swedeheart registry eksempel på registerdata använt i forskning · 2016-04-26 · elutax n=308...
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Swedeheart registry RRCT: Randomiserade Register Studier
Bo Lagerqvist
Akademiska sjukhuset Uppsala
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4 Tricoci P et al. JAMA 2009;301:831-41
Which Treatment is Best for Whom?
High-Quality Evidence is Scarce
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Level of Evidence A Current Guidelines
0% 10% 20% 30%
11.7%
26.4%
15.3%
13.5%
12.0%
22.9%
6.4%
6.1%
23.6%
0.3%
9.7%
11.0%
19.0%
4.9%
4.8%
AF
Heart failure
PAD
STEMI
Perioperative
Secondary prevention
Stable angina
SV arrhythmias
UA/NSTEMI
Valvular disease
VA/SCD
PCI
CABG
Pacemaker
Radionuclide imaging
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Weaknesses
Strengths
Correctly designed studies with adequate power are gold standard for
comparative clinical trials
Extinguishes confounding
Expensive
Long time to plan and complete
Highly selected populations
Often selected specialized study centers
Often surrogate endpoints (Late lumen loss, TLR vs. Angina, MI)
Often sponsored by industry- only studies with economic interest will be
performed
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
Randomized Clinical Trials- RCT
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Registerstudier av behandlingseffekter??
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Kranskärl
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PCI–Percutan Transluminal Intervention
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Stent
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Före behandling
Efter ballong
Stentat kärl
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Founded and managed by the
profession
Supported by the Swedish health
authorities
Independent of the “Industry”
All 29 PCI centers contributes…
1989-2013:
PCI - 270 000 procedures
Angiography only - 300 000 procedures
Swedish Coronary Angiography
and Angioplasty Registry
(SCAAR)
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SWEDEHEART
National coverage
Hospitals No Patients Annual No
RIKS-HIA coronary intensive
care registry
100 % 73 60 % 50000
SCAAR (coronary
angiography and PCI)
100 % 30 100 % 40000
Thoracic surgery
100 %
8 100% 7000
SEPHIA Secondary
Prevention After Myocardial
Infarction(<75 yrs)
85% 65 55% 5500
TAVI 100 % 7 100 % 150
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History - SWEDEHEART
Regional CCU registry 1989
Open heart surgery 1992
RIKS-HIA - National CCU registry 1995
SCAAR – coronary angiography and PCI 1998
Internet platform - RIKS-HIA & SCAAR 2000 – 2002
UCR National Registry Center 2002
SEPHIA – secondary prevention, rehabilitation 2005
SWEDEHEART 2009
Heart 2010;96:1617-1621
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SWEDE HEART
Data entry on line by the
operator
Automatic linkage with
population registry
Automated data checks
Clinical background and prior CV disease
Angiographic background data
Administrative data
Name, personal ID number
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SCAAR – Scientific presentations :
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SCAAR merging – example of “Events”/Endpoints:
From SCAAR:
Complications
New procedures (angio/PCI)
Restenosis
Stent occlusions/stent thrombosis
From other part of SWEDEHEART:
Infarctions (STEMI NSEMI)
From Registry of Population (merge every month):
Death
From Registry of death cause (every year, 1-2 yrs lag):
Cause of death
From Registry of diagnosis (every year, 1-2 yrs lag):
Hospitalizations due to “ICD”(AMI, stroke, renal failure)
Op codes ( CABG, dialysis…)
From Prescribed Drug Register: Drug prescription since July 2005.
Other registries: NDR, SCB, Cancer, FK….
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Styrkor
Svagheter Confounding factors ofta omöjliga att fullt kompensera för trots avancerad
statistik
Data kvalitén ofta sämre
Missing values – kan ge oönskad selektion
Fodrar ofta avancerad statistik med multivarabel analys och propensity
score, svårvärderat, ”svarta lådan” effekten, risk för övervärdering.
Kliniskt viktiga endpoints – sällan surrogat endpoints
Stora studerade grupper tillåter analys av ovanliga händelser och
endpoints
Oselekterade populationer – generaliserbara resultat till ”alla” patienter
Alla centers är med – resultaten kan generaliseras till alla typer av sjukhus
Billigare
Snabbare
Register studier
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Randomiserade
Studier (RCT) Icke randomiserade
Observations studier
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Randomiserade
Studier (RCT)
Icke randomiserade
Observations studier
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1. Randomiserade studier
2. Metaanalys av randomiserade
studier
3. Register studier
4. Metaanalys av register och
randomiserade studier
5. Metaanalys av register studier
Rangordning av olika behandlingsstudier
…men en bra register-
studie kan vara bättre
än en dålig randomi-
serad studie
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• När det inte finns randomiserade studier eller när dessa är otillräckliga är registerstudier ett alternativ
• …men måste då tolkas med försiktighet.
• Kan hjälpa till att utöka till grupper som är för små eller som är exkluderade ifrån randomiserade studier.
Vid studier av behandlingseffekter är
”Randomiseringen kunskapens moder”
Registerstudier vs RCT
ex3 ex2
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Example 1 Restenoses after treatment of In-Stent
Restenosis (ISR)?
• 7,806 ISR treated in Sweden 2005-2012
• Original stent: • DES 2,629
• BMS 5,177
Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
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Example 1 Restenoses after treatment of In-Stent
Restenosis (ISR)?
• 7,806 ISR treated in Sweden 2005-2012
• Original stent: • DES 2,629
• BMS 5,177
Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
BMS DES
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Original stent -BMS
Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
DES vs BMS – 0.46 (0.36-0.60)
DEB vs BMS – 0.52 (0.30-0.89)
Results of different ISR-treatment SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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Original stent -BMS
Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
DES vs BMS – 0.46 (0.36-0.60)
DEB vs BMS – 0.52 (0.30-0.89)
Original stent -DES
DES vs BMS – 0.99 (0.65-1.51)
DEB vs BMS – 1.06 (0.61-1.86)
Results of different ISR-treatment SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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Results of different ISR-treatment
Original stent -BMS
Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
DES vs POBA – 0.62 (0.50-0.76)
BMS vs POBA – 1.34 (1.03-1.76)
Original stent -DES
DES vs POBA – 0.80 (0.66-0.99)
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
In DES-ISR, does a change of des-drugs helps?
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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In DES-ISR, does a change of des-drugs helps?
Schwalm T. et al, Eurointervention 2013
Change vs Same drug – 1.14 (0.84-1.55)
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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None, of these results are definite answers,….
they have to be further evaluated in other clinical studies were the treatment selection is based on randomization, not on doctors
choice
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Sometimes is the difference between treatments so big that observational data can
also early and in small materials can give strong signals….
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Example 2 Comparison of restenosis rate with 2
different Drug-Eluting Balloons
• SCAAR
• April 2009- September 2011 1,236 patients treated with :
• Braun SeQuent® Please N=919
• Aachen Resonance ELUTAX® , N=217
Bondesson P. et al, Eurointervention 2012
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Example 2 Comparison of restenosis rate with 2
different Drug-Eluting Balloons
• SCAAR
• April 2009- September 2011 1,236 patients treated with :
• Braun SeQuent® Please N=919
• Aachen Resonance ELUTAX® , N=217
Bondesson P. et al, Eurointervention 2012
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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• SCAAR
• April 2009- September 2011 1,236 patients treated with :
• Braun SeQuent® Please N=919
• Aachen Resonance ELUTAX® , N=217
Bondesson P. et al, Eurointervention 2012
SeQuent vs ELUTAX, overall: Crude 0.42 (0.26-0.68) Adjusted 0.39 (0.24-0.65)
Example 2 Comparison of restenosis rate with 2
different Drug-Eluting Balloons
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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Time (Days after PCI with DEB)
360270180900
Cumulative Rate of Restenosis (%)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Reported Restenosis within 1 year in DEBs used April 2009-Sept e2013 in Sweden
Biotronik Pantera N=382
Aachen Resonance Elutax N=308
Ivatec In.Pact FalN=247
Braun Sequent PleaN=2 933
Drug Eluting BaloDrug Eluting Balloons
Braun Sequent Please
N=2,933
Ivatec In.Pact Falcon
N=247
Biotronik Pantera Lux
N=247
Achen Resonance ELUTAX
N=348
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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Count Mean Std Deviation
Stents from 2007 BS Libertè
Abbott Xience Prime
BS Promus Element
Medtronic Driver
Medtronic Integrity
BS Taxus Liberté
Medtronic Resolute
Integrity
Abbott multilink Vision
Other stents
Cordis Cypher
XienceV or Promus
BS Omega
Medtronic Endeavor
Hexacath Titan2
Medtronic Endeavor
Resolute
Braun Coroflex Blue
Abbott Multilink8
Sorin Chrono
Biosensors BioMatrix
Biotronik Orsiro
Group Total
31762 1660 522
20874 623 350
18600 548 305
16619 1748 384
11324 788 292
9864 1776 378
9109 499 293
6826 1788 427
5712 1163 778
5224 1766 343
4316 1431 340
3520 557 194
3388 1786 406
2683 1616 502
2618 1139 317
2555 1948 534
2400 912 249
2370 2003 332
1335 726 420
1094 331 163
162193 1226 681
Page 1
Example 3 Reported stent thrombosis 2007-2013
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
http://www.ucr.uu.se/scaar/index.php/stent-reports
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Stent-thrombosis
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Example 3 Reported stent thrombosis 2007-2013
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
http://www.ucr.uu.se/scaar/index.php/stent-reports
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Example 3 Reported stent thrombosis 2007-2013
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
Adjusted
http://www.ucr.uu.se/scaar/index.php/stent-reports
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Example 3 Reported stent thrombosis 2007-2013
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
http://www.ucr.uu.se/scaar/index.php/stent-reports
Can the differences in SAT risk be
explained by The stent it self or by how the different stents are used???
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In summary: The most important weakness of registry studies of treatment effect is that differences between the groups usually generates much bigger differences in measured “effect” than the real difference between the treatments!
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Kan vi göra något åt detta??
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Kan vi låta lotten avgöra exponeringen i en registerstudie….
• Där alternativen används kliniskt och är väl kända. • Där skillnaderna avseende effekter och hantering är ganska små. • Där vi kan använda ”otvetydiga” outcomes.
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Trombaspiration
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Bakgrund
• Trots primär PCI har ST elevations AMI fortfarande en hög 1 års mortalitet
• Trombaspiration förbättrar – Incidens av stenttrombos
– TIMI flow grade
– Myocardial blush
– ST-segment resolution efter STEMI
• - och (därför) kanske också no reflow
• Ett antal randomiserade trombaspirationsstudier har visat vinst på surrogat endpoints
• En single center studie, TAPAS, med 1071 patienter, visade bättre överlevnad efter 1 år
49
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4,6%
2,3%
TAPAS
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Specific PCI devices and
pharmacotherapy
Joint 2010 ESC - EACTS Guidelines on Myocardial Revascularisation
ESC guidelines SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
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SWEDE HEART
SCAAR Thrombus aspiration in Sweden
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Thrombus aspiration in Sweden
Years after PCI 5 4 3 2 1 0
Cu
mu
lati
ve r
isk
of
de
ath
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05
0,00
Yes (N=3 666)
No (N=16 417)
HR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.08-1.35)
2005-2009
SWEDE HEART
SCAAR
Registry Studies
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All patients with STEMI in Sweden and Iceland undergoing
primary or rescue PCI. N=11 709 *)
Enrolled in TASTE
N=7259
N=3621 assigned
to thrombus aspiration
N=3399 underwent
thrombus aspiration
N=222 underwent
conventional PCI
TASTE trial enrollment flow chart
Not enrolled
N=4697
N=3623 assigned
to conventional PCI
N=3445 underwent
conventional PCI
N=178 underwent
thrombus aspiration
N=3621 were
followed up
N=3623 were
followed up
N=1162 were
followed up
N=3535 were
followed up
Enrolled in Denmark
N=247
Erroneous
enrollments
N=15
Randomized in TASTE
N=7244
N=1162
underwent
thrombus
aspiration
N=3535
underwent
conventional PCI
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Two questions need to be answered: Did the patient consent orally? Are inclusion and no exclusion criteria
met?
Did the patient consent?
Are inclusion and exclusion crieteria met?
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Information for consent
Did the patient consent?
Are inclusion and exclusion crieteria met?
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Randomize and store data
Did the patient consent?
Are inclusion and exclusion crieteria met?
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All-cause mortality up to 1 year
HR up to 1 year 0.94 (0.78 – 1.15), P=0.57
HR up to 30 days 0.94 (0.72 - 1.22), P=0.63
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8.5%
8,0%
Months
121086420
Death, Hosp for MI or Stent thrombosis (%)
8
6
4
2
0
Death, hospitalization for MI or stent thrombosis up to 1 year
PCI
PCI+TA
HR up to 30 days 0.86 (0.68 – 1.09), P=0.22
HR up to 1 year 0.94 (0.80 – 1.11), P=0.48
8.5%
8,0%
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0.7
0.9
Stent thrombosis up to 1 year
HR up to 1 year 0.84 (0.50 – 1.40), P=0.51
HR up to 30 days 0.47 (0.20 - 1.02), P=0.06
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TOTAL
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Kombinerar fördelarna med register och RCT
Komplement till klassisk RCT –Ingen ersättning
Flytande gräns mellan klassisk RCT och R-RCT
•R-RCT
•Värdering av strategier och
behandlingar som redan
används i klinisk rutin
RCT
Nya, oprövade läkemedel
och tekniska hjälpmedel
R-RCT vs. Klassisk RCT
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RCT R-RCT
Strategi +
Device – CE märkt, använt +
Device, first in man +
Läkemedel i klinisk praxis +
Läkemedel för ny indikation + +
Nytt läkemedel +
Studietyp
db
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• Enkel hypotes, en fråga-ett svar
• Sub-studier begränsade och enkla
• Behandlingsalternativen måste finnas i klinisk
rutin
• Väl definierade randomiseringsalternativ
• Öppen med ”otvetydigt utfall”
• Öppen med blind värdering av utfall
• Blind, placebokontrollerad
Studiedesign
db
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• Komplett protokoll
• Godkänd av nämnder och myndigheter
• Riskbaserad monitorering
• GCP ska följas men kan ofta göras enkelt
• Källdatakrav (Source data verification)
• Data säkerhets och monitoreringskommittee
(DSMB)
Studieprocedurer
db
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- Väl definierade, död enklast
- Kliniska
- Komplett
- Tillgänglig (fördröjning i PAR)
- Central händelseutvärdering (CEC) måste göras
för händelser som kan tolkas olika-speciellt
viktigt för öppna studier
Utfallsmått (Endpoint)
db
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Säkerhets- och andra variabler
• Extra prover, undersökningar-krav på patienten,
krav från myndgheter
• Ju mer säkerhetsdata desto mer likt traditionell
RCT Safety survaillance (AE, SAE, SUSAR)
db
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- Enligt gällande lag och EPN godkännande
- Muntligt + skriftligt
- Signerade samtycken måste monitoreras
- Elekroniska?
Informerat samtycke
db
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- Kontinuerlig on-line
- Registret hittar patienter och föreslå randomisering
- Få pre-randomiseringsvariabler
- Lås alla pre randomiseringsvariabler
Randomisering
db
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- Höga krav på alla registervariabler
- Monitorering
- Ackreditering
- Behåll specifika studievariabler i separat
databas
Datakvalitet
db
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Databas
Informed consent Randomiseringskod
Incl-/exclusion kriterier
Extra studiespecifika
variabler
Kvalitetsregister (variabler ex.
personnummer) Studiedatabas
Alla variabler
Personnummer ersätts
med studiekod
Kan inte ändras
Analysdatabas
Personnummer ersätts med studiekod
Relevanta
registervariabler
Tillgängligt för
registerpersonal/prövare
Möjlighet att avlägsna
patienter från register
Tillgängligt för
registerpersonal/prövare
Inte möjligt att avlägsna
patienter från studie
Tillgängligt för
registerpersonal/prövare/
monitorer
Data checks
Alla patienter behålls tills
ev återtaget samtycke
Andra nationella register (PAR, LM, )
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VALIDATE (n=6000) Bivalirudin versus Heparin in NST and ST- Elevation myocardial infarction in patients on modern
antiplatelet therapy in SWEDEHEART,
DETOX-AMI (n=7000)
DETermination of the role of OXygen in Acute Myocardial Infarction,
SWEDEPAD (n=2480)
SWEdish Drug Elution trial in Peripheral Arterial Disease. DES vs BMS and DEB vs POBA.
IFR SWEDEHEART (n=2000)
Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve in ACS
PROSPECT-2 (n=1200, hybrid trial)
Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree. Evaluate
future events from cholesterol plaques detected by near infrared spectroscopi
DISCO (n=2480)
Evaluate if patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest should undergo routine coronary angiography
U-CARE (n=500)
Evaluation of internet based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) versus usual care in patients with
depression/anxiety post MI.
Planerade eller pågående R-RCT
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Tack!
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