swd identification key characteristics - whatcom.wsu.edu · •swd has 4 stages of life: egg,...
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Up-to-date information on OSU website
http://SWD.hort.oregonstate.edu
Scouting information for Western WA:
http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd
Drosophila suzukiiSpotted Wing Drosophila (SWD)
SWD Identification –Key Characteristics
Black spot on male’s wings;
can be a light colored spot.
Two black
combs
parallel on
front legs
She inserts her saw-
like device
(ovipositor) into
ripening fruits and
lays eggs; typically it
is tucked under her
posterior.
Male Female
4-20-2011 Prepared by A.J. Dreves
• SWD has 4 stages of life: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult.
• They prefer intact, on-the-plant, ripe to ripening fruit.
• SWD is noted to spend the winter as an adult on borders
or perimeters in protected areas.
• Adults become active in the spring when temp. increases.
Bev Gerdeman
4-20-2011 AJD
SWD Fruit Hosts
Most preferred*
Cherries
Blueberries
Raspberries
Blackberries
Boysenberries
Strawberries
Grapes
Other hosts
Peaches
Nectarines
Asian Plums
Plumcots
Satsyma Plums
Elderberry
Kiwi, Figs
Italian Prunes
Persimmon
Asian Pears
*some fruit crops may not be
affected by SWD under certain
environmental conditions or
because of specific commercial
management practices
4-20-2011 AJD
Up-to-date information on OSU website
http://SWD.hort.oregonstate.edu
Scouting information for Western WA:
http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd
Drosophila suzukiiSpotted Wing Drosophila (SWD)
SWD Identification –Key Characteristics
Black spot on male’s wings;
can be a light colored spot.
Two black
combs
parallel on
front legs
She inserts her saw-
like device
(ovipositor) into
ripening fruits and
lays eggs; typically it
is tucked under her
posterior.
Male Female
4-20-2011 Prepared by A.J. Dreves
• SWD has 4 stages of life: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult.
• They prefer intact, on-the-plant, ripe to ripening fruit.
• SWD is noted to spend the winter as an adult on borders
or perimeters in protected areas.
• Adults become active in the spring when temp. increases.
Bev Gerdeman
4-20-2011 AJD
SWD Fruit Hosts
Most preferred*
Cherries
Blueberries
Raspberries
Blackberries
Boysenberries
Strawberries
Grapes
Other hosts
Peaches
Nectarines
Asian Plums
Plumcots
Satsyma Plums
Elderberry
Kiwi, Figs
Italian Prunes
Persimmon
Asian Pears
*some fruit crops may not be
affected by SWD under certain
environmental conditions or
because of specific commercial
management practices
4-20-2011 AJD
Extracting SWD Larvae from fruit
• Collect suspicious fruit with potential SWD larvae
Prepare a Salt-Water solution (1/4 cup plain salt: 4 cups
water). Place fruit in shallow white pan. Cover fruit with
dissolved solution.
OR
Prepare a Sugar-Water solution (3/4 cup sugar: 4 cups
water). Place fruit in zip-loc bag with crushed fruit. Add
sugar-water solution to cover and stir mixture.
• After 10-15 minutes, SWD larvae will exit from egg-
laying holes; some will float to the top and separate out
from fruit that sinks to the bottom.
• Detection of small larvae (1mm) may require the use of
a magnifying hand lens and good lighting.
Place fruit
in bag and
add sugar
solution
Place fruit
in tray and
cover with
solution
Monitoring TrapsSWD Monitoring TRAPS
Assembling Trap
• Obtain clear 32oz durable plastic cup with lid.
•Drill 1/8” holes (approx 10) right under the rim of the cup;
leave a 3” area free on one side for pouring out solution.
• Add approx. 1.5” of pure apple cider vinegar + a drop of
non-fragrant dish soap to break surface tension.
Placing Trap
• Begin monitoring early with baited traps, when daytime air
temperatures are higher than 50°F for several days, and/or
before fruit set.• Hang or place trap on shady or cooler side of plants.• To hang, use either heavy wire to hang cup from plant, or attach a loop of gutter mesh to post to hold cup.
Servicing Trap• Check traps once per week. Filter out male and female
SWD flies from solution for identification. Male flies are the
easiest to distinguish from other flies (black spot on each
wing).
• Use a hand lens or OptiVisor to better see spots on
male’s wings.
• Dump solution away from plants.
Recording Fly Numbers
•Record weekly SWD male flies (and female flies if trained)
in a record book.4-20-2011 AJD
Damage from SWD
• Look for oviposition scarring or spotting on fruit surface.
• Fruit can collapse at scarring site 2-3 days after egg laying• Fruit will soften and bruise. Mold can occur at damaged site.
• Two small hair-like filaments
are attached to egg that stick
out of fruit at egg-laying site.
• Look closely for small
white larvae inside fruit.
• Juice can exude out
SWD egg hole.
4-20-2011 AJD
Extracting SWD Larvae from fruit
• Collect suspicious fruit with potential SWD larvae
Prepare a Salt-Water solution (1/4 cup plain salt: 4 cups
water). Place fruit in shallow white pan. Cover fruit with
dissolved solution.
OR
Prepare a Sugar-Water solution (3/4 cup sugar: 4 cups
water). Place fruit in zip-loc bag with crushed fruit. Add
sugar-water solution to cover and stir mixture.
• After 10-15 minutes, SWD larvae will exit from egg-
laying holes; some will float to the top and separate out
from fruit that sinks to the bottom.
• Detection of small larvae (1mm) may require the use of
a magnifying hand lens and good lighting.
Place fruit
in bag and
add sugar
solution
Place fruit
in tray and
cover with
solution
Monitoring TrapsSWD Monitoring TRAPS
Assembling Trap
• Obtain clear 32oz durable plastic cup with lid.
•Drill 1/8” holes (approx 10) right under the rim of the cup;
leave a 3” area free on one side for pouring out solution.
• Add approx. 1.5” of pure apple cider vinegar + a drop of
non-fragrant dish soap to break surface tension.
Placing Trap
• Begin monitoring early with baited traps, when daytime air
temperatures are higher than 50°F for several days, and/or
before fruit set.• Hang or place trap on shady or cooler side of plants.• To hang, use either heavy wire to hang cup from plant, or attach a loop of gutter mesh to post to hold cup.
Servicing Trap• Check traps once per week. Filter out male and female
SWD flies from solution for identification. Male flies are the
easiest to distinguish from other flies (black spot on each
wing).
• Use a hand lens or OptiVisor to better see spots on
male’s wings.
• Dump solution away from plants.
Recording Fly Numbers
•Record weekly SWD male flies (and female flies if trained)
in a record book.4-20-2011 AJD
Damage from SWD
• Look for oviposition scarring or spotting on fruit surface.
• Fruit can collapse at scarring site 2-3 days after egg laying• Fruit will soften and bruise. Mold can occur at damaged site.
• Two small hair-like filaments
are attached to egg that stick
out of fruit at egg-laying site.
• Look closely for small
white larvae inside fruit.
• Juice can exude out
SWD egg hole.
4-20-2011 AJD
SWD SWAT Team
Washington State University (Western WA):Lynell Tanigoshi - Mount Vernon REC
Colleen Burrows, Dan Coyne ,Chris Benedict -Whatcom County Extension
Don McMoran - Skagit County Extension
Andrew Corbin - Snohomish County Extension
Washington State University (Eastern WA):Doug Walsh, Elizabeth Beers
Oregon State University (SWD project directors):Amy Dreves, Vaughn Walton, Peter Shearer,
British Columbia: Tracy Hueppelheuser, Mark Sweeney
SWD Management Plan
Set-up monitoring traps.Place trap in shady cool part of the plant, when
ambient air temp. are higher than 50˚F for several
days and before fruit colors.
Control flies before they lay eggs.Refer to management and pesticide document on
SWD website. Fruit starts to be susceptible when
they begin to color.
Include sanitation in your IPM program.Properly dispose of or destroy infested fruit that falls
on the ground or remains on plant to reduce breeding
sites and food sources for SWD (e.g. solarizing,
bagging)
Check fruit for larvae.Use Salt or Sugar Methods for extracting larvae (see
website)
Harvest fruit in a timely manner.Avoid SWD egg-laying
Rotate pesticides – avoid resistance
Observe pre-harvest and re-entry intervals.
Target fruit zone with good coverage.
Follow pesticide label, it’s the law.
Anonymous scouting data from raspberry and blueberry fields, consisting of total trap numbers, can be accessed online at:
http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd
Fields are scouted weekly; trap counts are updated by 6:00 PM on the day the trap was checked.
Please visit the website above for more detailed information on this project.
To Access Scouting Data WSU Scouting Program
WSU Extension received funding from the Washington Blueberry & Red Raspberry Commissions and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration to collect trap data in cooperating grower fields. Shaded areas in the map above indicate which counties contain fields participating in the project.
SWD SWAT Team
Washington State University (Western WA):Lynell Tanigoshi - Mount Vernon REC
Colleen Burrows, Dan Coyne ,Chris Benedict -Whatcom County Extension
Don McMoran - Skagit County Extension
Andrew Corbin - Snohomish County Extension
Washington State University (Eastern WA):Doug Walsh, Elizabeth Beers
Oregon State University (SWD project directors):Amy Dreves, Vaughn Walton, Peter Shearer,
British Columbia: Tracy Hueppelheuser, Mark Sweeney
SWD Management Plan
Set-up monitoring traps.Place trap in shady cool part of the plant, when
ambient air temp. are higher than 50˚F for several
days and before fruit colors.
Control flies before they lay eggs.Refer to management and pesticide document on
SWD website. Fruit starts to be susceptible when
they begin to color.
Include sanitation in your IPM program.Properly dispose of or destroy infested fruit that falls
on the ground or remains on plant to reduce breeding
sites and food sources for SWD (e.g. solarizing,
bagging)
Check fruit for larvae.Use Salt or Sugar Methods for extracting larvae (see
website)
Harvest fruit in a timely manner.Avoid SWD egg-laying
Rotate pesticides – avoid resistance
Observe pre-harvest and re-entry intervals.
Target fruit zone with good coverage.
Follow pesticide label, it’s the law.
Anonymous scouting data from raspberry and blueberry fields, consisting of total trap numbers, can be accessed online at:
http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd
Fields are scouted weekly; trap counts are updated by 6:00 PM on the day the trap was checked.
Please visit the website above for more detailed information on this project.
To Access Scouting Data WSU Scouting Program
WSU Extension received funding from the Washington Blueberry & Red Raspberry Commissions and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration to collect trap data in cooperating grower fields. Shaded areas in the map above indicate which counties contain fields participating in the project.