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International Symposium on Synthetic

Biology in Photosynthesis Research

Symposium Handbook

Aug 08-10, 2018

Shanghai, China

Supported by

Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, CAS

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, CAS

The ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, ANU

State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice

Chinese Society for Plant Biology

Sponsored by


European Union Europe Aid SEW‐REAP project



Organized by




Exhibitions

Beijing Ecotek Technology Co., Ltd.

Biogle Gene Technology (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd.

PhenoTrait (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co. Ltd.

Zealquest Scientific Technology Co., Ltd.


Biology in Photosynthesis Research

Symposium Handbook

Aug 08-10, 2018

Shanghai, China

Sponsored by





Contents

Welcome message 1

Symposium Notice 2

Warm Reminder 4

Symposium Schedule 8

Scientific Program 9

Abstracts of Invited Talks 13

Session 1 Photosynthesis systems

Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency for Improved Crop Yield (Donald R. Ort) 14

Respiratory Metabolism during Photosynthesis (Kevin L. Griffin) 15

Mesophyll CO2 Conductance in C3 and C4 plants (Asaph B. Cousins) 16

Variations of C4 Photosynthetic Pathways and Their Physiological Significance

(Yu Wang) 17

Re-engineering the Carbon Shuttle Pathway in Setaria viridis (Thomas P.

Brutnell) 18

Session 2 Engineering photosynthetic systems

Engineering Photorespiration: A Synthetic Biology Approach to Improving Crop

Productivity (Paul F. South, Amanda P. Cavanagh, Helen W. Liu, Donald R.

Ort)

19

Modeling C4 Photosynthesis and Moonlighting in CAM (Andrea Bräutigam) 20

How to Build a Carboxysome: Progress and Future Challenges to Constructing

Functional Carboxysomes in the Chloroplast (Ben Long) 21

Electron Transport in C4 Plants (Maria Ermakova, Furbank Robert, Susanne von

Caemmerer) 22

Lessons from Synthetic Engineering of Carbon Fixation (Ron Milo) 23

Reconstitution of the Cyanobacterial Carbon Concentrating Mechanism in Rice

Chloroplasts to Improve Yield (Page M T, Qu M, Perveen S, Hanson M R, Zhu

X, Lin M T, Orr D J, Carmo-Silva E, Martin Parry)

24

Novel Insights into the Regulation of C4 Photosynthesis (Susanne von

Caemmerer, Jasper Pengelly, Florence Danila, Maria Ermakova, Hannah L

Osborn, Hugo Alonso-Cantabrana1, Rosemary White, Robert T Furbank)

25

Session 3 Tools sets for synthetic biology in photosynthesis

Probing Cellular Redox Metabolism Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent

Sensors (Yi Yang) 26

Flux Analysis of Arabidopsis Primary Metabolism (Fangfang Ma, Doug K.

Allen) 27

Three-dimensional Modeling of Rice Photosynthesis (Yi Xiao) 28

Understanding and Manipulating Metabolic Fluxes in Cyanobacteria

(Chen Yang) 29

Metabolite Flux Analysis in Maize (Stephanie Arrivault) 30

Abstracts of Posters 31

Session 1 Photosynthesis systems

No.01: Effect of different metals (Lead and Zinc) on chlorophyll fluorescence

in black gram and its partial recovery by brassinosteroid (Alok Srivastav, V.P.

Singh)

32

No.02: Differential responses of mesophyll conductance to temperature at three

different O2 concentrations in rice plants (Guanjun Huang, Yong Li) 33

No.03: Cyclic electron flow can protect PSII against photoinhibition in rice

following heat stress (Jemaa Essemine, Mingnan Qu, Genyun Chen, Xinguang

Zhu)

34

No.04: Seasonal variations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from leaf

to canopy level and its relations with plant traits for paddy-rice (Ji Li, Yongguang

Zhang, Qian Zhang, Zhaohui Li, Jing Li, Jingming Chen)

35

No.05: Sensitive response of chloroplast size to leaf nitrogen content at the

tillering stage resulted in the decreased photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency

(PNUE) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant (Limin Gao)

36

No.06: Synthesis of structural carboxysomes in tobacco chloroplasts (WeiYih

Hee) 37

No.07: Response of photosynthetic efficiency and NPQ based photoprotection

of rice plants grown under different LED light wavelength (red, blue and white)

(Saber Hamdani, Naveed Khan, Shahnaz Perveen, Mingnan Qu, Jianjun Jiang,

Govindjee, Xinguang Zhu)

38

No.08: The photosynthetic responses of Panicum antidotale under salinity,

drought and combination of both stresses (Tabassum Hussain, Xiaojing Liu) 39

No.09: Cryo-EM structure of maize PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex (Xiaowei

Pan, Jun Ma, Xiaodong Su, Wenrui Chang, Zhenfeng Liu, Xinzheng Zhang, Mei

Li)

40

No.10: Low level of HCO3- content involved in drought response in transgenic

rice with overexpression C4-PEPC (Jinfei Zhang, Xia Li, Yinfeng Xie) 41

No.11: Concerted decreases in leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance

under K deficiency: prominent roles of mesophyll conductance to CO2 and

outside-xylem hydraulic conductance (Zhifeng Lu, Shiwei Guo)

42

Session 2 Engineering photosynthetic systems

No.12: Engineering photosynthesis by altering cell division patterns in the

leaf (Andrew Fleming) 43

No.13: A dynamic model of primary metabolism in C3 leaf (Honglong Zhao,

Xinguang Zhu) 44

No.14: The evolution of PPT1 and its bidirectional role in C4 species (Ming-

Ju Amy Lyu, Jianjun Jiang, Yaling Wang, Xinyu Liu, Xinguang Zhu) 45

No.15: CO2 control system based on an optimized regulation model (Pingping

Xin, Jin Hu, Haihui Zhang) 46

No.16: Systematic optimization of whole plant carbon nitrogen interaction

(WACNI) to support crop design for greater yield (Tiangen Chang, Xinguang

Zhu)

47

No.17: Identification and expression of the key genes involved in C4

photosynthetic pathway in bread wheat (Yingang Hu, Daoura Gaoh Goudia

Bachir, Yang Yang, Liang Chen)

48

No.18: Plasmodesmatal flux in C3 and C4 monocots: the metabolite pathway

between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells (Florence Danila, Susanne von

Caemmerer)

49

Poster Location and Hanging 50

The Floor Plan for Exhibitions 50

A Brief Introduction to Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology

and Ecology (SIPPE), SIBS, CAS 51

A Brief Introduction to Laboratory of Photosynthesis and

Environmental Biology, SIPPE, SIBS, CAS 53

Participants' Information 55

Notes of Symposium 64

1

Welcome message

Photosynthesis provides the basis for food, energy, fiber and healthy

environment for humanity; it is also a critical component of the global

ecosystem. Understanding how photosystem works and how to improve its

efficiency are a major focus of the contemporary photosynthesis biology

research. The International Symposium on Synthetic Biology in

Photosynthesis Research aims to bring together scientists working in the

various fields closely related to synthetic biology and photosynthesis research

areas to discuss the recent progress and brainstorm future opportunities. The

meeting dates shall hold from August 8 through August 10.

The symposium will be organized around three topic areas, i.e.

understanding photosynthesis systems, engineering photosynthetic systems,

and new technologies/tools for synthetic biology. Plenty of time will be

allocated for the discussion sessions to ensure close interaction between the

speakers and audiences. At the end, we will organize a discussion session to

brainstorm unexplored opportunities on photosynthesis synthetic biology,

methods and tools needed to realize these opportunities, and maximize the

impact of photosynthetic synthetic biology on agriculture.

We look forward to having your participation at the meeting in the Aug of

2018!

Best wishes,

Xinguang Zhu

Susanne von Caemmerer

Chair of the Symposium

March 28, 2018

2


Biology in Photosynthesis Research (Symposium Notice)

Photosynthesis provides the basis for food, energy, fiber and healthy

environment for humanity; it is also a critical component of the global

ecosystem. Understanding how photosystem works and how to improve its

efficiency are a major focus of the contemporary photosynthesis biology

research. The International Symposium on Synthetic Biology in

Photosynthesis Research aims to bring together scientists working in the

various fields closely related to synthetic biology and photosynthesis research

areas to discuss the recent progress and brainstorm future opportunities. The

meeting dates shall hold from August 8 through August 10 in the Lake Meilan

International Convention Center.

The symposium will be organized around three topic areas, i.e.

understanding photosynthesis systems, engineering photosynthetic systems,

and new technologies/tools for synthetic biology. Plenty of time will be

allocated for the discussion sessions to ensure close interaction between the

speakers and audiences. At the end, we will organize a discussion session to

brainstorm unexplored opportunities on photosynthesis synthetic biology,

methods and tools needed to realize these opportunities, and maximize the

impact of photosynthetic synthetic biology on agriculture.

We look forward to having your participation at the meeting in the Aug of

2018!

1 Organizers

1.1 Supported by






3

1.2 Sponsored by





1.3 Organized by




2 Registration Information

Students and postdocs: 2000 RMB; Faculty and staff: 3000 RMB.

Fees will support the Symposium material, tea break, meeting venue, and

invited speakers etc. The cost for accommodation and transportation need to be

covered by participants.

3 Registration

Please register for the meeting at http://meeting.cspb.org.cn/sbpr/ before

July 1st.

4 Registration fee payment options Bank transfer, Alipay, Weichat, or onsite payment by card for public service

(公务卡).

5 Bank transfers Beneficiary’s Name: The Chinese Society for Plant Biology

Bank Information: Agricultural Bank of China, Shanghai Municipal Branch,

Xuhui District, Fenglin Road Branch

Account No: 03392400801023728

SWIFT BIC: ABOCCNBJ090

Attention: When you pay for the meeting, please label clearly:

Photosynthesis Symposium + YOUR NAME

Contact for fee payments: Yajie Zheng, [email protected],021-54922857


August 1, 2018

http://meeting.cspb.org.cn/sbpr/

4

Warm Reminder

Dear Sir or Madam:

Thank you so much for coming to Shanghai (International center for

economic, financial, trade, shipping, scientific and technological innovations)

in this summer to attend the International Symposium on Synthetic Biology

in Photosynthesis Research, which is co-sponsored by the ARC Centre of

Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis of ANU, State Key Laboratory of

Hybrid Rice and Chinese Society for Plant Biology.

For the success of symposium, please carefully read the following:

1 Hotel and Transportation

The hotel you are going to stay is Lake Meilan International Convention

Center of Shanghai, which is situated at No. No. 6655 Hutai Road, Baoshan

district, Shanghai (No. 888 Luofen Road, Luodian new town). It takes about 45

minutes taxi ride to reach Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and

Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station, 50 minutes to Shanghai Railway Station

and 75 minutes to Shanghai Pudong International Airport, 70 minutes to

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, CAS.

The symposium will be held in Lake Meilan International Convention Center,

which locate only 600 meters away from “Meilan Lake Station” of Metro Line

7, which is about 10 minutes’ walk. The subway system can be reached from

Hongqiao airport, Pudong Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao Railway station,

Shanghai Railway station and Shanghai South Railway Station.

2 Procedure for Symposium Registration

2.1 Sign in (Please check your basic contact information so that the Symposium

5

Organizing Committee can keep contact with you and make the symposium

address list)

2.2 Receive your information pack and souvenir

2.3 Check in at Hotel Reception

3 Meals

The meal tickets grant you to have your meals during the symposium.

3.1 Breakfast (At 7:00-9:00; Western Restaurant, The first floor in hotel)

3.2 Lunch (At 12:00-13:30; Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

3.3 Dinner (At 18:00-20:00; Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

3.4 Banquet (At 18:30-21:00; All participants for the symposium will be invited

to have a banquet by the sponsors on Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in

hotel)

4 Hotel Telephone Services

4.1 Interior Phone: Please dial 6+ room number.

4.2 Local Call: Please dial 9+ phone number.

4.3 Long Distance Call: Please contact Hotel information desk.

5 Weather Forecast

Shanghai (August 7 - 10)

Date Weather Temperature (℃)

August 7 Cloudy 26～33

August 8 Sunny 25～33

August 9 Cloudy 26～33

August 10 Sunny 26～33

6 Symposium Organizing Committee

(1) Team leaders

Prof. Xinzhuang Zhu (Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science,

CAS; Tele: 86-139 1705 8786)

6

Ms. Yajie Zheng (Chinese Society for Plant Biology; Tele: 86-188 1739

5069)

Prof. Jianfeng Cheng (Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

SIBS, CAS; Tele: 86-159 0096 7950)

(2) Rooms for organizing committee and interior phone number

Room Number Interior Phone Number Contact Person

Xinzhuang Zhu

Yajie Zheng; Li Zhou

Jianfeng Cheng

Qingfeng Song; Mingnan Qu

(3) Contact Person and Phone Number

①. Receipt for registration fee and company exhibition

Ms. Yajie Zheng; Tele: 86-188 1739 5069;

Ms. Li Zhou; Tele: 86-188 1739 5069;

②. Symposium program, venue and posters

Dr. Qingfeng Song; Tele: 86-135 6408 2434;

Dr. Mingnan Qu; Tele: 86-130 2210 8559;

Dr. Tiangen Chang; Tele: 86-139 1716 6684;

Dr. Honglong Zhao; Tele: 86-189 3991 0730.

7. Attentions

7.1 Please feel free to ask for any help from our staff wearing employee’s T-

shirts and cards.

7.2 Please the participants should be present at the symposium and attend

relevant activities on time and in an organized way according to the

schedule in symposium handbook. If there are any changes, please refer to

the on-site notices.

7.3 Please keep your cell phones opened. If you go out alone during the

7

symposium, please inform the symposium organizing committee. If there

is a need, please contact with the symposium organizing committee.

7.4 Please wear your participation card when you are present at the symposium,

attend relevant activities or have meals.

7.5 Please turn off your mobile phones or other communication tools or keep

them in silent mode and do not walk around at the symposium venue.

7.6 Please keep your own property and relevant documents properly and take

the room key/card with you when leaving the room; if something is lost,

please contact with the symposium organizing committee in time.

7.7 please contact with the symposium organizing committee about the matters

of printing, using cars, consulting or emergency during the symposium.

7.8 Please comply with the relevant regulations of the hotel, take good care of

the hotel facilities, keep the environmental health; if there is any damage,

and need to pay for the liability; and the all expenses of consumption shall

be paid by yourself. Please check out when you leave the hotel.

7.9 During the symposium, please do a good safe workings such as fire

prevention, electricity usage, food safety and good health; Smoking is

strictly prohibited in the venue and indoor areas.

7.10 The schematic diagrams of hotel location and transportation are shown on

the back cover.

8

Symposium Schedule

The Symposium lasts about four days (from August 7th to August 10th,

2018). All content arrangements are detailed below.

Date Time Content

August 7 01:00-09:00 PM Arrivals

August 8

08:30-09:00 AM Opening remarks

09:00-12:00 AM Session 1: Photosynthesis systems

01:30-05:00 PM Session 2: Engineering photosynthetic

systems

06:30-08:00 PM Symposium banquet

08:00-09:00 PM After banquet presentation

August 9

08:30-09:00 AM Poster viewing and discussions

09:00-12:00 AM Session 3: Tools sets for synthetic

biology in photosynthesis

01:30-04:40 PM Session 4: Discussion sessions

04:40-05:10 PM Symposium close

August 10 07:00-12:00 AM Symposium adjourn

9

Scientific Program

Symposium location: Symposium Room Number 2, The Third Floor,

Lake Meilan International Convention Center.

Tuesday, August 7, 2018: Arrivals

Afternoon

01:00-09:00 Registration open in the lobby of hotel

01:00-05:00 Social interaction, poster hanging and exhibition layout

06:00-08:00 Dinner (Meilan Restaurant, The third floor in hotel)

Wednesday, August 8, 2018: Full-day Sessions

Breakfast: 7:00-9:00 (Western Restaurant, The first floor in hotel)

Morning sessions (Chair: Xinguang Zhu)

08:30-08:50 Opening remarks by meeting organizers

08:50-09:00 Opening remarks by institute representative

Session 1 Photosynthesis systems (Chair: Susanne von Caemmerer)

09:00-09:30

Donald R. Ort (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA)

Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency for Improved Crop

Yield

09:30-10:00 Kevin Griffin (Columbia University, USA)

Respiratory Metabolism during Photosynthesis

10:00-10:30 Asaph Cousins (Washington State University, USA)

Mesophyll CO2 Conductance in C3 and C4 plants

10:30-11:00 Coffee break

10

11:00-11:30

Yu Wang (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA)

Variations of C4 Photosynthetic Pathways and Their

Physiological Significance

11:30-12:00

Tomas Brutnell (Danforth Plant Science Center, USA; Shandong

Agricultural University)

Re-engineering the Carbon Shuttle Pathway in Setaria viridis

12:00-13:30 Lunch (Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

Afternoon

Session 2 Engineering photosynthetic systems (Chair: Donald R. Ort)

01:30-02:00

Paul South (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA)

Engineering Photorespiration: A Synthetic Biology

Approach to Improving Crop Productivity

02:00-02:30 Andrea Bräutigam (Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany)

Modeling C4 Photosynthesis and Moonlighting in CAM

02:30-03:00

Ben Long (Australian National University, Australia)

How to Build a Carboxysome: Progress and Future

Challenges to Constructing Functional Carboxysomes in the

Chloroplast

03:00-03:30 Photograph and coffee break

03:30-04:00 Maria Ermakova (Australian National University, Australia)

Electron Transport in C4 Plants

04:00-04:30 Ron Milo (Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel)

Lessons from Synthetic Engineering of Carbon Fixation

04:30-05:00

Martin Parry (Lancaster University, UK)

Reconstitution of the Cyanobacterial Carbon Concentrating

Mechanism in Rice Chloroplasts to Improve Yield

05:00-06:00 Poster presentation from participants

06:00-06:30 Relaxation, happy hour

11

06:30-08:00 Symposium Banquet (Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

08:00-09:00

After dinner presentation (Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

Susanne von Caemmerer (Australian National University, Australia)

Novel Insights into the Regulation of C4 Photosynthesis

Thursday, August 9, 2018: Full-day Sessions

Breakfast: 7:00-9:00 (Western Restaurant, The first floor in hotel)

Morning

08:30-09:00 Poster viewing and discussions with coffee and beer provided

Session 3 Tools sets for synthetic biology in photosynthesis (Chair:

Martin Parry)

09:00-09:30

Yi Yang (East China University of Science and Technology, China)

Probing Cellular Redox Metabolism Using Genetically

Encoded Fluorescent Sensors

09:30-10:00 Fangfang Ma (Shandong Agricultural University, China)

Flux Analysis of Arabidopsis Primary Metabolism

10:00-10:30

Yi Xiao (Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, China)

Three-dimensional Modeling of Rice Photosynthesis


11:00-11:30

Chen Yang (Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)

Understanding and Manipulating Metabolic Fluxes in

Cyanobacteria

11:30-12:00

Stephanie Arrivault (Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant

Physiology, Germany)

Metabolite Flux Analysis in Maize

12:00-13:30 Lunch (Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

12

Afternoon

Session 4 Discussion sessions (Chair: Xinguang Zhu)

Topic 1

01:30-02:00

New Opportunities for synthetic biology in photosynthesis

research. What are the major targets? How to identify new

targets?

02:00-02:10 Synthesis of the discussion and action plan

Topic 2

02:10-02:40

What is the ideal wish list to phenotyping a cell with an

engineered increased photosynthetic efficiency? Flux

estimate? Metabolite imagining? Cell imagining? CO2

pluming in a cell and leaf?



Topic 3

03:20-03:50 How to expedite the photosynthesis synthetic biology to

maximize its impact?


Topic 4

04:10-04:40 Panel discussion with leading experts answering any

questions from participants

04:40-05:10 Symposium close

06:00-08:00 Dinner (Meilan Restaurant, The 3rd floor in hotel)

Friday, August 10, 2018: Symposium Adjourn

Morning

07:00-09:00 Breakfast (Western Restaurant, The first floor in hotel)

09:00-12:00 Checkout and Return

13

Abstracts of

Invited Talks

14

Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency for Improved Crop Yield

Donald R. Ort

Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences & Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA

Abstract: Feeding the world’s current population already requires 15% of the total net

primary productivity of the globe’s land area and that will need to increase to 25% in order

to meet the projected increase in agricultural demand this century. This near doubling of food

production will have to be accomplished on globally declining acreage and during a time in

which there will be ever increasing demand on cultivated lands for the production of

bioenergy crops, while in the face of a changing global environment that has already resulted

in decreasing global yield of some of the world’s most important food crops. The yield

potential of crops is determined by their efficiency of capturing available light energy (i),

the efficiency of converting intercepted light into biomass (c), and the proportion of biomass

partitioned into grain (η). The remarkable yield gains of the Green Revolution in the middle

of the 20th century resulted from plant breeders bringing η and i for major crops close to

their theoretical maxima, leaving improved photosynthetic efficiency as the only yield

determinant with sufficient capacity to double crop productivity. Opportunities to improve

photosynthetic efficiency exist in readapting photosynthesis to the rapid changes in

atmospheric composition and temperature, in redesigning photosynthesis for agricultural

production and in applying synthetic biology to bypass evolutionary limitations and

inefficiencies in photosynthesis.

Key words: Yield potential, net primary productivity, evolutionary limitations

15

Respiratory Metabolism during Photosynthesis

Kevin L. Griffin

Departments of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology,

Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA

Abstract: Total plant CO2 fixation by photosynthesis is not a sufficient basis to predict

growth or ecosystem carbon cycling since respiration and other metabolic processes must

also be considered. Recent estimates conclude that neglecting these may underestimate the

yield from a given amount of CO2 assimilated by up to 30%. Furthermore, respiration plays

a supports nutrient assimilation which often occurs in illuminated leaves. Unfortunately,

modelling and predicting the carbon flux from day respiration remains a difficult exercise.

Moreover, independently determining the rates of photosynthesis and respiration in the light

is a fundamental challenge in plant physiology. We have developed a new method to

accurately measure gross and net oxygen production as a routine gas exchange measurement

with isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The results will be discussed in the context of

evaluating the technique presented as a unique tool to study and understand leaf

physiological traits. I will then briefly consider the ecological implications of the inhibition

of respiration in the light on carbon exchange from arctic ecosystems as measured by eddy

co-variance.

Key words: Respiration, oxygen isotopes, pyruvate dehydrogenase, DCMU

16

Mesophyll CO2 Conductance in C3 and C4 plants

Asaph B. Cousins

School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

Abstract: Diffusional limitations to carbon dioxide (CO2) movement into and within a leaf

results in reduced CO2 availability at the site of carboxylation and can therefore limit rates

of photosynthesis. The initial resistance of CO2 movement by stomata from the leaf surface

to the intercellular air spaces is well characterized and is known to strongly influence rates

of photosynthesis. However, within the leaf CO2 must further diffuse to the site of the initial

site of carboxylation, often referred to as mesophyll CO2 conductance (gm). In C3 plants the

initial carboxylation occurs within the mesophyll chloroplast via Rubisco and in C4 plants

this occurs in the mesophyll cytoplasm by PEP carboxylase. Measurements of gm show that

it varies between species and responds to short-term changes in measurement temperatures.

Data will be presented on how changes in cell wall properties influence gm and comparisons

in the temperature response of gm in C3 and C4 plants.

Key words: Mesophyll CO2 conductance, C3 and C4 photosynthesis, Cell walls

17

Variations of C4 Photosynthetic Pathways and Their

Physiological Significance

Yu Wang

Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1206 West

Gregory Drive, MC-195 Urbana, IL 61801 USA

Abstract: With a CO2 concentrating mechanism, C4 photosynthesis has higher energy use

efficiency than C3 photosynthesis. Historically C4 photosynthesis is classified into three

subtypes based on the main decarboxylation enzymes. However, recent experimental and

theoretical studies suggest that C4 pathways could be mainly categorized into two subtypes,

i.e. NAD-ME or NADP-ME subtypes with PEPCK as supplemental decarboxylases. The

CO2 concentrating mechanism of C4 photosynthesis requires a coordination of metabolic and

anatomical features. Besides differences in metabolism, NADP-ME and NAD-ME subtypes

have specialized leaf anatomies. However, the major physiological significance of

coordination between metabolic and anatomical features has not been systematically

evaluated. To quantify the impact of each features, we developed a generic dynamic systems

model of C4 photosynthesis where three different decarboxylases are represented

simultaneously together with variations of leaf anatomical and photosystem features. This

model can be degenerated to form different modes of C4 photosynthesis with different

combinations of decarboxylation pathways and anatomies. With this model, we show that

centrifugal chloroplast location and existence of cell wall suberin in bundle sheath cell are

required to gain high photosynthetic rate in monocot NADP-ME type C4 photosynthesis. In

contrast, neither chloroplast location nor existence of suberin is obligated to gain high

photosynthetic rate in NAD-ME type C4 photosynthesis. That is, natural combinations of

anatomical and metabolic features in monocot NADP-ME and NAD-ME plants confer

advantage in terms of photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates. It suggests that the typical

combinations reflect a certain degree of optimization for CO2 uptake, and different

combinations of anatomical and biochemical features can achieve to similarly high

photosynthetic rates.

Keyword: C4 Photosynthesis, energy use efficiency, three decarboxylation pathways, bundle

sheath chloroplast location, suberin

18

Re-engineering the Carbon Shuttle Pathway in Setaria viridis

Thomas P. Brutnell

College of Agronomic Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural

University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China

Abstract: Setaria viridis is rapidly emerging as the premier model system for studies of C4

photosynthesis in the grasses. With a rapid life cycle of just 6 to 8 weeks, a short stature that

is similar to A. thaliana and relatively simple growth requirements, S. viridis is an attractive

system for conducting forward and reverse genetic screens to probe the genetic networks

underlying the function and regulation of C4 photosynthesis. To exploit Setaria as a model

system, we have been developing a number of genetic and genomics tools, methods and

resources for the community. Here I will present on methods we have developed to rapidly

identify candidate genes underlying phenotypes of interest and to identify putative rate

limiting steps in C4 photosynthesis through cross-species selection scans. I will also discuss

new methods and approaches to engineering synthetic circuits in plants and discuss how

these methods could be applied to altering metabolic flux in a C4 system as well as

engineering C4 traits into C3 systems.

Key words: C4 photosynthesis, genetics, synthetic biology, genomics, trait development

19

Engineering Photorespiration: A Synthetic Biology Approach to

Improving Crop Productivity

Paul F. South1,2 Amanda P. Cavanagh2 Helen W. Liu2, Donald R. Ort1,2

1 USDA-ARS Photosynthesis Research Unit, 2 Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois,

Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA

Abstract: Worldwide nearly 1 billion people are affected by hunger every day. As climate

changes globally and human population increases, traditional methods of crop improvement

have become less effective in adapting and improving agricultural production. In C3 crops

such as wheat and rice approximately 25% of the fixed carbon dioxide is lost to

photorespiration. Photorespiration is an energy expensive metabolic pathway that recycles

toxic compounds produced by RubisCO oxygenation reactions. Reducing photorespiratory

yield losses by 5% (i.e., to 31% for soybean and 15% for wheat) would be worth millions

annually. Although photorespiration is tied to other important metabolic functions, the

benefit of improving its efficiency appears to outweigh any potential secondary

disadvantages. Synthetic biology has provided new opportunities in altering photorespiratory

metabolism to improve photosynthetic efficiency. Indeed, metabolic bypasses to

photorespiration have been generated and have demonstrated improvements in growth.

Using a synthetic biology approach, we have assembled a series of multigene constructs that

contain alternate metabolic pathways to photorespiration. In addition, we designed a screen-

based approach to test a range of standardized parts (promoters, terminators) in the model

plant Nicotiana tabacum. We have successfully transformed in large multigene constructs

and have demonstrated metabolic alternatives to photorespiration with significant

improvements in biomass in replicated greenhouse and field trails. Determining robust

alternative photorespiratory pathways can provide insight into next generation crops and our

utilization of standard parts provide a new tool kit for plant synthetic biology to engineer

improvements in photosynthetic efficiency.

Key words: Photorespiration, glycolate, multi-gene construct design, golden gate cloning

20

Modeling C4 Photosynthesis and Moonlighting in CAM

Andrea Bräutigam

Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany

Abstract: Construction of models for metabolic pathways allow studying the

interconnections between phenotypes and metabolic types and the evolution of metabolic

pathways. I will present three modeling approaches which represent different concepts to

modeling carbon concentration pathways and their application to theoretically test

hypotheses. Kinetic modeling of the C4 cycle is used to elucidate the metabolic root of

chloroplast dimorphism. Stoichiometric modeling probes the origin of the C4 cycle and the

evolutionary choice of decarboxylation enzyme. Schematic models trace CAM back to the

synthesis of carbon backbones for amino acid synthesis in C3 species. I will present the

construction rational for the models, detail the hypotheses that we tested, and present the

conclusions for each of the models.

Key words: Modeling, chloroplast dimorphism, evolution of CCMs

21

How to Build a Carboxysome: Progress and Future Challenges

to Constructing Functional Carboxysomes in the Chloroplast

Ben Long

Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, College of Science,

The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia

Abstract: The inclusion of a cyanobacterial CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C3

plant chloroplasts is a long-term goal predicted to significantly enhance photosynthetic

efficiency and yield. The system is bipartite, having an obligatory requirement for stromal

bicarbonate accumulation by protein pumps, and a specialized compartment for Rubisco

known as the carboxysome. The carboxysomes is a proteinaceous ‘organelle’ with a

selectively porous protein shell encapsulating high catalytic turnover Rubisco enzymes.

Carboxysome biogenesis is complicated, requiring the coordinated expression of around a

dozen proteins in some cases, and their correct organization into a large, functional mega-

complex. In addition, there are two distinct types of carboxysomes encapsulating either

Form1A or Form1B Rubisco, each with their advantages and disadvantages. Noting that a

chloroplastic CCM is reliant primarily on raising the stromal bicarbonate concentration,

achieving the construction of a functional carboxysome in a C3 plant chloroplast to make use

of the bicarbonate pool is a complex engineering challenge. Progress toward the assembly

of carboxysomes in tobacco chloroplasts will be presented, and future directions discussed.

Keywords: Carboxysomes, Rubisco, CO2 concentrating mechanism, chloroplast

22

Electron Transport in C4 Plants

Maria Ermakova1, Furbank Robert1, 2, Susanne von Caemmerer1

1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra,

Australia. 2 CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, Australia

Abstract: Recent activities to improve photosynthetic performance in crop plants have

focused primarily on C3 photosynthesis where there are clear identified targets such as

improving Rubisco kinetics, installation of a CO2 concentrating mechanism and alleviating

limitations in chloroplast electron transport. However, C4 plants that utilize the C4

photosynthetic pathway also play a key role in world agriculture and strategies to manipulate

and enhance C4 photosynthesis thus have potential for major agricultural impacts. The C4

photosynthetic pathway is a biochemical CO2 concentrating mechanism that requires the

coordinated functioning of mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath cells (BS) of leaves and species

have evolved a complex blend of anatomy and biochemistry to achieve this. Chloroplast

electron transport in C4 plants is shared between these two cell types and the diversity of

thylakoid protein complexes of each cell type is defined by the requirements of the metabolic

sub-type of C4 photosynthesis. Our recent work with the model monocot C4 species Setaria

viridis (green foxtail millet) and transgenic S.viridis plants with altered amount of

cytochrome (Cyt) b6f complex demonstrates the link between electron transport capacity of

the leaves and CO2 assimilation. Overexpression of the Cyt b6f in both M and BS allows

higher rates of assimilation in transgenic plants without affecting Rubisco content. However,

increasing the amount of the Cyt b6f only in M, surprisingly, leads to a reduced rate of CO2

assimilation at low CO2. We link this observation to measurements of electron transport

components and light harvesting capacity of BS.

Keywords: Electron transport, C4 plants, photosynthesis

23

Lessons from Synthetic Engineering of Carbon Fixation

Ron Milo

Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

Abstract: Can a heterotrophic organism be evolved to synthesize biomass directly from CO2?

In this talk, I demonstrate how a combination of rational metabolic rewiring, recombinant

expression and laboratory evolution has led to the biosynthesis of sugars and other major

biomass constituents, by a fully functional Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in E. coli. I will

describe the genetic basis for the adaptation of E. coli to sugar synthesis from CO2. We find

that only five mutations are sufficient to enable robust growth. All mutations are found either

in enzymes that affect the efflux of intermediates from the autocatalytic CO2 fixation cycle

towards biomass (prs, serA, pgi), or in key regulators of carbon metabolism (crp, ppsR).

Using suppressor analysis, we show that a decrease in catalytic capacity is a common feature

of all mutations found in enzymes. These findings highlight the enzymatic constraints that

are essential to the metabolic stability of autocatalytic cycles and can be relevant to future

efforts in constructing non-native carbon-fixation pathways.

Key words: Carbon fixation, auto-catalytic cycles, synthetic biology, Rubisco,

24

Reconstitution of the Cyanobacterial Carbon Concentrating

Mechanism in Rice Chloroplasts to Improve Yield

Page M T1, Qu M2, Perveen S2, Hanson M R3, Zhu X2, Lin M T3, Orr D J1,

Carmo-Silva E1 and Parry M A J1

1 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK

2 Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, USA

Abstract: The challenge of feeding the world in the face of climate change requires

innovative ways of improving crop production. We are using a synthetic biology approach

to improve the assimilation of carbon from atmospheric CO2 by Rubisco. This enzyme

evolved around 3 billion years ago under very different atmospheric conditions. Its catalytic

properties, particularly the competing oxygenation of the substrate RuBP, limit

photosynthesis in higher plants in today’s atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and O2.

Cyanobacteria have evolved a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) which serves to

concentrate CO2 around Rubisco, mimicking the primitive atmosphere and allowing

cyanobacteria to utilize a Rubisco that performs carboxylation at much faster rates and

requires less investment in Rubisco. Modelling suggests that introducing the cyanobacterial

‘carboxysome’ micro-compartment into higher plants alongside other CCM components

may improve carbon assimilation by as much as 60%. We have previously introduced a faster

cyanobacterial Rubisco and components of the carboxysome shell into the model plant

tobacco. We now aim to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of rice by engineering the

essential components of a functional cyanobacterial CCM into rice chloroplasts. We have

employed the Golden Gate modular cloning system (‘MoClo’) to build a large library of

parts including promoters, transit peptides, terminators, fluorescent tags, and the

cyanobacterial carboxysome genes. We have coupled this cloning system, which enables the

rapid assembly of multigene expression cassettes, to a high-throughput transient expression

assay in rice protoplasts. We have then exploited this complete design-build-test cycle to

confirm chloroplast targeting of carboxysome components through confocal microscopy, and

to examine the effect of altering the ratio of carboxysome components on protein aggregation.

In addition, we have assembled and tested a plasmid with ten expression cassettes to express

all essential carboxysome genes. Promising plasmids from the design-build-test cycle have

been used to generate stably transformed rice, and the resulting plants are expected to have

substantially higher yields and show improvements in both water and nitrogen use

efficiencies.

Key words: Carboxysome, Cyanobacteria, rice, tobacco, MoClo

25

Novel Insights into the Regulation of C4 Photosynthesis

Susanne von Caemmerer1, Jasper Pengelly1, Florence Danila1, Maria

Ermakova1, Hannah L Osborn1, Hugo Alonso-Cantabrana1, Rosemary

White1,2, Robert T Furbank1

1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra,

Australia; 2 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australia

Abstract: High photosynthetic rates of C4 plants are due to a biochemical CO2 concentrating

mechanism that requires coordination of leaf mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells.

The complexity of this cellular specialisation has hindered our understanding and prevented

the development of strategies to improve photosynthetic rates of C4 species. We have used

molecular techniques to study this regulation and generated a number of transgenic plants in

Flaveria bidentis (a C4 dicot) and Setaria viridis (a C4 monocot) where the photosynthetic

metabolism has been altered with RNAi, antisense or overexpression constructs to silence

or enhance expression of various photosynthesis-related genes. We have used tuneable diode

laser absorption spectroscopy to make concurrent measurements of carbon isotope

discrimination and gas exchange to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll

and bundle sheath interaction. High C4 photosynthetic rates require high metabolic fluxes

between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, through interconnecting plasmodesmata (PD),

to support the C4 biochemical CO2 pump. We have developed a new quantitative technique,

which combines scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and three-dimensional (3D)

immunolocalisation in intact leaf tissues to quantify plasmodesmatal (PD) density on

mesophyll bundle sheath cell interfaces. Our quantitative data are essential for modelling

studies and guide the development of synthetic biology strategies to manipulate and enhance

leaf photosynthesis in C4 species. They also underpin our understanding of the key

components needed to build C4 rice.

Key words: Flaveria bidentis, Setaria viridis, carbon isotope discrimination,

Plasmodesmata, scanning electron microscopy, 3D immunolocalisation.

26

Probing Cellular Redox Metabolism Using Genetically Encoded

Fluorescent Sensors

Yi Yang1,2

1 State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for

Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237,

China. 2 CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China

Abstract: Oxidation-reduction reactions are not only central for cell metabolism, but also

integral components of cellular signaling and cell fate decision. Cellular redox states are

mainly governed by pyridine nucleotides (NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+), thiols and

reactive oxygen species (ROS), which form a complex network of interactions. It remained

challenging for many years to study cell redox metabolic states in situ and in real time. To

visualize their homeostasis and dynamics spatiotemporally, we and other groups developed

genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for NADH, the NADH/NAD+ ratio, NAD+, NADPH

and NADP+. Among them, the Frex, SoNar and iNap sensors are intensely fluorescent,

rapidly responsive genetically encoded sensors of wide dynamic range, which respond to

subtle perturbations of various pathways of energy metabolism in real-time. The Frex sensors

can be targeted to subcellular organelles and can be used to quantitate NADH concentrations

inside living cells, while SoNar and iNap sensors can be used or to track NAD+/NADH redox

states or NADPH level in living cells and in vivo. These genetically encoded sensor-based

metabolic screening could serve as a valuable approach for metabolism studies and drug

discovery.

Key words: Genetically encoded sensor, redox, live cell imaging, NADH, NADPH

27

Flux Analysis of Arabidopsis Primary Metabolism

Fangfang Ma1,2, Doug K. Allen3,4

1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018,

China; 2 College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’An,

Shandong, 271018, China; 3 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA; 4 United

States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, MO, USA

Abstract: A quantitative description of intracellular carbon fluxes via stable isotope labeling

and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) holds unique advantages in identifying pathway

bottlenecks and unfolding network regulation in biological systems, especially those that

have been engineered to alter their native metabolism. Isotopically nonstationary 13C

metabolic flux analysis (13C-INST-MFA), which is based on transient 13C labeling studies at

metabolic steady state, provides a comprehensive platform to quantify plant cellular

phenotypes. Being able to describe the full mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) of

measured metabolites, this approach does not require direct measurements of pool sizes and

offers better flux resolution. Especially for autotropic tissues like leaves which cannot

maintain a metabolic steady-state for more than 12 hr, 13C-INST-MFA is a necessity for flux

estimation whereas uniform steady-state 13C-labeling is rather uninformative. Here I will

present the application of 13C-INST-MFA in quantifying Arabidopsis primary metabolism

responding to environmental (light and CO2) and/or genotypical perturbations. This strategy

allows us to comprehensively estimate a total of 136 fluxes including Calvin cycle,

photorespiration, sucrose and starch synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino

acid biosynthetic fluxes. Our working hypothesis based upon our past studies in other plant

tissues is that integrative systems approaches are required to quantify the global impact of

specific perturbations on metabolic pathway fluxes and to guide further rounds of metabolic

engineering. Details such as the transient 13CO2 labeling of leaf tissue, sample handling,

mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of isotopic labeling data, and the computational flux

estimation using INST-MFA will be covered.

Key words: Metabolic flux analysis, 13C-labeling, primary metabolism, isotopomer

modeling

28

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Rice Photosynthesis

Yi Xiao

Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Abstract: Quantitative understanding to the impacts of biochemical and anatomical factors

is a key step of engineering a leaf photosynthesis system. The eleaf model, which is a highly

automatic three-dimensional (3D) mechanistic model of leaf photosynthesis, was developed

including a module of 3D reconstruction of leaf anatomy based on experimental data, a

module of light propagation simulating the non-uniform light environment inside the leaf, a

module of CO2 reaction-diffusion simulating the non-uniform CO2 environment inside the

leaf, and a module of photosynthetic metabolism which can either be a Farquhar-von

Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) type of empirical model or a complex kinetic model such as Zhu

et al., 2007. Moreover, an extended FvCB framework of leaf photosynthesis was derived to

facilitate a mechanistic understanding of simulations or comparison studies from eleaf. This

new framework introduced six additional variables to the original FvCB model during the

calculation of leaf photosynthesis rate. Those variables represent the influence from the non-

uniform photosynthetic status of different cells and the coordination between profiles of light

absorptance, CO2, Vmax and Jmax. Oryza sativa IR64 grown under ambient CO2 (AC) and

elevated CO2 (EC) was modeled and compared with the new model and framework.

Photosynthesis metabolism plays a major role to the altered leaf physiology of higher net

photosynthesis rate. In addition, various anatomical factors also play significant impacts to

the altered leaf physiology, such as leaf thickness, vein density, mesophyll cell size,

chlorophyll amount. Although it seems not all of them contribute a positive effect to higher

photosynthesis rate, but their contributions to leaf photosynthesis are possibly mainly

achieved by regulating two physiological processes, which are 1) the coordination between

profile of Jmax; 2) the photosynthetic status of cells inside the leaf.

Key words: Photosynthesis, rice, 3D model, elevated CO2

29

Understanding and Manipulating Metabolic Fluxes in

Cyanobacteria

Chen Yang

CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032,

China.

Abstract: Cyanobacteria are excellent models for studies of photosynthetic metabolism as

they lack the extensive compartmentalization of eukaryotes but retain much of the conserved

core of central metabolism. Understanding of how cyanobacteria adjust their metabolic

fluxes to enable adaptation to changes in nitrogen supply may help to improve nitrogen use

efficiency in plants. Recently, by combining dynamic 15N and 13C tracers, metabolomics, and

mathematical modeling approaches, we unraveled the mechanisms used by cyanobacteria to

cope with sudden nitrogen availability, leading to identification of an active ornithine-

ammonia cycle (OAC) in cyanobacteria. The pathway starts with carbamoyl phosphate

synthesis by the bacterial and plant type, glutamine-dependent enzyme and ends with

conversion of arginine to ornithine and ammonia by a novel arginine dihydrolase. We

demonstrated that the OAC allows rapid remobilization of nitrogen reserves upon starvation

and high rate of nitrogen assimilation and storage once the nutrient is available. Thus, the

OAC serves as a conduit in the nitrogen storage and remobilization machinery in

cyanobacteria and enables cellular adaptation to nitrogen fluctuations. Based on quantitative

knowledge of in vivo intracellular fluxes, we engineered the cyanobacterium Synechococcus

elongates to produce isoprene that is a key building block of synthetic rubber and currently

produced entirely from petrochemical sources. The engineered strain directed about 40% of

photosynthetically fixed carbon toward the isoprene biosynthetic pathway, resulting in the

production of 1.26 g L-1 of isoprene from CO2, which is a significant increase for terpenoid

production by photoautotrophic organisms. The constructed strains can be used to construct

a photoautotrophic cell factory for the production of diverse terpenoids from CO2.

Key words: Metabolic flux, cyanobacteria, terpenoid

30

Metabolite Flux Analysis in Maize

Stéphanie Arrivault

Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm,

Germany

Abstract: In plants performing C4 photosynthesis CO2 is incorporated into 4-carbon

metabolites in the mesophyll cells (MC) which move to the bundle sheath cells (BSC) where

they are decarboxylated to concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO. Historically C4 plants have

been classified into three biochemical subtypes based on the main enzyme involved in 4-

carbon metabolite decarboxylation: NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NAD-malic enzyme

or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). However, this is now recognized to be an

over-simplification as more than one decarboxylation pathway can operate in parallel within

the same leaf. Leaves of maize, which is classically considered to be an NADP-ME subtype

species, were supplied with 13CO2, quenched at various time intervals and mass

spectrometric methods used to determine the incorporation of 13C into 35 metabolites. These

included proposed intercellular transport metabolites (e.g. malate, aspartate, pyruvate,

alanine, phosphoenolpyruvate), as well as intermediates and products of the Calvin-Benson

cycle (CBC), tricarboxylic acid cycle, sucrose and starch synthesis, photorespiration and

amino acid metabolism. In addition, we obtained fractions enriched in MC and BSC from

13CO2-labelled material to determine intercellular distributions and concentration gradients

of metabolites. These analyses confirmed there is a concentration gradient of malate that can

drive diffusion from the MC to the BSC for decarboxylation by NADP-ME. They also

revealed intercellular concentration gradients of aspartate, alanine and phosphenolpyruvate

that could drive the metabolite transport associated with a PEPCK subtype shuttle, and that

it carries 10-14% of the carbon into the BSC in maize. There is also rapid carbon exchange

between the CBC and the CO2 concentrating shuttles, equivalent to about 10% of carbon

gain. We postulate that the presence of multiple shuttles, alongside carbon transfer between

them and the CBC, confers great flexibility in C4 photosynthesis, allowing maize to adjust

its photosynthetic metabolism in response to changes in light, temperature, nitrogen status

or other environmental factors.

Key words: Photosynthesis, maize, 13CO2 labelling kinetic

31

Abstracts of

Posters

32

No.01

Effect of Different Metals (Lead and Zinc) on Chlorophyll

Fluorescence in Black Gram and its Partial Recovery by

Brassinosteroid

Alok Srivastava, V.P. Singh

Department of Plant Science, M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly U.P.

Abstract: The matle stress is found to induce negative influence on chlorophyll and

photosynthesis and it is recently found that plant growth regulators can mitigate these

negative impacts. A comparative study of effects of exposure to high lead (200 mg/kg-1) and

Zinc (400mg/kg) treatments have significantly retarded the growth of black gram plants

grown hydroponicaly, even at seven days both the metals inhibited the growth of plants by

about 40%. The CO2 assimilation was also significantly retarded. The chlorophyll a

fluorescence analysis showed that electron transport process was disturbed by this metal.

The inactivation of some parts of PS II was the main cause of these retardations. The

spescificity of mode of action of these matels showed that lead is more sensitive as compared

to Zinc. Although the mode of action of both the matels was found same. The use of

brassinosteroid (1ppm) significantly recovered the inibitions. The target molecule of this

regulator was BZR1 which was found to directly bind to the promoter reasons.

Key words: Metals (Lead and Zinc), chlorophyll fluorescence, black gram, brassinosteroid

33

No.02

Differential Responses of Mesophyll Conductance to

Temperature at Three Different O2 Concentrations in Rice

Plants

Guanjun Huang, Yong Li

Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle

Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural

University, Wuhan, China

Abstract: Understanding the temperature response of mesophyll conductance (gm) is of

great importance for both photosynthesis models and crop production, especially with the

current global-warming climate. The temperature response of gm has been studied in many

plant species, but the underlying mechanisms are yet well known. Proteins, such as

aquaporins, are suggested to involve in this process (Bernacchi et al., 2002; Flexas et al.,

2008). A two-component model, which divides the mesophyll resistance into liquid and

membrane phases, are proposed to intercept the species-specific temperature responses

(Evans and von Caemmerer, 2013; von Caemmerer and Evans, 2015). Apparent gm is

recently hypothesized to be related to (photo)respiration (Tholen et al., 2012; Xiao and Zhu,

2017; Yin and Struik, 2017), which is temperature dependent. In the present study,

temperature response of gm was measured at three different O2 concentrations (10%, 21%

and 40%) in rice plants, to verify the hypothesis of the function of (photo)respiration on gm

and to investigate whether the effects of (photo)respiration on gm is temperature dependent.

The results showed that: (1) there was no significant difference for gm among three different

O2 conditions when leaf temperature (Tleaf) is no more than 25℃, when Tleaf ≥ 30℃, however,

gm at 40% O2 condition was significant lower than those at both 10% and 21% O2 treatments;

(2) in comparison with 10% O2, gm at 21% and 40% O2 was 14.3% and 42.9%, respectively,

less sensitive to temperature. This suggested that (photo)respiration has a great impact on gm,

especially at high temperature, and its response to temperature. Further researches should be

conducted to investigate whether leaf anatomy, such as chloroplast surface area, can impact

the function of (photo)respiration on gm.

Keywords: Mesophyll conductance, temperature, (photo)respiration

34

No.03

Cyclic Flectron Flow Can Protect PSII Against Photoinhibition

in Rice Following Heat Stress

Jemaa Essemine, Mingnan Qu, Genyun Chen, Xinguang Zhu

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road,

Shanghai 200032, China

Abstract: In a screening study performed in our lab on a global rice minicore panel, we have

identified two rice accessions characterized by their differential natural capacities in driving

cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI; i.e., low CEF (lcef) and high CEF (hcef) for C4023

and Q4149, respectively. A quick down-regulation in the PSI activity compared to that of

PSII has been reported following short-term heat stress in these two rice lines. Our results

demonstrated likewise that although the quick down-regulation of PSI; these two rice lines

have different protection mechanisms to photosystem II from photodamage under heat stress.

We observed a stepwise alteration in the shape of Chl a fluorescence induction (OJIP) with

increasing temperature treatment. The effect of 44°C treatment on the damping in Chl a

fluorescence was more pronounced in C4023 than in Q4149. We recorded as well a

disruption in the I-step, a decline in the Fv due to a strong damping in the Fm and a slight

increase in the F0. Normalized data demonstrate that I-step seems more susceptible to 44°C

in C4023 than in Q4149. We measured also the redox states of plastocyanin (PC) and P700

by monitoring the transmission changes at 820 nm (I820) and observed a disruption in the

oxidation/reduction kinetics of PC and P700. The decline in the amplitude of their oxidation

is shown to be about 29% and 13% for C4023 and Q4149, respectively. The electropotential

component (Δφ) of ms-DLE appears more sensitive to temperature stress than the chemical

component (ΔpH) and the impact of heat was more obvious and drastic in C4023 than in

Q4149. Under heat stress, we noticed a concomitant decline in the primary photochemistry

of PSII and in both the membrane energization process and the lumen protonation for both

accessions and it’s evident that heat affects more these parameters in C4023 than in Q4149.

All these data suggest that higher CEF may provide higher photoprotection to PSII in rice

leaves, which can be a desirable trait during rice breeding especially in the context of a

“warming” world.

Key words: Cyclic electron flow, fluorescence induction, heat stress, photoinhibition,

photosynthesis, rice

35

No.04

Seasonal Variations of Sun-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence

from Leaf to Canopy Level and its Relations with Plant Traits

for Paddy Rice

Ji Li1, Yongguang Zhang1,2*, Qian Zhang1, Zhaohui Li1,

Jing Li1, Jingming Chen1

1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International

Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China

2 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and

Application, 210023 Nanjing, China

* Corresponding author, phone: +86-25-89681569, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) was the most potential probe of the

ecosystem photosynthesis. The consistency of SIF at leaf and canopy scales is an important

prerequisite of indicating photosynthesis with SIF at multiple scales. The correlations among

SIF, steady state fluorescence (Fs), maximum carboxylation rate of photosynthesis (Vcmax)

and chlorophyll content (Chla+b) are of great significance for understanding the mechanism

of relationships between SIF and photosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the

consistency of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at leaf and canopy scales, and the

relationships between SIF and leaf traits (mainly Vcmax, Chla+b) throughout the growing

season based on the field measurements in a rice paddy. The rice growing season was divided

into two stages (Stage-I and Stage-II) with the flowering period as the boundary. The results

showed that, (i) SIF and Fs had significant consistency on the seasonal scale, especially in

Stage-II; SIF at leaf and canopy scales showed significant consistency in Stage-II; (ii) the

correlations between SIF and Chla+b (Vcmax) differed during Stage-I and Stage-II; (iii)

canopy structure dominated the difference of the relationships between SIF and leaf traits at

different scales, and the relationships between SIF and leaf traits affects the seasonal

estimation of photosynthesis based on SIF. These results made it possible for accurate

estimation of photosynthesis using SIF at multiple scales.

Key words: Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, consistency, Vcmax, leaf chlorophyll

content, Anthesis stage, different scales

36

No.05

Sensitive Response of Chloroplast Size to Leaf Nitrogen Content

at the Tillering Stage Resulted in the Decreased Photosynthetic

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (PNUE) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plant

Limin Gao

Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center

for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste

Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

Abstract: Previous studies demonstrated the decreased Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use

Efficiency (PNUE) under high nitrogen (N) supply was resulted from enlarged chloroplast

in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. To investigate the response of chloroplast size to nitrogen

supply at different rice growth stage and its role in regulating PNUE, pot experiments were

conducted with different nitrogen supply amounts. Our results showed the PNUE increased

with rice growth process and decreased with rising leaf N content, the most significant

differences among different growth stages in leaf N partitioning was observed in restored N,

which was positively correlated with Rubisco content. Both the gt/Rubisco and Cc/Rubisco

were significantly lower at the tillering stage than any other later stages. Besides, the

chloroplast surface area per leaf area (Sch) was significantly higher at the tillering stage,

during which the variation in Sch was much more sensitive to leaf N content. Therefore, we

concluded that the sensitive response of Sch to leaf N content at the tillering stage than other

stages resulted in the decreased gt/Rubisco and Cc/Rubisco, which was unable to satisfied

the carboxylation demand of Rubisco and induced the decreased PNUE ultimately.

Key words: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), chloroplast, leaf nitrogen content, photosynthetic

nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE)

37

No.06

Synthesis of Structural Carboxysomes in Tobacco Chloroplasts

WeiYih Hee

RIPE Lab, Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Linnaeus Building 134, Linnaeus Way,

Australian National University,Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Abstract: One promising approach to increasing photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield is

to incorporate the cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) into crop plant

chloroplasts. Our studies focus on the structural formation of carboxysomes, one component

of the bipartite CCM, within tobacco chloroplasts. Formation of structural and functional

carboxysomes requires coordinated expression of around a dozen proteins, highlighting that

their transgenic construction is a complex engineering task. In this study, we successfully

synthesised simplified carboxysomes, derived from the source organism Cyanobium, within

tobacco chloroplasts. We replaced the endogenous Rubisco large subunit gene with a gene

cassette expressing cyanobacterial Form-1A Rubisco large and small subunits, and two key

α-carboxysome structural proteins, CsoS1A and CsoS2. Our results demonstrate the first

evidence of plant growth dependent on Form-1A Rubisco, as well as the successful

encapsulation of this Rubisco in chloroplastic carboxysomes. Technical detail and analysis

of transgenic carboxysomes is presented.

Key words: Carboxysomes, tobacco, chloroplasts, synthesis

38

No.07

Response of Photosynthetic Efficiency and NPQ based

Photoprotection of Rice Plants Grown under Different LED

Light Wavelength (Red, Blue and White)

Saber Hamdani, Naveed Khan, Shahnaz Perveen, Mingnan Qu, Jianjun

Jiang, Xinguang Zhu

State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science,

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Abstract: Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) plays major role in regulating

photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants. Effect of light intensity on NPQ related

photoprotection has already been investigated comprehensively. However, the impact of

light quality on NPQ is scarce. Here, we studied how different wavelength of light (red, blue

and white) influences NPQ in rice using chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement together

with transcription analysis. Our results show that both blue and red light induced a

significantly higher NPQ accompanied by a cost of significant decrease in PSII quantum

efficiency as compared to white light. Furthermore, we found significant decrease in both

catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) transcript under blue and red light,

accompanied by an impairment of H2O2 detoxification. This suggest, plants grow under

monochromatic light may compromise its antioxidant system. Therefore, higher NPQ

capacity may also reflect the deficiency of the antioxidant system to cope with high light

stress. Our study also put a light on an additional role of white light that it may play for

effective photosynthesis in nature, however, this needs to be further investigated.

Key words: Antioxidant system, effective quantum yield of PSII, light quality, non-

photochemical quenching (NPQ), rice (Oryza sativa L.)

39

No.08

The Photosynthetic Responses of Panicum antidotale under

Salinity, Drought and Combination of both Stresses

Tabassum Hussain1, 2, Xiaojing Liu1

1 Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China

2 Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan

Abstract: The combination of salt and drought is one of the common co-occurring stress

factors in arid and semi-arid areas. The present study was designed to mimic such conditions.

Panicum antidotale was grown in a green-house under treatments; control (without salt and

well-irrigated), salinity (100 and 300 mM NaCl), drought (30% irrigation) and combination

of salt and drought (100+D and 300+D: drought was achieved by 100 and 300 mM NaCl).

In general, all treatments caused a reduction in plant growth but 100 mM salinity remained

similar to control while 100+D stimulated biomass when compare to drought only. Drought

combination with high salinity couldn’t show positive relation as in low salinity but a slight

improvement in water relations. Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were

expressed differentially either under salt and drought alone or combination of both. The net

photosynthesis (Pn) and other related parameters [stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular

CO2 (Ci), transpiration (E), Rubisco carboxylase activity (Vcmax), maximum electron

transport (Jmax), and triose-phosphate utilization (TPU)] were declined, the most, at 300+D

as compare to control while 100+D performed better as compare to drought only. The

quantitative analyses of photosynthetic limitation factors revealed that the most limitation

was contributed by biochemical limitation (Lb) as compare to stomatal (Ls) and mesophyll

limitations (Lm). The Lm was also supported by thylakoid reactions (chlorophyll a

fluorescence parameters). It can be concluded that the combination of low salinity with

drought was minimized deleterious effects of drought alone but 300+D treatment caused a

synergetic stress effect. This study also illustrated the quantitative disentangling Lb of

photosynthesis over Ls although intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) was enhanced due to

Ls that demonstrate water conservation ability of Panicum under water-deficit conditions

either due to salinity, drought and/or combination of these.

Key words: Water deficit, salt resistance, combine stress, photosynthesis, halophyte

40

No.09

Cryo-EM Structure of Maize PSI-LHCI-LHCII Supercomplex

Xiaowei Pan, Jun Ma, Xiaodong Su, Wenrui Chang, Zhenfeng Liu,

Xinzheng Zhang, Mei Li

National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules,

Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Abstract: Photosynthesis is one of the most amazing chemical reactions in the planet. The

light-driven electron transport of photosynthesis is accomplished by photosystems I and II

(PSI and PSII). In the natural environment, the fluctuating illumination can cause unequal

excitation of the two photosystems due to the different light absorption properties of their

antenna systems. Balanced light harvesting is crucial for efficient photosynthesis, and plants

have evolved sophisticated regulatory mechanisms in order to optimize the photosynthetic

efficiency and to avoid photo-damage. State transitions are one of the short-term adaptation

mechanisms. During state transitions, the trimeric LHCII is reversibly phosphorylated and

de-phosphorylated, and migrates between the two photosystems. Under light conditions

favoring PSII excitation, over-excitation of PSII leads to the activation of LHCII kinase and

subsequent phosphorylation of the N-terminal region of LHCII. A portion of the

phosphorylated LHCIIs move laterally within the thylakoid membrane from PSII to PSI,

forming the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex, increasing energy transfer towards PSI core.

We solved the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of maize PSI-LHCI-LHCII

supercomplex at 3.3 Å resolution. Total of 21 protein subunits, 202 chlorophylls, 47

carotenoids and numerous other cofactors were identified in the final structure. Two PSI core

subunits (PsaN and PsaO) absent in the previously reported crystal structures were identified.

In addition, the phosphorylation site in LHCII was solved and the detailed interactions

between LHCII and PSI were revealed. The structure showed that PsaN and PsaO are at the

PSI-LHCI interface and the PSI-LHCII interface, respectively. Each subunit relays

excitation to PSI core through a pair of chlorophyll molecules, thus revealing previously-

unseen paths for energy transfer between the antennas and the PSI core.

Key words: Photosystem I, state transitions, structure

41

No.10

Low Level of HCO3- Content Involved in Drought Response in

Transgenic Rice with overexpression C4-PEPC

Zhang Jinfei1, 2, Li Xia1, *, Xie Yinfeng2

1 Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu

Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

2 College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China

*Corresponding author E-mail addresses: [email protected]

Abstract: Frequent occurrence of drought stress all over the world can lead to the stomata

closure in leaves of many plants, especially C3 plants such as rice and wheat, which affects

the flow of CO2 into plants and restricts growth and grain yield. C4-PEPC is a key enzyme

gene acting as “CO2 pump” to concentrate CO2 in C4 plant leaves and alleviate adverse

effects of stomatal closure on plant growth by HCO3-. Scientists have succeeded in

introducing the key photosynthetic gene of C4 plants into rice or other C3 plants with the

development of genetic engineering. The results showed that exogenous NaHCO3 can

enhance the drought response in PC rice lines with higher relative water content (RWC),

PEPC enzyme activity, PEPC gene expression and OsA1/2 (H-ATPase, OSA) gene

expression. On the contrary, drought treatment decreased the activities and gene expression

of the endogenous carbonic anhydrases (CA) such as bCA1/2 of two rice lines, but still

maintaining the higher level of PC lines as compared with WT. After the treatments of 100

μM exogenous carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide,

AZ) combined with 12% PEG, the difference in CA activities and the expression levels of

Os10g10470/Os12g03260 was eliminated between PC and WT plants. It is noteworthy that

the RWC of PC was still significantly higher than that of WT with higher levels of C4-PEPC

transcript and their protein content, and lower levels of SAPK9 as well after the same

treatment with AZ. The yeast two-hybrid test further confirmed that PEPC and SPAK9 had

no direct interaction. Moreover, treatments with AZ and 12% PEG6000 also eliminate the

difference of KAT1 (Arabidopsis K+ transporter 1 and KAT1) and SLAC genes expression

between PC and WT rice lines response to drought stress, indicated the drought response of

PC rice lines is independent of on the regulation of stomatal genes involved by the

endogenous carbon anhydrase. This study shown that PC was more sensitive to low level of

HCO3- content with the negative regulation of C4-PEPC gene and enzyme activity in rice

leaves, regulated stomatal movement, and conferred the drought tolerance of PC rice.

Key words: Rice, phosphate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, carbonic anhydrases,

SnRKs, drought response

mailto:[email protected]

42

No.11

Concerted Decreases in Leaf Photosynthesis and Hydraulic

Conductance under K Deficiency: Prominent Roles of

Mesophyll Conductance to CO2 and Outside-xylem Hydraulic

Conductance

Zhifeng Lu, Shiwei Guo

College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Abstract: Potassium (K) starvation due to routinely apply of unbalanced fertilizers generally

causes retardation in plant growth and yield losses. Typical symptoms of K deficiency,

characterized as chlorosis at leaf tips which gradually evolving into withered necrosis and

sprawling to the center, is concomitantly occurred with downregulated leaf photosynthesis

(A) and broken leaf water homeostasis. However, to date, little is known about the prominent

limiting factors and their underlying mechanisms with respect to the concerted decreases in

A and leaf hydraulic capacity under conditions of K depletion. In this study, dicotyledonous

(cucumber, rapeseed) and monocotylous crops (rice, wheat) were investigated by providing

an overview of the responses of leaf A and hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), as well as their

limitations and corelated anatomical determinants to three different K regimes under their

own growth conditions. Leaf total (VLA) and minor vein density (VLAminor) of monocot

species were improved under K deficiency, while opposite effects were observed in dicot

species. Potassium starvation concertedly limited leaf A and Kleaf, of which the former was

determined mainly by the mesophyll CO2 diffusion resistance (contributing to 50.9% of total

limitations), and the latter by outside-xylem hydraulic resistance (accounting for 60.2% of

enhanced resistance). Leaf A and Kleaf were closely related to anatomical traits (e.g. VLAminor

and the surface area of chloroplasts that exposing to intercellular airspaces), particularly

those in dicotyledonous crops. The two main components (i.e. gm and Kox) were tightly

coupled, ascribing to the shared pathways of CO2 and H2O transport. These results

emphasize the important role of K on the regulation of concerted changes of A and Kleaf by

modifications in leaf anatomy.

Key words: Leaf photosynthesis, leaf hydraulic conductance, mesophyll conductance, leaf

vein density

43

No.12

Engineering Photosynthesis by Altering Cell Division Patterns

in the Leaf

Andrew Fleming

Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

Abstract: The pattern of cell growth, division and separation during leaf development

determines the pattern and amount of airspace in a leaf. The resulting balance of cellular

material and airspace is expected to significantly influence the primary function of the leaf,

photosynthesis, yet the functional rules relating cell division pattern and separation, the

resultant airspace networks and photosynthetic performance remain largely unexplored at a

quantitative level. We have investigated the relationship of cell size and patterning, airspace

and photosynthesis by promoting and repressing the expression of cell cycle genes in the

leaf mesophyll. Using microCT imaging to quantify leaf cellular architecture and

fluorescence/gas exchange analysis to measure leaf function, we show that increased cell

density in the mesophyll of Arabidopsis can be used to increase leaf photosynthetic capacity.

Our analysis suggests this occurs both by increasing tissue density (decreasing the relative

amount of airspace) and by altering the pattern of airspace distribution within the leaf. A

deeper analysis of airspace networks sheds light on the trade-off between CO2 fixation and

water flux within the mesophyll and combining these approaches with computational

modelling of photosynthesis has allowed us to begin to identify structural parameters as

targets for improving leaf photosynthesis under future climate conditions. Overall, our

results indicate that cell division patterns influence the photosynthetic performance of a leaf

and that it is possible to engineer improved photosynthesis via this approach.

Key words: Photosynthesis, engineering, cell division, leaf

44

No.13

A Dynamic Model of Primary Metabolism in C3 Leaf

Honglong Zhao, Xinguang Zhu

Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China

Abstract: The interactions among photosynthesis, photorespiration, dark respiration and

nitrogen assimilation in illuminated C3 leaf has been discussed for near 100 years. With the

global changing climate and increasing population size in recent years, it becomes increasing

popular as these interactions are especially important for metabolism design and engineering

during crops improvement. To systematically investigate the interplay of carbon and nitrogen

metabolism in C3 photosynthetic cells, we are developing a kinetic model which contains

the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC), photorespiration (PR), gluconeogenesis-glycolysis (GL),

tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the nitrogen assimilation. Here, we are sharing the latest

progress of model construction. The primary metabolism model predicted the photosynthetic

rate, photorespiration flux, dark respiration and nitrogen assimilation rate in illuminated C3

leaf. The impacts of enzymatic shifting on metabolite concentration and metabolic fluxes in

silica were in consist with previous published data. These implied the potential application

of this model during photosynthesis and crop improvement by using synthetic biology in

future.

Key words: C3 photosynthesis, dynamic model, primary metabolism, metabolism

engineering, crop improvement

45

No.14

The Evolution of PPT1 and its Bidirectional Role in C4 Species

Ming-Ju Amy Lyu, Jianjun Jiang, Yaling Wang, Xinyu Liu, Xinguang Zhu



Abstract: PPT translocates PEP between cytosol and plastid and provides PEP as the

precursor for shikimate pathway in plant species. Moreover, PPT is an integral part in CO2

concentration mechanism in C4 species. Two paralogs of PPT are reported in Arabidopsis,

namely, PPT1 and PPT2, which show different tissue preferential expression. In C3 species,

both PPT1 and PPT2 contribute to importing PEP into plastid for shikimate pathway in leaf

with PPT2 dominant in mesophyll cells and PPT1 only in bundle sheath cells. However, in

C4 species, PPT1 dominantly expressed in leaf especially in M cells, and PEP is required to

be exported to cytosol from chloroplast to capture CO2, which in contrast to the demand in

transporting direction in C3 species. Nowadays, it's not clear how PPT1 was recruited to C4

photosynthesis during the evolution and whether PPT1 in C4 remains the function of

importing PEP to chloroplast. This study combines evolutionary comparison and transgenic

experiment and illustrated that: (1) PPT1 was the ancestral paralog and PPT2 was derived

copy in the viridsplantae, (2) PPT1 was recruited to C4 photosynthesis at initial stage of the

evolution of C4 photosynthesis, besides PPT1 showed higher variance in both transcript

abundance and protein along the evolution of C4 photosynthesis than PPT2. (3) Transgenic

experiment suggested that the C4 PPT1 is a bidirectional transporter.

Key words: PPT1, evolution, C4 photosynthesis, bidirectional

46

No.15

CO2 Control System Based on an Optimized Regulation Model

Pingping Xin, Jin Hu, Haihui Zhang

Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Mechanical and

Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Abstract: Existing carbon dioxide concentration control systems commonly use a

quantitative replenishment of CO2, without considering the effects of multiple environmental

factors on a plant’s photosynthetic rate and its characteristic impact on CO2 demand,

resulting in improper control of CO2 concentration. Accordingly, in this paper, a nested

combination experiment for the photosynthetic rate of cucumbers is presented. In order to

obtain a continuous carbon dioxide response curve, the photosynthetic rate prediction model

is established using the cucumber experimental data based on the support vector machine

algorithm. The network of the support vector machine photosynthetic rate prediction model

is used as an optimal objective function and the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is

employed to search for the saturation of CO2 in a multidimensional nesting condition.

Further, the optimal CO2 regulation model based on multi-factor coupling is established

using the results of the above-mentioned experiments. Moreover, XOR verification of the

proposed model showed that the maximal relative error of the proposed optimal CO2

regulation model is 3.898%. Consequently, using a wireless sensor network platform, a

multi-sensor fusion-based CO2 control system is realized and verified. The verification

showed that the average relative error between the target CO2 value and the actual CO2 value

is 2.88%. At the same time, the average photosynthetic rateof the crop increased by 26.94%

compared to the contrasting region, which proves that the proposed system can achieve a

stable and reliable operation, greatly improving the efficiency of the environment of the

facility

Key words: Carbon dioxide control system, optimal CO2 regulation model, photosynthetic

rate, verification

47

No.16

Systematic Optimization of Whole Plant Carbon Nitrogen

Interaction (WACNI) to Support Crop Design for Greater Yield

Tiangen Chang, Xinguang Zhu



Abstract: On the face of the rapid advances in genome editing technology and greatly

expanded knowledge on plant genome and genes, there is a strong demand to develop an

effective tool to guide designing crops for higher yields. Here we developed a highly

mechanistic model of Whole plAnt Carbon Nitrogen Interaction (WACNI), which predicts

crop yield based on major metabolic and biophysical processes in source, sink and transport

tissues. WACNI accurately predicted the yield responses of so far reported source, sink and

transport related genetic manipulations on rice grain yields. Systematic sensitivity analysis

with WACNI was used to classify the source, sink and transport related molecular processes

into four categories, i.e. universal yield enhancers, universal yield inhibitors, conditional

yield enhancers and weak yield regulators. Simulations using WACNI further show that even

without a major change in leaf photosynthetic properties, 54.6% to 73% grain yield increase

can be potentially achieved by optimizing these molecular processes during the rice grain

filling period while simply combining all the ‘superior’ molecular modules together cannot

achieve the optimal yield level. A common macroscopic feature in all these designed high-

yield lines is that they all show ‘a sustained and steady growth of grain sink’, which might

be used as a genetic selection criterion in high-yield rice breeding. Overall, WACNI can

serve as a tool to facilitate plant source sink interaction research and guide future crops

breeding by design.

Key words: Crop yields, grain filling, molecular breeding, source sink interaction

48

No.17

Identification and Expression of the Key Genes Involved in C4

Photosynthetic Pathway in Bread Wheat

Yingang Hu*, Daoura Gaoh Goudia Bachir, Yang Yang, Liang Chen

College of Agronomy, State Key Lab of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F

University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; * Corresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract: Wheat is a C3 plant with relatively low photosynthetic efficiency, and with the

key genes involved in C4 photosynthetic pathway. Therefore, to understand the endogenous

expression patterns of C4 pathway genes in wheat, we identified the homologues of genes

encoding the key C4 pathway enzymes in bread wheat, then assessed their expression

patterns and enzymatic activities at three growth stages in flag leaves of 59 bread wheat

genotypes grown in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 winter wheat growing seasons. Further, their

correlations with the photosynthetic rate, biomass and grain yield were investigated. The C4-

like genes homologous to PEPC, NADP-ME, MDH, and PPDK in maize were identified in

the A, B, and D sub-genomes of bread wheat, and located on the long arms of chromosomes

3 and 5 (TaPEPC), short arms of chromosomes 1 and 3 (TaNADP-ME), long arms of

chromosomes 1 and 7 (TaMDH), and long arms of chromosome 1 (TaPPDK), respectively.

All the four C4-like genes were expressed in the flag leaves at the three growth stages with

considerable variations among the 59 bread wheat genotypes. Significant differences were

observed on photosynthetic rates (A) of wheat genotypes with higher expressions of

TaPEPC_5, TaNADP-ME_1, and TaMDH_7 at heading and middle grain-filling stages and

those with intermediate and low expressions. Our results also indicated that the four C4

enzymes showed activities in the flag leaves and were obviously different among the 59

wheat genotypes. The activities of PEPcase and PPDK decreased at anthesis and slightly

increased at grain-filling stage, while NADP-ME and MDH exhibited a decreasing trend at

the three stages. The expressions of TaPEPC_5 and TaMDH_7 showed positive and

significant correlations with photosynthetic rate (A) and GYPP (grain yield plant-1) at

heading, anthesis and middle grain-filling stages. The activities of TaPEPC_5 (0.361) and

TaPPDK-1α (0.300) were positive and significantly correlated with GYPP only at middle

grain-filling, whereas the activities of TaMDH_7 displayed positive and significant

correlations with GYPP at heading (0.291) and middle grain-filling (0.300) stages. No

significant correlations were observed between the expressions and activities of the C4-like

enzymes with BMPP (biomass plant-1). Regression analysis revealed a weak linear

relationship (P<0.05) between above mentioned correlations.

Key words: Bread wheat, C4 photosynthetic pathway, gene expression, enzyme activity

49

No.18

Plasmodesmatal Flux in C3 and C4 monocots: The Metabolite

Pathway between Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells

Florence Danila, Susanne von Caemmerer

ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra,

Australia

Abstract: Majority of the human population depend on rice for survival. Rice production

needs to increase by 50% to support food demand over the next 35 years. Traditional

breeding can only increase rice yield by 1% per annum. Switching the less efficient C3

photosynthetic system of rice (Oryza sativa) to use the more efficient C4 photosynthesis

would theoretically increase productivity by 50%. The aim of the C4 Rice Consortium is to

add features of C4 photosynthesis to the C3 plant, rice. Therefore, it is essential to know

whether rice can support the expected increase in metabolite flux between the leaf mesophyll

(M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells after all the C4 biochemistry has been installed. The main

pathway for metabolite flux is symplastic, i.e. via the plasmodesmata (PD) connecting M

and BS cells. Quantification of PD per cell interface area was done by combining electron

microscopy and 3D immunolocalisation. PD flux was calculated using photosynthetic

measurement, where CO2 assimilation rate was used as a surrogate for C4 acid fluxes. Results

revealed that C4 plants, setaria (Setaria viridis) and corn (Zea mays), had up to nine times

more PD per cell interface area than C3 plants, rice and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Estimates

of PD flux between M and BS cells using CO2 assimilation rates revealed flux rates of 2-3×

10-18 mol C4 acids s-1 per PD in C4 plants. These data on symplastic connections especially

between M and BS cells are essential for modelling studies and gene discovery strategies

needed to introduce aspects of C4 photosynthesis to C3 crops.

Key words: Plasmodesmatal flux, monocots, metabolite pathway, mesophyll cells, bundle

sheath cells

50

Poster Location and Hanging

The posters will be hung inside the Symposium room. The scaffold and pins

for the poster hanging will be provided. The poster number will be assigned for

each poster. Please hang your poster on your serial number (No.) location in

the day of your registration.

The Floor Plan for the Exhibitions

Each company exhibition platform has a dimension of 3.6 m × 2.0 m, with each provided

with two exhibition tables. The dimension of the table is 1.8 m × 0.6m. We will provide two

exhibition tables, two chairs and also one power outlet.

51

A Brief Introduction to Shanghai Institute of Plant

Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), SIBS, CAS

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE) is one of the institutions of

the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS).

SIPPE was established by the integration of the former Shanghai Institute of Plant

Physiology (SIPP) and Shanghai Institute of Entomology (SIE) on May 19th, 1999. The

former SIPP was initially evolved from the laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of

Botany of the Academia Sinica, which was founded at the town of Beipei, Chongqing on

May 1st, 1944. On January 23rd, 1953, Institute of Experimental Biology, CAS, was

separated from the Academia Sinica and became the predecessor of SIPP. It was the cradle

of plant physiology and biochemistry in China, and one of the pioneer institutions that

carried out molecular genetic researches in plants and microbes. Tremendous achievements

have been made in the fields of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in the early years.

Former SIE, one of the main research institutions on entomology in China, was founded in

1959 and once made great progresses in insect taxonomy, physiology, toxicology, co-

evolution, pesticide resistance and sex pheromones.

The mission of SIPPE is to generate knowledge of plants, microbes and insects through

creative research, to train scientists for the future, and to benefit the sustainable agriculture,

ecological environments, bio-energy and bio-manufacturing requirements in China. Our

research topics include, if not all, functional genomics and physiology, synthetic biology,

developmental and evolutionary biology, and biotechnologies by using plants, microbes and

insects as model organisms.

The research capacity of SIPPE has been continuously strengthened by the supports from

the funding agencies of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the

Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Ministry of Agriculture and CAS. In

particular, three innovative research teams including “The system and synthetic biology

research of microbial metabolism” have been funded by NSFC, and three projects have won

52

the MOST's National Basic Research Program (“973”) and National Science and

Technology Infrastructure Program supports.

In 2017, a number of remarkable achievements were achieved, and more than 150 SCI

research papers were published, including Nature, Science, Nat Genetics, Energy &

Environment Science, Nature Communications, Molecular Cell, Cell Research, PNAS,

Developmental Cell, Plant Cell, PLoS Genetics and other important international academic

journals. In 2017, 38 Chinese invention patents, 6 PCT patents and 1 copyright in computer

software were applied; 24 Chinese invention patents and 4 PCT patents were authorized.

By the end of 2017, there are nearly 500 research scientists working at SIPPE including

more 96 professors, about 95 associate professors and senior technicians. SIPPE now has 9

academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 academician of the American Academy

of Sciences, 4 academicians of The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, 18

winners for the NSFC “National Outstanding Young Investigator Award”, 20 awardees for

“the One-Thousand-Talents” schemes, and over 35 awardees for the CAS “One-Hundred-

Talents” program. There are 573 graduate students (213 master students and 360 doctoral

students) and 104 postdoctoral researchers.

Up to now, it has established cooperative relations with many universities and research

institutions at home and abroad, such as the joint research center of plant and microbiological

sciences between Chinese academy of sciences and John Innes Centre, Huzhou industrial

biotechnology center of Shanghai institutes of biological sciences, Shanghai industrial

biotechnology center, Huzhou agricultural center, the Sibs-ETH research center of cassava

biotechnology, Sibs-Keygene joint laboratory of plant molecular breeding.

In the next five to ten years, SIPPE will continue to strengthen its research team by

recruiting outstanding young scientists, to improve its institutional managements, and to

improve its national and international competitiveness in plant, microbe and insect sciences.

The Institute will expand its collaborations with local and international institutions and

enterprises for related basic and translational research. In general, SIPPE will devote its

efforts to establish itself as a world-recognized institution by reinforcing its both basic and

applied research capacities.

53

A Brief Introduction to Laboratory of Photosynthesis

and Environmental Biology, SIPPE, SIBS, CAS

The Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology was formed in 2008 from

merging two laboratories, one for photosynthesis research and another for environmental

biology research. The former environmental biology originated in the afforestation in saline

soil in 1952 and cold resistance of rubber trees in 1955 guided by Dr. Zongluo Luo (Tsung-

lo Lo). The former photosynthesis laboratory was founded by Dr. Hongzhang Yin (Hung-

chang Yin) in 1956 as the first laboratory dedicated for photosynthesis research in China.

The former photosynthesis lab had made tremendous contribution to photosynthesis

research including mechanistic study of mechanisms underlying ATP synthesis, cyclic

electron transfer, factors controlling canopy photosynthesis, source sink interaction etc. The

formal laboratory of Environment has worked extensively on stress biology and space

biology. Currently, the Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology focuses

on understanding the molecular machineries of natural photosynthetic systems, with

particular emphasis on understanding processes or factors limiting photosynthetic energy

conversion efficiency in natural photosynthetic systems, and hence identifying novel

approaches to boost photosynthetic efficiency in crops for greater yields. The lab also

continues our long-held tradition of space biology and stress biology research. Working

together, we aim to be recognized as a lab which continuously delivers new theories and

approaches, including genes (either metabolic or regulatory genes) or pathways (both

natural and synthetic pathways) or new practices, to improve photosynthetic energy

conversion efficiency to benefit humanity.

Now, the Lab has 77 researchers including 2 academicians, 9 professors and 2 associate

professors, 6 Assistant professors, 50 graduate students, and 10 postdoctoral researchers.

The current research scientists (professors and associate professors) and their research areas

are listed below. Right now, we have positions at different levels open for scientists who

are dedicated to photosynthesis research for greater efficiency and greater yields.

54

The list of current research scientists and their research areas

Yun-Gang Shen Professor,

Academician

Photophosphorylation and regulation of

photosynthesis

Jiao-Nai Shi Professor,

Academician

Regulation of key enzymes in C4

photosynthetic carbon metabolism

Wei-Ming Cai Professor Stress biology, space biology

Gen-Yun Chen Professor photosynthetic energy conversion, regulation

of Rubisco

Hua-Ling Mi Professor

Regulation of photosynthetic electron

transports and the operation of photosynthetic

apparatus

Sheng Teng Professor Plant sugar signaling pathways, regulation of

photosynthesis carbon metabolism

Peng Wang Professor Genetic basis of Kranz anatomy, genetic

regulation of chloroplast ultrastructure

Hui-Qiong Zheng Professor Biology and biotechnology in microgravity,

hormone signaling and photosynthesis

Xin-Guang Zhu Professor,

Director

C4 rice engineering, photosynthesis systems

biology, ePlant

Ming-Nan Qu Associate

Professor

Natural variation of photosynthetic energy

conversion efficiency, Rubisco regulation,

stomata dynamics

Qing-Feng Song Associate

Professor

Canopy photosynthesis, photosystems antenna

size regulation

55

Participants' Information

Name Gender Institution Title Phone number E-mail

Andrea Bräutigam Female

Computational Biology, Faculty of Biology,

Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany;

Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-

Universität Düsseldorf

Prof. andrea.braeutigam@uni-

duesseldorf.de

Asaph Cousins Male Washington State University, USA Prof. [email protected]

Ben Long Male

Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology,

College of Science, The Australian National

University, Canberra ACT 2601

Prof. +61 2 6125 2322 [email protected]

Chen Yang Female

CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS

Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,

Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032,

China

Prof. [email protected]

Donald R. Ort Male

Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences &

Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL,

61801, USA

Prof. [email protected]

Fangfang Ma Female Shandong Agricultural University Prof. 86-18263803003 [email protected]

Kevin Griffin Male Columbia University, USA Prof. [email protected]

Maria Ermakova Famale

ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational

Photosynthesis, Australian National University,

Canberra, Australia

DR. [email protected]










56


Martin Parry Male Lancaster University Prof. +44 (0)1524 595084 [email protected]

Paul South Male USDA-ARS Photosynthesis Research Unit, 2Institute

for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, USA Prof. [email protected]

Ron Milo Male Deptartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences,

Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Prof. 972-8-934-4466 [email protected]

Stephanie

Arrivault

Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology,

Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Prof. +493315678114 [email protected]

Susanne von

Caemmerer Female

ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational

Photosynthesis, Australian National University,

Canberra AUSTRALIA

Prof. +61-2-6125-5075 [email protected]

Tom Brutnell Male Danforth Plant Science Center Prof. [email protected]

Yi Xiao Male

Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai

Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, Shanghai, China


Yi Yang Male

State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East

China University of Science and Technology,

Shanghai 200237, China

Prof. 86-21-64251311

(64251287) [email protected]

Yu Wang Female

Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1206

West Gregory Drive, MC-195 Urbana, IL 61801 USA










57


Florence Danila Female Australian National University Ms. +61 261254193 [email protected]

WeiYih Hee Male Australian National University Dr. +61420223289 [email protected]

Tiegang Lu Male Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy

of Agricultural Sciences Prof. 86-13671311011 [email protected]

Xiao Han Male Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy


Xiaofeng Gu Male Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy


Xuean Cui Male Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy

of Agricultural Sciences Mr. 86-18810442581 [email protected]

Muhammad Umair Male Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute

of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS Mr. 86-13126532700 [email protected]

Tabassum Hussain Male Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute

of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS Dr. 86-13068773020 [email protected]

Qiman Yunus Female College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang

Agricultural University Prof. 86-15199085223 [email protected]

Miao Ye Female College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong

Agricultural University Ms. 86-15623599396 [email protected]

Dongying Zhong Female College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural

University Ms. 86-15579771341 [email protected]

Jiahao Lu Male College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural

University Mr. 86-13585513816 [email protected]

Jiajia Han Female College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural

University Ms. 86-15797691593 [email protected]



58


Jianfeng Cheng Male College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural

University Prof. 86-15900967950 [email protected]

Xiaoqiang Li Male College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural


Yuliu Wang Male College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural


Zejun Xiao Male College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural


Aygul Abduwayit Male College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang

Agricultural University Prof. 86-13565876916 [email protected]

Xiong Zhuang Male Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong

agricultural university Dr. 86-18354222331 [email protected]

Chuangjian Qian Male Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dr. 86-13030048091 [email protected]

Tingting Du Female Huazhong Agricultural University Ms. 86-13545885635 [email protected]

Fei Zhou Female Huazhong Agricultural University Ms. 86-15207187316 [email protected]

Guanjun Huang Male Huazhong Agricultural University Mr. 86-17612726056 [email protected]

Huanying Li Female Huazhong Agricultural University Ms. 86-13163258269 [email protected]

Sicheng Liu Male Huazhong Agricultural University Mr. 86-13597444607 [email protected]

Taiyu Chen Male Huazhong Agricultural University Mr. 86-15972223893 [email protected]

Xiaoxiao Wang Female Huazhong Agricultural University Ms. 86-15271856514 [email protected]

Yuhan Yang Female Huazhong Agricultural University Ms. 86-17612763656 [email protected]





59


Zhengcan Zhang Male Huazhong Agricultural University Mr. 86-15271820836 [email protected]

Jiang Zhang Male Hubei university Prof. 86-15827188121 [email protected]

Wenbo Xu Male Hubei university Mr. 86-18202725574 [email protected]

Bingran Zhao Male Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Prof. 86-13974804687 [email protected]

Pan Li Male Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Ms. 86-15974139909 [email protected]

Shuoqi Chang Male Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Dr. 86-13874878294 [email protected]

Xiabing Sheng Female Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Mr. 86-13107411851 [email protected]

Xiqin Fu Male Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Prof. 86-13507470768 [email protected]

Yaokui Li Male Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Mr. 86-13787310175 [email protected]

Youfa Liu Male Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Ms. 86-18670063763 [email protected]

Yuanyi Hu Female Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Dr. 86-18508467815 [email protected]

Huawei Li Female Iinstitute of Crop Research, Shandong Academy of

Agricultural Sciences Dr. 86-18006361505 [email protected]

Mei Li Female Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of

Sciences Prof. 86-13671273472 [email protected]

Xue Ke Male

Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm

Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural

Sciences

Dr. 86-13529119587 [email protected]

Wenbin Zhou Male Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of

Agricultural Sciences, Dr. 86-13264097381 [email protected]

Lei Zhang Male Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences Dr. 86-18510238204 [email protected]









60


Lijiao Zhang Female Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,


Yansheng Wu Male Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of

Sciences Dr. 86-17625901936 [email protected]

Xia Li Female Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Prof. 86-13062503186 [email protected]

Li Liu Female Kuming Institue of Botany, Chinese Academy of

Sciences Prof. 86-15398712027 [email protected]

Lixia Zhang Female Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ms. 86-15804090353 [email protected]

Miao Ye Female College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong

Agricultural University Ms. 86-15623599396 [email protected]

Feng Xiao Male Nanjing Agricultural University Mr. 86-15295595319 [email protected]

Hongfa Xu Male Nanjing Agricultural University Ms. 86-15295570236 [email protected]

Shiwei Guo Male Nanjing Agricultural University Prof. 86-13770827567 [email protected]

Wei Lu Male Nanjing Agricultural University Dr. 86-13951765719 [email protected]

Yonghui Pan Male Nanjing Agricultural University Mr. 86-13611502578 [email protected]

Zhifeng Lu Male Nanjing Agricultural University Dr. 86-15872373191 [email protected]

Zongfeng Yang Male Nanjing Agricultural University Ms. 86-18852052199 [email protected]

Kailiu Xie Female Nanjing Agricultural University Ms. 86-15105195661 [email protected]

Limin Gao Female Nanjing Agricultural University Dr. 86-15651703212 [email protected]

Ji Li Female Nanjing University Ms. 86-15189828680 [email protected]

Yue Wang Female Northeast Forestry University Dr. 86-15546447570 [email protected]

61


Chunmei Gong Female Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Prof. 86-13669209673 [email protected]

Latai Zhu Female Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Ms. 86-18215100250 [email protected]

Pingping Xin Male Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Ms. 86-18729860087 [email protected]

Wenfei Zhou Female Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Ms. 86-18792896644 [email protected]

Yang Yang Male Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Mr. 86-15291818271 [email protected]

Yingang Hu Male Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Prof. 86-13572570219 [email protected]

Xiaonan Zang Female Ocean University of China Prof. 86-13969816228 [email protected]

Xuecheng Zhang Male Ocean University of China Prof. 86-13953266901 [email protected]

Chen Kuang Male Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese

Academy of Agricultural Sciences Mr. 86-13260677689 [email protected]

Jun Liu Male Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese

Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dr. 86-15607115298 [email protected]

Wei Hua Female Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese

Academy of Agricultural Sciences Prof. 86-13886138046 [email protected]

Xiaoyi Zhu Male Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese

Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dr. 86-13554623134 [email protected]

Li Wei Male Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess

Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dr. 86-13730908512 [email protected]

Yangen Fan Male Shandong Agricultural University Dr. 86-17662356880 [email protected]

Ying Liang Female Shandong Agricultural University Ms. 86-18854857253 [email protected]

Yuenan Li Female Shandong Agricultural University Ms. 86-18206385908 [email protected]

Yuting Li Male Shandong Agricultural University Dr. 86-18254887836 [email protected]

Zishan Zhang Male Shandong Agricultural University Dr. 86-13581191679 [email protected]


62


Honglong Zhao Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences Mr. 86-18939910730 [email protected]

Jemaa Essemine Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Duanfeng Xin Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences Ms. 86-15026549652 [email protected]

Faming Chen Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Fenfen Miao Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Genyun Chen Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof. 86-18016495953 [email protected]

Huixian Zhu Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Mengyao Wang Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Ming-Ju Amy Lyu Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Mingnan Qu Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Naveed Khan Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Qiming Tang Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


63


Qingfeng Song Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Shahnaz Perveen Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Tiangen Chang Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Xinguang Zhu Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,

Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof. 86-13917058786 [email protected]

Xinyu Liu Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Yanjie Wang Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Yongyao Zhao Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Yuhui Huang Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Zai Shi Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Zhan Shu Female Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,


Zhiwei Zhou Male Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,








64


Bender Leslie

Michael Male Shanghai Jiaotong University Prof. +1 6092582936 [email protected]

Yali Zhang Male Shihezi University Dr. 86-18999530985 [email protected]

Zhibo Li Male Shihezi University Dr. 86-189099363335 [email protected]

Chanjuan Ye Female South China Agricultural University Ms. 86-13480295738 [email protected]

Erdong Ni Male South China Agricultural University Mr. 86-15818154046 [email protected]

Ruiqi Li Female South China Agricultural University Ms. 86-13610133583 [email protected]

Ying He Female South China Agricultural University Ms. 86-15876596509 [email protected]

Hesheng Yao Male Southwest University Dr. 86-15001636930 [email protected]

Andrew Fleming Male University of Sheffield Prof. 0114 2224830 [email protected]

Feifei Zhang Female Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese

Academy of Sciences Ms. 86-13108802883 [email protected]

Dongsheng An Male Zhanjiang Experimental Station of Chinese

Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science Mr. 86-15219586106 [email protected]

Chunfang Zheng Female Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute Prof. 86-15058926073 [email protected]


65

Notes of Symposium

66

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67

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68

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Notes of Symposium

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Accommodation & Transportation

The symposium will be held in Lake Malaren International Convention Center, which

locate only 600 meters away from “Meilan Lake Station” of Metro Line 7, about 10 minutes’

walk. There are many hotels with different prices nearby the conference venue. The

organizing committee will not provide hotel reservation service.

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