

Computer-aided design (CAD) software

Desktop publishing software


• Graphics and Multimedia Software is an application software that assists people while work with graphics and multimedia.

Home, Personal, and Educational Software

Personal finance software

Legal software

Tax preparation software


• Home, Personal, and Educational Software is application software that designed specifically for use at home or for personal or educational use.

Communication Software

Web Browser E-Mail Instant Messaging Chat Room

Text, Picture, Video Messaging RSS Aggregator Blogging Newsgroup/Mes

sage Board

FTP VoIP Video Conferencing


• Communication Software is an application software that assists people to communicate and share information.


• Available in a variety of forms:


Generic product

Customized product

Web application

Open source Shareware Freeware

Public-domain software


• Generic product is a stand-alone system that is marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy it.

• Customized product is a software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs.

• A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Types of Web applications include e-mail, and game programs.

• Open source is software distributed or made public in source code (readable and modifiable), and are often developed as a community rather than by a single organization.

17 Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software


• Shareware is software that you can use on a trial basis before paying for it. Unlike freeware, shareware often has limited functionality or may only be used for a limited time before requiring payment and registration.

• Freeware is software that is free to use. Unlike commercial software, it does not require any payment or licensing fee.

• Public-domain software programs that are offered to the public without copyright restrictions. Public domain software is similar to open source software, in which the source code of a program is made publicly available.

18 Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software

Programming Languages

Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 19

Chapter Six

Computer Program

• A computer program is executable software that runs on a computer. – Examples: Web browsers, word processors, e-mail

clients, video games, and system utilities. – Created by a programmer using a programming

language


Programming Languages

A programming language is a set of commands, instructions, and other syntax use to create a software program..


Types of Programming Languages

Two types of languages are: a. low-level b. high-level. A low-level language is a programming language that is machine dependent. Example: Machine Language and Assembly Language. A high-level language, by contrast, each language instruction typically equates to multiple machine instructions. Example: C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Python etc.. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 22

Database Management Systems

Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 23

Chapter Six

Databases, Data, and Information

Database

• group of related files

• Payroll, • accounts-

receivable, • inventory

Data

• Collection of unprocessed items • Text • Numbers • Images • Audio • Video

Information

• Processed data • Documents • Audio • Images • Video


Databases, Data, and Information

• Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allow the:


definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of

databases.

The Data Hierarchy

Data is organized in layers (Fields, Tables, Records, Database) • A Field is a group of character with some meaning, such as your

name, ID, Address etc. • A Record is a group of related fields holding all the data about one

person or item.

• A Table is a group of related records, such as Instructors table.


File Processing Versus Databases


File system

• File System suffers from:

• Application Dependency

• Duplication of data • Isolation of data

Database approach

• Data Sharing • Controlled

redundancy • Data Independence • Better Data Integrity • Reduces

development time

File Versus Databases


Data Model


• Every database and DBMS is based on a specific data model.

• A data model consists of rules and standards that define how the database organizes data.

• Examples of Data Models: – Relational Data Model

• Used by most DBMSes

– Object-Oriented Model

Relational Databases

• A relational database stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns – Each row has a primary

key – Each column has a

unique name

• A relationship is a link within the data


Object-Oriented Databases

• An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects.

• An object is an item that contains data (attributes), as well as the actions (method or operation) that read or process data.

• A student object, for example, might contain data about a student such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Address, and so on.


Object-Oriented Databases

• Examples of applications appropriate for an object-oriented database include:


Multimedia database

Groupware database

Computer-aided design

database

Hypertext database

Structured Query Language (SQL)

• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data.


Most relational database products for servers and mainframes include SQL. Many personal computer databases also include SQL.