HOW TO WRITE A SYNOPSIS

PRESENTATION BY ;

HIMANSHU HOODARESEARCH SCHOLAR

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATIONPANJAB UNIVERSITY

CHANDIGARH7206710002

Research synopsis writingby Helle O. Larsen (University of Copenhagen), modified by Davide Pettenella (University of Padova)

IntroductionThis document provides guidelines for preparing a

research synopsis (and indirectly of the final report of your work that will be presented at the end of your research program). The research synopsis is the plan for your research project.

It provides the rationale for the research, the research objectives, the proposed methods for data collection and recording formats and/or questionnaires and interview guides.

Cont…

The synopsis is based on the information provided by the supervisor(s) and by secondary sources of information. In the final report you will present the results of your data collection and elaboration, with the discussion and the conclusion.

The full synopsis should be maximum 3-4,000 words, excluding appendices.

Standard terms for synopsis

Cover/Title pageThe first page, called title page.Gives the- title of research, must be typed or printed

in bold letters.Researcher should be extra careful in spelling each

words correctly without missing even the punctuation signs what so ever.

Department/faculty to which the thesis/report is submitted.

Cont…Name of the Title in bold letters.Synopsis submitted to the faculty of education,

panjab university, chandigarh.For the degree of doctor of philosophy In physical educationYearLeft side supervisor name and signature and right

side name and sign of the researcher. Name of the department, and university.

INTRODUCTORY PAGES

Are; Approval pageVita Acknowledgement or PrefaceTable of contentsList of tablesList of figuresList of variables

Cont.

Are not needed, while writing the synopsis.

?

MAIN BODYCHAPTER I

INTRODUCTIONShould begin with the background of the research

topic and state of the art scenario in brief.Most significant contributions in the past must be

summarizedLike a flow chart should be presented to past and

to present.

Statement of the problem

Investigator should orient the reader to the importance and need of the study.

The purpose of the study may itself be the statement of the problem.

Most of the research scholar simply pendown the title of the problem instead of making a precise statement on what actually the proposition under focus was or what exact the problem was;

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A purpose of the study was to investigate the significance different between motor fitness components and Physical variables of college & University female players.

Hypothesis of the study

These are predictions of the outcomes from the study. It is useful at the outset to specify the hypotheses in terms of the assumed relations between variables so as to clarify the position and pre-understanding of the researcher.

If statistical tests are to be conducted formulation of hypotheses is a crucial element of the research design.

Cont…

In purely quantitative, deductive research hypotheses are tested statistically, whereas in qualitative, inductive research hypotheses are not formulated.

May be more than one hypothesis in the study.There will be significant difference between or

among.

Delimitations of the study

Is the boundaries of the study the restriction like and type.The study is delimited to the

1. The study is delimited to the following selected physiological variables.• Vital capacity• Blood pressure• Resting Heart rate• Hemoglobin

Cont…2. The study is delimited to the following selected motor fitness variables.

a. Muscular endurance of arm shoulder

b. Muscular strength.

c. Agility.

d. Speed.

e. Cardio-vascular endurance.

f. Balance

3. The study is delimited to the student of 17-22 years of age.

4. The study is also be delimited to two levels of players.

a. College players

b. University players

Limitations of the study

Experienced by the scholar are also drawback to the study.

Is a sort of helplessness which is difficult for an individual to overcome or remedy but live by it.

Despite best efforts several factors and conditions have even significant effect on the results of the study were difficult for the researcher to control.

Ex..

Financial difficulties of the research scholar. Requisite number of subjects at the nick of time. Conduct of test at different times a day. Environment conditions not being standardized etc. Non availability of a standard instrument. Non-

availability of sophisticated instruments for the collection of data was considered as the limitation of this study.

Are limitations which are researcher cannot cure but has to endure.

Definition of important technical terms

Relevant and difficult terms may be defined operationally with proper references.

Significance of the study

Should spell out the reason for taking up such a study.

How the problem is going to contribute to the body of knowledge.

What specific purposes the study will give and who would benefit from the study.

Ex… Study may motivate other football loving people to take up similar studies selecting more number of players. So that more information related to injuries of football players will be highlighted.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The present study may be helpful in the following manners: -1) It will be helpful to differentiate and motor fitness variables physiological variables possessed by different levels of athletes and their relation to their performance.2) From the practical standpoint, this study is important for coaches and trainer to adjust training regimes and concentrate on the variables that are specific to improve performance 'and achieve success in the sports and games.

Cont…3) In future, due consideration may be given by the selectors to the motor fitness variables and coordinative abilities which are most related to the higher performance.

4) The study will be reveal true facts about players.

5) The study will be help the physical education teachers and coaches to scan the prospective Hockey players.

6) Study may be useful in classification of student on the basis of physiological variables and coordinative abilities even in the absence of a physical education teacher or coach.

The outcome of the study will be useful in evaluating the degree of adaptive changes that are brought out.

CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter deals with literature related to the present study. The research scholar has gone through all the available literature and the literature found relevant to the present study has been presented in this chapter.

Cont…

In this section you present details regarding the research problem. You should present documentation of the existence of the problem, how it is manifested, who it affects and involves, what roles and interests the involved actors have, the historical background to the problem (including what has lead to the actual situation), and the problem’s complexity (what it consists of and what it is a part of) (Dahl et al., 1999).

Cont…

Remember, the literature review is not just a list of the methods used/conclusions made by previous studies. Have a look at research papers published in international journals for inspiration – the introductions most often include highly condensed literature reviews.

CHAPTER IIIMETHOD AND PROCEDURE

In this chapter Design of the study selection of subjects/Sample, selection of variables, criterion measures/Tools to be used, administrations of tests and their scoring. statistical technique

for the analysis of data have been described.

SELECTION OF SUBJECTS

The subjects for this study will be selected from the college and University of Chandigarh. Total of 200 female subjects will be selected 100 from each level i.e. College and University.

SELECTION OF VARIABLESThe study will be taken on the basis of available Literature on Physiological Variables and Motor Fitness and their tests findings of the related research studies. Keeping in the mind about specific purpose of the study to, the following Physiological Variables and motor fitness were selected:

Physiological Variables

a) Vital Capacity

b) Blood Pressure

c) Resting Heart Rate

d) VO2 Max

e) Haemoglobin

Motor Fitness Variables.

a) Muscular endurance of arm shoulder

b) Muscular strength.

c) Agility.

d) Speed.

e) Cardio-vascular endurance

f) Balance

CRITERION MEASURES

Criterion measures for testing the hypothesis were following: -

1. Vital Capacity will be measured by dry Spiro meter and will be recorded in liters.

2. Resting Heart Rate will be measured by counting number of heart beats per minute and will be recorded in numbers.

3. Blood pressure will be measured by Sphygmomanometer.

4. VO2 Max. Will be measured by Harward Step Test.

5. Physical fitness variables will be measured by AAHPER Youth fitness test.

6. Reaction Time will be measured by the ball reaction exercise test and will be recorded in centimeters.

7. Balance ability will be measured by using long nose test and will be recorded in seconds.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE TESTS

The data of Chandigarh players will be collected during Inter-collegiate and intervarsity championship. Necessary instruction will be given to the subjects before administration of the test of selected Motor fitness Variables as suggested by peter Hirtz.

STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF DATA

To characterize College and University Players to their standard human performance measures by selected physiological variables and Motor fitness Variables abilities, mean, standard d., and ‘t’ test will be used.

Level of significance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The purpose of a reference list is that the reader should be able to find the references used. Therefore, be sure to write the full reference in the reference list, including

author, publication year, title, title of journal/series, volume of journal/series contribution, publisher (omitted for journal), location (omitted for journal), page numbers.

All references in the text must be in the list of references and vice versa.

References

When you cite literature there are standards to be followed for in-text citations and the format of the reference list. You should use the AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL

ASSOCIATION is widely accepted in social sciences, education, business etc.

Cont. Author, A. A. (Year) . Title of work . Location : Publisher Authors name Singh, G., & Hooda, H. Year Singh, G., & Hooda, H. (2005) . Title of work . Volume/Edition. Page no. (pp. 490-507) . LOCATION New York, NY: Brooklyn, NY: Publisher Guilford Press . Hang Loose Press .

Cont…

When the author name is used actively only the publication year is put in brackets: Silverbrandt (1935) argued that the moon is made from cheese.

When an article is written by two authors the in-text citation is (Oldfield and Morse, 2009) or (Oldfield & Morse, 2007). The coma before publication year can be omitted – but then it should always be omitted.

A very crucial point is to decide which of several possible formats to use and then to follow it consistently.

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