Swiss Cooperation Strategy Afghanistan 2019 – 2022

Table of Contents

Foreword 5

1 Background and Context 6

2 Swiss foreign-policy objectives in Afghanistan, contribution by other donors 9

3 Results of Swiss contributions (2015 to 2018) 10

4 Implications for the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2019 – 2022 13

5 Priorities, Objectives and Impact Hypotheses 15

6 Management of the Implementation of the Strategy 18

7 Strategic Steering 20

8 Appendices 22

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Two young boys going to fly their kites in Herat. © Morteza Herti/AKTC

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“In a stream where water once flowed, it will flow again”. This Afghan proverb expresses the trust that difficult times will pass and a better future lies ahead. The current situation in Afghanistan is a cause for concern. The impact of the withdrawal of interna-tional troops in 2014 and the deteriorating security situation continue to reverberate. Poverty rates have increased in recent years, economic growth is low and the armed conflict affects various parts of the country, resulting in large numbers of internally dis-placed persons.

Yet there is reason for hope and optimism. The pro-gress achieved in Afghanistan since 2002 is remark-able. Amongst other things, critical infrastructure has been rehabilitated, human rights institutions and a legal system have been established, several rounds of elections have been conducted and an education and health system has been built. Today, Afghanistan’s government takes a leading role in the development of the country and implements ambitious reforms on the way to self-reliance.

Development gains in Afghanistan are encouraging, but their sustainability and scaling up requires the continued commitment of the international com-munity, now more than ever. Switzerland remains committed to supporting Afghanistan’s efforts to re-duce poverty, human suffering and loss of life, and to promoting social cohesion and a peaceful society with effective, accountable and inclusive institutions. Starting with humanitarian assistance during the 1990s, Switzerland’s cooperation with Afghanistan

has grown into a broader development programme since 2002. In order not to leave anyone behind, it combines life-saving assistance with longer-term in-stitution building, thereby addressing the nexus be-tween development assistance and humanitarian aid. It is a pleasure for me to approve the new Swiss Co-operation Strategy for Afghanistan for 2019 – 2022. The strategy is aligned with the Sustainable Devel-opment Goals and the Government of Afghanistan’s national development priorities, while responding to the needs of the Afghan people. It builds on the suc-cessful experiences and lessons learned of the past years’ development cooperation, while focusing on specific areas where Switzerland can offer an addi-tional value.

I trust that through these endeavours, Switzerland will meaningfully support Afghanistan on its path-way out of fragility and towards sustainable develop-ment.

Sincerely,Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Manuel SagerDirector General

Foreword

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Over the past four decades, Afghanistan has been the scene of two protracted foreign military interventions and a civil war. The long period of armed conflict has taken a heavy toll on Afghanistan’s institutions, creat-ed enormous human suffering and hindered its eco-nomic and social development. Today, Afghanistan is among the poorest countries in the world and highly fragile in all dimensions. Nevertheless, over the past sixteen years, important progress has been achieved in education, health, rural development, justice and good governance. Continued joint efforts by the Af-ghan government and the international community are crucial to sustain what has been achieved and to ensure no one is left behind.

Economic and Social SituationAfghanistan’s economic foundations remain weak and the country is highly aid dependent, both for ci-vilian and military expenditure. In 2017, foreign aid accounted for 66% of the national budget. There is a marked downward trend in the amount of for-eign aid, which risks to negatively affect develop-ment investments in the country or even basic service delivery in the years to come. Despite considerable amounts of foreign aid, poverty remains high. Data from the recent Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey shows a sharp increase in poverty rates from 36.5% in 2011/12 to 54.5% in 2016/17, which is driven by insecurity, stagnating economic growth and a high age dependency ratio1. Unemployment and under-employment currently stand at 24% and 20% re-spectively.

1 The age dependency ratio measures the ratio of dependents (those younger than 15 years old and older than 65 years old) to the working-age population (15-64). In Afghanistan, the ratio is 0.85, mostly driven by the high proportion of children and adoles-cents, who account for 43% of the population.

Agriculture is the most important sector in terms of employment, with 40% of the working population either directly or indirectly engaged in it. However, agriculture is mostly small scale with very limited mar-ket linkages. Low productivity and limited access to markets contribute to high levels of food insecurity with an estimated 44% of the population being af-fected. The high dependence on rainfed agriculture and the lack of adaptive skills make Afghanistan’s agriculture vulnerable to adverse weather, natural disasters and climate change.

Education is an important foundation for economic development and one that is still severely lacking in Afghanistan. Less than 50% of adult men and less than 20% of adult women can read and write. By 2001, fewer than one million children were in school, almost none of them girls. Since then, this number has increased nine-fold and approximately 40% of enrolled students are girls. Nevertheless, enrolment remains low with an estimated 3.7 million children out of school, two thirds of them girls.

Social inequalities are manifold, but dominated by two key aspects: the gender gap and the rural-urban divide. Afghanistan ranks low in the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index (154 out of 188 countries assessed), with high rates of maternal mortality and adoles-cent pregnancy and low education levels and labour force participation for women. Social norms dictate a strict gender segregation and sexual and gender-based violence is a pervasive problem. Surveys sug-gest that over 87% of Afghan women experience at least one form of physical, sexual or psychological violence during their lives. Inequalities between rural and urban areas are striking. With an estimated 73% of the population, rural Afghanistan has higher pov-erty rates, higher food insecurity, significantly lower literacy rates and less access to health and other basic services.

1 Background and Context

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The humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan is one of the most complex protracted crises in the world. The country is vulnerable to shocks, which require emer-gency assistance and simultaneous resilience build-ing. The humanitarian needs originating from con-flict and natural disasters are increasing. The level of internal displacement is high, with more than 1.7 million displaced people. The situation has been exacerbated by high numbers of returning refugees and undocumented Afghans from Pakistan and Iran (over 795’000 returns in 2016, and more than 380’000 in 2017). These massive population move-ments have put additional pressure on resources and over-whelmed services, which were already stretched thin and unable to fulfil the basic human needs of the Afghan population. Most of the returnees and many of the internally displaced persons settle in ur-ban areas, often in informal settlements that lack ba-sic infrastructure. They are highly vulnerable and lack a social support system or network.

Political and Institutional ContextThe presidential election in 2014 failed to provide a clear result and led to a foreign-brokered National Unity Government between the two frontrunners. This configuration further undermined the weak legitimacy of the government and provided fer-tile ground for new opposition movements. Power struggles within the National Unity Government also slowed down reform processes and resulted in fre-quent blockages. The parliamentary elections, sched-uled for summer 2015, were postponed numerous times and were eventually held in October 2018. Presidential elections should follow in April 2019 and are likely to create disruptions of government activi-ties during the campaign phase. They also bear the potential for civil unrest as results may be contested. Terrorist attacks on voter registration and polling centres or political gatherings may contribute to in-creased insecurity.

A para-vet controls the egg production of a beneficiary of a poultry project in Khost. © TLO

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Persistently high corruption levels are a major con-cern for the Afghan government. Corruption chal-lenges the government’s credibility and undermines its bureaucratic effectiveness. It also remains a major obstacle to the rule of law in Afghanistan, with alle-gations that judicial decisions are biased in favour of government and parliamentary officials, and police investigations are blocked by powerful figures. This is reflected in the prominence of customary justice, which is the most used dispute resolution mecha-nism.

Four decades of war have left profound effects on the social fabric of the country and transformed the communities. The erosion of social structures pro-foundly affects the functioning of local governance mechanisms, notably those concerned with dispute resolution and the management of natural resources. Local grievances may then be exploited by conflict parties, thereby fuelling the war and driving fragility. The human rights situation in the country remains worrisome. Violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law are commonplace, despite the government’s political commitment to interna-tional frameworks. Civilian casualties and displace-ment remain high as a result of the ongoing conflict. The hesitant efforts to initiate a peace process in 2015 and 2016 ended without results or even direct talks. However, in February 2018, the Afghan Government made a surprisingly clear and generous offer to hold peace talks with the Taliban. Efforts towards initiat-ing a formal peace process are ongoing (including an unprecedented ceasefire in June 2018) and prospects for direct talks are more promising than before.

Security ConditionsInsecurity and armed conflict are doubtlessly the most salient drivers of Afghanistan’s fragility, not least be-cause the conflict has been ongoing in one form or another for such a long time. The most recent phase of the armed conflict (since 2001) continues unabat-ed. Approximately half of the country’s districts are either controlled or contested by the Taliban, who are still on the offensive while government security forc-es and their international supporters have assumed a largely defensive role since the drawdown of interna-tional troops in 2014. Conflict intensity, as measured by the number of incidents, remains high but seems to have reached a ceiling. In 2017, civilian casualties decreased for the first time since 2012. Persistent in-security in various parts of the country undermines the legitimacy of the government, which is unable to fulfil its core functions. This crisis of confidence is exacerbated by terrorist attacks in urban centres.

OutlookAfghanistan faces an uncertain outlook. It has to be assumed that conflict activity will remain high, at least during the next few years. Insecurity will contin-ue to negatively affect socioeconomic development, governance and human rights, while humanitarian needs will remain high. These factors will likely con-tribute to persistently high numbers of Afghan refu-gees, especially in neighbouring countries (see Annex 5 on Migration). The upcoming presidential elections are likely to have a negative effect on political stabil-ity and security. The support from the international community remains crucial to safeguard develop-ment achievements and to sustain state institutions.

A boy passing through a village in Takhar. © SDC

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Switzerland’s assistance to Afghanistan represents a meaningful contribution to overcome fragility in the country. Interventions are aligned with the OECD principles for good international engagement in fragile situations and contribute to the Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals defined in the New Deal for Building Peaceful States. Afghanistan is a signatory to the New Deal and a member of the g7+ group. The “Self-reliance through Mutual Accountability Framework” (SMAF), adopted in 2015, is the cur-rent compact between the Afghan Government and the international community. It reflects the peace and state building goals thematically and aims to fa-cilitate Afghanistan’s transition to self-reliance. The Afghan Government is assuming a stronger role in aid management, and pressure on donors to provide on-budget and discretionary funding has increased. Currently, more than 50% of overall development assistance is channelled through the national budget; however, implementation capacities on the govern-ment side are often weak, resulting in delays and inefficiencies.

At more than USD 4 billion per year, Afghanistan remains the largest recipient of official development assistance globally. However, this amount has de-creased markedly (-18% between 2014 and 2016). Thirty-three bilateral and multilateral DAC donors al-located aid to Afghanistan in 2016, making Switzer-land a relatively small donor in the Afghan context. Nevertheless, in all of its priority sectors, Switzerland ranks among the ten largest bilateral donors.

In the 2016 Brussels Conference on Afghanistan, Switzerland renewed its commitment to a long-term partnership with Afghanistan and pledged to main-tain its yearly financial commitment of CHF 26 mil-lion. Through its engagement in the country, Switzer-land contributes to the international burden-sharing.

As outlined in the Dispatch on International Coop-eration 2017–2020, poverty reduction stands at the centre of bilateral Swiss development cooperation, while the core mandate of the Swiss humanitarian

aid is to save lives and alleviate suffering. Swiss in-terventions in Afghanistan contribute to these over-arching strategic goals. Unlike most other donors, the Swiss presence in Afghanistan is purely civilian and not perceived as politically motivated, giving Switzerland credibility and acceptance within the Af-ghan population as well as among the government and international actors.

Switzerland’s long-term partnerships and pro-grammes constitute a distinctive added value in a context marked by short-term interventions and shifting priorities. Switzerland is also one of the few donors still connected to field realities through regu-lar project visits, allowing it to link local interventions and national policy dialogue and donor coordination. Among the international community, Switzerland is recognised for its technical capacities, its long-term approach and its field-level experience.

The Swiss Cooperation Office in Afghanistan is of key importance for Switzerland’s bilateral relations with Afghanistan and serves as the official Swiss represen-tation in the country. In coordination with the Swiss Embassy in Islamabad, it assumes political and con-sular tasks.

2 Swiss Foreign-Policy Objectives in Afghanistan, Contribution by Other Donors

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Community members in Khost © SDC

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The Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2015-2018 aimed at sustaining and enhancing accountable institu-tions, thereby contributing to good governance, the respect of human rights and the rule of law and at promoting inclusive and sustainable socioeconomic development. Switzerland strengthened the nexus between humanitarian aid and development coop-eration to provide emergency assistance and contrib-ute to sustainably improve living conditions of vulner-able groups.

Despite growing insecurity, numerous challenges to programme implementation and significant budget cuts, the portfolio has achieved positive results.

Domain 1: Governance and Human RightsInterventions in the Governance and Human Rights Domain aimed to support an inclusive state, improve access to justice and strengthen human rights institu-tions.

Through support to community policing structures, public hearings and the development and imple-mentation of provincial development plans, the population’s confidence in public institutions at the subnational level has slightly increased (from 30 to 34%). In Afghanistan’s centralised system, however, subnational institutions do not have any legislative or budgetary authority, limiting their scope of action.

3 Results of Swiss Contributions (2015 to 2018)

Group work in a school in Bamyan. © SDC

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The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission plays an essential role in monitoring human rights issues such as gender-based violence, torture and detention. Though still heavily dependent on inter-national funding, an increasing part of the Commis-sion’s budget is now funded by the Afghan Govern-ment. Both the Commission and the Civil Society and Human Rights Network submitted shadow reports for the second periodic review under the Convention against Torture. The Swiss-supported Human Rights Support Unit in the Ministry of Justice coordinated the inputs for the report submitted by the Govern-ment. As a result, the Afghan Government ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Tor-ture and adopted a new antitorture law.

The World Bank’s Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) through which Switzerland channels its on-budget funding continues to finance a large part of Afghanistan’s development budget. The fund’s support for public financial management and civil service reforms has resulted in higher domestic rev-enue collection and improved government capaci-ties. The Swiss-supported legal aid grants facility is a well-functioning mechanism providing legal services to women and vulnerable population groups in eight provinces. Fifteen courts dedicated to the imple-mentation of the law for the Elimination of Violence against Women have been established and now solve cases in accordance with human rights standards. The Human Rights Support Unit has been integrated as a directorate in the organisational structure of the Ministry of Justice and staff has been included in the national civil service scheme.

Domain 2: Socio-Economic DevelopmentInterventions in the Socio-Economic Development Domain focused on improving the livelihoods of ru-ral households, especially in mountainous areas. This was complemented by an increased engagement in the education sector to improve the quality of learn-ing.

Livelihood projects reached over 200’000 people per year. Interventions targeting agriculture resulted in increased yields of staple crops, such as wheat and potatoes. Over 445 ha of land were brought under (improved) irrigation, resulting in higher and more stable yields. Household nutrition has been improved through vegetable production as well as through poultry, egg and dairy production benefitting at least 4’500 households. Over 2’000 ha of land were pro-tected and rehabilitated through sustainable land management practices. At least 332’000 days of short-term employment (“Cash for Work”) were cre-ated. While Swiss interventions remained constrained to very limited geographical areas, they were themat-ically broad, which restricted their scale-up potential.

In 352 villages, the newly established Natural Re-source Management Committees and Watershed Associations managed natural resources. Communi-ty-based natural resource management contributed to local conflict reduction and social cohesion. 474 subnational institutions designed local development plans. Over 1’300 public and social audits were con-ducted. The weak capacities of government agencies at the subnational level and their lack of autonomy to plan, budget and implement hindered a strong involvement in development projects. Nevertheless, new projects and phases put emphasis on including government agencies to the extent possible.

In the education sector, emphasis was put on improv-ing the quality of education in government schools, especially at the secondary level. Over 150’000 boys and girls benefitted from over 3’000 better trained teachers and better equipped schools. The teacher practicum and the gender and human rights course, developed under a Swiss-funded project, now form part of the national teacher education curriculum. Communities’ and schools’ perceptions of service delivery by education authorities has improved sig-nificantly. Nevertheless, enrolment numbers did not increase. Insecurity and displacement as well as in-creasing poverty rates are possible explanations.

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Humanitarian AidThrough long-term support to multilateral partners (UNHCR, WFP, ICRC and IOM) and to the OCHA’s Country Based Pooled Fund for Afghanistan (Af-ghanistan Humanitarian Fund), Switzerland contrib-uted to the provision of humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable, especially persons displaced by conflict and natural disasters and returned popula-tions from neighbouring Iran and Pakistan. The Af-ghan context requires long-term engagement of do-nors, also in humanitarian aid, in order to be able to flexibly respond to emerging crises and to contribute to resilience building of the population. This obser-vation has led to a more integrated planning of the humanitarian and development engagement in the strategy 2019-2022.

The deployment of a Swiss expert to the WFP of-fice in Kabul significantly contributed to DRR main-streaming throughout WFP’s activities as well as the implementation of a common DRR approach by key humanitarian stakeholders (government, UN agen-cies, and donors) in the country.

What is the nexus?Applying a nexus approach means fos-tering the complementary use of funds, intervention modalities, instruments, approaches and knowledge from both humanitarian aid and development coop-eration. They are applied as required in a given situation to achieve better and more sustainable results. The integrative use of instruments (both bilateral and multilater-al) of humanitarian aid and development cooperation means that they complement each other, are interlinked and create synergies to meet people’s needs in the short-, medium- and long-term.

A man has received food assistance. © WFP

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Lessons LearnedThe evaluation of the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2015-2018 confirmed the high relevance of the Swiss engagement for the needs and priorities of Af-ghanistan. Its findings underlined the importance of indepth analysis and context-specific interventions. Three main lessons learned were identified and have been taken into account in the design of the present strategy. Firstly, the result framework had certain weaknesses with outcomes considered over-ambi-tious and with a large number of indicators, some of which were not measurable and/or lacked targets and baselines. This hampered results-reporting and

accountability during the strategy period. The use of cross-sectoral domains was seen as counterproduc-tive to achieving greater thematic focus. Secondly, humanitarian issues and objectives were insufficiently integrated in the strategy. The result framework in particular lacked indicators to reflect the results of Switzerland’s sizeable humanitarian engagement in the country. Moreover, the nexus between develop-ment assistance and humanitarian aid was insuffi-ciently realised. Thirdly, the evaluation found that the support to subnational governance institutions was of limited effectiveness, since there was a lack of po-litical will to decentralise and devolve responsibilities to lower levels.

Returnees from Pakistan load all their belongings on a truck. © Andrew Quilty for IOM

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Fragility permeates all aspects of the Afghan context and is a complex and multidimensional challenge. Humility and realistic expectations are crucial for all development interventions, but even more so in frag-ile situations. Switzerland can only aspire to contrib-ute to positive developments on a policy level and to mitigate the repercussions of conflict and fragility on the poorest through well-targeted and context-sensitive interventions. Switzerland therefore contin-ues to combine a long-term vision with flexible pro-gramming while taking advantage of opportunities and investing in what has shown to be successful. Considering the main drivers of fragility (insecurity, weak state legitimacy, weak government institutions and high poverty levels), Swiss interventions aim to strengthen national systems and institutions while improving living conditions at the local level.

The thematic areas of intervention have proven rel-evant and are maintained as they respond to the needs of the population and address key drivers of fragility. They are also in line with the priorities of the government and allow Switzerland to build on its experience and networks. Nevertheless, the internal mid-term review and the external evaluation of the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2015-2018 identified the need for Switzerland to further sharpen its thematic focus.

This implies a stronger emphasis on specific niches where Switzerland can make a difference and an adaptation of the domains of intervention. The pre-vious cross-sectoral domain “Socio-economic De-velopment” has been separated into two thematic domains (“Agriculture and Natural Resource Man-agement” and “Basic Education”). The previous “Governance and Human Rights” domain has been refocused on “Rule of Law and Protection”, integrat-ing humanitarian and development aspects.

In light of the fact that the government has not pri-oritised subnational governance during the last strat-egy period, it is suggested to phase out local govern-ance programmes and to integrate governance as a transversal theme in sectoral programmes. Gender issues require continued attention with realistic tar-gets and context-sensitive approaches and gender is maintained as a transversal theme.

Given Afghanistan’s protracted crisis situation, hu-manitarian needs remain high requiring continued emergency assistance and resilience building at the same time. Additional efforts are needed by the in-ternational community, including Switzerland, to better leverage potential synergies and complemen-tarities between humanitarian aid and development interventions. Under the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2019-2022, the nexus between the different instru-ments is strengthened both at an operational and strategic level through joint context analysis and common objectives under each domain.

4 Implications for the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2019 – 2022

A farmer stands in his improved vineyard in Takhar. © SDC

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Young women in a traditional dance performance in Kabul. © Asia Cultural House/AKTC

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Swiss development cooperation and humanitarian aid in Afghanistan are aligned with the national priorities as defined in the Afghanistan National Peace and De-velopment Framework (2017-2021). The Afghan Gov-ernment strives to increase its self-reliance and improve the welfare of its people by building economic foun-dations and strengthening the rule of law. Through its interventions in Afghanistan, Switzerland contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 1 on ending poverty, Goal 2 on food security, Goal 4 on education, Goal 5 on gender equality, Goal 15 on sustainable natural resource management and Goal 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions. A strong link between the domains is the transversal theme governance. Its integration in sectoral projects of all three domains builds a solid basis for the Swiss position in promoting local and community-based governance in the policy dialogue with governmental entities at all levels, as well as with other donors.

Overall GoalSwitzerland contributes to reducing poverty, human suffering and loss of life in Afghani-stan. Switzerland promotes social cohe-sion and a peaceful society with effective, accountable and inclusive institutions for all people to be safe and live in dignity.

Switzerland supports Afghanistan’s pathways out of fragility and out of poverty by addressing interlinked dimensions of fragility. The focus is on interventions that have the potential to create positive feedback effects and reduce fragility across multiple dimen-sions. Small improvements will mutually reinforce each other and gradually set in motion a virtuous circle of incremental change: people who are safe and whose rights are protected are able to invest in socio-economic development while improved socio-economic conditions enhance participation in society and reduce factors pushing individuals to engage in armed conflict.

Taking into account the complexity of the Afghan context, the large extent of the needs and the rela-tively small Swiss engagement, expectations must remain modest. Switzerland will not achieve the ob-jectives outlined above alone, but through targeted interventions in a specific number of thematic areas and subsectors, it can make a meaningful contribu-tion to positive change in Afghanistan within clearly defined niches. In order to do so, Switzerland works hand in hand with the Afghan government, the in-ternational community and civil society on a limited number of projects. This approach is reflected in the focus of the three priority domains outlined below and specified in the Result Framework in Annex 3.

5 Priorities, Objectives and Impact Hypotheses

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Domain 1 – Rule of Law and ProtectionAfghan citizens see their fundamental rights protected and their personal safety ensured

Interventions in this domain mainly address the politi-cal and security dimensions of fragility and empha-sise protection aspects. Under outcome 1 “Afghan citizens have improved access to quality justice ser-vices and their human rights are better respected, protected and fulfilled”, Switzerland continues its support to the national human rights commission and civil society organisations in line with the objec-tives of the FDFA Human Rights Strategy 2016-2019. Under this outcome, Switzerland also contributes to strengthen the trust between the population and the Afghan Government by improving access to quality justice services for men and women. Through sup-port to institutional reforms of the justice system, its inclusiveness, transparency and respect of human rights will be enhanced. Particular emphasis will be placed on strengthening the institutional linkages between customary mechanisms, formal justice and human rights institutions within a coherent national framework. Interventions will target both urban and rural areas.

Under outcome 2 “People in need, especially dis-placed and conflict-affected persons, have access to life-saving assistance and their fundamental rights are protected”, Switzerland contributes to life-sav-ing assistance, especially to displaced and returned populations, through the main humanitarian agen-cies in the country. At the policy level, Switzerland advocates for the protection and long-term reinte-gration of internally displaced persons and returnees as well as for improved access to people in need of assistance.

Domain 2 – Agriculture and Natural Resource ManagementSmallholder farmers sustainably improve their livelihoods and enhance their resilience

Interventions in agriculture, rural development and natural resource management mainly address the economic, environmental and societal dimensions of fragility and emphasise inclusion. To achieve the out-comes under this domain (Outcome 1 “Smallholder farmers increase their productivity and income, and food insecurity is reduced” and Outcome 2 “Small-holder farmers sustainably manage their natural resources and become more resilient”) Swiss inter-ventions will strengthen public service delivery and promote sustainable natural resource management. Potential impacts from natural hazards and climate change will be considered and mitigated where ap-propriate with DRR measures.

The programme will continue to work directly with farmers at the local level, especially in remote and mountainous areas where poverty and food insecu-rity are highest. Women will be involved to the extent possible in socially accepted activities. In its response to food insecurity, Switzerland will also continue to support the World Food Programme for the provision of food assistance and asset creation.

Switzerland will also strengthen its relationship with the Ministry of Agriculture, in particular with the General Directorates for Natural Resource Manage-ment and Extension. Both entities play an active role in Swiss projects which contribute to create stronger institutional capacities – especially at the subnational level – and facilitate the feedback of project experi-ences into policies.

Men work on improving a rural road in Takhar. © SDC

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Domain 3 – Basic EducationGirls and boys benefit from safe, equitable and relevant quality basic education

Interventions in this domain mainly address the eco-nomic and societal dimensions of fragility, with both protection and inclusion concerns represented. Con-sidering the importance of education for social cohe-sion and economic development, the emphasis is on improved access and quality of education.

The goal is that girls and boys benefit from safe, eq-uitable and relevant quality basic education. Inter-ventions will be implemented in both rural and urban areas. Under outcome 1 “Girls and boys, including in emergencies, have increased access to safe and quali-ty education”, Swiss interventions will work at the lo-cal level towards promoting community involvement in education to achieve safe and conducive learning environments and increase enrolment. By support-ing specific Education in Emergencies interventions, Switzerland will help vulnerable and conflict-affected children to access education and protection. Under outcome 2 “Education authorities, academic super-visors, teachers and administrators provide better services”, Swiss interventions will focus on strength-ening the academic supervision system to provide schools and teachers with guidance and support to improve the quality and relevance of education. In its policy dialogue at the national level, Switzerland will advocate for improved linkages between non-formal education and the formal school system.

Female Skateistan students outside of the Kabul skatepark.

© Skateistan

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Aid Modalities and ApproachesThrough its interventions in Afghanistan, Switzer-land pursues context-sensitive and result-oriented development cooperation and humanitarian assis-tance. Three scenarios have been elaborated and are described in Annex 6. Taking into consideration the uncertainties of the context, a flexible modality mix is maintained (mandates, contributions, secondments, multilateral and bilateral interventions). Develop-ment and humanitarian instruments are applied in a coherent and complementary way, whereby devel-opment instruments focus on addressing structural challenges while humanitarian instruments address crisis-specific challenges. Governance, especially local and community-based, remains an important cross-cutting issue, which is integrated in sectoral projects. Experiences have shown the importance of embed-ding project interventions in the local context and aligning them with prevailing social norms. While social norms should be challenged, this needs to be done in small incremental steps with great sensitivity and modest expectations. Introducing concepts per-ceived as externally imposed, such as gender equal-ity, not only risks to undermine the project’s accept-ance, but will also have limited benefit and may even create negative backlash. In this sense, while gender equality will remain a transversal theme in the Swiss Cooperation Strategy, it needs to be applied carefully and in a context-sensitive manner.

Switzerland participates in relevant thematic (donor) groups for justice, human rights, education, agricul-ture, NRM and humanitarian aid. While it does not assume a leading role in any particular sector, nota-bly due to human resource constraints, Switzerland is recognised for its active involvement in policy dis-cussions, its coherent messaging and its close link to field realities.

Financial CommitmentsThe high level of needs in Afghanistan certainly justi-fies a more important engagement of Switzerland in Afghanistan. Humanitarian Aid funding will increase from CHF 7.5 million to CHF 9 million per year, while development funding is foreseen to remain at CHF 18 million per year. The total Swiss commitments amount to CHF 27 million per year. Development in-terventions can be scaled up when windows of op-portunities open and the context is conducive for an increased engagement.

Following Switzerland’s commitment at the 2012 To-kyo Conference, it is proposed to continue on-budget funding through the World Bank’s multi-donor trust fund at the current level (16% of annual develop-ment budget). While options for further on-budget funding are continuously explored, the added value of Switzerland as a relatively small donor is higher in piloting innovations and addressing neglected areas. Switzerland engages in coordination and policy dia-logue fora to support the achievements of its stra-tegic objectives and to monitor the progress of the international compact (SMAF).

6 Management of the Implementation of the Strategy

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Geographic FocusTaking into account that security conditions may change rapidly, vary locally and are difficult to predict, the flexibility within projects is of particular impor-tance to allow adjustments. This includes adaptation of activities, modalities and work plans, temporary suspension or even a shift to different districts. The fragility of the Afghan context also requires flexibility in the geographic focus of interventions. The selec-tion of target areas for development programmes considers various criteria: poverty levels, the security situation, government priorities, the availability of implementing partners, and the presence or absence of other donors.

The choice of target areas therefore varies between sectors and there is no automatic clustering of Swiss-supported initiatives in a certain area of the coun-try. Synergies within the programme are created along thematic overlaps between the domains and between development and humanitarian projects within the domains. Programmes continue adopt-ing a long-term approach in their respective areas of intervention and aim to stay engaged. For humani-tarian aid, target areas will be defined according to the prevailing needs of people affected by crises such as conflict-induced displacement or natural hazards. Switzerland will continue to support initiatives to en-hance operational and physical access, so develop-ment and humanitarian actors can reach people in need even in areas outside of government control.

Human ResourcesThe operational realities of the Swiss Cooperation Of-fice in Afghanistan have to be taken into account in strategic planning. Recruiting and retaining qualified and experienced human resources (both Swiss and Afghan) remains a particular challenge with implica-tions for portfolio development and monitoring. The Head of Cooperation acts as the official Swiss rep-resentative in Afghanistan, with political and consu-lar tasks constituting a considerable share of his/her workload. Security management requires dedicated resources and the security advisor plays a crucial role in gathering and analysing information through in-ternational networks, implementing and maintaining security systems and standard operating procedures for daily live in Kabul, as well as for field missions.

School girls in Badakhshan. © SDC

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The multidimensional fragility in general and the armed conflict in particular pose considerable risks to development and humanitarian actors in Af-ghanistan. In the most likely scenario, no significant improvements in the security and socio-economic situation are expected for the next four years. It is, however, probable that different fields of observation identified in the scenarios (see Annex 6) will evolve in different directions, resulting in “mixed scenarios”. This underlines the need to monitor development-relevant changes closely and to adapt programming flexibly. The Swiss Cooperation Office Afghanistan continuously monitors current events through its networks and partners in the country. Through its context monitoring exercise, conducted three to four times yearly, it monitors the scenario indicators, al-lowing it to anticipate further changes that might re-quire an adaptation of the programme (see Annex 7).

The high level of corruption in the country and the low financial management capacities of some im-plementing partners constitute a significant fiduciary risk. High importance is therefore attached to partner risk assessments and sound financial analysis. Regu-lar monitoring visits of projects will continue – secu-rity permitting – and are conducted jointly by pro-gramme and finance staff, where relevant.

The annual report synthesises project-specific results and forms the basis for result monitoring and report-ing at the strategic level. Monitoring development and humanitarian outcomes will remain a challenge. National-level data is often incomplete, outdated and of questionable reliability. Insecurity and social norms may impede direct access to beneficiaries, especially women. Qualified consultants for external reviews are often reluctant to work in remote rural areas. In response, the indicators in the Result Framework (see Annex 3) have been defined to ensure their measur-ability by project partners.

7 Strategic Steering

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A young boy is sitting on a mud wall in Takhar. © SDC

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8 Appendices

Annex 1: List of AcronymsAIHRC Afghanistan Independent Human Rights CommissionALCS Afghanistan Living Conditions SurveyANDMA Afghanistan National Disaster Management AuthorityANPDF Afghanistan National Peace and Development

FrameworkANSF Afghanistan National Security ForcesAOG Armed Opposition GroupARTF Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust FundASLI Agricultural Services and Livelihood ImprovementAUPP Afghanistan Urban Peacebuilding Programme (project)CDC Community Development CouncilCEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination Against WomenCHF Swiss Franks/ Common Humanitarian FundCS Country StrategyCSO Civil Society Organisation/ Central Statistic

OrganisationCSPM Conflict Sensitive Programme ManagementDAC Development Assistance CommitteeDiREC Displacement and Returnees Executive CommitteeDRR Disaster Risk ReductionEiE Education in EmergenciesEMIS Education Monitoring and Information SystemFAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisationg7+ Group of (self-declared) fragile statesGDP Gross Domestic ProductGPE Global Partnership for EducationHA Humanitarian AidHRP Humanitarian Response PlanHRSU Human Rights Support UnitICRC International Committee of the Red CrossIDP Internally Displaced PersonIHL International Humanitarian Law

INSO International NGO Safety OrganisationIOM International Organisation for MigrationMAIL Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and LivestockMERV Monitoring entwicklungsrelevanter Veränderungen

(SDC context monitoring)MoE Ministry of EducationMoJ Ministry of JusticeMoRR Ministry of Refugees and RepatriationNESP National Education Strategic PlanNGO Non-Governmental OrganisationNPP National Priority ProgrammeNRC Norwegian Refugee CouncilNRM Natural Resource ManagementOCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsODA Official Development AssistanceOHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for

Human RightsPACTEC Partners in Aviation and Communication TechnologiesRAMA Rangeland ManagementSC South CooperationSDG Sustainable Development GoalSGBV Sexual and Gender-based ViolenceSLSD Sustainable Livelihood and Social DevelopmentSMAF Self-Reliance through Mutual Accountability

FrameworkTLO The Liaison OfficeUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUPR Universal Periodic ReviewUSD United States DollarWB World BankWEE Women's Economic EmpowermentWFP World Food Programme

25

Annex 2: Hierarchy of Objectives

26

Anne

x 3:

Res

ult F

ram

ewor

k

15

Ann

ex 3

: Res

ult F

ram

ewor

k

Dom

ain

of In

terv

enti

on 1

: Rul

e of

Law

and

Pro

tect

ion

Goa

l: A

fgha

n ci

tizen

s se

e th

eir

fund

amen

tal r

ight

s pr

otec

ted

and

thei

r pe

rson

al s

afet

y en

sure

d (S

DG

16)

(1)S

wis

s Po

rtfo

lio O

utco

mes

(2)C

ontr

ibut

ion

of S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e(3

)Cou

ntry

Dev

elop

men

t or

Hum

anit

aria

n O

utco

mes

Out

com

e 1:

Afg

han

citi

zens

hav

e im

prov

ed a

cces

s to

qual

ity

just

ice

serv

ices

and

the

ir h

uman

rig

hts

are

bett

er r

espe

cted

, pro

tect

ed a

nd f

ulfi

lled.

1)X

X p

erso

ns (M

/F) w

hose

hum

an r

ight

s ha

ve b

een

bett

er r

espe

cted

dire

ctly

/indi

rect

ly (i

.e. w

ho a

reaw

are

of t

heir

right

s, h

ave

acce

ss t

o co

mpl

aint

mec

hani

sms

or ju

stic

e se

rvic

es) [

ARI

-HR3

]So

urce

: UN

DP,

AIH

RC r

epor

tsBa

selin

es:

-H

uman

/lega

l rig

hts

awar

enes

s: 3

4'42

2 pe

rson

s(9

'700

wom

en/ 2

4'72

2 m

en) (

2017

)-

Com

plai

nts

mec

hani

sm: 7

'432

cas

es (2

017)

-Ju

stic

e se

rvic

es (i

ncl.

lega

l aid

and

info

rmal

jus-

tice)

: 3'3

51 p

erso

ns (6

17 w

omen

/ 273

4 m

en)

(201

7)Ta

rget

s:

-H

uman

rig

hts/

lega

l aw

aren

ess:

35'

000

per-

sons

/yea

r-

Com

plai

nts

mec

hani

sm: 7

'500

cas

es/ y

ear

-Ju

stic

e se

rvic

es (i

ncl.

lega

l aid

and

info

rmal

jus-

tice)

: 3'5

00 p

erso

ns/ y

ear

2)%

of

pers

ons

(M/F

) in

targ

eted

are

as w

ith c

onfi-

denc

e in

pol

ice

forc

es a

nd t

he ju

dici

ary

(The

mat

icRe

fere

nce

Indi

cato

r)So

urce

: AU

PP, U

ND

P re

port

sBa

selin

e: p

olic

e: 6

2% (2

017)

/ ju

dici

ary:

to

be d

e-fin

ed b

y th

e en

d of

201

8Ta

rget

: 82%

for

pol

ice

/ jud

icia

ry: t

o be

def

ined

by

the

end

of 2

018

3)X

X s

urvi

vors

(m/f

) of

SGBV

tha

t re

gist

er c

ompl

aint

sto

rel

evan

t in

stitu

tions

(The

mat

ic R

efer

ence

Indi

ca-

tor)

Switz

erla

nd c

ontr

ibut

es t

o th

e re

spec

t an

d pr

otec

tion

ofhu

man

rig

hts

by s

uppo

rtin

g th

e na

tiona

l hu

man

rig

hts

com

mis

sion

, civ

il so

ciet

y or

gani

satio

ns a

nd ju

stic

e m

echa

-ni

sms.

The

obj

ectiv

e is

to

cont

ribut

e to

enh

ance

d so

cial

cohe

sion

and

trus

t bet

wee

n A

fgha

n ci

tizen

s an

d th

e st

ate.

A p

artic

ular

foc

us o

f the

Sw

iss

prog

ram

me

lies

on im

prov

-in

g ac

cess

to

just

ice

and

stre

ngth

enin

g th

e lin

kage

s be

-tw

een

form

al a

nd c

usto

mar

y ju

stic

e in

stitu

tions

. Sw

iss

in-

terv

entio

ns s

uppo

rt i

nstit

utio

nal

refo

rms,

whi

ch a

im t

om

ake

the

judi

ciar

y m

ore

incl

usiv

e, t

rans

pare

nt a

nd r

e-sp

ectf

ul o

f hum

an ri

ghts

. Ens

urin

g th

e in

clus

ion

of w

omen

and

disa

dvan

tage

d gr

oups

req

uire

s pa

rtic

ular

att

entio

n.

Risk

s

Prev

alen

ce o

f har

mfu

l cul

tura

l nor

ms

that

are

non

-com

pli-

ant

with

hum

an r

ight

s.

Clim

ate

of im

puni

ty.

Wid

espr

ead

corr

uptio

n in

the

jus

tice

sect

or.

MoJ

’s w

eak

capa

citie

s to

impl

emen

t th

e ju

stic

e se

ctor

ref

orm

age

nda

and

limite

d re

sour

ces

to p

rovi

de le

gal a

id s

ervi

ces.

Prev

alen

ce o

f co

nser

vativ

e so

cial

nor

ms

prev

ent

peop

le,

espe

cial

ly w

omen

, fro

m a

cces

sing

just

ice.

Out

com

e 1:

Afg

han

citi

zens

hav

e ac

cess

to

effe

ctiv

e ju

di-

cial

ser

vice

s w

ith

thei

r ba

sic

righ

ts a

nd f

reed

oms

bein

g pr

otec

ted.

(Im

plem

enta

tion

Plan

of t

he N

atio

nal J

ustic

e an

d Ju

dici

al S

ecto

rs R

efor

m a

nd th

e A

fgha

n-na

tiona

lised

SD

Gs)

1)

% o

f pe

rson

s le

gally

rep

rese

nted

at

one

or m

ore

cour

tap

pear

ance

s in

the

ir ca

ses

(dis

aggr

egat

ed b

y ge

nder

)So

urce

: Asi

a Fo

unda

tion

Surv

eyBa

selin

e: 1

8.8%

(201

7)Ta

rget

: n/a

2)%

of

peop

le w

ho h

ave

conf

iden

ce in

the

pol

ice

forc

esap

plyi

ng t

he r

ule

of la

w a

nd t

rust

the

judi

ciar

y (d

is-

aggr

egat

ed b

y ag

e, g

ende

r, s

ocia

l gro

ups)

Sour

ce: A

sia

Foun

datio

n Su

rvey

Base

line:

39%

for

pol

ice/

39.

5% f

or c

ourt

s (2

017)

Targ

et: n

/a

3)#

of c

ases

und

er t

he “

Elim

inat

ion

of V

iole

nce

agai

nst

Wom

en”

law

reg

iste

red

and

inve

stig

ated

by

the

Att

or-

ney

Gen

eral

's O

ffic

e.So

urce

: CED

AW

rep

ort

Base

line:

8'6

76 c

ases

(201

3-20

16)

Targ

et: n

/a

4)#

of r

epor

ting

com

mitm

ents

ful

fille

d by

Afg

hani

stan

to-

war

ds h

uman

rig

hts

mec

hani

sms

and

impl

emen

tatio

nre

com

men

datio

ns (e

.g. U

PR)

Sour

ce: H

RSU

, OH

CH

RBa

selin

e: 1

78 im

plem

ente

d; 1

31 in

pro

gres

s; 1

074

not

impl

emen

ted

/ 1 r

epor

t (2

017)

Targ

et: n

/a

27

16

Sour

ce: A

IHRC

, UN

DP

repo

rts

Base

line:

4'3

40 (2

017)

Ta

rget

: 5'0

00 c

ompl

aint

s pe

r ye

ar

4)O

vera

ll an

nual

bud

get

and

% o

f st

ate

fund

ing

for

the

Afg

hani

stan

Inde

pend

ent

Hum

an R

ight

s C

om-

mis

sion

(The

mat

ic R

efer

ence

Indi

cato

r)So

urce

: AIH

RC r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: U

SD 6

'230

'000

(ave

rage

201

5-17

); 20

%(a

vera

ge 2

015-

17)

Targ

et: U

SD 6

'500

'000

; 25%

5)Th

e A

fgha

nist

an N

atio

nal H

uman

Rig

hts

Com

mis

sion

reta

ins

its A

sta

tus

rank

ing,

acc

ordi

ng t

o th

e Pa

ris P

rin-

cipl

es2

Sour

ce: I

nter

natio

nal C

oord

inat

ing

Com

mitt

ee o

f th

eN

atio

nal I

nstit

utio

ns f

or t

he P

rom

otio

n an

d Pr

otec

tion

of H

uman

Rig

hts

Base

line:

AIH

RC h

as A

sta

tus

Targ

et: A

IHRC

ret

ains

A s

tatu

s

Out

com

e 2:

Peo

ple

in n

eed,

esp

ecia

lly d

ispl

aced

and

co

nflic

t-af

fect

ed p

erso

ns,

have

acc

ess

to l

ife-

savi

ng

assi

stan

ce,

and

thei

r fu

ndam

enta

l ri

ghts

are

pro

-te

cted

.

1)X

X r

etur

nees

(M/F

) pro

vide

d w

ith p

ost-

arriv

al a

ssis

-ta

nce

[ARI

-HA

2]So

urce

: IO

M p

roje

ct r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: IO

M 1

0'05

7 (2

017/

2018

)Ta

rget

: 14’

000

peop

le y

early

2)X

X p

eopl

e in

nee

d (M

/F) w

ith a

cces

s to

pro

tect

ion

and

basi

c se

rvic

es (e

duca

tion,

foo

d, h

ealth

, she

lter,

w

ater

) [A

RI-H

A2]

Sour

ce: C

HF

annu

al r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: 1

.47

mill

ion

peop

le (2

017)

Targ

et: 1

.48

mill

ion

peop

le

3)X

X a

id a

genc

ies

have

ope

ratio

nal (

secu

rity

advi

-so

ry, n

egot

iatio

ns) a

nd p

hysi

cal (

air

tran

spor

t) a

c-ce

ss t

o be

nefic

iarie

sSo

urce

: PA

CTE

C, N

RC a

nd IN

SO r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: 1

’746

pas

seng

ers

(201

7); 2

64 o

rgan

isa-

tions

(201

8)Ta

rget

: 2'0

00 p

asse

nger

s; 2

80 o

rgan

isat

ions

Switz

erla

nd c

ontr

ibut

es t

o th

e pr

ovis

ion

of e

mer

genc

y as

-si

stan

ce a

nd p

rote

ctio

n se

rvic

es f

or t

he m

ost

vuln

erab

le

peop

le, e

spec

ially

inte

rnal

ly d

ispl

aced

per

sons

and

ret

urn-

ees.

For

thi

s, it

wor

ks w

ith a

nd t

hrou

gh t

he m

ain

hum

an-

itaria

n ag

enci

es (

ICRC

, U

NH

CR,

IO

M)

and

Afg

hani

stan

's

Com

mon

Hum

anita

rian

Fund

.

Thro

ugh

its

prog

ram

mes

, Sw

itzer

land

al

so

help

s to

st

reng

then

the

ope

ratio

nal

inde

pend

ence

and

res

ilien

ce

of l

ocal

aid

pro

vide

rs w

hile

con

trib

utin

g to

exp

and

hu-

man

itaria

n ac

cess

(in

clud

ing

phys

ical

acc

ess

to h

ard-

to-

reac

h ar

eas)

.

Switz

erla

nd c

ontin

ues

to a

dvoc

ate

for t

he p

rogr

essi

ve a

nd

volu

ntar

y re

turn

of

Afg

han

retu

rnee

s as

wel

l as

thei

r in

te-

grat

ion

into

hos

t co

mm

uniti

es.

It ad

voca

tes

for

the

com

-pl

emen

tary

use

of

hum

anita

rian

and

deve

lopm

ent

inst

ru-

men

ts (n

exus

).

Risk

s

Wea

k ca

paci

ties/

lim

ited

auth

ority

am

ong

rele

vant

Gov

-er

nmen

t au

thor

ities

(MoR

R, A

ND

MA

).

Arm

ed c

onfli

ct d

eter

iora

tes,

gen

erat

ing

incr

ease

d in

tern

al

disp

lace

men

t.

Out

com

e 2:

Peo

ple

in n

eed

rece

ive

assi

stan

ce (H

uman

itar-

ian

Resp

onse

Pla

n 20

18-2

021

(HRP

)) an

d di

spla

ced

and

re-

turn

ed p

opul

atio

ns a

re in

tegr

ated

into

the

soci

al a

nd e

co-

nom

ic f

abri

c of

Afg

hani

stan

(Pol

icy

fram

ewor

k fo

r Re

turn

-ee

s an

d ID

Ps)

1)N

umbe

r of

peo

ple

in n

eed

prov

ided

with

ass

ista

nce

(dis

aggr

egat

ed b

y ge

nder

)So

urce

: HRP

rep

orts

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: tb

d (H

RP 2

018-

2021

for

201

9)

2)N

umbe

r of

peo

ple

in n

eed

have

acc

ess

to p

rote

ctio

nan

d ba

sic

serv

ices

, suc

h as

edu

catio

n, f

ood,

hea

lth,

shel

ter,

wat

er (d

isag

greg

ated

by

gend

er, r

etur

nees

,ID

Ps a

nd h

ost

com

mun

ities

)So

urce

: HRP

rep

orts

, DiR

EC A

ctio

n Pl

an (M

oRR)

Base

line:

edu

catio

n, 1

81’0

00; s

helte

r, 8

71’0

00; f

ood,

2m

illio

n; h

ealth

, 765

’000

; nut

ritio

n, 5

92’0

00; w

ater

,90

0’00

0) (H

RP 2

017)

Targ

et: t

bd (H

RP 2

018-

2021

for

201

9)

3)N

umbe

r of

IDP/

retu

rnee

s in

tegr

ated

in h

ost

com

mun

i-tie

sSo

urce

: Mul

ti-D

imen

sion

al In

dex

(MD

I), C

itize

n C

hart

er(W

B), D

iREC

Act

ion

Plan

(MoR

R)Ba

selin

e: 0

Targ

et: n

/a

2 Th

e Pa

ris P

rinci

ples

set

out

six

mai

n cr

iteria

tha

t na

tiona

l hum

an r

ight

s co

mm

issi

ons

are

requ

ired

to m

eet:

(1) M

anda

te a

nd c

ompe

tenc

e: a

bro

ad m

anda

te, b

ased

on

univ

ersa

l hum

an r

ight

s no

rms

and

stan

dard

s; (2

) Aut

onom

y fr

om G

over

nmen

t; (3

) Ind

epen

denc

e gu

aran

teed

by

stat

ute

or C

onst

itutio

n; (4

) Plu

ralis

m; (

5) A

dequ

ate

reso

urce

s; a

nd (6

) Ade

quat

e po

wer

s of

inve

stig

atio

n.

28

17

Det

erio

ratio

n in

Afg

hani

stan

’s r

elat

ions

with

its

nei

gh-

bour

s, e

spec

ially

Pak

ista

n, le

ads

to a

sud

den

mas

sive

influ

x of

ret

urne

es t

o A

fgha

nist

an.

Con

tinuo

us/in

crea

sed

viol

atio

ns o

f hu

man

rig

hts

and

In-

tern

atio

nal H

uman

itaria

n La

w (I

HL)

and

con

sequ

ent

re-

duct

ion

of h

uman

itaria

n sp

ace.

Acc

ess

rest

rictio

ns d

ue t

o m

ilita

ry o

pera

tions

, arm

ed

clas

hes

or t

arge

ted

viol

ence

aga

inst

hum

anita

rian

per-

sonn

el a

nd f

acili

ties.

Line

s of

Inte

rven

tion

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

O

utco

me

1 -

Con

trib

utin

g to

nat

iona

l ref

orm

s in

the

just

ice

sect

or a

nd e

nhan

cing

the

coo

pera

tion

of k

ey a

ctor

s (p

olic

e, a

ttor

ney

gene

ral’s

off

ice,

def

ence

law

yers

, jud

ges,

and

cus

tom

ary

just

ice

auth

oriti

es).

-Su

ppor

ting

capa

city

-bui

ldin

g of

just

ice

inst

itutio

ns w

ith s

peci

fic f

ocus

on

incr

ease

d le

gal a

id d

eliv

ery,

aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

of le

gal r

ight

s, a

nd h

uman

rig

hts

com

plia

nt le

gisl

ativ

edr

aftin

g.-

Supp

ortin

g th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent

of p

artic

ipat

ory

and

com

mun

ity-b

ased

saf

ety

asse

ssm

ents

.-

Con

trib

utin

g to

the

pro

mot

ion

and

prot

ectio

n of

hum

an r

ight

s, a

mon

g ot

hers

thr

ough

rel

ated

cap

acity

-bui

ldin

g of

rel

evan

t pu

blic

inst

itutio

ns; p

ublic

atio

n an

d di

ssem

inat

ion

of h

uman

rig

hts

rela

ted

mat

eria

l; ex

tens

ion

of h

uman

rig

hts

educ

atio

n an

d in

vest

igat

ion

and

follo

w-u

p of

the

cas

es o

f hu

man

rig

hts

viol

atio

ns a

nd c

ompl

aint

s.O

utco

me

2 -

Prov

idin

g co

mpr

ehen

sive

pos

t-ar

rival

ass

ista

nce

(sho

rt-t

erm

acc

omm

odat

ion,

bas

ic h

ealth

car

e an

d sc

reen

ing,

tra

nspo

rtat

ion

assi

stan

ce, c

ash

gran

ts, w

inte

r as

sist

ance

) to

retu

rnee

s (d

ocum

ente

d/un

docu

men

ted)

at

maj

or b

orde

r cro

ssin

gs-

Supp

ortin

g na

tiona

l and

inte

rnat

iona

l NG

Os

in p

rovi

ding

tim

ely

and

flexi

ble

emer

genc

y as

sist

ance

and

pro

tect

ion

in li

ne w

ith t

he H

uman

itaria

n Re

spon

se P

lan

thro

ugh

the

Com

mon

Hum

anita

rian

Fund

. Thi

s in

clud

es a

ssis

tanc

e to

IDPs

, hos

t co

mm

uniti

es a

nd r

etur

nees

for

nut

ritio

n, w

ater

and

san

itatio

n, e

duca

tion,

hea

lth a

nd s

helte

r.-

Stre

ngth

en t

he o

pera

tiona

l ind

epen

denc

e of

hum

anita

rian

and

deve

lopm

ent

acto

rs t

hrou

gh t

he p

rovi

sion

of

secu

rity

info

rmat

ion,

ana

lysi

s an

d tr

aini

ng-

Ensu

ring

phys

ical

acc

ess

for

aid

wor

kers

to

hard

-to-

reac

h ar

eas

thro

ugh

hum

anita

rian

air

tran

spor

t-

Con

trib

utin

g to

exp

ande

d/ p

rese

rved

hum

anita

rian

acce

ss b

y st

reng

then

ing

the

oper

atio

nal i

ndep

ende

nce

of a

id p

rovi

ders

.-

Adv

ocat

ing

for

prot

ectio

n an

d in

tegr

atio

n of

inte

rnal

ly d

ispla

ced

pers

ons

and

retu

rnin

g re

fuge

es t

hrou

gh p

olic

y di

alog

ue a

nd p

artic

ipat

ion

in h

uman

itaria

n fo

raRe

sour

ces,

Par

tner

ship

s (S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e)

Fina

ncia

l res

ourc

es: C

HF

50.5

mill

ion

(47.

4% o

f ove

rall b

udge

t; C

HF

26.8

mill

ion

Sout

h C

oope

ratio

n/ C

HF

23.7

mill

ion

Hum

anita

rian

Aid

)

Hum

an r

esou

rces

: Dep

uty

Dire

ctor

of

Coo

pera

tion

(80%

); 2

Nat

iona

l Pro

gram

me

Off

icer

s (2

00%

) for

out

com

e 1;

1 N

atio

nal P

rogr

amm

e O

ffic

er (1

00%

) for

out

com

e 2.

Part

ners

hips

: UN

Age

ncie

s (U

ND

P/U

N-H

abita

t/IO

M/U

NH

CR)

; Com

mon

Hum

anita

rian

Fund

(OC

HA

), A

fgha

nist

an In

depe

nden

t Hum

an R

ight

s C

omm

issi

on, n

atio

nal a

nd in

tern

atio

nal

NG

Os;

dia

logu

e w

ith M

inis

try

of J

ustic

e, M

inis

try

of In

terio

r; d

onor

s an

d im

plem

entin

g ag

enci

es fo

r ru

le o

f la

w a

nd h

uman

itaria

n ai

d (in

clud

ing

ICRC

). M

odal

ities

: Man

date

s an

d co

ntrib

utio

ns (b

ilate

ral,

mul

tilat

eral

, cor

e)

29

18

Man

agem

ent/

Perf

orm

ance

Res

ults

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

. See

Cha

pter

6 o

f CS

1.

Switz

erla

nd a

dvoc

ates

for

impr

oved

link

ages

bet

wee

n th

e fo

rmal

and

the

cus

tom

ary

just

ice

syst

em.

- Sw

itzer

land

act

ivel

y pa

rtic

ipat

es in

rel

evan

t co

ordi

natio

n fo

ra a

nd s

trat

egic

wor

king

gro

ups.

-

Switz

erla

nd c

lose

ly f

ollo

ws

up o

n th

e dr

aftin

g, a

ppro

val a

nd im

plem

enta

tion

proc

ess

of t

he n

ew la

w o

n th

e C

onci

liatio

n of

Civ

il D

ispu

tes.

2.

Switz

erla

nd a

dvoc

ates

for

the

incr

ease

d su

stai

nabi

lity

of s

uppo

rted

nat

iona

l ins

titut

ions

.

- Sw

itzer

land

adv

ocat

es f

or in

crea

sed

gove

rnm

ent

fund

ing

to t

he A

IHRC

. -

Switz

erla

nd a

dvoc

ates

for

a r

educ

tion

in t

he n

umbe

r of

don

or-f

unde

d te

chni

cal a

dvis

or p

ositi

ons

with

in t

he M

inis

try

of J

ustic

e an

d th

e In

depe

nden

t D

irect

orat

e fo

r Lo

cal G

over

nanc

e.

3.

Swis

s-su

ppor

ted

proj

ects

str

ive

to in

crea

se w

omen

's in

volv

emen

t in

pro

ject

act

iviti

es w

hile

tak

ing

into

acc

ount

con

text

-spe

cific

soc

ial n

orm

s.

- Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts w

ork

to in

crea

se w

omen

's a

cces

s to

just

ice

and

impr

ove

the

resp

ect

for

wom

en's

rig

hts

in ju

stic

e in

stitu

tions

(for

mal

and

cus

tom

ary)

. -

Swis

s-su

ppor

ted

hum

anita

rian

proj

ects

spe

cific

ally

tar

get

fem

ale

bene

ficia

ries,

who

are

the

mos

t vu

lner

able

in s

ituat

ions

of

conf

lict

and

disp

lace

men

t.

- Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts s

et t

arge

ts f

or w

omen

's in

volv

emen

t an

d re

port

sex

-dis

aggr

egat

ed d

ata

at a

ll le

vels

.

4.

Switz

erla

nd a

dvoc

ates

for

a f

lexi

ble

and

com

plem

enta

ry u

se o

f de

velo

pmen

t an

d hu

man

itaria

n in

stru

men

ts (n

exus

).

- Sw

itzer

land

sup

port

s a

clos

er e

xcha

nge

betw

een

deve

lopm

ent

and

hum

anita

rian

part

ners

, bot

h w

ithin

SD

C a

nd in

gen

eral

. -

Switz

erla

nd d

ocum

ents

goo

d pr

actic

es o

f th

e ne

xus

impl

emen

tatio

n in

Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts.

30

19

Dom

ain

of in

terv

enti

on 2

: Agr

icul

ture

and

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

e M

anag

emen

t (N

RM

) G

oal:

Smal

lhol

der

farm

ers

sust

aina

bly

impr

ove

thei

r liv

elih

oods

and

enh

ance

the

ir re

silie

nce

(SD

G 1

, 2 a

nd 1

5)

(1)S

wis

s Po

rtfo

lio O

utco

mes

3(2

)Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me

(3)C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent

or h

uman

itar

ian

outc

omes

Out

com

e 1:

Sm

allh

olde

r fa

rmer

s in

crea

se

thei

rpr

oduc

tivi

ty a

nd i

ncom

e, a

nd f

ood

inse

curi

ty i

s re

-du

ced.

1)25

% a

nnua

l yie

ld in

crea

se f

or p

otat

oes,

whe

at(k

g/ha

) and

dai

ry p

rodu

ctio

n (l/

ani

mal

) by

XX

far

m-

ing

fam

ilies

sup

port

ed [A

RI-F

S4]

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

ts (S

LSD

, RA

MA

, ASL

I)Ba

selin

e: 0

far

min

g fa

mili

es; p

otat

oes

16'5

60kg

/ha,

whe

at 1

'995

kg/

ha, d

airy

5 l/

cow

Targ

et: 1

6'00

0 fa

rmin

g fa

mili

es; p

otat

oes

20'7

00kg

/ha,

whe

at 2

'500

kg/

ha, d

airy

6.2

5 l/a

nim

al

2)X

X s

mal

lhol

der

farm

ers

(M/F

) inc

reas

e th

eir

inco

me

in a

gric

ultu

re (c

rop

culti

vatio

n an

d liv

esto

ck) [

ARI

-E1

]So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

(SLS

D, R

AM

A, A

SLI)

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: 16'

000

smal

lhol

der

farm

ers

3)X

X s

mal

lhol

der

farm

ers,

esp

ecia

lly w

omen

, pro

duce

vege

tabl

es, d

airy

or

poul

try

prod

ucts

for

hom

e co

n-su

mpt

ion

or lo

cal m

arke

ts.

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

ts (S

LSD

, RA

MA

, ASL

I)Ba

selin

e: 0

Targ

et: 8

'000

sm

allh

olde

r fa

rmer

s

4)X

X p

eopl

e (M

/F) i

n em

erge

ncy

situ

atio

ns r

ecei

vesu

ppor

t (f

ood

or c

ash

tran

sfer

s) [A

RI-H

A2]

Sour

ce: W

FP r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: 1

.2 m

illio

n pe

ople

(201

7)Ta

rget

: 1.6

mill

ion

peop

le p

er y

ear

Switz

erla

nd c

ontr

ibut

es t

o A

fgha

nist

an's

obj

ectiv

es i

npo

vert

y re

duct

ion

and

agric

ultu

ral d

evel

opm

ent

by s

up-

port

ing

smal

lhol

der

farm

ers,

esp

ecia

lly i

n re

mot

e an

dm

ount

aino

us a

reas

. Sw

iss -

fund

ed p

rogr

amm

es w

ork

di-

rect

ly w

ith f

arm

ers,

but

als

o ai

m t

o st

reng

then

sub

-na-

tiona

l ca

paci

ties,

par

ticul

arly

of

exte

nsio

n w

orke

rs.

This

cont

ribut

es t

o th

e re

form

age

nda

laid

out

in

the

2016

Nat

iona

l Com

preh

ensi

ve A

gric

ultu

re D

evel

opm

ent

Prio

r-ity

Pro

gram

me.

How

ever

, th

e ce

ntra

lised

pla

nnin

g an

dbu

dget

ing

syst

em,

the

limite

d fin

anci

al a

nd h

uman

re-

sour

ces

and

the

vest

ed in

tere

sts

of c

entr

al-le

vel o

ffic

ials

may

hin

der

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

se r

efor

ms.

Thro

ugh

its e

ngag

emen

t in

agr

icul

ture

, Sw

itzer

land

als

oco

ntrib

utes

to

impr

ovin

g fo

od s

ecur

ity in

Afg

hani

stan

, in

part

icul

ar f

or p

oor

rura

l fam

ilies

and

peo

ple

in e

mer

gen-

cies

(re

turn

ees,

ID

Ps,

vict

ims

of n

atur

al d

isas

ters

). It

ap-

plie

s hu

man

itaria

n an

d de

velo

pmen

t in

stru

men

ts i

n a

com

plem

enta

ry w

ay t

o m

eet

shor

t -te

rm n

eeds

and

con

-tr

ibut

e to

long

-ter

m d

evel

opm

ent

(nex

us).

Wom

en h

ave

a pa

rtic

ular

ly im

port

ant

role

to

play

whe

nit

com

es t

o nu

triti

on.

Smal

l -sca

le v

eget

able

, po

ultr

y an

dda

iry p

rodu

ctio

n al

so c

onst

itute

an

oppo

rtun

ity to

invo

lve

wom

en, s

ince

suc

h ac

tiviti

es a

re s

ocia

lly a

ccep

ted.

Em

er-

genc

y pr

epar

edne

ss m

easu

res

and

dire

ct s

uppo

rt in

the

form

of

nutr

itiou

s fo

od o

r ca

sh t

rans

fers

ena

ble

peop

leto

mee

t th

eir

basi

c fo

od r

equi

rem

ents

.

Risk

s

Adv

erse

clim

atic

con

ditio

ns a

nd e

xtre

me

wea

ther

eve

nts

(dro

ught

/flo

ods)

may

aff

ect

agric

ultu

ral

prod

uctio

n an

dfo

od s

ecur

ity.

Out

com

e 1:

Foo

d an

d nu

trit

ion

secu

rity

, a b

alan

ced

eco-

nom

ic g

row

th t

hrou

gh a

gric

ultu

re,

resu

ltin

g in

sta

bilit

y an

d ec

onom

ic e

mpo

wer

men

t of

wom

en a

nd m

en.

(Na-

tiona

l Com

preh

ensiv

e A

gric

ultu

re D

evel

opm

ent

Prio

rity

Pro-

gram

me

2016

-202

0)

1)In

crea

se w

heat

pro

duct

ion

to 5

.9 m

illio

n to

nsSo

urce

: CSO

Base

line:

4.0

5 m

illio

n to

nsTa

rget

: 5.9

mill

ion

tons

2)D

ecre

ase

the

prop

ortio

n of

peo

ple

suff

erin

g fr

om h

un-

ger

by 5

% p

er a

nnum

thr

ough

202

0.So

urce

: SD

G r

epor

ting,

ALC

SBa

selin

e: 4

4% o

f th

e po

pula

tion

is f

ood

inse

cure

and

12%

sev

erel

y fo

od in

secu

re (2

017)

Targ

et: 5

% a

nnua

l dec

reas

e

3)In

crea

se a

gric

ultu

ral p

rodu

ctio

n th

roug

h ki

tche

n ga

r-de

ns a

nd g

reen

hous

es a

nd s

tren

gthe

n w

omen

's li

ve-

stoc

k fa

rmin

g.So

urce

: WEE

NPP

Base

line:

20'

000

wom

en f

or v

eget

able

s, a

nd 6

00 f

orliv

esto

ckTa

rget

: 40'

000

wom

en f

or v

eget

able

and

10'

000

for

lives

tock

4)M

en, w

omen

and

chi

ldre

n re

ceiv

e lif

e-sa

ving

foo

d as

-si

stan

ce.

Sour

ce: H

RPBa

selin

e: 2

.2 m

illio

n (2

018)

Targ

et: 1

.4 m

illio

n (p

er y

ear)

3 A

ll re

sults

ref

er t

o SD

C t

arge

t ar

eas

31

20

Soci

al n

orm

s an

d pr

actic

es m

ay l

imit

poss

ibili

ties

for

wom

en's

invo

lvem

ent.

Ado

ptio

n of

impr

oved

agr

icul

tura

l pra

ctic

es r

emai

ns li

m-

ited

due

to a

lack

of

reso

urce

s an

d lo

w e

duca

tion

leve

ls.

Acc

ess

may

be

limite

d du

e to

sec

urity

con

cern

s.

Cha

nges

in

min

istr

y le

ader

ship

may

und

erm

ine

the

im-

plem

enta

tion

of r

efor

ms.

Out

com

e 2:

Sm

allh

olde

r fa

rmer

s su

stai

nabl

y m

anag

e th

eir

natu

ral r

esou

rces

and

bec

ome

mor

e re

silie

nt.

1)X

X h

a of

land

cov

ered

by

sust

aina

ble

land

man

age-

men

t pr

actic

es (a

gron

omic

, veg

etat

ive,

str

uctu

ral,

man

agem

ent)

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

ts (S

LSD

, RA

MA

, ASL

I), s

atel

lite

data

Base

line:

0 h

aTa

rget

: 7'0

00 h

a

2)X

X c

omm

unity

-bas

ed in

stitu

tions

def

ine

and

impl

e-m

ent

a na

tura

l res

ourc

e m

anag

emen

t pl

anSo

urce

: RA

MA

pro

ject

rep

orts

Base

line:

0 c

omm

uniti

esTa

rget

: 30

com

mun

ities

3)X

X p

erso

ns b

enef

it fr

om lo

cally

impl

emen

ted

DRR

mea

sure

s an

d tr

aini

ngs

[ARI

-HA

5]So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

(SLS

D, R

AM

A)

Base

line:

1'5

00 p

erso

nsTa

rget

: 3'5

00 p

erso

ns

Switz

erla

nd s

uppo

rts

Afg

hani

stan

's e

ffor

ts in

sus

tain

able

, co

mm

unity

-bas

ed n

atur

al r

esou

rce

man

agem

ent,

esp

e-ci

ally

in r

emot

e an

d m

ount

aino

us a

reas

with

a f

ocus

on

rang

elan

ds.

Swis

s-fu

nded

pr

ogra

mm

es

aim

to

st

reng

then

loc

al g

over

nanc

e m

echa

nism

s to

ens

ure

the

reha

bilit

atio

n an

d su

stai

nabl

e us

e of

nat

ural

res

ourc

es.

Prot

ectin

g th

e N

RM b

ase

will

als

o m

ake

com

mun

ities

m

ore

resi

lient

to

the

effe

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

and

miti

-ga

te d

isas

ter

risks

.

Issu

es r

elat

ed t

o N

RM a

re g

aini

ng p

rom

inen

ce a

t th

e na

-tio

nal

leve

l, bo

th w

ithin

the

MA

IL a

nd a

mon

g do

nors

. Th

e N

atio

nal N

RM S

trat

egy

sets

cle

ar p

riorit

ies

and

tar-

gets

. N

ever

thel

ess,

the

sec

tor

rem

ains

und

erfu

nded

and

go

vern

men

t re

sour

ces

and

capa

citie

s at

the

sub

natio

nal

leve

l are

insu

ffic

ient

.

Risk

s

Com

mun

ity-b

ased

inst

itutio

ns m

ay b

e do

min

ated

by

tra-

ditio

nal

elite

s an

d m

ay n

ot b

e in

clus

ive,

esp

ecia

lly o

f w

omen

.

Adv

erse

clim

atic

con

ditio

ns a

nd e

xtre

me

wea

ther

eve

nts

may

und

erm

ine

reha

bilit

atio

n ef

fort

s.

Lack

of

will

ingn

ess

of t

he g

over

nmen

t to

ado

pt a

nd im

-pl

emen

t th

e ra

ngel

and

man

agem

ent

mod

el.

The

need

of c

omm

uniti

es t

o ge

nera

te s

hort

-ter

m in

com

e m

ay

unde

rmin

e th

eir

supp

ort

for

long

-ter

m

NRM

m

easu

res.

Acc

ess

may

be

limite

d du

e to

sec

urity

con

cern

s.

Out

com

e 2:

Eco

syst

ems

are

heal

thy,

res

ilien

t an

d w

ell

man

aged

pro

vidi

ng a

goo

d en

viro

nmen

t of

hab

itat

ion

and

supp

orti

ng s

usta

inab

le a

nd e

quit

able

soc

ioec

onom

ic

deve

lopm

ent

for

qual

ity

life.

(N

atio

nal

NRM

St

rate

gy,

2017

-202

1)

1)Im

prov

ed r

ange

land

eco

syst

ems

and

ecos

yste

m s

ervi

ces

for

bett

er li

velih

oods

Sour

ce: M

AIL

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: 210

'000

ha

cons

erve

d, 2

05'0

00 r

esto

red

2)Ra

ngel

and

Man

agem

ent

Ass

ocia

tions

est

ablis

hed

and

capa

cita

ted

Sour

ce: M

AIL

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: 340

per

yea

r

3)A

t pr

esen

t, th

ere

is no

nat

iona

l mon

itorin

g an

d re

port

-in

g m

echa

nism

for

DRR

in p

lace

.

32

19

Dom

ain

of in

terv

enti

on 2

: Agr

icul

ture

and

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

e M

anag

emen

t (N

RM

) G

oal:

Smal

lhol

der

farm

ers

sust

aina

bly

impr

ove

thei

r liv

elih

oods

and

enh

ance

the

ir re

silie

nce

(SD

G 1

, 2 a

nd 1

5)

(1)S

wis

s Po

rtfo

lio O

utco

mes

3(2

)Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me

(3)C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent

or h

uman

itar

ian

outc

omes

Out

com

e 1:

Sm

allh

olde

r fa

rmer

s in

crea

se

thei

rpr

oduc

tivi

ty a

nd i

ncom

e, a

nd f

ood

inse

curi

ty i

s re

-du

ced.

1)25

% a

nnua

l yie

ld in

crea

se f

or p

otat

oes,

whe

at(k

g/ha

) and

dai

ry p

rodu

ctio

n (l/

ani

mal

) by

XX

far

m-

ing

fam

ilies

sup

port

ed [A

RI-F

S4]

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

ts (S

LSD

, RA

MA

, ASL

I)Ba

selin

e: 0

far

min

g fa

mili

es; p

otat

oes

16'5

60kg

/ha,

whe

at 1

'995

kg/

ha, d

airy

5 l/

cow

Targ

et: 1

6'00

0 fa

rmin

g fa

mili

es; p

otat

oes

20'7

00kg

/ha,

whe

at 2

'500

kg/

ha, d

airy

6.2

5 l/a

nim

al

2)X

X s

mal

lhol

der

farm

ers

(M/F

) inc

reas

e th

eir

inco

me

in a

gric

ultu

re (c

rop

culti

vatio

n an

d liv

esto

ck) [

ARI

-E1

]So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

(SLS

D, R

AM

A, A

SLI)

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: 16'

000

smal

lhol

der

farm

ers

3)X

X s

mal

lhol

der

farm

ers,

esp

ecia

lly w

omen

, pro

duce

vege

tabl

es, d

airy

or

poul

try

prod

ucts

for

hom

e co

n-su

mpt

ion

or lo

cal m

arke

ts.

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

ts (S

LSD

, RA

MA

, ASL

I)Ba

selin

e: 0

Targ

et: 8

'000

sm

allh

olde

r fa

rmer

s

4)X

X p

eopl

e (M

/F) i

n em

erge

ncy

situ

atio

ns r

ecei

vesu

ppor

t (f

ood

or c

ash

tran

sfer

s) [A

RI-H

A2]

Sour

ce: W

FP r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: 1

.2 m

illio

n pe

ople

(201

7)Ta

rget

: 1.6

mill

ion

peop

le p

er y

ear

Switz

erla

nd c

ontr

ibut

es t

o A

fgha

nist

an's

obj

ectiv

es i

npo

vert

y re

duct

ion

and

agric

ultu

ral d

evel

opm

ent

by s

up-

port

ing

smal

lhol

der

farm

ers,

esp

ecia

lly i

n re

mot

e an

dm

ount

aino

us a

reas

. Sw

iss-

fund

ed p

rogr

amm

es w

ork

di-

rect

ly w

ith f

arm

ers,

but

als

o ai

m t

o st

reng

then

sub

-na-

tiona

l ca

paci

ties,

par

ticul

arly

of

exte

nsio

n w

orke

rs.

This

cont

ribut

es t

o th

e re

form

age

nda

laid

out

in

the

2016

Nat

iona

l Com

preh

ensi

ve A

gric

ultu

re D

evel

opm

ent

Prio

r-ity

Pro

gram

me.

How

ever

, th

e ce

ntra

lised

pla

nnin

g an

dbu

dget

ing

syst

em,

the

limite

d fin

anci

al a

nd h

uman

re-

sour

ces

and

the

vest

ed in

tere

sts

of c

entr

al-le

vel o

ffic

ials

may

hin

der

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

se r

efor

ms.

Thro

ugh

its e

ngag

emen

t in

agr

icul

ture

, Sw

itzer

land

als

oco

ntrib

utes

to

impr

ovin

g fo

od s

ecur

ity in

Afg

hani

stan

, in

part

icul

ar f

or p

oor

rura

l fam

ilies

and

peo

ple

in e

mer

gen-

cies

(re

turn

ees,

ID

Ps,

vict

ims

of n

atur

al d

isas

ters

). It

ap-

plie

s hu

man

itaria

n an

d de

velo

pmen

t in

stru

men

ts i

n a

com

plem

enta

ry w

ay t

o m

eet

shor

t-te

rm n

eeds

and

con

-tr

ibut

e to

long

-ter

m d

evel

opm

ent

(nex

us).

Wom

en h

ave

a pa

rtic

ular

ly im

port

ant

role

to

play

whe

nit

com

es t

o nu

triti

on.

Smal

l-sca

le v

eget

able

, po

ultr

y an

dda

iry p

rodu

ctio

n al

so c

onst

itute

an

oppo

rtun

ity to

invo

lve

wom

en, s

ince

suc

h ac

tiviti

es a

re s

ocia

lly a

ccep

ted.

Em

er-

genc

y pr

epar

edne

ss m

easu

res

and

dire

ct s

uppo

rt in

the

form

of

nutr

itiou

s fo

od o

r ca

sh t

rans

fers

ena

ble

peop

leto

mee

t th

eir

basi

c fo

od r

equi

rem

ents

.

Risk

s

Adv

erse

clim

atic

con

ditio

ns a

nd e

xtre

me

wea

ther

eve

nts

(dro

ught

/flo

ods)

may

aff

ect

agric

ultu

ral

prod

uctio

n an

dfo

od s

ecur

ity.

Out

com

e 1:

Foo

d an

d nu

trit

ion

secu

rity

, a b

alan

ced

eco-

nom

ic g

row

th t

hrou

gh a

gric

ultu

re,

resu

ltin

g in

sta

bilit

y an

d ec

onom

ic e

mpo

wer

men

t of

wom

en a

nd m

en.

(Na-

tiona

l Com

preh

ensiv

e A

gric

ultu

re D

evel

opm

ent

Prio

rity

Pro-

gram

me

2016

-202

0)

1)In

crea

se w

heat

pro

duct

ion

to 5

.9 m

illio

n to

nsSo

urce

: CSO

Base

line:

4.0

5 m

illio

n to

nsTa

rget

: 5.9

mill

ion

tons

2)D

ecre

ase

the

prop

ortio

n of

peo

ple

suff

erin

g fr

om h

un-

ger

by 5

% p

er a

nnum

thr

ough

202

0.So

urce

: SD

G r

epor

ting,

ALC

SBa

selin

e: 4

4% o

f th

e po

pula

tion

is f

ood

inse

cure

and

12%

sev

erel

y fo

od in

secu

re (2

017)

Targ

et: 5

% a

nnua

l dec

reas

e

3)In

crea

se a

gric

ultu

ral p

rodu

ctio

n th

roug

h ki

tche

n ga

r-de

ns a

nd g

reen

hous

es a

nd s

tren

gthe

n w

omen

's li

ve-

stoc

k fa

rmin

g.So

urce

: WEE

NPP

Base

line:

20'

000

wom

en f

or v

eget

able

s, a

nd 6

00 f

orliv

esto

ckTa

rget

: 40'

000

wom

en f

or v

eget

able

and

10'

000

for

lives

tock

4)M

en, w

omen

and

chi

ldre

n re

ceiv

e lif

e-sa

ving

foo

d as

-si

stan

ce.

Sour

ce: H

RPBa

selin

e: 2

.2 m

illio

n (2

018)

Targ

et: 1

.4 m

illio

n (p

er y

ear)

3 A

ll re

sults

ref

er t

o SD

C t

arge

t ar

eas

21

Line

s of

Inte

rven

tion

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

Out

com

e 1

-Im

prov

ing

yiel

ds o

f st

aple

cro

ps t

hrou

gh im

prov

ed a

gric

ultu

ral p

ract

ices

, inp

ut p

rovi

sion

and

wat

er m

anag

emen

t.-

Supp

ortin

g ve

geta

ble,

dai

ry a

nd p

oultr

y pr

oduc

tion

to im

prov

e ho

useh

old

nutr

ition

and

eng

age

wom

en in

pro

ject

act

iviti

es t

hrou

gh t

rain

ing

and

dist

ribut

ion

of s

mal

l rum

i-na

nts

and

chic

ks (a

sset

cre

atio

n) a

nd e

stab

lishi

ng g

arde

n pl

ots

and

gree

nhou

ses.

-Pr

omot

ion

of h

igh

valu

e pr

oduc

ts (f

ruits

, nut

s, v

eget

able

s) b

y pr

ovid

ing

trai

ning

, tec

hnic

al s

uppo

rt, s

eeds

/ sap

lings

, inp

uts

and

stor

age.

-Pr

ovis

ion

of e

mer

genc

y fo

od a

ssis

tanc

e th

roug

h W

FP a

nd w

ithin

the

fra

mew

ork

of o

ngoi

ng d

evel

opm

ent

prog

ram

mes

, whe

re r

elev

ant

and

need

ed.

-Fo

rmat

ion

of c

omm

on in

tere

st g

roup

s to

bet

ter

link

farm

ers

to m

arke

ts a

nd im

prov

e th

eir

barg

aini

ng p

ower

.-

Trai

ning

and

equ

ippi

ng e

xten

sion

off

icer

s to

ena

ble

them

to

prov

ide

rele

vant

ser

vice

s an

d in

puts

to

farm

ers.

-C

reat

ing

shor

t-te

rm e

mpl

oym

ent

("C

ash

for

Wor

k") i

n co

nstr

uctio

n/ r

ehab

ilita

tion

of ir

rigat

ion

infr

astr

uctu

re.

Out

com

e 2

-Es

tabl

ishm

ent

and

trai

ning

of

rang

elan

d m

anag

emen

t as

soci

atio

ns.

-D

evel

opm

ent

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

ran

gela

nd m

anag

emen

t pl

ans,

incl

udin

g st

ruct

ural

mea

sure

s (e

.g. i

rrig

atio

n in

fras

truc

ture

, soi

l bun

ds, t

erra

cing

), w

here

nee

ded.

-M

ains

trea

min

g D

RR in

all

agric

ultu

re a

nd r

ural

dev

elop

men

t in

terv

entio

ns t

hrou

gh t

rain

ings

and

for

mat

ion

of D

RR c

omm

ittee

s.-

Prom

otin

g su

stai

nabl

e us

e of

nat

ural

res

ourc

es b

y es

tabl

ishi

ng d

emon

stra

tion

site

s fo

r su

stai

nabl

e la

nd m

anag

emen

t pr

actic

es, t

rain

ing

exte

nsio

n of

ficer

s an

d su

ppor

ting

repl

icat

ion.

-C

reat

ing

shor

t-te

rm e

mpl

oym

ent

("C

ash

for

Wor

k") i

n su

stai

nabl

e la

nd m

anag

emen

t ac

tiviti

es (e

.g. r

efor

esta

tion)

for

poo

r an

d vu

lner

able

pop

ulat

ions

.-

Enga

ging

the

Gen

eral

Dire

ctor

ate

of N

RM t

o de

velo

p an

d ap

prov

e a

natio

nal m

odel

for

com

mun

ity-b

ased

ran

gela

nd m

anag

emen

t.Re

sour

ces,

Par

tner

ship

s (S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e)

Fina

ncia

l res

ourc

es: C

HF

33.5

mill

ion

(31.

5% o

f ov

eral

l bud

get;

CH

F 28

mill

ion

Sout

h C

oope

ratio

n/ C

HF

5.5

mill

ion

Hum

anita

rian

Aid

)

Hum

an r

esou

rces

: 1 S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e M

anag

er (5

0%),

1 Se

nior

Nat

iona

l Pro

gram

me

Off

icer

(100

%)

Part

ners

hips

: Loc

al (T

LO) a

nd in

tern

atio

nal (

Afg

hana

id) N

GO

s; F

AO

; WFP

; Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, Irr

igat

ion

and

Live

stoc

k

Mod

aliti

es: M

anda

te p

roje

cts

with

NG

O im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs; e

arm

arke

d co

ntrib

utio

n to

FA

O p

roje

ct; a

nd u

n-ea

rmar

ked

cont

ribut

ions

to

the

WFP

cou

ntry

pro

gram

me,

and

to

the

ART

F.

Man

agem

ent/

Perf

orm

ance

Res

ults

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

, See

Cha

pter

6 o

f CS

1.Sw

itzer

land

adv

ocat

es f

or in

clus

ive,

pro

-poo

r po

licie

s an

d pr

ogra

mm

es in

the

agr

icul

ture

sec

tor.

-Sw

itzer

land

rai

ses

issu

es o

n po

vert

y fo

cus

and

incl

usio

n in

the

Agr

icul

ture

Wor

king

Gro

up a

nd in

ART

F do

nor

mee

tings

.-

Switz

erla

nd p

rovi

des

inpu

ts f

or n

atio

nal p

olic

ies,

pla

ns a

nd p

rogr

amm

es t

o en

sure

tha

t po

vert

y fo

cus

and

incl

usio

n ar

e ta

ken

into

con

side

ratio

n.

2.Sw

itzer

land

is r

ecog

nise

d by

the

Afg

han

Gov

ernm

ent

and

the

inte

rnat

iona

l com

mun

ity a

s a

lead

ing

part

ner

in t

he N

RM s

ecto

r.

-Sw

itzer

land

is a

n ac

tive

mem

ber

of t

he N

RM S

take

hold

er C

oord

inat

ion

Com

mitt

ee.

-Th

e Sw

iss-

man

date

d Ra

ngel

and

Man

agem

ent

proj

ect

is t

he n

atio

nal r

efer

ence

pro

ject

for

com

mun

ity-b

ased

nat

ural

res

ourc

e m

anag

emen

t.-

Switz

erla

nd s

uppo

rts

an a

nnua

l NRM

con

fere

nce

orga

nize

d jo

intly

with

the

Gen

eral

Dire

ctor

ate

for

NRM

.

3.Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts in

crea

sing

ly s

hift

fro

m a

dire

ct im

plem

enta

tion

appr

oach

tow

ards

a f

acili

tatio

n an

d sy

stem

-str

engt

heni

ng a

ppro

ach.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts w

ork

with

and

thr

ough

the

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

, Irr

igat

ion

and

Live

stoc

k's

stru

ctur

es a

t th

e su

b-na

tiona

l lev

el.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts h

ave

spec

ific

outc

omes

on

syst

em-s

tren

gthe

ning

and

cap

acity

-bui

ldin

g.

22

4.Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts s

triv

e to

incr

ease

wom

en's

invo

lvem

ent

in p

roje

ct a

ctiv

ities

whi

le t

akin

g in

to a

ccou

nt c

onte

xt-s

peci

fic s

ocia

l nor

ms.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts in

volv

e w

omen

in p

artic

ipat

ory

plan

ning

and

soc

ial a

udits

.-

Swis

s-su

ppor

ted

proj

ects

incl

ude

activ

ities

spe

cific

ally

tar

gete

d at

wom

en b

enef

icia

ries

(e.g

. veg

etab

le g

arde

ns, l

ives

tock

rea

ring,

and

dai

ry p

roce

ssin

g).

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts s

et t

arge

ts f

or w

omen

's in

volv

emen

t an

d re

port

sex

-dis

aggr

egat

ed d

ata

at a

ll le

vels

.

33

23

Dom

ain

of in

terv

enti

on 3

: Bas

ic E

duca

tion

G

oal:

Girl

s an

d bo

ys b

enef

it fr

om s

afe,

equ

itabl

e an

d re

leva

nt q

ualit

y ba

sic e

duca

tion

(SD

G 4

)

(1)S

wis

s Po

rtfo

lio O

utco

mes

4(2

)Con

trib

utio

n of

Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me

(3)C

ount

ry d

evel

opm

ent

or h

uman

itar

ian

outc

omes

Out

com

e 1:

Gir

ls a

nd b

oys,

inc

ludi

ng i

n em

erge

ncie

s,ha

ve in

crea

sed

acce

ss t

o sa

fe a

nd q

ualit

y ed

ucat

ion.

1)X

X c

hild

ren

(age

d 7-

15 y

ears

) gai

ned

acce

ss t

oba

sic

educ

atio

n (M

/F/ i

n em

erge

ncie

s). [

ARI

-EV

1]So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

, EiE

wor

king

gro

up, E

MIS

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: 25'

000

(50%

girl

s)

2)X

X a

nd %

of

targ

eted

sch

ool s

hura

s ar

e ac

tive5

and

impr

ove

scho

ol-b

ased

gov

erna

nce.

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

ts/M

oEBa

selin

e: t

o be

def

ined

Targ

et: 1

040

/ 80%

3)X

X a

nd %

of

targ

eted

sch

ools

with

saf

e6 an

d co

n-du

cive

lear

ning

env

ironm

ents

.So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

Base

line:

to

be d

efin

edTa

rget

: 104

0 / 8

0%

Switz

erla

nd c

ontr

ibut

es t

o th

e ac

hiev

emen

t of

the

tar

-ge

ts o

f th

e N

atio

nal

Educ

atio

n St

rate

gic

Plan

(N

ESP

lll).

Und

er t

he p

illar

of

equi

tabl

e ac

cess

, Sw

iss

inte

rven

tions

prom

ote

com

mun

ity in

volv

emen

t in

educ

atio

n to

ach

ieve

bett

er a

nd s

afer

lear

ning

env

ironm

ents

and

incr

ease

d en

-ro

lmen

t, t

here

by c

ontr

ibut

ing

to s

ocia

l coh

esio

n . T

his

pil-

lar

incl

udes

Ed

ucat

ion

in

Emer

genc

y in

terv

entio

nsth

roug

h fo

rmal

or

alte

rnat

ive

educ

atio

n. S

choo

l sh

uras

play

a k

ey r

ole

in m

obili

sing

com

mun

ities

, but

als

o in

en-

hanc

ing

acco

unta

bilit

y of

edu

catio

n se

rvic

es. I

n its

pol

icy

dial

ogue

at

the

natio

nal l

evel

, Sw

itzer

land

adv

ocat

es f

oren

hanc

ed c

omm

unity

eng

agem

ent

and

impr

oved

lin

k-ag

es b

etw

een

educ

atio

n in

em

e rge

ncie

s an

d th

e fo

rmal

scho

ol s

yste

m.

Risk

s

Acc

ess

may

be

limite

d du

e to

sec

urity

con

cern

s (in

clud

ing

the

use

of e

duca

tion

faci

litie

s by

par

ties

to t

he c

onfli

ct).

Com

mun

ities

do

not

fully

sup

port

edu

catio

n, e

spec

ially

for

girls

due

to

prev

ailin

g so

cial

nor

ms.

Shur

as a

re n

ot in

clus

ive

(esp

ecia

lly o

f w

omen

).

Insu

ffic

ient

fun

ding

and

sta

ffin

g fo

r sc

hool

s an

d th

e So

-ci

al M

obili

satio

n D

irect

orat

e.

Out

com

e 1:

Inc

reas

ed e

quit

able

ava

ilabi

lity

of r

espo

n-si

ve,

safe

and

con

duci

ve l

earn

ing

and

skill

s tr

aini

ng o

p-po

rtun

itie

s. (N

atio

nal E

duca

tion

Stra

tegi

c Pl

an, 2

017-

2021

) 1)

XX

chi

ldre

n (M

/F)

enro

lled

in g

ener

al e

duca

tion,

for

mal

and

non-

form

alSo

urce

: EM

ISBa

selin

e (2

017)

: 8.9

mill

ion

(39

% g

irls)

Targ

et (2

021)

: 10

mill

ion

(41%

girl

s)

2)N

et e

nrol

men

t ra

te in

gen

eral

edu

catio

nSo

urce

: EM

ISBa

selin

e (2

017)

: 59.

6% (M

: 72.

0%; F

: 46.

1%)

Targ

et (2

021)

: 71.

8% (M

: 81.

8%; F

: 61.

3%)

3)N

umbe

r of

act

ive

scho

ol m

anag

emen

t sh

uras

Sour

ce: E

MIS

/ NES

P m

onito

ring

Base

line

(201

7): 6

'902

Targ

et: t

o be

def

ined

4)%

of g

ener

al e

duca

tion

scho

ols

with

labo

rato

ries

and/

orlib

rarie

sSo

urce

: EM

IS, N

ESP

mon

itorin

gBa

selin

e (2

015)

: 25.

9% la

bora

torie

s, 1

0% li

brar

ies

Targ

et (2

021)

: 55.

5% la

bora

torie

s, 3

6% li

brar

ies

4 A

ll re

sults

ref

er t

o Sw

iss

targ

et a

reas

5

Acc

ordi

ng t

o th

e So

cial

Mob

ilisa

tion

stra

tegy

of

the

Min

istr

y of

Edu

catio

n, a

ctiv

e sc

hool

shu

ras

are

thos

e th

at f

ulfil

the

ir m

anda

te o

f aw

aren

ess

rais

ing,

mon

itorin

g, a

nd s

uppo

rtin

g sc

hool

s, in

clud

ing

faci

litat

ing

ongo

ing

oper

atio

ns o

f sc

hool

s in

cha

lleng

ing

envi

ronm

ents

. 6

For t

he S

DC

saf

ety

mea

ns t

o en

able

sch

ools

to m

inim

ise p

hysi

cal v

ulne

rabi

litie

s, im

prov

e sa

nita

tion

faci

litie

s, s

ecur

e dr

inki

ng w

ater

and

cre

ate

safe

and

pro

tect

ed s

pace

s fo

r ch

ildre

n.

34

24

Out

com

e 2:

Edu

cati

on a

utho

riti

es, a

cade

mic

sup

ervi

-so

rs, t

each

ers

and

adm

inis

trat

ors

prov

ide

bett

er s

er-

vice

s.

1)X

X

educ

atio

nal

pers

onne

l an

d te

ache

rs

(M/F

)tr

aine

d. [A

RI-E

V2]

Sour

ce: p

roje

ct r

epor

tsBa

selin

e: 0

Targ

et: 3

’160

(aca

dem

ic s

uper

viso

rs, t

each

ers

and

scho

ol a

dmin

istr

ator

s)

2)X

X a

nd %

of s

choo

ls re

ceiv

e im

prov

ed7 a

cade

mic

su-

perv

isio

n su

ppor

t.So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

, EM

ISBa

selin

e: 0

Targ

et: 1

040

/ 80%

3)X

X a

nd %

of

scho

ols

impl

emen

t te

ache

rs l

earn

ing

and

peer

sup

port

(with

in th

e sc

hool

and

am

ong

clus

-te

red

scho

ols)

.So

urce

: pro

ject

rep

orts

Base

line:

0Ta

rget

: 104

0 / 8

0%

Switz

erla

nd c

ontr

ibut

es t

o th

e ac

hiev

emen

t of

the

tar

-ge

ts o

f th

e N

atio

nal E

duca

tion

Stra

tegi

c Pl

an (N

ESP)

. Un-

der t

he p

illar

of q

ualit

y an

d re

leva

nce,

Sw

iss

inte

rven

tions

fo

cus

on s

tren

gthe

ning

the

acad

emic

sup

ervi

sion

sys

tem

. Th

is w

ill e

nabl

e th

e M

inis

try

of E

duca

tion

and

the

prov

in-

cial

an

d di

stric

t ed

ucat

ion

depa

rtm

ents

to

pr

ovid

e sc

hool

s an

d te

ache

rs w

ith g

uida

nce

and

supp

ort,

esp

e-ci

ally

tho

se w

ith q

ualif

icat

ions

bel

ow t

he r

equi

red

stan

d-ar

d (g

rade

14)

. Th

roug

h te

ache

r le

arni

ng c

ircle

s w

ithin

sc

hool

s an

d am

ong

clus

tere

d sc

hool

s, t

each

ers

will

ex-

chan

ge k

now

ledg

e an

d ex

perie

nces

.

Both

aca

dem

ic s

uper

visi

on a

nd t

each

er r

ecru

itmen

t de

-pe

nd o

n po

licie

s an

d fu

ndin

g fr

om t

he M

inis

try

of E

du-

catio

n. In

its

polic

y di

alog

ue w

ith t

he M

inis

try

of E

duca

-tio

n an

d th

roug

h ac

tive

part

icip

atio

n in

rele

vant

dia

logu

e an

d co

ordi

natio

n m

echa

nism

s (s

uch

as A

RTF

and

GPE

), Sw

itzer

land

adv

ocat

es fo

r allo

catio

n of

reso

urce

s to

thes

e cr

ucia

l are

as.

The

NES

P se

ts o

ut a

ref

orm

age

nda

for

the

Min

istr

y, b

ut

acto

rs b

enef

iting

fro

m t

he s

tatu

s qu

o m

ay h

inde

r its

im-

plem

ent a

tion.

Risk

s

Acc

ess

may

be

limite

d du

e to

sec

urity

con

cern

s.

Lear

ning

out

com

es r

emai

n w

eak

due

to a

lack

of

teac

her

acco

unta

bilit

y an

d m

onito

ring.

Insu

ffic

ient

fin

anci

al s

uppo

rt f

rom

the

Min

istr

y of

Edu

ca-

tion

for

acad

emic

sup

ervi

sion

.

Freq

uent

cha

nges

of

seni

or p

ositi

ons

at t

he s

ubna

tiona

l le

vel.

Out

com

e 2:

The

cap

acit

y of

sch

ools

/lear

ning

cen

tres

to

prom

ote

stud

ent

atta

inm

ent

as p

er n

atio

nal

stan

dard

is

impr

oved

. (N

atio

nal E

duca

tion

Stra

tegi

c Pl

an, 2

017-

2021

) 1)

% o

f sch

ools

rec

eivi

ng a

t le

ast o

ne a

nnua

l visi

t (fr

om a

c-ad

emic

sup

ervi

sors

)So

urce

: NES

P m

onito

ring

Base

line:

to

be d

efin

edTa

rget

: 100

% (2

020)

2)%

of

fem

ale

teac

hers

in g

ener

al e

duca

tion

Sour

ce: E

MIS

, NES

P re

port

ing

Base

line

(201

5): 3

3.3%

Targ

et (2

021)

: 40.

7%

3)%

of

teac

hers

with

the

req

uire

d qu

alifi

catio

ns (

at le

ast

grad

e 14

)So

urce

: EM

ISBa

selin

e: 4

3%Ta

rget

: to

be d

efin

ed

4)X

X c

rede

ntia

led

teac

hers

Sour

ce: N

ESP

mon

itorin

g, E

MIS

Base

line:

0 t

each

ers

(201

7)Ta

rget

: 250

'000

tea

cher

s (2

021)

5)Sc

hool

s w

ith p

rinci

pals

tra

ined

in s

choo

l man

agem

ent.

Sour

ce: E

MIS

, NES

P re

port

ing

Base

line

(201

7): 9

'000

prin

cipa

lsTa

rget

(202

1): 2

2'00

0 pr

inci

pals

7 Th

is e

ncom

pass

es a

) mor

e fr

eque

nt v

isits

of

acad

emic

sup

ervi

sors

and

b) h

ighe

r qu

ality

men

torin

g/ad

vice

by

acad

emic

sup

ervi

sors

.

35

25

Line

s of

Inte

rven

tion

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

Out

com

e 1

-Su

ppor

ting

com

mun

ity m

obili

satio

n an

d st

reng

then

ing

syne

rgie

s am

ong

loca

l edu

catio

n st

akeh

olde

rs (s

choo

l shu

ras,

CD

C e

duca

tion

sub-

com

mitt

ees)

to

incr

ease

enr

olm

ent

in r

emot

e an

d ha

rd-t

o-re

ach

area

s. P

ilotin

g in

nova

tive

solu

tions

to

incr

ease

girl

s' e

nrol

men

t.-

Wor

king

with

MoE

, pro

vinc

ial a

nd d

istr

ict

educ

atio

n di

rect

orat

es t

o em

pow

er c

omm

uniti

es (t

hrou

gh s

choo

l shu

ras

and

CD

C e

duca

tion

sub-

com

mitt

ees)

to

mon

itor

the

qual

ity o

f an

d ac

cess

to

educ

atio

n as

wel

l as

the

qual

ity o

f su

ppor

ting

serv

ices

.-

Prom

otin

g so

cial

aud

its a

s a

tool

for

par

ticip

atio

n, t

rans

pare

ncy

and

acco

unta

bilit

y.-

Impr

ovin

g le

arni

ng e

nviro

nmen

ts t

hrou

gh p

hysi

cal m

easu

res

(e.g

. san

itatio

n fa

cilit

ies,

reh

abili

tatio

n of

bui

ldin

gs, e

quip

men

t), i

n lin

e w

ith p

artic

ipat

ory

scho

ol d

evel

opm

ent

plan

s.-

Con

trib

utin

g to

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

nat

iona

l Edu

catio

n in

Em

erge

ncy

Resp

onse

Pla

n to

pro

vide

edu

catio

n to

ret

urne

e, ID

P an

d ho

st c

omm

unity

chi

ldre

n by

sup

port

ing

alte

rnat

ive

educ

atio

n.-

Prov

idin

g sa

fety

and

chi

ld p

rote

ctio

n tr

aini

ng f

or s

choo

l prin

cipa

ls, t

each

ers

and

scho

ol s

hura

s m

embe

rs t

o m

ake

lear

ning

env

ironm

ents

saf

er a

nd e

nsur

e su

ffic

ient

cap

acity

to m

anag

e ed

ucat

ion

for

retu

rnee

s an

d ch

ildre

n in

em

erge

ncy

situ

atio

ns.

Out

com

e 2

-Le

adin

g an

d su

ppor

ting

trai

ning

and

pro

fess

iona

l dev

elop

men

t pr

ogra

mm

es f

or a

cade

mic

sup

ervi

sors

and

equ

ippi

ng t

hem

with

the

nec

essa

ry r

esou

rces

to

fulfi

l the

ir m

an-

date

, inc

ludi

ng im

plem

enta

tion

of t

he le

arni

ng a

sses

smen

t fr

amew

ork.

-W

orki

ng w

ith a

cade

mic

sup

ervi

sors

as

the

mai

n en

try

poin

t to

impr

ove

the

qual

ity a

nd g

over

nanc

e of

edu

catio

n in

sch

ools

, inc

ludi

ng b

y su

ppor

ting

the

desi

gn a

nd im

ple-

men

tatio

n of

sch

ool d

evel

opm

ent

plan

s.-

Prom

otin

g pe

er-le

arni

ng a

mon

g te

ache

rs a

nd s

choo

l adm

inis

trat

ion

staf

f to

impr

ove

subj

ect-

spec

ific

and

met

hodo

logi

cal k

now

ledg

e.-

Prov

idin

g in

-ser

vice

tea

cher

tra

inin

g an

d co

achi

ng f

or t

each

ers

and

adm

inis

trat

ors.

-En

gage

in p

olic

y di

alog

ue a

t th

e na

tiona

l lev

el t

o ad

voca

te f

or a

str

ong

acad

emic

sup

ervi

sion

sys

tem

and

to

inst

itutio

nalis

e be

st p

ract

ices

(e.g

. pee

r le

arni

ng).

Reso

urce

s, P

artn

ersh

ips

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

Fina

ncia

l res

ourc

es: C

HF

19.7

mill

ion

(18.

5% o

f ov

eral

l bud

get;

CH

F 16

mill

ion

Sout

h C

oope

ratio

n/ C

HF

3.7

mill

ion

Hum

anita

rian

Aid

)

Hum

an r

esou

rces

: 1 S

wis

s Pr

ogra

mm

e M

anag

er (5

0%),

1 Se

nior

Nat

iona

l Pro

gram

me

Off

icer

(100

%)

Part

ners

hips

: Int

erna

tiona

l NG

Os

as p

roje

ct im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs; p

olic

y di

alog

ue w

ith W

orld

Ban

k, G

loba

l Par

tner

ship

for

Edu

catio

n an

d M

inis

try

of E

duca

tion

Mod

aliti

es: M

anda

te a

nd c

ontr

ibut

ions

, inc

ludi

ng t

o th

e A

RTF

36

26

Man

agem

ent/

Perf

orm

ance

Res

ults

(Sw

iss

Prog

ram

me)

, See

Cha

pter

6 o

f CS

1.Sw

itzer

land

adv

ocat

es f

or b

ette

r lin

kage

s be

twee

n th

e fo

rmal

edu

catio

n se

ctor

, lo

ng-t

erm

dev

elop

men

t pr

ogra

mm

ing

and

Educ

atio

n in

Em

erge

ncy

inte

rven

tions

with

shor

t-te

rm h

uman

itaria

n fu

ndin

g.

-Sw

itzer

land

is a

n ac

tive

mem

ber

of t

he E

duca

tion

in E

mer

genc

ies

wor

king

gro

up.

-Sw

itzer

land

rais

es is

sues

rela

ted

to th

e ne

xus

betw

een

deve

lopm

ent a

nd h

uman

itaria

n as

sist

ance

in th

e Ed

ucat

ion

Dev

elop

men

t Par

tner

s G

roup

, the

NES

P St

eerin

gC

omm

ittee

and

ART

F do

nor

mee

tings

.

2.Sw

itzer

land

is r

ecog

nise

d by

the

Afg

han

Gov

ernm

ent

and

the

inte

rnat

iona

l com

mun

ity a

s a

lead

ing

part

ner

supp

ortin

g qu

ality

of

educ

atio

n.

-Sw

itzer

land

is a

n ac

tive

mem

ber

of t

he T

each

er E

duca

tion

wor

king

gro

up.

-Th

e Sw

iss-

man

date

d A

fgha

nist

an Q

ualit

y Le

arni

ng p

rogr

amm

e is

the

ref

eren

ce in

terv

entio

n fo

r st

reng

then

ing

the

acad

emic

sup

ervi

sion

sys

tem

.

3.Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts in

crea

sing

ly s

hift

fro

m a

dire

ct im

plem

enta

tion

appr

oach

tow

ards

a f

acili

tatio

n an

d sy

stem

-str

engt

heni

ng a

ppro

ach.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts w

ork

with

and

thr

ough

the

Min

istr

y of

Edu

catio

n's

stru

ctur

es a

t th

e su

b-na

tiona

l lev

el.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts h

ave

spec

ific

outc

omes

on

syst

em-s

tren

gthe

ning

and

cap

acity

-bui

ldin

g.

4.Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts s

triv

e to

incr

ease

wom

en's

invo

lvem

ent

in p

roje

ct a

ctiv

ities

(e.

g. s

choo

l shu

ras,

par

ticip

ator

y pl

anni

ng,

soci

al a

udits

) w

hile

tak

ing

into

acc

ount

cont

ext-

spec

ific

soci

al n

orm

s.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts in

volv

e w

omen

in s

choo

l shu

ras,

par

ticip

ator

y pl

anni

ng a

nd s

ocia

l aud

its.

-Sw

iss-

supp

orte

d pr

ojec

ts s

et t

arge

ts f

or w

omen

's in

volv

emen

t an

d re

port

sex

-dis

aggr

egat

ed d

ata

at a

ll le

vels

.

37

Annex 4: SDC Priority Themes and Subsectors

38

Annex 5: Strategic link between international cooperation and migration in Afghanistan

While approving the 2017–20 dispatch and related framework credits, the Swiss Parliament requested a strategic link to be established between interna-tional cooperation and migration as set forth in the following federal decree: “A strategic link should be established between international cooperation and migration policy when this serves Switzerland’s inter-ests by further addressing causes of conflicts and mi-gration. Entering into agreements and partnerships in the area of migration should be encouraged” (BBl 26.09.2016/7875).

In line with the current state of reflection on the im-plementation of the mandate, it has been agreed that the mandate will be implemented within a co-herent framework under which strategic linkages are realised at political, geographic and thematic levels based on four main messages: 1) to recognise the obligation to protect those in need of protection, 2) to acknowledge the need of the globalised econ-omy for a mobile work force, 3) to tackle the root causes of conflict and forced displacement with ho-listic and long-term approaches and 4) to recognise the need for global governance structures in the field of migration.

Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world and highly fragile in all dimensions. More than half of the population lives below the poverty line, which amongst others is due to the deteriorating security situation, stagnating economic growth and increasing demographic pressure. While unemploy-ment and underemployment remain high (24% and 20%), Afghanistan’s population is growing rapidly and the youth bulge poses severe challenges, espe-cially for service delivery and job creation. It is esti-mated that the Afghan labour market has to absorb as much as 400’000 young people every year, where-as prospects for economic growth remain modest (3–4%) and the country continues to be highly aid-dependent.

While systematic data on labour migration is not available, it is largely recognised that (predominantly male) labour migration to neighbouring Iran and Pakistan has been a long-standing coping and liveli-hood strategy for poor Afghan households. It con-stitutes an important economic contribution to the country in terms of both remittances and skill devel-opment. In 2016, the total volume of remittances for Afghanistan was estimated at USD 387.5 million with approximately one third of the Afghan popula-tion relying on remittances, which demonstrates the

important contribution of the Afghan Diaspora. Due to regional dynamics and the unstable security situ-ation, labour migration remains largely unregulated. However, the Afghan Government has recognised the need for better migration management and is engaged in regional and global fora, such as the Co-lombo Process or the Global Forum on Migration and Development.

Growing insecurity continues to cause mass inter-nal displacement. In 2017, the ongoing conflict has newly displaced as many as 555’850 people from their homes, resulting in a total of approximately 1’780’000 internally displaced persons by the end of 2017. According to a recent mobility assessment conducted by IOM, approximately 770’000 peo-ple have fled the country since 2012, the majority of which have sought refuge in neighbouring Iran (60%) or Pakistan (21%), whereas only a minority migrated to Europe (14% or approximately 110’000 people). Meanwhile, population movement is often shaped by regional dynamics, in particular political relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In 2016 and 2017, over a million Afghans who previously sought refuge in neighbouring Pakistan and Iran returned to Afghanistan while according to IOM, approximately 1’800’000 Afghans returned from abroad since 2012. In the already challenging con-text of Afghanistan, the mass returns have put ad-ditional pressure on the already scare resources and economic opportunities.

39

30

Principles Implementation/Measures 1) Persecuted people need tobe protected – either withintheir place or country oforigin or in a safe third coun-try.

The Swiss humanitarian engagement contributes to the protection of and life-saving assistance to displaced and returned populations through support to mul-tilateral and international organisations and the advocacy for frameworks and initiatives that contribute to a more protective environment and durable solu-tions. Switzerland also contributes to emergency education programmes for displaced and returned children with the aim of reintegrating them into the formal school system. In Switzerland, protection is granted to individuals who are persecuted and sub-ject to serious disadvantages in their country of origin or who cannot return for other humanitarian reasons.

2) Sustainable economic de-velopment requires safe andregular migration of labourforces.

Afghanistan is a member of the regional Colombo Process which is supported by Switzerland. This engagement aims at strengthening migration policies and governance frameworks and advocates for transnational accountability and la-bour rights.

3) Reasons for forced migra-tion need to be addressedholistically and sustainably

The Swiss development programme addresses interlinked drivers of fragility and thus causes of forced migration. Swiss interventions aim at strengthening na-tional systems and institutions while improving living conditions at the local level. Whereas crisis specific elements of migration are addressed through the Swiss humanitarian engagement, returned and displaced populations are tar-geted in development interventions, wherever possible and relevant. Important migration aspects are reflected within the Swiss development portfolio, which reinforces the humanitarian development nexus:

- Under the World Bank’s ARTF, the Citizen Charter Project supports IDPs,returnees and host communities in provinces of high return with in-come generating opportunities through a ‘Cash for Work’ programme.In addition, the Education Quality Reform in Afghanistan project con-tributes to support access to education for out-of-school IDP and re-turnee children.

- Displaced populations are included in the target group of the Afghani-stan Urban Peacebuilding Programme. By identifying and implementingmeasures that contribute to increase urban safety, IDPs are better inte-grated in their host community, which in return strengthens social co-hesion.

- Swiss projects directly improve the living conditions of people in partic-ularly poor regions of the country. Promoting sustainable agricultureincreases the incomes of smallholder farmers and improves the futureprospects of the young rural population. With labour-intensive infra-structure projects, Swiss projects create short-term jobs and improveaccess to resources and services in the medium term.

4) Global and national migra-tion policies are based onfunctioning governancestructures

On a global level, Switzerland is actively engaged in the process towards the Global Compact for Migration, which aims to set new international standards applicable to all stakeholders involved in migration. Additionally, Switzerland contributes to the discussions on the elaboration of the Global Compact for refugees. At the regional level, Switzerland actively supports the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees, whose regional framework between Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and UNHCR aims to facilitate voluntary returns and sustainable reintegra-tion while at the same time providing assistance to host countries.

40

Annex 6: Scenarios

31

Annex 6: Scenarios

Scenario A - Best

Climbing the Mountain

Scenario B - Most likely

Treading Water

Scenario C - Worst

Standing on the Edge

Polit

ical

/Gen

eral

Peaceful elections with a broadly accepted outcome.

Increased trust in the govern-ment, and legitimacy of gov-ernment.

Elections take place with a low turnout, affecting the legitimacy of the new government and parlia-ment.

Socio-political tensions arise during the election periods; fraud accusa-tions and delays lead to a decrease in public trust.

Elections are continuously de-layed and citizens largely lose trust in the government.

Socio-political tensions esca-late, local violence erupts.

Progressive implementation of the reform agenda.

Slow implementation of the reform agenda (ANPDF, NPP and others).

Risk of reversed national priorities by a new government (2019 or 2020).

Political blockages of reform agenda, proliferation of (con-tradictory) policies by a newly elected government.

Increased decentralisation. The Subnational Governance Policy is approved, but progress on de-centralisation remains limited.

No political will to promote de-centralisation.

Peace process with the Taliban is initiated, but not concluded. Popular peace movements spread in some areas leading to local ceasefires.

Prospects for peace are more prom-inently included in the political agenda of the government.

Talks about talks continue with no tangible results, and Taliban/ AOGs react with violence.

A limited number of Taliban/ AOGs may join the peace process and en-joy impunity.

Government reverts to belliger-ent rhetoric, Taliban/ AOGs are included on terrorist list (no ne-gotiations possible).

Increased respect for human rights and fulfilment of gov-ernment’s commitments to human rights; increased crimi-nal prosecution.

Human rights situation remains crit-ical.

Increased political commitment to international human rights frame-works; but limited criminal prosecu-tion.

Continuous threats against human rights defenders.

Increased gross human rights violation with continued cul-ture of impunity.

Anti-corruption plans imple-mented, high-profile cases tried in court.

Corruption remains high with only selective action taken in line with the national anti-corruption strat-egy.

Corruption is high in all as-pects, and the political will to address it is limited.

Customary justice structures are more accountable and in-clusive.

Increased use of formal justice institutions for dispute resolu-tion.

Increased legal awareness of the population and improved institu-tional capacities with limiting fac-tors (cultural norms, security and corruption) remaining. Use of

Justice reforms reverse.

Increased use of customary mediation for criminal cases and application of harmful tra-ditional practises.

41

32

largely unrepresentative and exclu-sive customary justice is prevalent with provincial differences.

Enabling environment for CSOs is maintained.

Space for civil society remains, but activities of CSOs are largely donor-driven and affected by decreased funding.

Space for CSOs decreases.

Econ

omic

High GDP growth rate.

Inequalities are slightly re-duced.

GDP growth is moderate (3-5%).

Inequalities remain high (Gini-In-dex).

GDP per capita decreases.

Low growth and increased ine-qualities.

Growth in government reve-nue collection remains high (15%).

Sustained growth in government revenue collection.

No further growth in govern-ment revenue collection.

Stable ODA, unconditional, discretionary.

New (untraditional) donors.

Decrease in ODA (after 2020), aid may be conditional to reforms.

Pledges are not met; and new pledges (after 2020) are very low and/or conditional due to domestic aspects in donor countries.

Very high expenditure rate, ef-ficient and effective use of funds.

National budget is more realistic, expenditure rate increases.

(Baseline: 67% in 2017)

Very low expenditure rate, funds wasted.

Unemployment and underem-ployment rates decrease slightly.

Unemployment and underemploy-ment rates stabilise at very high lev-els.

(Baseline: 24% unemployment, 24% underemployment in 2017 (ALCS))

Unemployment and underem-ployment rates increase.

Poverty decreases moderately. Poverty rate stabilises at a high level.

(Baseline: 55% in 2017 (ALCS)) Poverty increases further.

Soci

al a

nd H

uman

itar

ian

Controlled voluntary returns and perspectives for reintegra-tion.

Regular (labour) migration mechanism established.

Increasing numbers of IDPs (due to conflict) and returnees from neigh-bouring countries.

Forced mass return and mas-sive internal displacement.

Gains in agricultural productiv-ity as a result of implementa-tion of reforms and support to the sector.

Some reforms in the agricultural sector are implemented and some support is given to certain areas, but productivity gains remain lim-ited.

Reforms in the agricultural sec-tor are not implemented, the sector suffers from low produc-tivity.

Favourable climatic conditions contribute to agricultural growth and reduced food in-security in rural areas.

Climatic conditions allow for con-tinued agricultural production and stable levels of food security in rural areas.

Agricultural production remains prone to natural disaster.

Adverse climatic conditions (droughts, floods) significantly affect agricultural production making rural areas more food insecure.

42

33

Secu

rity

Joint coalition by national and international parties to the conflict to support a ceasefire.

Conflict intensity remains high and slightly increases until a stalemate between the ANSF and the Taliban is reached.

Conflict intensity increases sig-nificantly with more fighting in densely populated areas (urban centres).

ANSF shows increased morale, independence, discipline and implements reforms.

ANSF enhances capabilities thanks to increased and continuous inter-national support.

ANSF disintegrates because of politicisation, decrease of ex-ternal support / disengage-ment.

Improved respect of IHL by all parties to the conflict leading to fewer civilian casualties.

Civilian casualties remain at a high level.

Rise in civilian casualties.

ANSF with support of IMF in-crease territory under govern-ment control.

Taliban armed forces are the active driver of conflict and consolidate power in their controlled districts.

Territorial control fluctuates with Taliban temporarily controlling some districts.

Taliban control more districts and ANSF struggle to maintain control over provincial centres.

Police focus solely on main-taining public order, combat-ting crime and its civilian polic-ing mandate.

Public trust in police increases significantly.

Police engages less in counter-in-surgency activities, while civilian policing mandate is implemented in pilot areas.

Public trust in police increases.

Police increases to engage in counter-insurgency activities.

Public trust in police decreases.

Crime decreases. Crime increases. Crime significantly increases.

ISK loses ground in its strong-holds in the East.

Capacities for high profile at-tacks in urban centres are re-duced.

ISK remains confined to a limited number of districts in the East.

ISK continues to claim high-profile sectarian attacks in urban centres.

ISK extends its presence to ad-ditional districts and new areas of the country.

The number of attacks in urban centres increases leading to sectarian tensions.

Dev

elop

men

t/ H

uman

itar

ian

Spac

e Access improves (transport, security, weather).

Access conditions vary and regional differences remain.

Deterioration of transport in-frastructure and security in combination with adverse weather conditions reduce ac-cess.

Clear AOG landscape eases (humanitarian) access negotia-tions.

Taliban and other AOGs sup-port humanitarian and devel-opment actors.

Reliable & flexible partners are available and accepted by AOGs for access.

Taliban maintain their policy on the protection of humanitarian and de-velopment actors while at times ap-plying conditions.

The variety of unorganised (criminal) armed groups pre-vent (humanitarian) access ne-gotiations and the effective-ness of acceptance strategies.

Increased coordination be-tween humanitarian actors, development partners and government.

Limited coordination between hu-manitarian, development partners and government.

Lack of coordination or policy implementation.

34

Implementation of policies and increased response capac-ities of the government.

Definition of policies, but limited response capacities of the govern-ment.

43 35

Annex 7: Adaptation

If Afghanistan moves towards the best scenario “Climbing the Moun-tain”, Switzerland will maintain its programmatic focus in the three domains of intervention. Improved access can be used to improve liv-ing conditions in remote areas.

Development cooperation will in-creasingly focus on rural areas and may grow, whereas a reduction of humanitarian aid can be consid-ered.

In case state-building efforts in-crease, Switzerland will assess how its portfolio could support this pro-cess, e.g. by working on decentral-isation, anti-corruption, and transi-tional justice/ dealing with the past.

Options for increased use of coun-try systems and on-budget funding beyond the World Bank’s multi-do-nor trust will be explored.

Improved access and security will allow continuing frequent project monitoring visits.

Afghanistan is currently in the most likely scenario “Treading Water”. Switzerland pursues human-rights based, context-sensitive and result-oriented development cooperation and humanitarian assistance.

Taking into consideration the vola-tile security situation and the uncer-tainties of the context, a flexible modality mix will be maintained. Development and humanitarian in-struments are applied in a coherent and complementary way.

Switzerland will continue to sup-port initiatives to enhance opera-tional and physical access for devel-opment and humanitarian actors by encouraging partners to put the community at the centre of the work.

On-budget funding through the World Bank's multi-donor trust fund is maintained at the current level, while the country system is used and strengthened wherever possible.

Security conditions may change rapidly and with strong local varia-tions. A flexible approach within projects allows for adaptation (ad-aptation of activity modalities and schedules, temporary suspension, shift to different districts).

Regular monitoring visits are con-ducted by staff members, if and where security allows.

If the situation gets worse and Af-ghanistan is “Standing on the Edge”, Switzerland will further strengthen its CSPM approach (conflict mapping) and identify pockets of stability. At a national level, Switzerland will continue policy dialogue in coordi-nation with like-minded donors and continuously advocate for ac-cess for development and humani-tarian actors. A shift of focus towards (more sta-ble) urban areas may be considered for development cooperation, whereas humanitarian aid instru-ments are increasingly used in rural areas, in particular through local or-ganisations. If the conflict esca-lates, there will be a shift to life-sav-ing assistance and increased advo-cacy for IHL and access. On-budget funding and the use of country systems will decrease, whereas support to national and in-ternational NGOs and multilateral partners will increase. In areas where project monitoring is not possible, a third-party monitor-ing may be considered.

Annex 7: Adaptation

44

36

Annex 8: Monitoring System

Instrument Purpose Frequency

Stra

tegi

c

Mid-term strategic review Review of results and feasibility of strategy, possible adaptations to changing context

Once during the strategic cycle, early 2021

Annual Report Result-based reporting, management review, planning for following year based on the Result Framework 2019-2022

Yearly

Quarterly planning Review of operational performance of projects and feasibility in changing environment based on outcome monitoring matrix; financial plan-ning

Quarterly

Management meeting Discussion and decision-making on issues re-lated to security, programme management, human resources and finances

Weekly

Ope

ratio

nal

External reviews Evaluate project achievements Once per project phase

Partner meetings Discuss progress and challenges of projects, exchange on operational and security issues

3-4 times per year

Project monitoring visits by SDC staff

Monitor progress of projects and their impact on the living conditions of beneficiaries, partic-ipate in key planning moments

Twice per project per year (security permitting)

Development partner meet-ings/ Head of Agency

Assessment of development space, sectorial coordination

Weekly

Programme committee meeting

Discussion of new project proposals and their strategic relevance

Bi-Weekly

Programme steering com-mittees

Discussion of lessons learned and best prac-tises with relevant stakeholders; decision on project steering

As per project

Con

text

MERV Detailed analysis of context developments 3-4 times per year

Context monitoring Monitoring of current events and political de-velopments.

Constantly

Security team meeting Evaluate situation, decide on security measures

Weekly

Annex 8: Monitoring System

45

Annex 9: Financial Planning

46

Annex 10: Map of Intervention Areas

Number of projects per province (as per 01.01.2019)

0 – 1 project 2 – 3 projects 4 – 5 projects

Note: the map does not depict projects with a country-wide scope or those with a shifting geographical focus (e.g. certain humanitarian aid projects).

47

Imprint PublisherFederal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFASwiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC3003 Bern Cover PhotoSkateistan – A group of girls taking a break from class Layout and designVisual Communication FDFA, Bern ContactsSwiss Cooperation Office AfghanistanPhone: +93 (0) 790 080 800kabul@eda.admin.ch Swiss Agency for Development and CooperationSouth Asia Division3003 Bern, SwitzerlandTel. +41 58 462 34 75 Humanitarian Aid Division Europe, Asia and AmericasTel. +41 58 462 31 24 www.sdc.admin.ch This publication is also available on www.eda.admin.ch/afghanistan

Bern, 2018, © SDC