swarm intelligence
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A Natural Swarm Intelligence System(Ant Colony)
• Find the shortest path to food• Go on raiding parties to gather it• Carry it cooperatively• Make cemeteries• Sort their brood by size• Etc
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What is Swarm Intelligence?• Collective system capable of accomplishing difficult tasks in
dynamic and varied environments without any external guidance or control and with no central coordination
• Achieving a collective performance which could not normally be achieved by an individual acting alone
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Types of Interactions of Ants• Direct interactions
– Food/liquid exchange– Visual contact– Chemical contact (pheromones)
• Indirect interactions (Stigmergy)– Individual behavior modifies the environment, which in turn modifies
the behavior of other individuals
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Designing Algorithms• Algorithms can be designed by observing the behavior of ants• It means the coordination of artificial ants for solving
computational problems
Dr. Marco Dorigo
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Travelling Salesman ProblemInitialize
Loop /* at this level each loop is called an iteration */
Each ant is positioned on a starting node
Loop /* at this level each loop is called a step */
Each ant applies a state transition rule to incrementally
build a solution and a local pheromone updating rule
Until all ants have built a complete solution
A global pheromone updating rule is applied
Until End condition
M. Dorigo, L. M. Gambardella : ftp://iridia.ulb.ac.be/pub/mdorigo/journals/IJ.16-TEC97.US.pdf
Ant Colony System: A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem
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Travelling Sales Ants
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Application in Robotics• Complete tasks collectively• No need to have extremely complex algorithms• Adaptable to changing environment
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Communication Networks• Routing packets to destination in shortest time• Similar to shortest route• Statistics kept from prior routing
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Challenges• Still very theoretical• No clear boundaries• Details about inner workings of swarms
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Any Questions?
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Thank You!