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Home » Dyes » Synthetic Dyes
Synthetic Dyes
The first human-made (synthetic) organic dye, mauveine, was discovered
serendipitously by William Henry Perkin in 1856. Many thousands of synthetic
dyes have since been prepared.
Synthetic dyes quickly replaced the traditional natural dyes. They cost less,
they offered a vast range of new colors, and they imparted better properties to
the dyed materials. Dyes are now classified according to how they are used
in the dyeing process.
Almost all the colors that you see today are Synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are
used everywhere in everything from clothes to paper, from food to wood.
Synthetic dyes today has evolved into a multi billion dollar industry. They are
widely used for dyeing and printing in a broad range of industries. There are
over 10,000 dyes, and the annual production globally, exceeds over 7 × 105
metric tones. Cheaper to produce, brighter, more color-fast, and easy to apply
to fabric, these synthetic dyes changed the playing field. Scientists raced to
formulate gorgeous new colors and before long, dyed fabric was available to
all, and natural dyes had become obsolete for most applications.
The synthetic dyes, can be named according to the chemical structure of their particular chromophoric group. For example,
diphenylmethane derivatives, triphenylmethane compounds oxazine compounds, xanthene compounds, Azo dyes are one of
the most popular varieties of synthetic dyes. Today it is being used up to 90% in the dyeing units, as they are versatile and
simple to synthesize. Most of the synthetic dyes with a few exception are aromatic organic compounds which can be divided into
groups like non-ionic (oil soluble), cationic, and anionic. A typical example of Cationic dye is Methyl violet, while Azo dyes are
anionic dyes.
Types of Synthetic Dyes
Acid Dyes
Azoic (or Naphthol) Dyes
Basic Dyes
Chrome (or Mordant) Dyes
Developed (or Diazo) Dyes
Direct Dyes
Disperse (or Acetate) Dyes
Reactive (or Fiber-reactive) Dyes
Sulphur Dyes
Vat Dyes
Parameters in choosing Synthetic Dyes
The following parameters can serve as a guideline for synthetic dyes:-
Boiling
Perspiration
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Fading
Machine wash ability
Gas fume fading (from oil heaters)
Fastness assessments
Dry cleaning
Hot pressing
Steam pressing
Salt water
Applications of the Synthetic Dyes
Earlier, synthetic dyes are used in textile industries only but now a days these dyes serve many industries such as: Medicine,
chemistry, plastics, paint, printing ink, rubber, cosmetics etc.
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