swimming pool construction

1

St. Alban school, Basel · Planners: Weyss+Santos, Basel · Photo: Bisig/Bayer, Basel

Swimming pool construction

2

The comprehensive product range from

Villeroy & Boch offers all the ceramic elements

that are required in the construction of state-of-the-

art swimming pools. All the system components

form part of a modular concept and are ideal for

combination with the PRO ARCHITECTURA colour

system, featuring more than 50 coordinated

colours.

Villeroy & Boch is also able to provide the follow-

ing services to help you plan and implement your

swimming pool project:

• Individual, application-oriented advice for

swimming pool projects (new construction and

restoration)

• Design planning

• CAD-based structural design for swimming pools

• Tendering service

3

Swimming pool construction

Rehazenter, Luxembourg · Architects: m3 architectes s.a. - Dell, Linster, Lucas, LuxembourgPhoto: Weber, Luxembourg · Tile range: PRO ARCHITECTURA

5

Defining the modular dimensions

Fundamentals of swimming pool construction

All pool dimensions (rough shell and finished),

fixtures, recesses for inlets and drains must be coor-

dinated. The rough shell planning is made on the

basis of the tile planning. The Villeroy & Boch tile

planning service is free of charge. Please contact your

sales agent or the Planning Department directly, at

V&B Fliesen GmbH

Herr Marco Warschburger

Objektplanung - Technik + Gestaltung

Rotensteiner Weg

66663 Merzig

Tel.: +49 (0)6864 - 81 3245

Fax: +49 (0)6864 - 81 3592

E-Mail: [email protected]

The line of swimming pool ceramics consists of

modular trims in a nominal length of 200 mm

(195 + 5 mm joint) and modular tiles from the

PRO ARCHITECTURA range.

Modular tiles are based on the basic module “M”

(100 mm) and multiples thereof, plus smaller sup-

plementary dimensions, e.g. 50 mm. The modular

dimensions of our tiles and functional trims are

derived from the factory dimensions plus the joint

width. The smaller the tile/functional trim, the

smaller the joint can be. The resulting modular

dimension will not change. The small format tiles

(10 x 10 cm, 5 x 5 cm and 2.5 x 2.5 cm) are supplied

on ready-to-set sheets (30 x 50 cm). The sheets are

available with the lattice paper attached on the front

or back. For wet areas we recommend using tiles

with lattice paper on the front only or with glass

fibre lattice backing only. Lattice paper on front and

glass fibre lattice backing must be specified when

placing orders. Formats larger than 10 x 10 cm are

supplied loose in the box.

6

The following drawings were produced by the company Villeroy & Boch. The user is responsible for verifying

the correctness and suitability of the variant concerned. Villeroy & Boch provides no guarantee and shall not be

held liable in this connection.

Position from edge = n x 200 + 102.5 mm

Rough shell = n x 200 + 127.5 mm

Centre distance = n x 200 mm Position from edge = n x 200 + 102.5 mm

Rough shell = n x 200 + 127.5 mmFinished dimension = n x 200 + 5mm

Rough shell dimension = Finished dimension + 2 x 25 mm


The (nominal) length of the functional trims (200 mm)determines a basic linear division for the dimensionsof the pool in multiples of 200 mm. As in masonry, thisis a break dimension and an additional joint must beincluded.

• The finished length of the pool is therefore calculatedas follows: finished length = n x 200 mm + 5 mm

• The rough shell length is calculated as follows:Rough shell length = finished length + 2 x constructionthickness of wallsThe walls are made of plaster, mortar and tiles =generally 25 mm.The rough shell length is therefore the finished lengh+ 50 mm.

• The position of the drains:position from edge = n x 200 mm + 102.5 mm

• The axial spacing of the drains is:centre distance = n x 200 mm

• The pool depth is calculated by:depth = height of trim + n x 100 mm + 5 mm

To allow continual and uniform overflow, care must betaken when laying the pool edge that it is perfectly hori-zontal and level. According to the German “Guidelinesfor pool construction” deviations in height of +/- 2 mmare acceptable.

Special note:Please specify in your order if you require latticepaper on the front side of mosaic tiles.

7

Drain funnel Drain funnel

Drains

Connection with connector drainConnection with whispering drain

Art. 3951Drain connector Ø 100 mmPlastic, yellowPN71Price group E29

Art. 3971Whispering drain Ø 65 mmDrainage rate max. 5m3/hFlange Ø 100 mmPlastic, greyPN72Price group E176


The number of drains depends on the size of the pool,

the size of the overflow channels and the water circula-

tion, and should be calculated by a water-treatment

firm. Approx. 2 – 3.5 m can be taken as a general guide-

line for the centre distance, depending on the overflow

system. Drain funnels (available from manufacturers of

accessories) should be concreted in to compensate for

installation tolerances in the drain piping.

Villeroy & Boch supplies 35 mm drain connectors or

152 mm whispering drains to connect the tiles

around the drain to the piping. These should be

ordered separately. As shown in the installation

instructions, the tiler should attach the short connec-

tor to the drain with epoxy resin.

The whispering drain is inserted from above and

secured with a rubber seal.

Drain dimensions in mmArt. A B C

3031 115 110 86

3061 75 90 75

3091 155 110 86

3071 125 110 86

Special note:Outlet connectors and whispering drains must beordered separately.


8

Thanks to its decades of experience,

Villeroy & Boch is the competent part-

ner for the construction of new and

restoration of existing swimming

pools. Our company offers you a

consultation and planning service

that will assist you in all stages of

project implementation. Please talk

to the Villeroy & Boch sales

representatives or to the relevant

department directly. See addresses

on pages 252, 340.

Swimming pool renovation

Art. 3070

Art. 3201

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

5150

225 473

473

473

4720

473

473

473

125

25 225 172

25

100

30

Art. 2706 "B"-0.02

±0.00inclined

Capillary breakingjoint fillerWater level

8,35 l/m25

25 300

Bonded waterproofing

30

Art. 3103

37 l/m

96 113

Art. 3002 Art. 2706 "B"

723

473

25

3250

3

25

347

347

347

2047

347

347

347

Art. 3201

Art. 3591 Art. 2706 "B"

Art. 3591

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

±0.00inclined

4147

430

30

3197

3

6

25

Water level

397

397

397

397

397

397

3 15


Capillarybreakingjoint filler

25120

25180 208 170

20

25300

When renovating swimming baths,

it is often necessary to install a

composite seal directly under the

tile covering.

9

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours

System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page

Small overflow channel

Channel piece Art. 3070 Glazed / unglazed • • • 262

vitreous

Channel with drain Art. 3071 Glazed / unglazed • • • 262

vitreous

Inside corner Art. 3074 Glazed / unglazed • • • 262

vitreous

Overflow channelwith functional trims

Art. 3070, Art. 3090Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoor, recreation,fun and hotel pools

Large overflow channel

Channel piece Art. 3090 Glazed / unglazed • • • 263

vitreous

Channel with drain Art. 3091 Glazed / unglazed • • • 263

vitreous

Inside corner Art. 3094 Glazed / unglazed • • • 263

vitreous

Accessories

Whispering drain Art. 3971 Plastic, grey 254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector Art. 3951 Plastic, yellow 254, 262, 263, 269

Overview of pool edge systemsHigh water level

10



“Finnish” overflow system

Grip ledge Art. 3002 Glazed vitreous • 264

Grip trough Art. 3003 Glazed vitreous • 264

Outside angle piece Art. 3005 Glazed vitreous • 264

Double bullnose

Rounded running piece Art. 3086 Glazed vitreous • • • 272

Pool ladder

Pool ladder Art. 3082 Glazed vitreous • • • 273

Rounded Art. 3486 Glazed vitreous • • • 272

running piece


corner


corner

Z-profile Art. 3591 Glazed vitreous • • 264

“St. Moritz” system

Small format tilesArt. 3002, Art. 3003Uses (preferable):Recreation, hotel andprivate pools

Overflow system with ceramicgrip ledge

Art. 3002, Art. 3005Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoor, recreation,fun and hotel pools

Finnish “Pyrmont” system

Art. 3003, Art. 3591Uses (preferable):Outdoor, recreation,sport and teaching pools

High water level

Overview of pool edge systems

11

Accessories

Whispering drain Art. 3961 Plastic, grey 254, 268



Small pool edge piece

Running edge Art. 3065 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3069 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

outside corner vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3468 Unglazed vitreous • 261

inside corner

“Wiesbaden” system

Art. 3060, Art. 3030,Art. 3065Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoorand therapy pools


System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 PN70 page

Small “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Channel piece Art. 3060 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Channel with drain Art. 3061 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Inside corner Art. 3064 Glazed vitreous • • • 268

Large “Wiesbaden” pool overflow




Low water level


12

Large “Wiesbaden” pool overflow

Accessories

Whispering drain Art. 3961 Plastic, grey 254, 268





Small “Wiesbaden” pool overflow







“Therapy” system

Art. 3060, Art. 3030Uses (preferable):Therapy pools

Special solution – therapy pools | high-/low-level


13


System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 PN70 page

Small pool edge piece

Running edge Art. 3065 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3069 Glazed / unglazed • • • 261

outside corner vitreous

Running edge, Art. 3468 Unglazed vitreous • 261

inside corner

“Skimmer” system

Art. 3065Uses (preferable):Private pools

Low water level


14

Art. 3201

Art. 3065

Art.2200 "B"

±0.00

405

973

397

397

397

397

575

Water level

Skimmer according to manufacturer's instructions

Low water level | Small pool edge piece

Pool edge systems in detail

Art. 3065Channel piecePN00, PN04, PN13Price group E89

Art. 3468Inside cornerPN00, PN04, PN13Price group E113

This article is made of unglazed vitreousand is only available in the colour PN70,as only the unglazed bead is visible.

Art. 3069Outside cornerPN00, PN04, PN13Price group E144

ApplicationsMaterial

Actual sizeJoints approx.

SurfaceFinishGlaze

PackingCalculation unit

Special points

Matching wall tiles

Pool edge - indoors / outdoorsGlazed / unglazed vitreoussee diagrams5 mmformeduni-colouredmattPiecePiece

For reasons of slip resistance,the bead is unglazed.

PRO ARCHITECTURA

Low water level – ”Skimmer” system

Uses (preferable):Private pools

Note:

To ensure swimming pool water of hygienic quality, the water is to be treated and disinfected in accordance

with DIN 19643-1 (treatment of water for swimming pools). To prevent fungal attack, the surfacing is to undergo

thorough cleaning once annually, replacing the entire filling of water.

15

Art. 3070

Art. 3201

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

5150

225 473

473

473

4720

473

473

473

125

25 225 172

25

100

30

Art. 2706 "B"-0.02

±0.00inclined

Capillary breakingjoint fillerWater level

8,35 l/m

25 300

25

Watertight concrete


Reaction resin filler


High water level – overflow channel with moulded trims

Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools



Art. 3071Outlet Ø 86 mmPN00, PN04, PN13Price group E119


High water level | Small overflow channel – Wiesbaden pool overflow



SurfaceFinishGlaze


Special points

Matching wall tiles



PRO ARCHITECTURA


16

140

210

300

40

35

105

35

15

60

10

300

155

Art. 3090

Art. 3201

Art. 3005 "C" Art. 2200 "B"

25 300

603003

9720

973

973

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

5200

25

135

30-0.035

±0.00

inclined

Capillary breakingjoint filler

25 300

Water level

19.0 l/m25

Watertight concrete




High water level – overflow channel with moulded trims

Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools





High water level | Large overflow channel – Wiesbaden pool overflow



SurfaceFinishGlaze


Special points

Matching wall tiles



PRO ARCHITECTURA


17

8,5

30

723

973

973

25

3250

3

25

347

347

347

3

14

347

347

347

347

Art. 3002

Art. 3103

37 l/m

170

397

397

397

397

397

397

3 159

25 300

Art. 3201

25 328 208

275

Art. 3591Art. 3246 "C" Art. 2706 "B"Art. 3591

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

±0.00 inclined

inclination max 10%

4147

430

30

3197

3

6

25

96 113

Water level

Watertight concrete




High water level | “Finnish” overflow system

Art. 3002Grip ledgePN04Price group E30

Art. 3003Grip troughPN04Price group E30

Art. 3591Running edgePN00, PN04Price group E23

Art. 3005Angle piecePN04, PN70Price group E30



SurfaceFinishGlaze


Matching wall tiles

Special points

Pool edge - indoors / outdoorsGlazed / unglazed vitreoussee diagrams3 mmformed, roughuni-colouredmattPiecePiece

PRO ARCHITECTURA

Underwater edges such as steps or the front edge of the“Finnish” system must be accentuated with a stripe ofa different colour (PA06).

In Germany, FINNISH overflow systems are expected tosatisfy the following requirements:• The pool edge must offer something to hold onto (grip).• The grip must be 15 mm high/deep.• The grip must be situated within 100 mm of the verticalwall of the pool.

• The rear side of the grip should be as verticalas possible.

• The top of the grip must be accentuated by means of astripe of contrasting colour measuring at least 2.5 cmacross.

• The slope of the washover incline must be about 10 %,and the surface finish must answer the description ofslip resistance category C.


18

3197

3197

3197

3 15

15

30

20

723

352 166 18020

973

973

Art. 3002

25 300

30

50

Art. 3107

50

30Art. 2702 "C"

25 548 200

Art. 2200 "B"+0.02

-0.03±0.00Water level

Watertight concrete



30

723

973

973

25

3250

3

25

347

347

347

3

14

347

347

347

347

Art. 3103

37 l/m

170

Art. 3201

258

25 314 208

Art. 3003

25 300

Art. 3591Art. 3246 "C" Art. 2706 "B"Art. 3591

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

±0.00

inclination max 10%

inclined

4147

430

30

3197

3

6

25

96 113

Water level

Watertight concrete




397

397

397

397

397

397

3 102

3

High water level | “Finnish” overflow system


19

30

Art. 3103

37 l/m

96 113

Art. 3002 Art. 2706 "B"

25180 208 170

20

723

473

25

3250

3

25

347

347

347

2047

347

347

347

25300

Art. 3201

Art. 3591 Art. 2706 "B"

Art. 3591

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

±0.00inclined

4147

430

30

3197

3

6

25

Water level

397

397

397

397

397

397

3 15

25120

Watertight concrete



Reaction resinfiller

235

30

30

Art. 3103

37 l/m

96 113

723

603

2503

603

9720

973

97

25 163 208 15520

Art. 3002

25 300

Art. 3201

Art. 2200 "B"Art. 3005 "C" Art. 3005 "C"

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

±0.00inclined

4147

430

30

3197

3

6

25

Water level

30

15

397

397

397

397

397

397

3 15

25 103

Watertight concrete


Capillary-breakingjoint filler

Reaction resinfiller


Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

High water level | Overflow system “Finnish”

20

Uses (preferable): Recreation, hotel and private pools

High water level | St. Moritz System


• The rounded-off pool border is

higher than the pool surround.

• The water level is approximately

50-60 cm above the pool surround.

• The water flows over the pool

border, running down the

outside and into the overflow

channel, the top of which is flush

with the pool surround. The over-

flow is executed either as a shal-

low, open trough or as

a grate-covered, tiled, channel.

• Small format tiles are preferable.

• With deference to possible

erosion, epoxy resin should be

used for filling the

joints.

Art. 3753

Art. 3103

Art. 3215

Art. 3215

Art. 3002

Art. 3591 Art. 3215Art. 2200 "B"

23

2

23

3

72

197

3197

3197

3197

3197

3

15

25

25

170 25

303

147 70 29025

30

115

25

600

-0.60

±0.00

inclined

Water level

Watertight concrete




21

5,2 l/m

25

100

25

25 300

405

973

973

9720

973

973

342

Art. 3107

Art. 2200 "B"

Art. 3107

Art. 3060

Art. 3065

Art. 3709±0.00

3197

3197

5100

548

89

75

25 12025

172

Water level


Watertight concrete



Low water level | Small “Wiesbaden” pool overflow





Low water level

Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools




SurfaceFinishGlaze


Matching wall tiles

Pool edge - indoors / outdoorsGlazed vitreoussee diagrams5 mmformeduni-colouredmattPiecePiece

PRO ARCHITECTURA

22

25 225 242

25 300

232

235

3197

3197

5150

160

75

25

150

25

491

Art. 3065 Art. 2215 "B"

Art. 3107

Art. 3030

±0.00

Art. 3107

20025

405

1464

1464

14620

1464

Water level

14.5 l/m

Watertight concrete




Low water level

Uses (preferable):Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools






Low water level | Large “Wiesbaden” pool overflow




SurfaceFinishGlaze


Matching wall tiles


PRO ARCHITECTURA

23

5,2 l/m

14525

25

100

Art. 3086

350

25120

25205

25

25 300

Art. 3201

640

Art. 3201

15 10

42

560

597

397

397

397

397

397

560

Art. 3709

123 605

482

482

484

60

Art. 3350 (cut)

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

5100

548

560

218

25

Art. 3060

Art.3086

+0.12

-0.68

1

2

3

±0.00Water level 75

Art. 2072 "B" Art. 2200 "B"

1 2 3

Watertight concrete

Polystyrene strip

=Elastic joint sealant



• The pool must have an overflow channel on at

least one side and one end.

• As a rule, the therapist’s gallery should run along

one side of the pool and have a minimum width

of 75 cm and a minimum depth of 80 cm.

• A handrail or ledge must be provided at the edge

of the pool (water level).

• The steps must be at least 60 cm wide.

• The maximum slope for ramps is 15 %.

In Germany, the design and construction of medi-

cinal baths is subject to the following basic rules:

• The minimum dimensions for therapy pools are

3 x 4 m.

• The minimum water depth is 0.5 m for children

and 0.8 m for adults.

• The maximum water depth is 1.35 m.

• The pool must have an overflow channel running

along all its sides. Skimmers are not acceptable for

hygienic reasons.

• The slope of the pool’s floor should ideally be

constant, and should not exceed 4%.

Special designsTherapy pools

24

5,2 l/m

75

250

75

Art. 3201150

100

25

25

100

759075

2535025

20525

145

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

5100

5145

5123

25

3147

3147

287113

Art. 3753

Art. 3060

1

3

4

2

+0.15

-0.75

±0.00Water level

1 2 3 4

Art. 2404 "B"

Watertight concrete



= Elastic joint sealant


Special designsTherapy pools

25

25

110

55

885

25

300 185

485

425 66 88 30

25

25

605

485

300 603

473

473

4720

473

473

473

473

473

25

Art. 3709

Art. 3709

Art. 3090

Art. 3709

155

Art. 3486

Art. 3086

25

109

Art. 3005 Art. 2706 "B"

-0.522

-0.035

±0.00

inclined

Water level

560

10

Watertight concrete


Top concrete layer



Large double bullnose

Small double bullnose

Moulded trims



SurfaceFinishGlaze


Matching wall tiles


PRO ARCHITECTURAArt. 3086Rounded running piecePN00, PN04, PN13Price group E20

Art. 3087Rounded cornerPN00, PN04, PN13Price group E43

Art. 3486Rounded running piecePN00, PN04, PN13Price group E18

Art. 3487Rounded cornerPN00, PN04, PN13Price group E33



SurfaceFinishGlaze


Matching wall tiles


PRO ARCHITECTURA

26

37 l/m

72 3 97 3 97 3 60 3 250 3 47 3 47 3 47 3 47 3

14

3 47 3 47 3 47 3

80 2 80 19

6

3

97 3 44 3 25

156 25

30

311

Art. 3002

100 156 25

Art. 3201

Art. 3082

Art. 3201

Art. 3103

102 108

Art. 3246 "C" Art. 2706 "B"Art. 3005 "C" Art. 3215

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

±0.00 inclined

inclination max 10%

Water level

306

306

306

300

15

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

397

3 151

5


Watertight concrete



Moulded trimsLadder

Art. 3082Ladder



SurfaceFinishGlaze


PN00, PN04, PN13

Matching wall tiles

Pool edge - indoors / outdoorsGlazed vitreoussee diagrams5 mmformeduni-colouredmattPiecePiecePrice group E86

PRO ARCHITECTURA

27

8,5

Art. 3005Angle piecePN04, PN70Price group E30

Art. 3003Grip troughPN04Price group E30

Pool access steps

Moulded trims

Pool edge - indoors / outdoorsGlazed / unglazed vitreoussee diagrams3 mmformed, roughuni-colouredmattPiecePiece

PRO ARCHITECTURA

Underwater edges such as steps or the front edge of the“Finnish” system must be accentuated with a stripe ofa different colour (PA06).



SurfaceFinishGlaze


Matching wall tiles

Special points

30

603

973

973

343

25

603

973

973

343

300

158

4147

4303

63

121

30

329

397

3 25

30

329

397

3 25

603

973

973

37

30

Art. 3103

37 l/m

300 300 30025

250

213 208 200

Art. 3201

62 973

24

3250

3297

3

Art. 3003

30

3197

3

6

25

-0.48

-0.32

-0.16

Art. 3246 "C"

Art. 3591

Art. 3246 "C"Art. 2122 "B"

Art. 3005 "C"

±0.00 inclined

Art. 3171 orArt. 3215

Art. 2121 "B" or

96 112

Water level

Top concrete layer Watertight concrete



inclinationmax 10%


28

Surround formed as single span slab Surround formed as cantilever slab on the pool

Surround formed as cantilever slab on thestructure

> 150±0.00inclined

Water level

TilesThin-bed mortar

Watertight concrete

Sloping screed covered with thermal insulation,protective sheet and reinforced screed

Sealing tape


Capillary breaking joint filler

Elastic joint sealant with closed cell rope


The movement joint is situated in an area which is

exposed to high strain through water. The type of

water-proofing to be used for the joint depends on

the waterproofing of the pool surround.

Nowadays, pool surrounds are usually water-

proofed with brushable coatings, so-called alternati-

ve waterproofing, in accordance with ZDB leaflet.

Waterproofing of movement joints for overflow systems

Technical aspects of application for swimming poolsStatic systems, movement joints

The pool must be structurally independent of the

remaining structure. The structural engineer is

responsible for selecting the static system. His

decision dictates the arrangement of movement

joints around and, where necessary, within the pool.

The following static systems can be used to effect

the structural separation of the pool from the

remaining structure.

29

Tiles

Stop end joint tapeElastic joint sealant

Reinforcement

Pools made of watertight concrete

The pool is made of impermeable concrete in accor-

dance with DIN 1045 and the structural analysis.

The concrete must be and remain free of cracks.

The following points should be heeded when

building the pool:

• Proper composition of aggregates and according-

ly a low water/cement ratio.

• For practical reasons, pool floors and walls should

be at least 25 cm thick and the upturn behind

and/or in front of the drainage channel should be

at least 15 cm thick, in the absence of any addi-

tional sealing.

• Optimal compaction of freshly poured concrete by

means of an immersion vibrator.

• Appropriate aftertreatment of concrete

(by keeping it moist)

• Minimum strength category of concrete: B25.

• Minimum overlap of reinforcing rods: 5 cm.

• For pools intended to be filled with aggressive

water, e.g. salt water, the bonding agents used

should be selected on the basis of a water

analysis.

• It is desirable to pour the floor and walls in a

single operation. Should a construction joint

between the floor and the walls be necessary,

a stop-end joint tape must be inserted.

Technical aspects of application for swimming poolsPool construction

Pools to be clad with tiles are usually made of reinfor-

ced concrete.

In some cases pools made of steel - e.g. on pleasure

cruisers - or plastic can also be lined with vitreous

tiles. In such cases, please ask for more detailed infor-

mation.

The following considerations apply exclusively to

reinforced waterlight concrete pools.

This can be achieved by:

• using impermeable concrete or

• waterproofing.

After completing the reinforced concrete body of the

pool, in order to verify watertightness, the customer is

to fill the pool with chlorinated water for test purpos-

es to the level of the rim around the pool (exposed

concrete). The outside of freestanding pools should

also not be waterproofed until after the leak test.

Marking the water level during the leak test provides

an excellently accurate line of reference for positio-

ning the ceramic accessories for the overflow without

the need for carrying out special additional measure-

ments.

30

Levelling coatTilesThin-bed mortarBonded waterproofing

Insulation strip

Sealing tape in cornerElastic joint sealantClosed cell rope

Screed

Watertight concrete

TilesThin-bed mortarBonded waterproofingSealing tape

Elastic joint sealantClosed cell rope

Screed

Watertight concrete

Waterproofing on structure joint Waterproofing at wall/floor joint

Waterproofing

Pipes are incorporated in the surface waterproofing

by means of a gasket or flange.

Floor drains need a wide flange to take the water-

proofing.

Waterproofing should be carried out according to

the manufacturers instructions. The thickness of the

waterproofing depends on the material used and

the specifications of the manufacturer.

At structure joints and corners wherever move-

ments are to be expected, the waterproofing should

be reinforced with bonded fabric or foil.

Suitable bases

• Concrete in accordance with DIN 1405

and DIN 4227

• Underlay waterproof plaster in accordance with

DIN 18550, mortar group P III

• Levelling screed as bonded levelling screed in

accordance with DIN 18560, quality ZE 20

The dimensional accuracy of the backing should

correspond with the finished cladding. Considerable

unevenness should be compensated for beforehand

with underlay waterproof plaster or levelling screed.

The base material must be free of abherents, debris,

dust, binding agents, efflorescence or other conta-

minants that could impair adhesion.

Concrete surfaces on the pool walls should be sand-

blasted.

Resulting cracks or the movement of existing cracks

should not exceed 0.5 mm. Cracks of more than

0.5 mm width must be grouted under pressure.

As a technical rule for this type of waterproofing see

the leaflet from the ZDB “Ceramic tiles in swimming

pool construction - Advice on planning and imple-

mentation.” and DIN 18195-7.

Materials to be used:

• Synthetic cement mixtures or

• Reactive resins

Required properties:

• Adhesive strength ≥ 0.5 N/mm2

• Frost resistance ≥ 0.5 N/mm2

• Thermal stability 70°C (HZF) ≥ 0,5 N/mm• Resistance to caustic potash solution 3% ≥ 0,5 N/mm• Resistance to lime water ≥ 0,5 N/mm

2

• Resistance to lime water ≥ 0.5 N/mm2

• Impermeability to water after 7 days at 3 bar

• Bridging cracks of up to 0.4 mm

(Fix load over 24 hours)

• Resistance to chemicals

Pools with waterproofing bonded with ceramic tiles

Technical aspects of application for swimming poolsPool construction

31

Concrete

(acc.w. DIN 18195)

Reinforced screed(burden-sharing course)

Thin-bed mortar

Tiles

(single layer)Separation layer

(acc. DIN 18157)

Bonded waterproofingConcrete

Reinforced screed

Thin-bed mortar

Tiles

(double layer)Separation layer

(acc. DIN 18157)

(local distribut. course)

Concrete

Thermal insulation

(double layer)

Reinforced screed

Thin-bed mortar

Tiles

Separation layer

(acc. DIN 18157)

(local distribut. course)

Concrete

(Levelling course)

Tiles

Concrete

Thin-bed mortar

Tiles

Concrete

Thick-bed mortar(Levelling course)

Tiles

Thin-bed mortar

Bonding course

Bonding course

(acc. DIN 18157) (acc. DIN 18157)

Bonded screed

Floating claddings

Floating claddings

Unlike bonded claddings, floating claddings should

be subdivided by movement joints around the bor-

ders of and between individual sections.

A floating cladding is when the cladding is separated

from the backing by insulation, foils, oil-impregnated

paper or the like in accordance with DIN 18195.

Technical aspects of application for swimming poolsCeramic claddings

Bonded claddings

Bonded claddings

Bonded claddings are based on the principle of

frictional connection, i.e. no movement is possible

between the ceramic tiles and the solid base, much

like in a reinforced concrete component.

The conventional setting method involves the use of

bedding mortar, while the thin bed method in accor-

dance with DIN 18157 relies on an adhesive to effect

the bond. To achieve a good bond, the base material

must be free of the following:

• residue and debris such as wood, metal, formwork

lube or other contaminating layers that could

impair adhesion

• cracks or efflorescence

• considerable unevenness

• too smooth a surface.

Movement joints should be limited to the same locati-

ons and widths as those of the existing structure

In principle all types of tiling belong to one of the

following groups:

• Bonded claddings

• Floating claddings

Differentiation is necessary with deference to:

• The properties of the finished cladding

• The anticipated stress levels in the cladding

construction

• The size of sections and the location and

execution of expansion/structural joints.

32

Note:

To ensure swimming pool water of hygienic quality, the water is to be treated and disinfected in accordance

with DIN 19643-1 (treatment of water for swimming pools). To prevent fungal attack, the surfacing is to undergo

thorough cleaning once annually, replacing the entire filling of water.

Pool claddings

In the case of a swimming pool made of imperme-

able concrete the tiles are attached by means of the

BONDED CLADDING principle.

VOB-DIN 18352 “Working with tiles and slabs”

applies for bonded cladding in mortar (so-called

conventional or thick bed tiling)

DIN 18157 “Tiling ceramic coverings using the thin

bed method” applies for thin bed tiling.

DIN 18550 “Plaster” applies for screeds, DIN 18560 –

Part 3 “The use of screeds – bonded screeds”.

If the backing is as level as the finished cladding is

expected to be, the tiles can be fixed directly to the

concrete by the thin bed method.

In general, however, it is necessary to compensate for

a certain amount of unevenness. This is done by

applying an underlay of waterproof plaster of mortar

group III, preferably pure cement plaster. The tiles are

attached to the prepared backing with a thin bed of

hydraulic mortar in accordance with DIN 18156, Part 2.

When fixing the tiles directly on to the shotcrete with

a cement-based mortar, the back of the vitreous tiles

must first be powdered lightly with cement or coated

with cement-based grout.

Most serious damage resulting from the failure of the

bond between the tiles and the backing is caused by

shear stresses building up in the interface. Shear

stress occurs most often when the “young” concrete

is tiled before it has finished shrinking.

In accordance with point 7.2 of the information leaflet

"Schwimmbadbau" - Hinweise für Planung und

Ausführung Keramischer Beläge im

Schwimmbadbau" ("Swimming pool construction –

Instructions on planning and producing ceramic

coverings in swimming pool construction"), publis-

hed by the central association of the German buil-

ding industry (ZDB) in July 2008, the concrete should

have a minimum age of 6 months pursuant to DIN

1045.


33

Dry area Wet area

Angle beads with


Doo

rle

af

movement joints

Sealing tape

inclined

Closed cell rope

Screed


Thin-bed mortar

Tiles

Glass fibre fabric collar

Reinforcing collar

Polymer concrete collar

inclined inclined

TilesThin-bed mortarBonded waterproofing

Edge protection beadSealing tape

Elastic joint sealerClosed cell rope

Screed

Watertight concrete


Figure 3: Transition between a wet and a dry room

Figure 2: Waterproofing connection at drain

Floor and wall claddings in wet rooms

Figure 1: Waterproofing on screed joint

Floor claddings which are classified as having a

high exposure to moisture require waterproofing

and that the floors slope towards the drains. Ths

slope of the waterproofing layer corresponds to that

of the finished tiling. For ceramic tiles a slope of 1 –

2 % is usually sufficient. In showering rooms the

floor in the vicinity of the showers should slope at

a 3% gradient.

The waterproofing must extend over movement

joints. Permalastic sealing strips should be used for

this purpose. (Figure 1)

Drains are to be integrated into the surface water-

proofing by means of a flange or gasket. (Figure 2)

The level of the floor at the transition between wet

and dry rooms can be the same. The transition

should, however, not lie within the splash area and

the rooms should be separated by a door. The floor

of the wet room should slope sufficiently towards

the drain. (Figure 3)

Pipes and tap fittings that penetrate wall claddings

are integrated into the surface waterproofing by

means of a press-on flange.


34

Heating conductor

Bonded waterproofingSealing tape

Elastic joint sealantClosed cell rope

Pipe sleeve

Movement in heated and unheated floating coverings Movement joint in heated claddings.

Ceramic tiles on underfloor heating


Screeds on an insulating layer and heated screeds

should be reinforced. These screeds are to be divid-

ed into sections by section boundary joints: in

unheated screeds maximum 60 m2 in size with a

maximum edge length of 8 m and in heated screeds

maximum 40 m2 in size with a maximum edge

length of 6.5 m. Compact sections should be creat-

ed wherever possible. Structural joints should be

taken on in the same width and in the same location.

The screed sections should also be subdivided at

doorways and wall projections. The heating pipes

should not cross the section joints in heated screeds

where possible. If this should prove necessary,

300 mm long pipe sleeves should be used.

swimming pool construction

Documents

line of swimming pool

mmrough shell dimension

small format tiles10

yourswimming pool project

rough shell planning

modular tiles

company villeroy boch

tile planning