swatch watch process book

37
C O N V E R S I O N C O L L E C T I O N SWATCH AnnaMarie Vaughan Accademia Italiana BA Graphic Design & Visual Communication Corporate Design I - V Sem Prof. Fadi Bassil

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A process book on the series Conversion Swatches

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Swatch Watch Process Book

CONVERSION COLLECTION

SWATCH

AnnaMarie VaughanAccademia Ital iana

BA Graphic Design & Visual CommunicationCorporate Design I - V Sem

Prof. Fadi Bassi l

Page 2: Swatch Watch Process Book

INDE X

HI S TOR Y

B R A NDING

S WATC HE S

Nick Hayek ------------ 4 + 5

Timeline --------------- 6 + 7

Quote from CEO ------ 8 + 9

Length ------------------ 14 + 15

Speed -------------------- 16 + 17

Clothing ---------------- 18 + 19

Liquid ------------------- 20 + 21

Energ y ------------------ 22 + 23

Cooking ----------------- 24 + 25

Weight ------------------ 26 + 27

Surface Area ---------- 28 + 29

Astronomical ---------- 30 +31

Temperature ----------- 32 + 33

Personal ---------------- 34 + 35

Swatch Famil ies ----- 10 + 11

Vintage - --------------- 12 + 13

Page 3: Swatch Watch Process Book

Swatch watches are a European spe-ciality. The Corporate Design class was given an assignment to design ten Swatch watches. The ten designs need to follow a theme. The backs of the Swatches should also be consid-ered. It is important to look towards previous Swatch designs. Research about the Swatch dynasty, company, and current events is necessary.I have chosen to design a collection of swatches that can be used as reference for different universal conversions. Each swatch contains a different con-version topic along with a “fun-fact” on the face/back of the watch. The goal of this is to act as a memory sen-sor for each conversion.

INDE X

S WATC HE S

Page 4: Swatch Watch Process Book
Page 5: Swatch Watch Process Book

Under the guidance of Hayek, the f irst l ine of Swatch watches made

its debut in Zurich in 1983. The Swatch, or “Second Watch,” was an innovative concept of l ight-

weight, plast ic watches, avai lable in funky designs and colors. Apart

from becoming a fashion acces-sor y, these styl ish yet inexpensive

watches encouraged the concept of mult iple watch ow nership.

The chief architect be-hind these projects and the Swatch group’s success has been Nicolas Hayek, who, at

more than 70 years of age remains company chair-

man. Hayek is credited w ith leading Swatch from the

bankruptcy of its founding companies to more than SFr 3 .05 bi l l ion in annual sa les

in 1997.

T HE B EGINNING

NIC K H AY E K

Page 6: Swatch Watch Process Book
Page 7: Swatch Watch Process Book
Page 8: Swatch Watch Process Book
Page 9: Swatch Watch Process Book

Many people know the Swatch Group above a l l as the world’s top producer

of f in ished watches. What is less wel l know n is that the Swatch Group is a ver t ica l enter pr ise in the watch pro-

duct ion business, w ith the capabi l-it y to manufacture a l l the necessar y

components for the production of both mechanica l and quar tz watches. An enter pr ise that enables us to design, produce and distr ibute our brands’ products completely independently.

- Nick Hayek JrCEO of Swatch

““

Page 10: Swatch Watch Process Book

S WATC H OR IGIN A L S WATC H IR ON Y

Stainless steel and alu-minum wrist watches that come in a variety

of t imeless designs.

The original family of Swatch watches which began with the Swatch

Gent. These watches are characterized by their plastic housing,

strap etc.

At a thickness of just 3 .9mm, also includes: Skin Chrono and Skin

.beat.

S WATC H S K IN

THE F IVE FAMI L IES of swatch

Page 11: Swatch Watch Process Book

At a thickness of just 3 .9mm, also includes: Skin Chrono and Skin

.beat.

The digital Col lection from Swatch; includes

Internet Time.

The Swatch fashion-jewelr y Col lection

which uti l izes unex-pected shapes, materi-als and colors to grace

the skin.

S WATC H S K IN S WATC H B E AT S WATC H B I JOU X

THE F IVE FAMI L IES of swatch

Page 12: Swatch Watch Process Book

1990-1999

POP

In the mid-1980s, mainstream Swatch fashion statements came about in the ris-ing hip-hop scene with the introduction of various colored and interchangeable watch faces and wrist bands (made of vi-nyl). Colors included bright, day-glow and pastels. The key standard accessory was the Swatch Guard, a thin, rubber-band like strip that would stretch over the watch face. A good number of “Swatchies” sported two Swatch Guards of different colors, twisted or braided together across the Swatch face.

Bold. Br ight. Br i l l iant.

v I N TAG E

Page 13: Swatch Watch Process Book

1990-1999

POP

Page 14: Swatch Watch Process Book

length

DID YOU KNOW? HOW HIGH CAN YOU CLIMB?

the themethe sketches

In my or ig inal sketches I had planned to cre-ate t wo di ffer-ent swatches for length; the im-per ia l and the metr ic system. I then decided that in order for us-ers to understand the conversion bet ween the t wo I must create one swatch v isual ly show ing this im-por tance.

The height of Mt. Ever-est was an average of 6 d i f ferent measures

then adding it t wo feet to avoid any skewed

data making the moun-ta in 29,062 feet ta l l .

FACT:

Page 15: Swatch Watch Process Book

DID YOU KNOW? HOW HIGH CAN YOU CLIMB?

LENGTH

CE

NT

IM

ET

ER

IN

CH

12

3

6

9

2.54 cm = 1 in

10 mm = 1 cm

12 in = 1 ft

1 m = 3.28 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 mi = 1609.34 m

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The height of Mt. Everest was an average of 6

different measures then adding it two feet to avoid

any skewed data making the mountain 29,062 feet tall.

DID YOU KNOW? HOW HIGH CAN YOU CLIMB?

the theme

the colors

the swatch

DID YOU KNOW? HOW HIGH CAN YOU CLIMB?

LENGTH

CE

NT

IM

ET

ER

IN

CH

12

3

6

9

2.54 cm = 1 in

10 mm = 1 cm

12 in = 1 ft

1 m = 3.28 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 mi = 1609.34 m

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The height of Mt. Everest was an average of 6

different measures then adding it two feet to avoid

any skewed data making the mountain 29,062 feet tall.

BACK

The colors were chosen to at tract a neutra l gender au-dience. Pr imar y colors red and yel-low were used to pop out and stand strongly against the cold blue hues.

Page 16: Swatch Watch Process Book

speed

HOW FAST DO YOU MOVE?

the themethe sketches

Snai l = .03 mphDeer = 32 mph

Human = 27.89 mphCheetah = 70 mphTrain = 250 mphJet = 2 , 1933 mph

FACT:

Narrow ing dow n the many di f-fernt speeds found was key in l ink-ing the audi-ence to the swatch. Us-ing ever yday objects as a “fun-fact” helps the v iewer to relate. Plac-ing one of those ordi-nar y objects on the face of the watch a lso ser ves as a memor y image when relat ing back to that cer-tain conver-sion.

Page 17: Swatch Watch Process Book

WHAT’S YOUR SPEED?

12

3

6

9

SPEED

1 m/sec = 2.33 mi/hr

1 mph = 1.6 kmh

Speed of Light = 670616629.4 mph

1 knot = 1.151 mph

Speed of Sound = 760 mph

Freezing Point = 32ºF

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

Snail = .03 mphDeer = 32 mph

Human = 27.89 mphCheetah = 70 mphTrain = 250 mphJet = 2, 1933 mph

HOW FAST DO YOU MOVE?

the theme

the swatch

the colors

WHAT’S YOUR SPEED?

12

3

6

9

SPEED

1 m/sec = 2.33 mi/hr

1 mph = 1.6 kmh

Speed of Light = 670616629.4 mph

1 knot = 1.151 mph

Speed of Sound = 760 mph

Freezing Point = 32ºF

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

Snail = .03 mphDeer = 32 mph

Human = 27.89 mphCheetah = 70 mphTrain = 250 mphJet = 2, 1933 mph

BACK

The color for the speed watch were pul led from the the overal l theme - colors from snai ls , cheetahs, deer, trains and jet-planes.

Page 18: Swatch Watch Process Book

sizes

WHAT’S YOUR SIZE?

the themethe sketches

The size swatch w i l l be used most-ly by travel-ers who need to know their c lothing size in another countr y, on the f ly. The US, UK and Europe (EU) are the three most com-monly v isited locations.

The US recently changed their c lothing

sizes so that size 8 i s what used to be size 10

in order to make the consumer happy.

FACT:

Page 19: Swatch Watch Process Book

WHAT’S YOUR SIZE?

12

3

6

9

SIZES

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

US UK EU

4 6 34

6 8 36

8 10 38

10 12 40

12 14 42

The US recently changed their clothing sizes so that size 8 is

what used to be size 10 in order to make the

consumer happy.

WHAT’S YOUR SIZE?

the theme

the swatchthe colors

WHAT’S YOUR SIZE?

12

3

6

9

SIZES

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

US UK EU

4 6 34

6 8 36

8 10 38

10 12 40

12 14 42

The US recently changed their clothing sizes so that size 8 is

what used to be size 10 in order to make the

consumer happy.

BACK

The colors for the sizes swatch were simply colors pul led out of t y pic

Page 20: Swatch Watch Process Book

l iqu id

HOW MANY DROPS?

the themethe sketches

The l iquid swatch was bui ld to real-ly give a cool l iquid v ibe tw isted w ith a fun pattern. The simple shape of a water drop-let would be recognizeable yet the pat-tern would draw interest to the audi-ence.

About 20 drops ofwater make up

1 mi l l i l iter

FACT:

Page 21: Swatch Watch Process Book

VOLUME

12

3

6

9

VOLUME

1 quarts = 32 oz

1 pint = 16 0z

1 liter = 2.11 pints

1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 cup = 8 oz

1 gallon = 128 oz

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

About 20 drops ofwater make up

1 milliliter

HOW MANY DROPS?

the theme

the swatchthe colors

VOLUME

12

3

6

9

VOLUME

1 quarts = 32 oz

1 pint = 16 0z

1 liter = 2.11 pints

1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 cup = 8 oz

1 gallon = 128 oz

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

About 20 drops ofwater make up

1 milliliter

BACK

The di fferent hues and shades of blue correspond w ith l iquid and water droplets.

Page 22: Swatch Watch Process Book

energy

CAN YOU SCREAM?

the themethe sketches

The coffee cup is meant to be a staple icon to help remember energ y con-versions. The fun-fact is “wowable” enough to never forget and the fa-mil iar ity of a nice cup of coffee {hot at that} is com-for ting as wel l .

FACT:If you yel led for 8

years, 7 months and 6 days it would produce enough ever y to heat a

cup of coffee

Page 23: Swatch Watch Process Book

MEASUREMENTSDID YOU KNOW?

12

3

6

9

ENERGY

1 cal = 4.1868 J

1 J = 10000000 erg

1 W-h = 3600 J

1 kcal = 4186.8 J

1 cal = 41868000 erg

1 J = 1E-9 GJ

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days it would

produce enough every to heat a cup of coffee

CAN YOU SCREAM?

the theme

the swatchthe colors

MEASUREMENTSDID YOU KNOW?

12

3

6

9

ENERGY

1 cal = 4.1868 J

1 J = 10000000 erg

1 W-h = 3600 J

1 kcal = 4186.8 J

1 cal = 41868000 erg

1 J = 1E-9 GJ

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days it would

produce enough every to heat a cup of coffee

BACK

The colors for the energ y watch were chosen because of the context. Green = energ y Brow n = Coffee Coral = A warm pop - the per fect mix!

Page 24: Swatch Watch Process Book

cooking

HOW MANY LEMONS?

the themethe sketches

In the cook-ing swatch famil iar items/utin-sels were paired w ith the “fun-fact” object to give even an audi-ence unable to read an idea of what the watch may be used for.

FACT:4 large lemons

makes about 1 cup of juice

Page 25: Swatch Watch Process Book

MEASUREMENTS

12

3

6

9

MEASUREMENTS

2.54 cm = 1 in

10 mm = 1 cm

12 in = 1 ft

1 m = 3.28 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 mi = 1609.34 m

1 C = 8 oz

1 oz = 6 tsp

1 pint = 2 cups

1 tsp = 1/3 tbsp

1 cup = 48 tsp

1 pint = 2 cups

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

4 large lemons make about 1 cup of juice

HOW MANY LEMONS?

the theme

the swatchthe colors

MEASUREMENTS

12

3

6

9

MEASUREMENTS

2.54 cm = 1 in

10 mm = 1 cm

12 in = 1 ft

1 m = 3.28 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 mi = 1609.34 m

1 C = 8 oz

1 oz = 6 tsp

1 pint = 2 cups

1 tsp = 1/3 tbsp

1 cup = 48 tsp

1 pint = 2 cups

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

4 large lemons make about 1 cup of juice

BACK

The colors chosen for the cooking measurements swatch were in-spired from appl i-ances and ut insels in my ow n kitch-en.

Page 26: Swatch Watch Process Book

weight

56 4

37

HOW HEAVY?

the themethe sketches

In order to get accross the idea of weight w ith out pushing the audi-ence away by relat ing it to their health, i used a fa-mil iar object - produce!

FACT:A papercl ip weighs

about 1 gram

Page 27: Swatch Watch Process Book

56 4

37

HOW HEAVY?

12

3

6

9

WEIGHT

1 kg = 35.27 oz

1 lbs = 16 oz

1 ton = 2,204.6 lbs

1 lb = 453.6 g

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

A paperclip weighs about 1

gram

56 4

37

HOW HEAVY?

the theme

the colors

56 4

37

HOW HEAVY?

12

3

6

9

WEIGHT

1 kg = 35.27 oz

1 lbs = 16 oz

1 ton = 2,204.6 lbs

1 lb = 453.6 g

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

A paperclip weighs about 1

gram

BACK

These colors were pul led from the colors of ever yday produce and the sca les we use to buy them!

the swatch

Page 28: Swatch Watch Process Book

sur face area

WHAT’S AN ACRE?

the themethe sketches

Surface area can relate to a lmost any physical object, there-for f inding a f imi lar icon for the face needed to be extremely fa-mil iar. Acres are one of the most im-portant use of surface area and who doesn’t think of trees when they think of surface area!

FACT:The height of Mt. Ever-est was an average of 6 d i f ferent measures

then adding it t wo feet to avoid any skewed

data making the moun-ta in 29,062 feet ta l l .

Page 29: Swatch Watch Process Book

SURFACE AREA

12

3

6

9

SURFACE AREA

1 sq ft = 144 sq in

1 sq mi = 640 acres

1 hectare = 100 acres

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The acre was originally the area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day and

therefore differed in size from one locality to

another. It is now fixed as 4, 046.9 sq. m

WHAT’S AN ACRE?

the theme

the colors

SURFACE AREA

12

3

6

9

SURFACE AREA

1 sq ft = 144 sq in

1 sq mi = 640 acres

1 hectare = 100 acres

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The acre was originally the area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day and

therefore differed in size from one locality to

another. It is now fixed as 4, 046.9 sq. m

BACK

These colors were inspirated by the many greens found in the woods then matches w ith a few pops of color.

the swatch

Page 30: Swatch Watch Process Book

astronomica l

HOW MANY LIGHTYEARS?

the themethe sketches

Incorporat-ing famil iar planets into the face of the watch would help to connect the audience to the conver-sions of the astronomical unit.

FACT:Light moves at a ve-

locit y of about 300,000 k i lometres each sec-ond, so in one year,

it t ravels about 9,500,000,000,000 k i lo-

metres.

Page 31: Swatch Watch Process Book

astronomica l

HOW MANY LIGHTYEARS?

12

3

6

9

ASTRONOMICAL

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 AU = 149 598 000 km

1 parsec = 3.263 ly

1 ly = 10 trillion kilometrs

1 ly = 8 766 light hour

1 parsec = 206 264.8 AU

1 AU = .000 015 ly

A "light year" is a measure of distance, not time. It is defined as the distance light travels in

one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000

kilometres each second, so in one year, it travels about

9,500,000,000,000 kilometres.

HOW MANY LIGHTYEARS?

the theme

the colors

HOW MANY LIGHTYEARS?

12

3

6

9

ASTRONOMICAL

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 AU = 149 598 000 km

1 parsec = 3.263 ly

1 ly = 10 trillion kilometrs

1 ly = 8 766 light hour

1 parsec = 206 264.8 AU

1 AU = .000 015 ly

A "light year" is a measure of distance, not time. It is defined as the distance light travels in

one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000

kilometres each second, so in one year, it travels about

9,500,000,000,000 kilometres.

BACK

These colors were used in the face to represent fami l iar colors we see in our solar system.

the swatch

Page 32: Swatch Watch Process Book

temperature

HOT OR COLD?

F C

the themethe sketches

Portray ing the locations of where Fahrenheit is used around the world versus cel-cius was my concept for the face of the swatch. I a lso wanted to include in-formation on the face that would a l-low the used to v isual ly f igure this fact out and then wonder abot the f lag at the bot-tom - which they would then turn the swatch over to discover.

FACT:The lowest recorded temperature on the ear th was 89.2° in

Vostok, Antar t ica in Ju ly of 1983

Page 33: Swatch Watch Process Book

SURFACE AREA

12

3

6

9

SURFACE AREA

1 sq ft = 144 sq in

1 sq mi = 640 acres

1 hectare = 100 acres

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The acre was originally the area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day and

therefore differed in size from one locality to

another. It is now fixed as 4, 046.9 sq. m

HOT OR COLD?

F C

the theme

the colors

SURFACE AREA

12

3

6

9

SURFACE AREA

1 sq ft = 144 sq in

1 sq mi = 640 acres

1 hectare = 100 acres

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The acre was originally the area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day and

therefore differed in size from one locality to

another. It is now fixed as 4, 046.9 sq. m

BACK

These colors were based off the idea of boi l ing point because there is a d i f ferent bet ween F & C where you w i l l f ind the per-fect point. Bold , br ight and hot!

the swatch

Page 34: Swatch Watch Process Book

persona l

ANNAMARIE LOUISE VAUGHAN

the themethe sketches

The idea of my personal logo was to create a swatch that would act as a busi-ness card. I would create a monogram represent-ing not only my design ski l ls but my personal ity as wel l . The back of the swatch would include my information..

FACT:Graphic Designer

715 [email protected]

>> Yupp, that ’s me!

Page 35: Swatch Watch Process Book

ANNAMARIE LOUISE VAUGHAN

12

3

6

9

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

Graphic Designer715. 828. 9377

[email protected]

ANNAMARIE LOUISE VAUGHAN

the theme

the colors

ANNAMARIE LOUISE VAUGHAN

12

3

6

9

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

Graphic Designer715. 828. 9377

[email protected]

BACK

My favor ite col-ors - the best g irly combo {that sur-pr isingly doesn’t include pink}

the swatch

Page 36: Swatch Watch Process Book

MEASUREMENTS

12

3

6

9

MEASUREMENTS

2.54 cm = 1 in

10 mm = 1 cm

12 in = 1 ft

1 m = 3.28 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 mi = 1609.34 m

1 C = 8 oz

1 oz = 6 tsp

1 pint = 2 cups

1 tsp = 1/3 tbsp

1 cup = 48 tsp

1 pint = 2 cups

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

4 large lemons make about 1 cup of juice

DID YOU KNOW? HOW HIGH CAN YOU CLIMB?

LENGTH

CE

NT

IM

ET

ER

IN

CH

12

3

6

9

2.54 cm = 1 in

10 mm = 1 cm

12 in = 1 ft

1 m = 3.28 ft

1 mi = 5280 ft

1 mi = 1609.34 m

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The height of Mt. Everest was an average of 6

different measures then adding it two feet to avoid

any skewed data making the mountain 29,062 feet tall.

WHAT’S YOUR SPEED?

12

3

6

9

SPEED

1 m/sec = 2.33 mi/hr

1 mph = 1.6 kmh

Speed of Light = 670616629.4 mph

1 knot = 1.151 mph

Speed of Sound = 760 mph

Freezing Point = 32ºF

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

Snail = .03 mphDeer = 32 mph

Human = 27.89 mphCheetah = 70 mphTrain = 250 mphJet = 2, 1933 mph

SURFACE AREA

12

3

6

9

SURFACE AREA

1 sq ft = 144 sq in

1 sq mi = 640 acres

1 hectare = 100 acres

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The acre was originally the area a yoke of oxen could plow in a day and

therefore differed in size from one locality to

another. It is now fixed as 4, 046.9 sq. m

VOLUME

12

3

6

9

VOLUME

1 quarts = 32 oz

1 pint = 16 0z

1 liter = 2.11 pints

1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 cup = 8 oz

1 gallon = 128 oz

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

About 20 drops ofwater make up

1 milliliter

convers ion col lect ion

Page 37: Swatch Watch Process Book

WHAT’S YOUR SIZE?

12

3

6

9

SIZES

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

US UK EU

4 6 34

6 8 36

8 10 38

10 12 40

12 14 42

The US recently changed their clothing sizes so that size 8 is

what used to be size 10 in order to make the

consumer happy.

MEASUREMENTSDID YOU KNOW?

12

3

6

9

ENERGY

1 cal = 4.1868 J

1 J = 10000000 erg

1 W-h = 3600 J

1 kcal = 4186.8 J

1 cal = 41868000 erg

1 J = 1E-9 GJ

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days it would

produce enough every to heat a cup of coffee

C F

TEMPERATURE

F C12

3

6

9

TEMPERATURE

Cº = (Fº-32) x 5/9

Fº = (Cº-1.8) +32

Boiling Point = 100ºC

Boiling Point =212ºF

Freezing Point = 0ºC

Freezing Point = 32ºF

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

The lowest recorded temperature on the earth

was 89.2° in Vostok, Antartica in July of 1983

VOLUME

12

3

6

9

VOLUME

1 quarts = 32 oz

1 pint = 16 0z

1 liter = 2.11 pints

1 gallon = 4 quarts

1 cup = 8 oz

1 gallon = 128 oz

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

About 20 drops ofwater make up

1 milliliterHOW MANY LIGHTYEARS?

12

3

6

9

ASTRONOMICAL

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

1 AU = 149 598 000 km

1 parsec = 3.263 ly

1 ly = 10 trillion kilometrs

1 ly = 8 766 light hour

1 parsec = 206 264.8 AU

1 AU = .000 015 ly

A "light year" is a measure of distance, not time. It is defined as the distance light travels in

one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000

kilometres each second, so in one year, it travels about

9,500,000,000,000 kilometres.

56 4

37

HOW HEAVY?

12

3

6

9

WEIGHT

1 kg = 35.27 oz

1 lbs = 16 oz

1 ton = 2,204.6 lbs

1 lb = 453.6 g

1 sq = 100 sq ft

1 section = 1 sq mi

1 sq ft =144 sq in

1 sq yd = 9 sq ft

A paperclip weighs about 1

gram

convers ion col lect ion