sws corruption data
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
Transparent Accountable Governance:
The 2008 SWS Surveys of Enterprises on Corruption
2The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
The SWS Surveys of Enterprises on
Corruption are sponsored by The Asia
Foundation (TAF).
Opinions expressed here are those of the
SWS research team and do not necessarily
reflect the views of TAF.
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
3The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Outline
Survey Design Survey Results 1. Public Sector Corruption 2. Sincerity in Fighting Corruption
3. Government Efforts To Fight Corruption 4. Enterprises Solicited For A Bribe
5. Anti-Graft Legislation 6. Private Sector Corruption 7. Business Efforts To Fight Corruption
8. Honest Business Practices 9. The Business Climate
Summary of Findings
4The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Survey Design
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
5The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
The TAG Project Surveys
a. Are Time Series
8 rounds (2000-08): National Capital Region 5 rounds (2004-08): Metro Cebu
5 rounds (2004-08): Metro Davao 3 rounds (2005-07): Cavite-Laguna-Batangas,
Cagayan de Oro-Iligan.*
b. Are Stratified by Size 2/3 weight: Small & Medium Enterprises
1/3 weight: Large Enterprises.
*Not part of TAG-2008 due to lack of funds.
6The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Fieldwork Total Small & Error Dates Sample Large Medium Margin
SWS SURVEYS OF TOP/MIDDLE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES ON CORRUPTION, 2000-2008
Aug14-Oct26 2000 604 204 400 ± 4%
Sep4-Dec4 2001 505 200 305 ± 4%
Oct25-Feb25 2002/03 500 214 286 ± 4%
Nov13-Jan28 2003/04 701 285 416 ± 4%
Jan21-Mar15 2005 701 232 469 ± 4%
Feb18-Apr27 2006 700 231 469 ± 4%
Mar4-May11 2007 703 233 470 ± 4%
Sep9-Oct10 2008 402 135 267 ± 5%
NCR 202 67 135 ± 7%
C=Metro Cebu 100 34 66 ±10%
D=Metro Davao 100 34 66 ±10%
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
7The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
A partial-panel design
NCR/C/D 402 282 120
NCR 202 127 75
METRO CEBU 100 80 20
METRO DAVAO 100 75 25
Total Interviewed Newly inter- 2008 in both 2007 viewed in
interviews & 2008 2008
8The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Public Sector Corruption
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
9The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
% WHO SAY “THERE IS A LOT OF CORRUPTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR” – HIGH; NO TENDENCY TO FALL
NCR Cebu Davao
63
77
60
67
7167
65
71
6366
63
5759 58 58
71
60
55
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Q40. How much corruption do you think there is in the public sector? (A lot, Some, A
li ttle, None)
10The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
“MOST/ALMOST ALL COMPANIES IN MY LINE OF BUSINESS GIVE BRIBES TO WIN PUBLIC SECTOR CONTRACTS” Base: Total who say there is corruption in the public sector
NCR Cebu Davao
5456 57 56
52
46
42
49
62
54
47
56
4850
57
49 49
35
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In NCR, the downtrend stopped. Davao has a new low.
Q42. In your line of business, how many companies do you think give bribes to win
public sector contracts? (Almost all, Most, Few, Hardly any, None)
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
11The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
MEDIAN PERCENTAGE OF CONTRACT ALLOTTED AS BRIBE FOR A PUBLIC SECTOR CONTRACT
Base: Total who say there is corruption in the public sector
20
15
20
17
15
20 20 20
15 15
10
15
10
15 15 15
20
10
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Higher allotment now in NCR than in Cebu or Davao.
NCR Cebu Davao
12The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE OF PUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTION IN ONE’S SECTOR OF BUSINESS IN THE PAST THREE MONTHS
Base: Total who say there is corruption in the public sector
48
39
43
3739
37
48
36
49
27
46
41
4548
40
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Apparent downtrend in Davao only.
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
13The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Sincerity in Fighting Corruption
14The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D 2008: RATINGS OF SINCERITY IN
FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Filipino Business Assns. 72% 8% +64
SSS 62 16 +46 DTI 60 18 +42
Supreme Court 57 20 +37
City/municipal gov’t 57 22 +35
DOH 53 23 +30
COA 48 25 +23
DOF** 44 29 +15
Very/ Somewhat/ Somewhat Very Net*
Sincere Insincere Sincere VERY GOOD
(over +50)
GOOD (+31 to +50)
MODERATE (+11 to +30)
Q7-37. PLEASE EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN TERMS OF SINCERITYIN FIGHTING OR PREVENTING
PUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES.
**DOF was covered f or the f irst time in 2008.*Net figures (% Sincere minus % Insincere) correctly rounded.
Page 1 of 4
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
15The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
DepEd 43% 36% +7 AFP 39 33 +6
Sandiganbayan 37 32 +5
Ombudsman 38 33 +4 Trial Courts 31 37 -5
Senate 35 41 -6 DBM 34 41 -7
MEDIOCRE (-10 to +10)
Q7-37. PLEASE EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN TERMS OF SINCERITYIN FIGHTING OR PREVENTING PUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES.
*Net figures (% Sincere minus % Insincere) correctly rounded.
Very/ Somewhat/ Somewhat Very Net*
Sincere Insincere Sincere
NCR/C/D 2008: RATINGS OF SINCERITY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Page 2 of 4
16The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
GSIS 30% 42% -12 DA 30 47 -17
DOJ 29 47 -17
PNP 28 46 -18 DILG 27 50 -23
PAGC 24 48 -23
DENR 26 50 -25 COMELEC 24 51 -27
DOTC 25 52 -27 Office of the Pres. 27 55 -27
POOR (-11 to –30)
Q7-37. PLEASE EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN TERMS OF SINCERITYIN FIGHTING OR PREVENTING PUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES.
*Net figures (% Sincere minus % Insincere) correctly rounded.
Very/ Somewhat/ Somewhat Very Net*
Sincere Insincere Sincere
NCR/C/D 2008: RATINGS OF SINCERITY IN
FIGHTING CORRUPTION Page 3 of 4
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
17The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
LTO 22% 54% -32
PCGG 19 50 -32
House of Reps. 18 59 -41
BIR 14 70 -56
DPWH 9 72 -63
Bureau of Customs 6 79 -72
BAD (-31 to -50)
VERY BAD (below -50)
Q7-37. PLEASE EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS IN TERMS OF SINCERITYIN FIGHTING OR PREVENTING PUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES.
*Net figures (% Sincere minus % Insincere) correctly rounded.
Very/ Somewhat/ Somewhat Very Net*
Sincere Insincere Sincere
NCR/C/D 2008: RATINGS OF SINCERITY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Page 4 of 4
18The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
VERY GOOD (over+50): Filipino Business Associations
GOOD (+31 to +50): SSS, DTI, Supreme Court,City/Municipal Government
MODERATE (+11 to +30): DOH, COA, DOF
MEDIOCRE (-10 to +10): DepEd, AFP, Sandiganbayan,Office of the Ombudsman, Trial Courts, Senate, DBM
POOR (-11 to –30): GSIS, DA, DOJ, PNP, DILG, PAGC,DENR, ComElec, DOTC, Office of the President
BAD (-31 to -50): LTO, PCGG, House of Representatives
VERY BAD (below –50): BIR, DPWH, BOC
NET SINCERITY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION, 2008
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
19The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: Moderate to Very Good Sincerity Ratings
2006
2007
2008
+40+44
+24+27
+8
+67
+52 +51+48
+27+29
+21
+64
+46+42
+37 +35+30
+23
+15
0
+10
+20
+30
+40
+50
+60
+70
Very
Good
Good
Moderate
SSS DTI Supreme
Court
City/
Municipal Govt.
DOH COA DOF Filipino
Business Assns.NET SINCERITY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION
LGUs and COA improve.
20The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: Mediocre Sincerity Ratings
2006
2007
20080
+10
+20
-10
-20
+2
-17
+13
+6+4
-20
+4
+10
-10
+15
+9+8
-7
+6+7
+6+5
+4
-5-6
-7
DepEd
AFP
Sandigan-
bayan
Ombuds-
man
Trial
Courts
Senate
DBM
NET SINCERITY IN FIGHTING
CORRUPTION
The AFP and Senate are no longer ‘Poor’. The Sandiganbayan has
become ‘Mediocre’.
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
21The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: Poor Sincerity Ratings, Part 1 of 2
2006
2007
2008
+5
-26
-20
-36-34
+13
-8
-21
-25
-21
-12
-17 -17-18
-23
0
+10
+20
-10
-20
-30
-40
GSIS
DA DOJ PNP DILG
NET SINCERITY IN
FIGHTING CORRUPTION
GSIS falls from ‘Moderate’ to ‘Poor’.PNP rises from ‘Bad’ to ‘Poor’.
22The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: Poor Sincerity Ratings, Part 2 of 2
2006
2007
2008
-16
-39
-59
-22
-15
-5
-24
-36
-15
-3
-23-25
-27 -27 -27
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
PAGC
DENR
Comelec
DOTC Office of the
Pres.
NET SINCERITY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION
PAGC, DOTC and OP drop.
Comelec rises to ‘Poor’.
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
23The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: Bad to Very Bad Sincerity Ratings
BOC
-34
-13
-44
-57
-68
-75
-29
-20
-33
-48
-60
-69
-32 -32
-41
-56
-63
-72
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
LTO
PCGG
House of
Reps.BIR
DPWH
Bad Very Bad
2006
2007
2008
PCGG is worsening.
24The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
DTI 13% 1% +12 SSS 12 1 +12 DOH 11 3 +8 DepEd 12 6 +6
Supreme Court 5 1 +4 LGUs 7 4 +3 DOF 4 1 +3 AFP 4 5 -1
DENR 3 6 -2 LTO 8 10 -2 GSIS 3 6 -4 DOTC 2 7 -5
DA 4 11 -7
Office of the President 1 18 -17 BIR 6 32 -26 DPWH 1 27 -26
BOC 1 44 -43
*Net figures (% Less corrupt minus % More corrupt) correctly rounded.
Less More Corrupt Corrupt Net*
NCR/C/D, 2008: CITATIONS OF CHANGE IN CORRUPTION COMPARED TO 5 YEARS AGO (OPEN-ENDED, VOLUNTEERED)
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
25The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
DTI +2 +8 +12 SSS +7 +7 +12 DOH +5 +6 +8 DepEd +9 +5 +6
Supreme Court +4 +3 +4 LGUs +5 +2 +3 DOF +1 +1 +3 AFP -3 -4 -1
DENR -6 -2 -2 LTO +6 +4 -2 GSIS +1 +2 -4 DOTC +1 -1 -5
DA -7 -3 -7 Office of the President -9 -4 -17 BIR -7 -3 -26 DPWH -16 -20 -26
BOC -29 -29 -43
*Net figures (% Less corrupt minus % More corrupt) correctly rounded.
2006 2007 2008
NCR/C/D: LESS CORRUPT CITATIONS MINUS MORE CORRUPT CITATIONS (OPEN-ENDED, VOLUNTEERED)
Steadily
improving
Steadily
worsening
26The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Government Efforts to Fight Corruption:
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
27The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
FEELINGS THAT “THE GOVERNMENT CAN BE RUN WITHOUT CORRUPTION” ARE WEAKENING.
NCR Cebu Davao
Govt. can be runw/o corruption
Part of the waygovt. works
55 57 5660
56 5548
42
57 58 5449
42
60 57
4741
50
43 42 4440
44 4452
58
42 42 4650
58
40 42
5358
50
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01 03 04 05 06 04 05 06 04 05 06 07 07 07 00 08 08 08
28The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Q3. Statement: “Compared to about 5 years ago, it is now easier for anyone who wants
to bid on a government contract to get informati on about the bidding.”
PROVISION OF INFORMATION ABOUT BIDDING FOR A GOVT.CONTRACT HAS APPARENTLY IMPROVED IN CEBU.
STRONGLYAGREE
SOMEWHATAGREE
UNDECIDED
SOMEWHATDISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
19 20 17 18 21 25
36 3635
4331
30
21 16 2315
23 17
1216 16 15
9 15
8 9 8 814 13
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0%08 08 08 07 07 07
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
29The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
MOST DISAGREE THAT “COMPARED TO ABOUT 5 YEARS AGO,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARE NOW DOING MORE TO AVOID
CORRUPT PRACTICES” (2008)
7
24
8
30
31
6
29
12
29
24
11
28
9
22
30
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
STRONGLYAGREE
SOMEWHAT
AGREE
UNDECIDED
SOMEWHATDISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
NCR Cebu Davao
30The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Enterprises Solicited
For A Bribe
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
31The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D, 2008: ENTERPRISES ASKED LAST YEAR BY ANYONE IN GOVT. FOR A BRIBE ON THE FOLLOWING TRANSACTIONS:
Any of the listed bribes71%
Getting Local government permits and licenses49%
Getting National government permits and licenses47%
Assessment and/or payment of income taxes46%
Complying with import regulations includingpayment of import duties
31%
Supplying government with goods/services29%
Collecting receivables from government24%
Availing of government incentives22%
32The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: SOLICITATIONS FOR BRIBES PEAKED IN 2008
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Getting Local government permits and licenses49
4437
Assessment and/or payment of income taxes46
3431
Collecting receivables from government2421
17
Any of the l isted bribes71
6462
65
42
Getting National government permits and licenses47
4032
31
31Complying with import regulations including
payment of import duties
3127
2524
Supplying government with goods/services
2923
1918
19
Availing of government incentives
2214
1111
2008
2007
2006
2005
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
33The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
SOLICITATIONS FOR BRIBES ARE HIGHEST IN NCR: 2008
Getting Local government permits and licenses
Assessment and/or payment of income taxes
Collecting receivables from government
Any of the l isted bribes
Getting National government permits and licenses
Complying with import regulations including
payment of import duties
Supplying government with goods/services
Availing of government incentives
83
60
59
55
41
32
27
25
64
46
42
41
27
25
21
21
53
29
27
32
14
28
20
15
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
NCR
Cebu
Davao
34The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR A BRIBE LAST YEAR RE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERMITS/LICENSES
55 5450
46 4542
48
60
32 33
24
37
46
26
39
3337
29
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In NCR, the favorable trend in 2000-06 was
reversed in 2006-08.
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
35The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR A BRIBE LAST YEAR RE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT PERMITS/LICENSES
42
3437
32 3336
43
59
2523 22
3942
9
3027
3027
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
36The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR A BRIBE LAST YEAR RE ASSESSMENT OR PAYMENT OF INCOME TAXES
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2324
2932 32
5250
43 42
3633 34
55
38
2224
36
41
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
In NCR, the favorable trend in 2000-06 was
reversed in 2006-08.
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
37The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR A BRIBE LAST YEAR RE COMPLYING WITH IMPORT REGULATIONS INCL. IMPORT DUTIES
0%
20%
40%
60%
2
1916
18
14
17
10
18
14
2528
31
41
16
24 23
2527
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
38The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR A BRIBE LAST YEAR RE SUPPLYING GOVERNMENT WITH GOODS/SERVICES
15 14
18
1315
18
22
32
18 17
13
24 25
18
29 2824
28
0%
20%
40%
60%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
39The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR BRIBES LAST YEAR RE COLLECTING RECEIVABLES FROM GOVERNMENT
9 8
1310
1815
19
27
12
1513
1921
13
2628
30
20
0%
20%
40%
60%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
But there was a 10 pt
drop in Davao.
NCR Cebu Davao
40The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
ENTERPRISES ASKED FOR BRIBES LAST YEAR RE AVAILING OF GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES
0%
20%
40%
60%
64
10
4
911
13
25
6
9 9
14
21
2
17
1114 15
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
41The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: REPORTING OF BRIBE- SOLICITATION IS LOW BUT GROWING
Base: Total solicited for a bribe
Formally reported it
to an anti-corruptionauthority
Did not report it
2005 2006 2007 2008 7 6
914
93 94 9186
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
42The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
THE RATE OF REPORTING OF BRIBE-SOLICITATION IS
MUCH HIGHER IN CEBU & DAVAO (2008) Base: Total solicited for a bribe
NCR Cebu Davao
1020 19
9080 81
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Formally reported it
to an anti-corruptionauthority
Did not report it
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
43The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: FUTILITY IS THE MAIN AND PEAK REASON FOR NOT REPORTING Base: Total solicited for a bribe, who did not report it
Nothing would be done anyway
Can not prove anything
Will spend much
It is standard practice not to report
Afraid of reprisal
Too small a thing to bother
Don't know how or whom to report
Don't want to betray anyone
It is embarrassing
2008
2007
2006
2005
79
61
59
57
55
52
40
29
24
68
46
46
47
47
46
33
25
17
69
50
42
52
54
41
34
27
17
61
46
33
45
42
37
29
16
120% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Q55. IF DID NOT REPORT: Why d id you not report thi s? (ENCIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)
44The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
REASONS FOR NOT REPORTING, BY AREA, 2008 Base: Total solicited for a bribe, who did not report it
Q55. IF DID NOT REPORT: Why d id you not report thi s? (ENCIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)
Nothing would be done anyway
Can not prove anything
Will spend much
It is standard practice not to report
Afraid of reprisal
Too small a thing to bother
Don't know how or whom to report
Don't want to betray anyone
It is embarrassing
81
60
57
54
60
51
40
28
21
80
61
65
65
43
65
43
24
29
72
65
58
56
51
40
40
37
30
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
NCR
Cebu
Davao
0%
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
45The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: WHAT AGENCIES DO YOU TRUST TO BRING A COMPLAINT TO?
Page 1 of 3
None 22% 26% 32%
Office of the Ombudsman 28 29 25 Municipal/City Government 13 5 8
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) 5 6 6
Dept. of Justice (DOJ) 7 3 5 Dept. of Trade and Industry (DTI) 5 4 3
Supreme Court 2 3 3
Trial Courts 3 2 2 Dept. of Finance (DOF) 1 1 2
Phil. National Police (PNP) 3 2 2 Office of the President 7 4 2
2006 2007 2008
Note: Responses below 0.5% in the 2008 survey are not shown.
Q44. If a company in your sector is being harassed by corrupt government officials, to which government agency can it trust to bring a complaint?
46The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: WHAT AGENCIES DO YOU TRUST TO
BRING A COMPLAINT TO? Page 2 of 3
Presidential Anti-Graft Commission (PAGC) 4% 2% 1% Senate 2 1 1
House of Representatives 1 1 1
Sandiganbayan 5 3 1Dept. of Interior and Local Government (DILG) 3 3 1
Commission on Audit (COA) 1 1 1
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 2 0.4 1Dept. of Energy (DOE) 0.2 0.2 1
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas 1 1 1
2006 2007 2008
Note: Responses below 0.5% in the 2008 surv ey are not shown.
Q44. If a company in your sector is being harassed by corrupt government officials, to which government agency can it trust to bring a complaint?
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
47The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Note: Responses below 0.5% in the 2008 survey are not shown.
Q44. If a company in your sector is being harassed by corrupt government officials, to which government agency can it trust to bring a complaint?
Page 3 of 3
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) -- -- 0.5
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) -- -- 0.5
Civil Service Commission 0.4 1 0.5 Dept. of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) 0.2 1 0.5
Phil. Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) 1 0.4 0.5
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) 1 1 0.5 Phil. Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) 0.2 0.2 0.5
Don’t know/refused 3 6 2
2006 2007 2008
NCR/C/D: WHAT AGENCIES DO YOU TRUST TO BRING A COMPLAINT TO?
48The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Private Sector Corruption:
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
49The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
COMPARATIVELY FEW SAY “THERE IS A LOT OF CORRUPTION IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR”
0%
20%
40%
14
9
13
1011
87
9
12
9 910
7
4
8 87 7
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
Q45. How much corruption do you think there is in the private sector? (A lot, Some, A
li ttle, None)
50The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
“MOST/ALMOST ALL COMPANIES IN MY LINE OF BUSINESS GIVE BRIBES TO WIN PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRACTS”
Base: Total who say there is corruption in the private sector
23
2729
2422
18 18
22
2724
2018
27
18
28
20
27
18
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
Q46. In your line of business, how many companies do you think give bribes to win private business sector contracts? (Almost all, Most, Few, Hardly any, None)
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
51The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
MEDIAN PERCENTAGE OF CONTRACT ALLOTTED AS BRIBE FOR A PRIVATE BUSINESS CONTRACT
Base: Total who say there are companies, in their line of business, br ibing to win private sector contracts
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
52The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Business Efforts to Fight Corruption
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
53The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
FEELINGS OF POTENCY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION ARE SLIPPING
Q2. Statement: “A person like me cannot do anything to reduce corruption in the government.”
STRONGLYDISAGREE
SOMEWHATDISAGREE
UNDECIDED
SOMEWHATAGREE
STRONGLY
AGREE
08 08 08 07 07 07 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
40 36 3932
4641
3230 25
24
1317
4
43
9 4 6
1117 22
20 20 22
13 13 11 15 17 14
NCR Cebu Davao
54The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Q5. Statement: “Compared to about 5 years ago, businesses are now doing more to
avoid tax-evasion.”
ONLY ABOUT HALF SAY BUSINESSES ARE MOVING TOWARDS PAYING TAXES MORE HONESTLY
12
44
15
20
9
14
29
16
28
13
19
36
10
22
13
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
STRONGLY
AGREE
SOMEWHATAGREE
UNDECIDED
SOMEWHATDISAGREE
STRONGLYDISAGREE
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
55The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Q6. Statement: “Compared to about 5 years ago, businesses are now doing more to avoid smuggling.”
LESS THAN HALF SAY THAT BUSINESSES ARE DOING MORE TO AVOID SMUGGLING
8
38
11
30
12
8
35
14
29
14
12
32
15
24
17
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
STRONGLYAGREE
SOMEWHATAGREE
UNDECIDED
SOMEWHATDISAGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
NCR Cebu Davao
56The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
AWARENESS OF THE COALITION AGAINST CORRUPTION (CAC) IS GROWING STEADILY
Q62. Were you previously aware of the CAC, or is this the first time that you hear about it?
Previously Aware
Previously Not Aware
5155
59
72
5548
5763
4654 56
67
4945
41
28
4552
4337
5446 44
33
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
05 06 07 08 05 06 07 08 05 06 07 08
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
57The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
EXPECTED CHANGE IN NET INCOME, IF CORRUPTION IS REDUCED TO THAT OF SINGAPORE, IS POSITIVE
positive change
no change
negative change
No ans/ref/not aware
5460 62 65
6054 57
5056
4654
46
5752 53
4739
32
31 3030
3235
34
3129
40
40
45 23
2023
45
52
12
22
33
3
54
7
3
4
7
98
34
137 6 3 5 8 5
14 11 7 513
19 16
5 7
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
01 03 04 05 06 04 05 06 04 05 06 07 07 07 08 08 08
NCR Cebu Davao
58The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
MEDIAN % OF NET INCOME ENTERPRISES ARE WILLING TO PAY TO
FUND A PROGRAM TO CUT CORRUPTION BY HALF IN 10 YEARS
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
20081
2 2
2.5
3 3
1
2
5 5
2
5
2
4
5 5
2
5
0%
2%
4%
6%
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
59The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
MEAN SPENDING IN THE LAST 2 YEARS & IN THE NEXT 2 YEARS TO COMBAT FRAUD AND CORRUPTION IN OWN COMPANY
2007
2008Amount spent in the last 2 years
Amount likely to
be spent in the next 2 years
157,000
87,000
79,000
126,000
74,00082,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180In pesos
158,000
106,00097,000
139,000
92,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180In pesos
NCR Cebu Davao NCR Cebu Davao
132,000
60The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
MEAN CONTRIBUTION IN THE LAST 2 YEARS & IN THE NEXT 2 YEARS TO A PRIVATE ANTI-CORRUPTION PROGRAM
37,000
8,000 8,000
51,000
36,000
31,000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
64,000
31,000
46,000
74,000
44,000
57,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
2007
2008
In pesos
In pesos
Amount
contributed in
the last 2 years
Amount willing to contribute in the
next 2 years
NCR Cebu Davao NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
61The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
WAYS FOR PRIVATE BUSINESSES TO REDUCE CORRUPTION, 2008
83
75
68
25
19
19
6
82
77
62
17
8
17
22
88
84
62
23
13
5
11
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
NCR
Cebu
Davao
Use honest business practices at all times
Never pay bribes
Know the laws and rules of governmenttransactions
Join a civil society organization
whose mission is to fight corruption
Report corruption to mass media
Campaign against corrupt
political candidates
Report government corruption to the
Office of the Ombudsman
62The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Q48. In your sector of business, how often do enterprises punish their corrupt
executives? (Almost always, Often, Seldom, Almost never, Not applicable)
ENTERPRISES THAT PUNISH CORRUPT EXECUTIVES ALMOST ALWAYS OR OFTEN
44
48 47
54
61
53
61
53
43
52
47
32
5351
43
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
63The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Honest Business Practices: Mixed Trends
64The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
“ALMOST ALL COMPANIES IN MY LINE OF
BUSINESS PAY TAXES HONESTLY”
NCR Cebu Davao
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
17
14
2021
11
1517
19
1715
21
13
18
22
20
26 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
65The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
“ALMOST ALL COMPANIES IN MY LINE OF BUSINESS ALWAYS ISSUE RECEIPTS FOR ALL REVENUES”
3536
33
42
38
33
28
3537
35
41
3735 34
37
45
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
66The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
“ALMOST ALL COMPANIES IN MY LINE OF BUSINESS
KEEP ONLY ONE SET OF BOOKS”
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
200818
2122
2523
19
2321
3433
20
17
23 2321
28
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
67The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
“ALMOST ALL COMPANIES IN MY LINE OF BUSINESS ALWAYS DEMAND RECEIPTS FOR ALL PAYMENTS FOR EXPENSES”
49 50 49
53 52 5355
50 495052
62
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
2005
2006
2007
2008
NCR Cebu Davao
68The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
The Business Climate
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
69The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Q81. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the National Government’s performance
in promoting a good climate for business in the Philippines?
SATISFACTION WITH THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTING A GOOD BUSINESS CLIMATE HAS FALLEN
60
94
10 9
43
28
50
37
46
35
19
15
21
22
25
18
22
41
11
26
13
27
1015
9 115
11
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Very Satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Undecided
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Very Dissatisfied
08 08 08 07 07 07
NCR Cebu Davao
70The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
SATISFACTION WITH THE CITY/MUNICIPALITY IN PROMOTING A GOOD BUSINESS CLIMATE IS HIGHER, AND STABLE
Q82. How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the City/Municipal Government’s performance in promoting a good climate for business in this City/Municipality.?
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Very Satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Undecided
Very Dissatisfied
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
9 6 11 13
27 27
5050
60 57
5348
1818
1511
1014
17 21
1015
9 86 4 4 4 1 3
08 08 08 07 07 07 NCR Cebu Davao
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TAG 8_NCR HANDOUT FINAL.ppt/20/11/08 36
SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
71The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
NCR/C/D: BUSINESS EXPECTATIONS HAVE TURNED DOWN
Q83. In the next 2 years, do you expect that business conditions will be . . .
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
3 6 5 9 6
25
41 44
53
33
40
40 40
31
43
21
10 9
5
13
6 2 2 2 3
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
72The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
BUSINESS EXPECTATIONS IN THE NEXT 2 YEARS, BY AREA
Q83. In the next 2 years, do you expect that business conditions will be . . .
8 4 11 6 9 12
50
29
64
40
54
33
34
42
20
42
30
47
5
18
38
4 82 6 2 2 2 0
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
08 08 08 07 07 07 NCR Cebu Davao
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
73The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Summary of Findings
74The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Summary of Findings-1 The TAG8 survey reports views of 402
enterprises in NCR, Cebu and Davao. 3/5 see “ a lot ” of corruption in the public
sector; no improvement here. Anti-corruption ratings up: LGUs, COA,
AFP, Senate, PNP, Comelec.
Anti-corruption ratings down: Sandiganbayan, GSIS, PAGC, DOTC, OP,
PCGG. Feelings that the govt. can be run without
corruption are weakening.
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
75The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Summary of Findings-2 7 of 10 companies were asked for a bribe in
an index-transaction -- a peak, since 2005. Most bribe-solicitation trends are up;
previous downtrends in NCR re LGU
permits and income tax transactions were reversed.
Reporting of bribe-attempts rose slightly,but is still low.
76The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Summary of Findings-3 Less than 10% see “ a lot ” of private sector
corruption. The usual allotment for a bribe in a private
deal is still 10%, vs. 20% in a public deal.
Managers ’ feelings of efficacy in fighting corruption have declined a bit.
At most 1/2 see business becoming more
honest in taxpaying and importing.
Financial contributions to private anti- corruption programs are going up.
At most 1/2 punish their corrupt executives.
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SOCIAL WEATHER STATIONS
77The 2008 SWS Surveys of
Enterprises on Corruption
Summary of Findings-4 Trends in using four honest business
practices are mixed. Satisfaction with national govt. promotion
of a good business climate dropped in 2008.
Satisfaction with local govt. promotion of a good business climate is higher, and stable.
Business expectations are now only Fair,compared to Good in 2005-07.
Surveys of Enterprises on Corruption Surveys of Enterprises on Corruption 2008 PROJECT STAFF 2008 PROJECT STAFF
Project Director Linda Luz B. Guerrero
Survey Consultant Mahar Mangahas
Project Manager and Leo Laroza
Publication Editor
Project Coordinator Anne Abcede
Field Manager Germelita Caron
Data Processing Manager Gerardo Sandoval Data Processing Assistant Malou Laxamana
Lhuz Borja
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