switch statements. switch statement often you want to do a series of tests –if i==0 … else if...
TRANSCRIPT
Switch Statements
Switch Statement• Often you want to do a series of tests
– if i==0 … else if i==1 …. else if i==2 … else if i==3 ….
• C++ provides the switch statement to help in this situation– It allows you to specify a large set of cases you
want to be able to match, yet works efficiently to find and execute the particular case matched
Format
• Format: switch (switchExpression ) {
case value1:
statements;
break;
case value2:
statements;
break;
…
…
default:
statements;
}
Example: …………int mortgageTerm;float interestRate;cin>> mortgageTerm;
Switch (mortgageTerm) {
case 10: interestRate= 3.0; break;case 15: interestRate=3.5; break;case 30: interestRate=4.0; break;default: cout<<“please enter a valid loan term”;}
char grade;cin >> grade;
switch (grade) { case 'A': cout << "Great job!!"; break; case 'B': cout << "Good job"; break; case 'C': cout << "Satisfactory job"; break; case 'D': cout << "Hmmm ... need to work a little harder"; break; case 'F': cout << "Sorry, you failed the class"; break; default: cout << "The letter you typed " << grade << " is not a valid grade"; }
Examples
Examples: #include <iostream>using namespace std;
int main() { int operand1 = 0, operand2 = 0, result=0; char operator = ‘ ‘; cout << “Please enter expression (num oper num) ? “; cin >> operand1 >> operator >> operand2; switch (operator) { case ‘+’: result = operand1 + operand2; break; case ‘-’: result = operand1 - operand2; break; // other cases left off for room default: cout << “Did not recognize operator” << endl; } cout << operand1 << “ “ << operator << “ “ <<operand2 << “ = “ << result << endl; return 0;}
Examples
int x, y;
cin>>x>>y;
switch (x>y) {
case 0:
cout<<“x is no greater than y”;
break;
case 1:
cout<<“ x is greater than y”;
break;
default:
}
int x, y;
cin>>x>>y;
switch (x>y) {
case false:
cout<<“x is no greater than y”;
break;
case true:
cout<<“ x is greater than y”;
break;
default:
}
Fall Through Example:….switch (flight_class)
{
case 3: ticket=300;
case 2: ticket=500;
case 1: ticket=1000;
}
cout<<“you need to pay”<<“\”
ticket <<“dollars, thank you!”<<endl;
What the third class passenger will need to pay?
Switch (flight_class)
{
Case 3: ticket=300;
break;
Case 2: ticket=500;
break;
Case 1:ticket=1000;
break;
Default: cout<<“unknown class!”;
}
Exercise
Convert the following segment of code to switch statement:
int j, n;…..If (j==3 || j==5) n = 6;else if ( j==4 || j==8) n = 9;else if (j==2) n = 8;else n=0;
Exercise: What the output will be?#include <iostream>using namespace std;int x=1, y=2, z=3;int main(){
switch (x>0) { case 1: switch (y<0) {
case 1: cout<<“?”; break; case 2: cout<<“%”; break;
} case 0: switch (z==3) { case 0: cout<<“+”; break; case 1: cout<<“#”; break; } default: cout<<“&”;}return 0;}
Switch Statement• Style ideas for the switch statement
– Unless you have many conditions (4 or more), use if-else-if instead of switch
– Always provide a default case – if you are pretty sure you have all cases covered, putting an error message in the default is good to identify unexpected errors
– Order the cases in some logical order (numeric, alphabetic)
– Keep the size of each of the cases small
• If you have to do lots of work in each case, call a function from inside the case