swamystreesofsalbonialocator

Swamys Trees of Salboni A Locator

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Swamys Trees of Salboni

A Locator

N. Krishnaswamy [email protected] [email protected]


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A Locator

2008


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Swamys Trees of Salboni A Locator First Edition 2008 Text: N. Krishnaswamy Photographs: World wide web Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise with due credits to the author. Ebook Design: N. Krishnaswamy Set in 16 pt Goudy OldSt BT on 18pt body


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Dedication

To Appa - K. Narayanan, my father- who has

made me what I am and what I will be and

Amma – N. Vanaja, my mother- who is the

reason for me and always demanding the best

from me.


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Acknowledgements I would like to put it on record the gartefulness to the management of Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran for posting me in Salboni and authorities of its Salboni site who provided accomodation to stay in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni enabling me to appreciate this veritable land of trees.

All through, in the course of writing this book ‘Bhutu dha’ alias Shatadal Acharya, Supervisor, Department of Forest, Government of West Bengal used to tell me not only the names of the trees but also the uses, botanical names, locations and any other interesting information which I duly acknowledge. Alongwith him, his colleagues R. K. Dey, Jana ‘babu’, Ratan ‘babu’, Subrato, Syamapada Mandi, Lakhi ‘dha’, Tarun Mahato, Sapan Mahato and Shivshankar had given much of their valuable experience and knowledge.

I would like to thank Tapas Das for the comment made on the layout and graphics in the first few infosheets which was subsequently revised to the current look. My appreciation goes to ‘Partha’ alias Partha Bhattacharya who used to comment whenever he receives an infosheet on a tree which has greatly enthused me.

There were inumerable number of my colleagues working in Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran, Salboni and Mysore for giving feedback and responses whenever they felt like. They


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include, Soumen Payet, S. Sundararaj, B. N. Chakraborty, P. M. Mahapatra, Kishore Kumar Pal et al.

Shri. Manas Ranjan Mohanty and Shri. Biswanath Chakraborty Deputy General Managers of Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Limited graciously considered my request for writing a foreword for this ebook and have given a splendid start to this effort which, I shall acknowledge immensely.

I owe myself to Shreya, Ananthie and Jeiram for inspiring me as always.

Last but not the least Medha and Jayashree who are the soul of me and make my family, for never bothering me with any of the worldly things and supported me with a never ending fountain of affection and inspiration all along.

N. Krishnaswamy


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Contents

Page No

Foreword XI

Foreword XIII

Preface XV

Trees of Salboni 1

References 177

Scientific Names 182

Vernacular Names and Locations 184

Index 192


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Foreword

Salboni, serene and silent. On moonlit nights,

Treading along the treelined avenues And looking into the thick tree cover beyond;

The jackals howling; Somewhere a cobra or krait Trudging along grudgingly, For we have occupied their lands.

One wonders what we call these humble giants, The trees – the remnant of trees of Sal ‘ban’ The voluptuous kadambas, The beautiful, demure bakulas, The countless trees unknown.

God created them, Our ancestors named them And our own Swamy – Krishnaswamy – Our resident, versatile genius


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Catalogued them for us. An endeavour only a tree lover can engage in. Our gratitude and prayers for Shri N. Krishnaswamy

Salboni Winter 2008

Manas Ranjan Mohanty Deputy General Manager,

Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd. Salboni, District: Midnapore (West), PIN: 721 132, West Bengal


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Foreword

It is always a great pleasure associating with an endeavour of literarture, art and culture. Shri. N. Krishnaswamy has given me an opportunity, which combines these and the environment we live with.

Note Mudran Nagar is a small township of Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd., located at about 40km from Kharagpur, covering about 576 acres of sprawling land in Salboni. It has a huge manmade plantation of about a lakh trees of different species.

Shri. N. Krishnaswamy has taken the effort of identifying the different speices of trees and their locatons in our township. He has also identified their botanical names alomgwith their various features.

This I believe is an appreciable work of documening the species of trees available in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni for the years to come. This will be a graet motivator for the township


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residents to know about their locale and thereby nourish and nurture for further prosperity and social benefits.

This ebook, rests largely on the experience and observations of the author, which will be of immense use to the township residents, students, teachers, housewives and township administrators interested in the aesthetics of greenery around them. I am sure ‘Swamys trees of Salboni – a locator’ will be of immense value as reference book. Salboni December 17, 2008

B. N. Chakraborty Deputy General Manager

Bharatiya Reserve Bank NOTE Mudran (P) Ltd. Salboni, District: Midnapore (West), PIN: 721 132, West Bengal


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Preface This ebook ‘Swamys Trees of Salboni - A Locator’ is a result of a longstanding inquisitiveness on the trees the author has come across all through his walking life. Though involved or had some kind of assosiation or relation with different plants, trees, shrubs, creepers and bushes it never occurred to me to know more than what mattered at that point of time. But I never missed any opportunity to see and appreciate, admire and awe at the plants whenever it happened to be for the sake of their size, colour, shape and for any other special qualities.

Upon my transfer and posting in Salboni which is located at about 40km from Kharagpur and 22km from Midnapore in West Benagl, I had all the time of my life to see the trees again and again and again! The small township of where I am posted has beautiful and broad tree lined roads. I like walking and walked for about 3 years under these trees and along the trees. Photographed many of them. Created a good number of photo-essays on the trees and greenery. But the quest did not give satisfaction.

Fortunately I was given the responsibility of afforestration and got involved with the plantation officials and forestry hands. My quest got a vent. I kept asking questions to whomever, who can answer me. The world wide web was the last resort to corroborate and consolidate what I had learnt. I started taking notes and just for the heck of it I started writing a short note on each type of tree I had seen.


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Once I felt confident that I am having some information

which was relevant and useful I started sharing through emails, each about a tree in a page a day. When the going was good with easy information and easy assertion I went ahead. One fine morning I asked myself “why am I doing this? “and answered “why not?” Thenceforth I took it upon as a mission to compile the list of trees available in the Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni and could compile a list, which is profusely supported with photographs and a samll write up. Some trees could not be identified by the author and any favourable response in identifying them is always appreciated.

This book is an attempt to identfy the tree variety available in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni and locating them in the campus. Each page of the book contains information and photographs of one tree with scientific name, other popular names, some features, some interesting facts and tells where it can be seen in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni. A consolidated name list in vernacular language is provided for easy recognition and its location. Author takes all the responsibilty for its contents. If this ebook tells the variety and diversity of the trees in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni to anybody who is interested, it will certainly be construed as a reward to the efforts of the author.

N. Krishnaswamy December 23, 2008


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Swamys

Trees of Salboni

A Locator

N. Krishnaswamy

Swamys Trees of Salboni a Locator

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1 Acacia Auriculiformis Akashmani, Auri, Earleaf acacia, Earpod wattle, Northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, Bengal jali or Tan wattle is a fast-growing, crooked, gnarly and thorny tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It grows up to 30m tall. This is raised as an ornamental plant, as a shade tree and it is also raised on plantations for fuelwood throughout Southeast Asia Oceana and in Sudan. Its wood is good for making paper, furniture and tools. It contains tannin, useful in animal hide tanning. In India, its wood and charcoal are widely used for fuel. Gum from the tree is sold commercially, but it is said not to be as useful as gum-arabic. The tree is used to make an analgesic by indigenous Australians. Extracts of Acacia auriculiformis heartwood inhibit fungi that attack wood. This is found in several locations.


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2 Acacia Holosericea Don or soap bush wattle is a shrubby acacia and is little used in its native Australia. Don is one of some 850 thornless species of the genus endemic to Australia. It bears large phyllodes, 10-25cm long and 1.5 to 10cm broad, usually covered densely with fine hairs, giving the tree attractive silvery foliage. Small bright yellow flowers are aggregated in prominent spikes of 3-6cm long. Narrow, hairless pods, 3-6can long, are coiled in dense clusters and contain shiny black seeds, each with a yellow aril at the base. Flowering is heavy and precocious and abundant crops of mature seeds may be formed within two years of planting. It commonly forms a spreading shrub to 5m in height with many ascending branches from just above ground level. Occasionally it grows as a small tree up to 8m in height. The wood is hard and has a high density of about 870kg/m3. The rapid early growth rate makes it a highly productive fuelwood source. The large, dense crown of this shrubby acacia enables it to form a screen. Like many acacias, it is relatively short-lived, from as little as 4-5 years to not more than 10-12 years. It’s potential for fuel, charcoal, animal fodder, land rehabilitation and as an ornamental is now being realized in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. There is a patch of don in the northern outer boundary of Plant and a good specimen can be seen behind the Kalakendra adjacent to C type houses.


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3 Aegle Marmelos Bael, Bel, Bil, Beli, Bela, Bilva, Bilvam, Kuvalam, Madtoum, Bengal quince, Ahaka, Stone apple, Maredu or Wood apple is a medium-sized deciduous, fruit-bearing tree indigenous to dry forests on hills and plains of central and southern India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Philippines. It grows upto 18m tall and bears thorns and greenish white fragrant flowers. Its branches are thorny and bark is gray in color. The leaves are trifoliate, aromatic and full of aromatic oil. It has a woody-skinned, smooth fruit 5-15cm in diameter. Bel tree matures in about 60 years reaching a height of about 10 m and girth 1 to 1.5m. It regenerates itself with ease in its natural habitat. The skin of some forms of the fruit is so hard it must be cracked open with a hammer. It has numerous seeds, which are densely covered with fibrous hairs and are embedded in a thick, gluey, aromatic pulp. The fruit is eaten fresh or dried. If fresh, the juice is strained and sweetened to make a drink similar to lemonade. The fruit is also used in religious rituals and as ayurvedic remedy. It is a very powerful antidote for chronic constipation. In Hinduism, Lord Shiva is said to live under the Bael tree. In the traditional culture of Nepal, the Bael tree is part of an important fertility ritual for girls known as the Bel baha. An orchard of Bael can be found opposite Hospital.


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4 Ailanthus Excelsa Mahanim, Ailanthus, Coramandel ailanto, Tree-of-heaven, Ardu, Arua, Horanim maruk, Mahanim, Maharuk, Mahrukh, Maruf, Pir nim, Madala, Periamaram, Peru, Perumaran, Pimaram or Pinari is native to India and SriLanka and is found in Sudan. This is a large deciduous tree, 18-25m tall with straight trunk of 60-80cm in diameter; light grey and smooth bark, aromatic and slightly bitter. Leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, large, 30-60cm or more in length; leaflets are 8-14 or more pairs, long stalked, ovate or broadly lance shaped from very unequal base, 6-10cm long, 3-5cm wide, often curved, long pointed, hairy gland; edges are coarsely toothed. Flower clusters droop at leaf bases, shorter than leaves, much branched; flowers are many, mostly male and female on different trees, short stalked, greenish-yellow; calyx 5 lobed; 5 narrow petals spreading 6 mm across and slender styled. Fruit is 1-seeded samara, lance shaped, flat, pointed at ends, 5cm long, 1cm wide, copper red, strongly veined, twisted at the base. The flowers appear in large open clusters at the end of the cold season. The fruits ripen just before the onset of the monsoon. The seeds are very light and are dispersed far and wide by the wind. Sheep do not readily browse the plants because of the offensive smell in young leaves. Wood makes good firewood and is easily worked but is perishable and subject to insect attack. Of the many trees, one can be found in the Hospital.


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5 Albizia Lebbeck Siris, Lebbeck, Lebbek Tree, Frywood, Koko or Woman's-tongue tree is native to tropical southern Asia and widely cultivated and naturalised in other tropical and subtropical regions. It is one of the most widespread and common species of Albizia worldwide. It grows to a height of 18-30m tall with a trunk 50cm to 1m in diameter. The leaves are bipinnate, 7.5–15cm long, with one to four pairs of pinnae, each pinna with 6–18 leaflets. The flowers are white, with numerous 2.5–3.8cm long stamens, and very fragrant. The fruit is a pod 15-30cm long and 2.5-5.0cm broad, containing six to twelve seeds. Its uses include environmental management, forage, medicine and wood. In India, the tree is used to produce timber. Wood from Albizia lebbeck has a density of 0.55-0.66g/cm3 or higher. Lebbeck is used as an astringent, to treat boils, cough, to treat the eye, flu, gingivitis, lung problems and pectoral problems, is used as a tonic, and is used to treat abdominal tumors. This is also used as cart wheels. Albizia lebbeck is also psychoactive. This tree is found near Officers Club and at the Main Press entrance.


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6 Alstonia Scholaris Chatim, Ditta bark, Bitter bark, Devil tree or Pale mara is found in India and Philippines. This tree grows to 16 - 26m high, has a furrowed trunk, oblong stalked leaves up to 15cm long and 10cm wide, dispersed in four to six whorls round the stem, their upper side glossy, under side white and nerves running at right angles to the mid-rib. The bark is almost odourless and very bitter, in commerce it is found in irregular fragments 6 to 12mm thick, texture spongy, fracture coarse and short, outside layer rough uneven fissured brownish grey and sometimes blackish spots; inside layer bright buff, transverse section shows a number of small medullary rays in inner layer. It contains three alkaloids, Ditamine, Echitamine or Ditaine and Echitenines. Echitamine is the strongest base and resembles ammonia in chemical characters. The bark is used in homoeopathy for its tonic bitter and astringent properties; it is particularly useful for chronic diarrhoea and dysentry. In India the natives use the bark for bowel complaints. In SriLanka its light wood is used for coffins. In Borneo the wood close to the root is very light and of white colour and is used for net floats, household utensils, trenchers, corks, etc. One can find a beautiful avenue of Chatim trees between Cauveri Circle to Ganga Circle.


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7 Anacardium Occidentale Cashew is native to Brazil and its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is a small evergreen tree growing to 10-12m tall, with a short, often irregular trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4 to 22cm long and 2 to 15cm broad, with a smooth margin. What appears to be the fruit of the cashew tree is an oval or pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5–11cm long. It is edible, and has a strong ‘sweet’ smell and a sweet taste. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the pseudofruit. Actually, the drupe develops first on the tree, and then the peduncle expands into the pseudofruit. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Some people are allergic to cashew nuts, but cashews are a less frequent allergen than nuts or peanuts. Seeds are ground up into powders used for antivenom for snakebites. The nut oil is used topically as an antifungal and for healing cracked heels. Fully grown trees can be found in different locations and one just in between Central Nursery and Jagannath temple.


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8 Annona Squamosa Seethaphal, Sugar-apple or Sweetsop is native to the tropical Americas. It is a semi-evergreen shrub or small tree reaching 6–8m tall. The leaves are are alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate, 5–17cm long and 2–5cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters of 3-4, each flower 1.5–3cm across, with three large petals and three minute ones, yellow-green spotted purple at the base. The fruit is usually round; slightly pine cone-like, 6–10 cm diameter and weighing 100–230g, with a scaly or lumpy skin. There are variations in shape and size. The fruit flesh is sweet, white to light yellow and resembles and tastes like custard. The edible portion coats the seeds generously. Sugar-apple has a very distinct, sweet-smelling fragrance. The texture of the flesh that coats the seeds is a bit like the centre of a very ripe guava. It is slightly grainy, a bit slippery, very sweet and very soft. The seeds are scattered through the fruit flesh; the seed coats are blackish-brown, 12–18 mm long, hard and shiny. There are also new varieties being developed in Taiwan. It is quite a prolific bearer and will produce fruit in as little as two to three years. A tree five years old may produce as many as 50 sugar-apples. The seeds are also ground and applied to hair to get rid of lice, however, it must be kept away from the eyes as it is highly irritant and can cause blindness. Seethaphal is planted by township residents in their house gardens in good numbers.


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9 Araucaria Columnaries Christmas tree is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae. There are 19 species in the genus. This is a large tree with a massive erect stem, reaching a height of 30-80m. The horizontal, spreading branches grow in whorls and are covered with leathery or needle-like leaves. The trees are mostly dioecious, with male and female cones found on separate trees, though occasional individuals are monoecious or change sex with time. The female cones, usually high on the top of the tree are globose, and vary in size between species from 7-25cm diameter. They contain 80-200 large, edible seeds, similar to pine nuts though larger. The male cones are smaller, 4-10 cm long, and narrow to broad cylindrical, 1.5-5cm broad. This tree is cultivated because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit and is economically important for timber production and the edible seeds. There are a few trees in the campus and a good specimen is seen in Kendriya Vidyalaya.


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10 Artocarpus Heterophyllus The Jackfruit is believed to be indigenous to the rain forests of the Western Ghats of India. It spread early on to other parts of India, Southeast Asia, the East Indies and ultimately the Philippines. This tree is handsome and stately. The leaves are oblong, oval, or elliptic in form, 10 to 15cm in length, leathery, glossy, and deep green in color. Juvenile leaves are lobed. Male and female flowers are borne in separate flower-heads. Jackfruit is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world, reaching 36kg in weight and up to 90cm long and 50cm in diameter. The exterior of the compound fruit is green or yellow when ripe. The interior consists of large edible bulbs of yellow, banana-flavored flesh that encloses a smooth, oval, light-brown seed. The seed is 2 to 4cm long and 1 to 2cm thick and is white and crisp within. There are two main varieties. In one, the fruits have small, fibrous, soft, mushy, but very sweet carpels with a texture somewhat akin to raw oysters. The other variety is crisp and almost crunchy though not quite as sweet. This tree is found in many places. One can be found in between Shopping Complex and Kalakendra.


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11 Averrhoa Carambola Kamranga, Starfruit, Carambolera, Yang-tao or Belimbing manis is native to Indonesia, India and Sri Lanka and is popular throughout Southeast Asia, Trinidad, Malaysia and parts of East Asia. This is a small evergreen tree which grows to 6-9m. Its deciduous leaves, spirally arranged are alternate, imparipinnate, 15-20cm long, with 5 to 11 nearly opposite leaflets, ovate or ovate-oblong, 3.8-9cm long; soft, medium-green and smooth on the upper surface, finely hairy and whitish on the underside. The leaflets are sensitive to light and more or less inclined to fold together at night or when the tree is shaken or abruptly shocked. Small clusters of red-stalked, lilac, purple-streaked, downy flowers, about 6mm wide are borne on the twigs in the axils of the leaves. The showy, oblong, longitudinally 5 to 6 angled fruits, 6.35-15cm long and upto 9cm wide, have thin, waxy, orange-yellow skin and juicy, crisp, yellow flesh when fully ripe. Slices cut in cross-section have the form of a star. The fruit has a more or less pronounced oxalic acid odor and the flavor ranges from very sour to mildly sweetish. There may be up to 12 flat, thin, brown seeds 6-12.5mm long or none at all. They can be eaten raw, cooked, or pickled and are as juice. Individuals with kidney trouble should avoid consuming the fruit, because of the presence of oxalic acid. It can cause hiccups, vomiting, nausea, and mental confusion. This tree is found in the Central Nursery.


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12 Azadirachta Indica Neem, Margosa, Neeb, Nimtree, Nimba, Vepu, Vempu, Vepa, Bevu, Veppam or Indian-lilac is a native to Indian subcontinent. This is fast-growing, reaching 15-20m, rarely to 35-40m. It is evergreen but under severe drought it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The branches are wide spread. The fairly dense crown is roundish or oval and may reach the diameter of 15-20m in old, free-standing specimens. The trunk is relatively short, straight and may reach a diameter of 1.2 m. The root system consists of a strong taproot and well developed lateral roots. The alternate, pinnate leaves are 20-40cm long, with 20-31 medium to dark green leaflets about 3-8 cm long. The petioles are short. Very young leaves are reddish to purplish in colour. The flowers are arranged axillary. The fruit is a glabrous olive-like drupe which varies in shape from elongate oval to nearly roundish. The white, hard inner shell of the fruit encloses one, rarely two or three, elongated kernels having a brown seed coat. Around 50,000 neem trees have been planted near Mecca to provide shelter for the pilgrims. The neem is a tree noted for its drought resistance. In India, the tree is variously known as ‘Divine tree,’ ‘Heal all,’ ‘Nature's drugstore’ and ‘Village pharmacy’. Products made from neem are anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and sedative. This tree can be found all through the township and one is seen in front of Shopping Complex.


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13 Bauhinia Variegata Kachnar, Koliar, Padrian, Gurial, Gwiar, Kurai, Kandan, Rakta Kamhar, Segapu-manchori, Manthari, Mandari, Mountain Ebony or Orchid Tree has a rich and stimulating perfume, which fills the air of the surrounding area. The sight of this tree can make a person nearly breathless. There are many species of Bauhinia. All of them have two common points. They have a spray of colour on one or more of their petals and also they have a united and twin-kidney formation of the leaves. The tree grows to a height of around 9-10m. The bark of the tree is dark brown in colour and quite smooth. During the cold season, the leaves fall and at the same time the large, sweetly scented flowers appear. The flowers of the tree can be of various colours like magenta, light purple, pink or white. Amongst them, the first three colours have some reddish markings and the last colour contains a remarkable yellow splash on one or more of the petals. The pods are as much as 30cm in length and narrow. They also bear ten to fifteen seeds each. After the flowering season is over, in the month of May and June, the seeds develop. The leaves of the tree are normally 7.5-15cm in length and quite big in size. From the leaves of the tree, the wrappings of ‘Bidis’ can be made and the bark is used for tanning and coloring. Both light purple and white variety of this tree is found in front of Administration Building and quite a few trees elsewhere.


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14 Beaucarnea Recuvata Though called Nalina or Ponytail palm, it is not a true palm. It is often grown as a houseplant in temperate latitudes. Ponytail palm needs full sun to light shade, with a well drained soil mix. A soil mix consisting of 2 parts loam to 1 part peat moss to 2 parts sand has been used successfully. To this mix, small gravel may be added to ensure good drainage. In a container, plants are very slow growing and very drought tolerant. Plants can be watered every three weeks during the growing season and fertilized once during this period. During the winter months, the plants should be watered only enough to keep the foliage from wilting. Over-watering is the single most frequent cause of failure when growing Beaucarnea. If the ‘crown’ of the plant is broken, new growth will appear in about a month. There are a few plants available and two are found as indoor plants at the entrance of the Administration building.


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15 Bombax Ceiba It is known as Silk cotton, Cotton tree Indian kapok or Semal. The tropical tree is with straight tall trunk and its leaves are deciduous in winter. Red flowers with 5 petals are born in the spring before green leaves. It produces capsule which, when ripened, contain white fibres like cotton. Its trunk bears spikes to deter attacks by animals. Although its trunk looks good for timber, its wood is too soft for use. The tree might be from India but widely planted in Malay, Indonesia, south China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. According to Chinese historical record, the king of Nam Yuet, Chiu To, contributed a tree to the Emperor of Han dynasty in 2nd Century BC. Its flower was a common ingredient in Chinese herb tea. In Guangdong, the tree is known as muk min- wood cotton or hung min- red cotton. It is also known as Ying Hung Shue- hero tree, for its straight and tall trunk. The tree flower is the flower emblem of Guangzhou and Kaohsiung. The Sanskrit name for this tree is Salmali. In the Rigveda, the chariot is made of Salmali (RV 10.85.20) and other woods. Folk knowledge in Hong Kong states that soon after the tree blooms, the weather will get hotter. This is sparsely found in Note Mudran Nagar. One can be seen at the corner outside the Plant Hospital at Ganga Circle and at the corner of Central Nursery near the Main Press entrance.


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16 Borassus Flabellifer Palmyra Palm is a genus of six species of fan palms, native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia and New Guinea. They are tall palms, capable of growing up to 30m high. The leaves are long, fan-shaped, 2 to 3m in length. The flowers are small, in densely clustered spikes, followed by large, brown, roundish fruits. The palmyra palm has long been one of the most important trees of Cambodia and India, where it is used over 800 different ways. The leaves are used for thatching, mats, baskets, fans, hats, umbrellas, and as writing material. This is a symbol of Cambodia and grows around Angkor Wat. This can live 100 years. The leaves are then tied up as sheaves. The black timber is hard, heavy, and durable and is highly valued for construction. A sugary sap, called Toddy is obtained from the young inflorescence either male or female ones. Toddy is fermented to make a beverage called arrack, or it is concentrated to a crude sugar called jaggery. It is called Gula Jawa -Javanese sugar in Indonesia. This tree has a high respect in Tamil Culture. It is called ‘karpaha’ or celestial tree. This is the official tree of Tamilnadu. The riped fibrous outer layer of the palm fruits are also boiled or roasted in fire and eaten. When the fruit is tender the kernel inside the hard shell called Nungu fruit in Tamil is like a jelly and very delicious as well. This tree is found near Ganga Circle adjacent to Hospital and a few more are found elsewhere.


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17 Butea Monosperma Kinshuk, Palash, Dhak, Kesudo or Parrot tree is native to Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. It is an erect, medium sized dry season-deciduous tree of 12-15m high, with a crooked trunk and irregular branches. The shoots are clothed with gray or brown silky pubescence. The bark is ash coloured. The leaves 3 foliate, large and stipulate. Petiole is 10-15cm long. Leaflets are obtuse, glabrous above, finely silky and conspicuously reticulately veined beneath with cunnate or deltoid base. From January to March the plant is bald. Flowers in rigid racemes of 15cm long, densely brown velvety on bare branches. Calyx is dark, olive green to brown in colour and densely velvety outside. The corolla is long with silky silvery hairs outside and bright orange red. Stamens are diadelphes and anthers uniform. The seeds are flat, reniform, curved. The bright colour of the flower is attributed to the presence of chakones and aurones. It is a sacred tree, referred to as a treasurer of the gods, and used in sacrifice related rituals. From its wood, sacred utensils are made. The flowers are offered as in place of blood in sacrifice rituals to goddess Kali. Few trees are found near C111 and C140.


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18 Callistemon Viminalis This is also called as weeping bottlebrush. This is endemic to Australia and New Caledonia. They are commonly referred to as bottlebrushes because of their cylindrical, brush like flowers resembling a traditional bottle brush. They are found in the more temperate regions of Australia, mostly along the east coast and south-west, and typically favour moist conditions so when planted in gardens thrive on regular watering. Callistemons can be propagated either by cuttings or from the rounded seeds. Flowering is normally in spring and early summer, but conditions may cause flowering at other times of the year. Flower heads vary in colour with species; most are red, but some are yellow, green, orange or white. Each flower head produces a profusion of triple-celled seed capsules around a stem which remain on the plant with the seeds enclosed until stimulated to open when the plant dies or fire causes the release of the seeds. They are relatively slow growing and can grow up to 15m. Some are ground-hugging, and grow to only 0.5m. The leaves are linear to lanceolate and are not shed in the winter. The spiked ends can cause skin scratches when brushed past. This is found in the periphery of the Guest House.


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19 Cassia Fistula The Golden Shower, Charakonnai or Bendra lathi tree is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae is native to southern Asia. It grows to 10-20m tall with fast growth. The leaves are deciduous or semi-evergreen, 15-60cm long, pinnate with 3-8 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet 7-21cm long and 4-9cm broad. The flowers are produced in pendulous racemes 20-40cm long, each flower 4-7cm diameter with five yellow petals of equal size and shape. The fruit is a legume is 30-60cm long and 1.5-2.5cm broad, with a pungent odour and containing several seeds. The seeds are poisonous. This is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas. It blooms in late spring; flowering is profuse, with trees being covered with yellow flora, with almost no leaf being seen. In Ayurvedic medicine, Golden Shower is known as aragvadha -disease killer. Its fruit-pulp is used as mild laxative, against fevers, arthritis, vatavyadhi, all kinds of rakta-pitta, as well as cardiac conditions and stomach problems such as acid reflux. The root is considered a very strong purgative. The golden shower is the national flower of Thailand and the state flower of Kerala in India. The flowers are of ritual importance in the Vishu festival of Kerala state of India and the tree was depicted on a 20 rupees stamp. It is found in areas around Shopping Complex.


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20 Casuarina Equisetifolia Casuarina is a species of Casuarina, native to Australasia, southeastern Asia and islands of the western Pacific Ocean from Burma and Vietnam east to French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. It is also found in West Africa, where it is known as the Filao tree and is planted to prevent erosion in sandy soils. It is possibly native to Madagascar. It is an evergreen tree growing to 6–35m tall. The foliage consists of slender, much-branched green to grey-green twigs 0.5–1mm diameter, bearing minute scale-leaves in whorls of 6–8. The flowers are produced in small catkin-like inflorescences; the male flowers in simple spikes 0.7–4cm long, the female flowers on short peduncles. Unlike most other species of Casuarina, which are dioecious, it is monoecious, with male and female flowers produced on the same tree. The fruit is an oval woody structure 10–24mm long and 9–13mm diameter, superficially resembling a conifer cone made up of numerous carpels each containing a single seed with a small wing 6–8 mm long. It is found on the road coming from Kalakendra adjacent to Central Nursery and a large group is planted in 2007 at the left side of the road from Gate 2.


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21 Cinnamomum Tamala Nees & Eberm Tejpata, Tejpat, Tejapatta, Tejpatta, Tamalpatra, Malabathrum or Malabar leaf a medium sized evergreen tree about 8m tall. This is found in sub-tropical Himalaya, Khasi and Jaintia hills. Leaves are simple, short stalked, leathery, ovate-lanceolate, long pointed 10-15cm long with 3 conspicuous nearly parallel veins arising from near the base, bright pink when young in spring and aromatic when crushed. Flowers pale yellow, in terminal and axillary-branched clusters. Fruit is 1.25cm long peduncle and ovoid and black coloured when ripe in 5.15cm long panicles. In ancient Greece and Rome, the leaves were used to prepare fragrant oil, called Oleum Malabathri. The leaves are one of the major exports of the Tamil kingdoms of southern India. The leaves are used extensively in the cuisines of India, Nepal and Bhutan, particularly in the Moghul cuisine of North India and Nepal and in Tsheringma herbal tea in Bhutan. They are usually olive green in color, may have some brownish spots and have three veins down the length of the leaf. Tejpat leaves impart a strong cassia or cinnamon-like aroma to dishes. Indian grocery stores usually carry these leaves. This tree is found in E1 and GM’s Bungalow.


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22 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Cinnamon, Dalchini, Taj, Dalseni, Kurundu, Elavarngam, Karuva, Karuvappatta, Elavarngappatta or Tvak is a small evergreen tree 10–15m tall. It is a native to Sri Lanka and cultivated in India, Bangladesh, Java, Sumatra, the West Indies and Brazil. The leaves are ovate-oblong in shape and 7–18cm long. The flowers, which are arranged in panicles, have a greenish colour and have a distinct odour. The fruit is a purple 1cm berry containing a single seed. Its flavour is due to an aromatic essential oil that makes up 0.5% to 1% of its composition. This oil is prepared by roughly pounding the bark, macerating it in seawater and then quickly distilling the whole. The pungent taste and scent come from cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde and by the absorption of oxygen. Cinnamon is harvested by growing the tree for two years and then coppicing it. The next year, about a dozen shoots will form from the roots. These shoots are then stripped of their bark, which is left to dry. Only the thin inner bark is used; the outer woody portion is removed, leaving 1 m long cinnamon strips that curl into ‘quills’ on drying; each dried quill comprises strips from numerous shoots packed. The dried bark of cinnamon is an important part of spicy curries due to its distinct odour. It is impossible to eat a tablespoon of powdered cinnamon without choking or vomiting. A cinnamon tree is found in the Central Nursery.


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23 Citrus Aurantiifolia Lemon is a shrubby tree of about 5m, with many thorns. Dwarf varieties are popular with home growers. The trunk rarely grows straight, with many branches that often originate quite far down on the trunk. The leaves are ovate 2.5–9cm long, resembling orange leaves. The flowers are 2.5cm in diameter, yellowish white with a light purple tinge on the margins. Flowers and fruit appear throughout the year but are most abundant from May to September. This is native to Southeast Asia. Its apparent path of introduction was through the Middle East to North Africa, thence to Sicily and Andalusia and via Spanish explorers to the West Indies. From the Caribbean, lime cultivation spread to tropical and sub-tropical North America. The lemon is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world. The fruit is used primarily for its juice, though the pulp and rind are also used, primarily in cooking and baking. Lemon juice is about 5% citric acid, which gives lemons a tart taste, and a pH of 2 to 3. This makes lemon juice an inexpensive, readily available acid for use in educational science experiments. This tree can be found all through the Note Mudran Nagar. A number of specimens can be found on the south western side of the Plant compound.


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24 Citrus Aurantium Mitha nimbu, Bigarade, Bitter orange, Oranger à fruit amer, Seville orange, Sour orange or Narangi is a spiny evergreen tree native to southern Vietnam, but widely cultivated. Both common and official names are derived from the Sanskrit nagaranga through the Arabic naranj. Seville orange or bigarade is a widely-known and is now grown throughout the Mediterranean region. It is a small tree with a smooth, greyishbrown bark and branches that spread into a fairly regular hemisphere. The oval, alternate, evergreen leaves, 8-10cm long, have sometimes a spine in the axil. They are glossy, dark green on the upper side, paler beneath. The calyx is cup-shaped and the thick, fleshy petals, five in number, are intensely white and curl back. The fruit is earth-shaped, a little rougher and darker than the common sweet orange. The flowers are more strongly scented and the glands in the rind are concave instead of convex. It is used as grafting stock for citrus trees, in marmalade and in the liqueurs Triple sec, Grand Marnier and Curaçao. It is also cultivated for the essential oil expressed from the fruit and for neroli oil and orange flower water, which are distilled from the flowers. Many number of this tree is available and one good specimen is found along the rail track in a short distance from the Plant compound.


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25 Citrus Maxima This largest citrus fruit is known as Vathapi, Pomelo, Chinese grapefruit, Pummelo, Pommelo, Lusho fruit, Jabong, Boongon, Shaddock, Limau bali, Balinese citrus, Suhabaungon, Bhogatae or Citrus grandis which, is a citrus fruit, usually a pale green to yellow when ripe, larger than a grapefruit, with sweet flesh and thick spongy rind. The pummelo tree may be 5-15m tall, with a somewhat crooked trunk 10-30cm thick. The leaves are alternate, ovate, ovate-oblong or elliptic, 5-20cm long, 2-12cm wide, leathery, dull-green, glossy above, dull and minutely hairy beneath. The flowers are fragrant, borne singly or in clusters of 2 to 10 in the leaf axils; rachis and calyx hairy; the 4 to 5 petals, yellowish-white and 1.5-3.5cm long. The fruit ranges from nearly round to oblate or pear-shaped; 10-30cm wide; the peel, clinging or more or less easily removed, may be greenish-yellow or pale-yellow, minutely hairy, dotted with tiny green glands; 1.25-2cm thick; pulp varies from greenish-yellow or pale-yellow to pink or red; is divided into 11 to 18 segments, very juicy to fairly dry; the segments are easily skinned and the sacs may adhere to each other or be loosely joined; the flavor varies from mildly sweet and bland to subacid or rather acid, sometimes with a faint touch of bitterness. It is widely cultivated in East Asia, South Asia and West Indies. It is also grown commercially in California and Israel. This tree is found in the Central Nursery.


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26 Citrus Sinensis Oranges originated in Southeast Asia. The name is thought to ultimately derive from the Dravidian word for the orange tree, with its final form developing after passing through numerous intermediate languages. An orange is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately, of ovate shape with crenulate margins and 4–10cm long. The orange fruit is a hesperidium which is a type of berry because they have many seeds, are fleshy and soft, and derive from a single ovary. An orange seed is called a pip. The white thread-like material, attached to the inside of the peel is called pith. The fruit of Citrus sinensis is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. Persian orange, Navel orange, Valencia orange and Blood orange are some of the major varieties of orange. These are grown commercially in groves and are produced throughout the world. The top three orange-producing countries are Brazil, the United States, and Mexico. Products made from oranges include: Orange juice, Sweet orange oil, Orange blossom honey and Marmalade. One can find a few orange trees in the Central Nursery.


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27 Cocos Nucifera The coconut palm is a large palm, growing to 30m tall, with pinnate leaves 4-6m long, pinnae 60-90cm long; old leaves break away cleanly leaving the trunk smooth. This is grown throughout the tropical world, for its many culinary and non-culinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm has some human uses. The flowers of the coconut palm are polygamomonoecious, with both male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Flowering occurs continuously, with female flowers producing seeds. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although some dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. The husk or mesocarp, is composed of fibres called coir and there is an inner stone or endocarp. The endocarp is the hardest part. This hard endocarp, the outside of the coconut as sold in the shops of non-tropical countries, has three germination pores that are clearly visible on the outside surface once the husk is removed. It is through one of these that the radicle emerges when the embryo germinates. The coconut palm thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. Indonesia is the world leader in coconut production followed closely by Philippines and India. Kerala means ‘land of coconut palms’. Coconut meat contains less sugar and more protein than popular bananas, apples and is relatively high in minerals. One good specimen is found in front of CISF Barrack.


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28 Cycus Revoluta Cycas or Cycad is an attractive plant native to southern Japan is known as King sago palm or Sago palm. It is not a palm at all, but a cycad. This very symmetrical plant supports a crown of shiny, dark green leaves on a thick shaggy trunk that is typically about 20cm in diameter. It can grow into very old with 6–7m of trunk; since this is very slow-growing it requires about 50–100 years to achieve this height. Trunks can branch multiple times, thus producing multiple heads of leaves. The leaves are about 50–150cm long when the plants are of a reproductive age. They grow out into a feather-like rosette to 1 m in diameter. The crowded, stiff, narrow leaflets are 8–18cm long and have strongly recurved or revolute edges. The petiole or stems are 6–10cm long and have small protective barbs that must be avoided. Propagation of Cycas revoluta is either by seed or by removal of basal offsets. As with other cycads, it is dioecious, with the males bearing cones and the females bearing groups of megasporophylls. It is also quite popular as a bonsai plant. Cycad Sago Palm is extremely poisonous to both humans and animals if ingested. Pets are at particular risk since they seem to find the plant very palatable. All parts of the plant are toxic; however, the seeds contain the highest level of the toxin cycasin. Of the few plants found six are located in front of Administration building.


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29 Dalbergia Sissoo India rosewood, Sisu or Shisham is native to the tropical regions of Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia. Many species of Dalbergia are important timber trees, valued for their decorative and often fragrant wood, rich in aromatic oils. The most famous of these are the rosewoods, so-named because of the smell. The Indian souvenir trade sells objects made of Dalbergia sissoo, sometimes stained purple as if they were rosewood. The wood of some species can be used for tool-handles. This is an intensely black wood in demand for making woodwind musical instruments. The Dalbergia species are notorious for causing allergic reactions due the presence of sensitizing quinones in the wood. This is found near the Jogging track.


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30 Delonix Regia Gulmohar, Peacock flower, Flame of the forest, Malinche, Flame tree, Krishnachura, Royal poinciana or Flamboyant is a flowering tree known as and noted for its fern-like leaves and flamboyant display of flowers. It is very widely grown in the Caribbean, Hong Kong, Taiwan and southern China. It is often grown as an ornamental tree. The tree's vivid red or vermilion or orange or yellow flowers and bright green foliage make it an exceptionally striking sight. In addition to its ornamental value, it is also a useful shade tree in tropical conditions, because it usually grows to a modest height but spreads widely, and its dense foliage provides full shade. In areas with a marked dry season, it sheds its leaves during the drought, but in other areas it is virtually evergreen. The flowers are large; with four spreading scarlet or orange-red petals up to 8cm long and a fifth upright petal called the standard, and spotted with yellow and white. Seed pods are dark brown and can be up to 60cm long and 5cm wide; the individual seeds, however, are small, weighing around 0.4g on average. The compound leaves are doubly pinnate: Each leaf is 30-50cm long and has 20 to 40 pairs of primary leaflets or pinnae on it, and each of these is further divided into 10-20 pairs of secondary leaflets or pinnules. The seed pods of the Royal Poincianas are used in the Caribbean as a percussion instrument known as the shak-shak or maraca. It is widely seen in Township.


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31 Dillenia Indica Chalta or Kanigala is a beautifully formed tree with fragrant flowers, striking globose fruit and equally striking leaves. Chalta is indigenous to India and named after Johann Jacob Dillenius a German botanist and Professor of Botany at Oxford. The tree is found in the sub-Himalayan tracts extending from Nepal through most of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bangladesh and Myanmar and in Peninsular India through Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh to Bihar and Madhya Pradesh particularly on the banks of streams. The trunk is fluted; the bark and wood of the trees are terracotta reddish brown and the flowers magnolia like and up to 13cm across. The fruits are heavy and edible. The sepals, which have a sour apple taste, are used for the preparation of chutneys, pickles and prawn curry in Bengal. Elephants love the fruit and ensure propagation of the plant at distances from where the fruit was eaten. As the tree grows on the banks of streams, the fruit is carried away by flowing water and the seeds sprout downstream. The new leaves, serrated and ridged are a tender luminous green. The leaves of chalta have been used by ivory workers in Karnataka for polishing ivory. This is tree is found near Sewage Treatment Plant.


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32 Diospyros Melanoxylon Tendu, Coromandel Ebony or Makassar Ebony is commonly known as ebony. Makassar is give n name to this famous species. The natural area of distribution are some Indonesian islands and the island Sulawesi. The tree grows up to 20m height under favourable circumstances, although such trees are rarely seen nowadays. As this exceptionally beautiful species of the Ebonies has been much appreciated by woodworkers all over the world through the past two centuries, most of it has been felled and used in high quality furniture and it has now become a very scarce and expensive timber. The wood is often defective, showing cracks and in particular heart shakes and splits. It is not easy to dry and is best given ample time for this. The small available amounts on the market have led to very high prices. Makassar ebony nowadays belongs to the highest priced timbers on the world; the region of growth is quite restricted. Coromandel ebony wood is variegated, streaky brown and black, nearly always wide striped. It is considered a highly valuable wood for turnery, fine cabinet work and joinery and is much sought for posts- tokobashira in traditional Japanese houses. That is why Japan used to be the main importer for this wood. Tendu leaves are used as beedi roles and eating plates. It is found in the plantation behind GM’s Bungalow.


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33 Dypsis Lutescens Areca palm, Golden cane palm, Madagascar palm or Areca lutescens is native to Madagascar where, sadly, it is endangered and very rare. It is a very common sight in the tropics and sub-tropics and is the most popular 'house plant' palm. It satisfies both utility and aesthetics. This can grow up to 6m tall, although it is usually smaller. Six to eight leaves on long petioles arise from the main trunk and gracefully arch outward and downward. Each leaf has about 80-100 leaflets which are arranged on the leaf stem. The common name derives from the beautiful golden yellow color of the petioles. The yellow flowers are borne in branches about 1m long that emerge from the tops of the stems. The fruits are about 2.5cm in diameter and are yellow to purple. This is a very adaptable palm either indoors or out. This can be propagated from seeds which take 2-6 months to germinate. Offshoots cut from the base of the palm can be used to start new plants. It is primarily is used as a shrub, hedge or screen in subtropical or tropical landscapes. There are a number of them found in the Township and good specimens are seen in the Guest House, Mecon Office and Shopping Complex.


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34 Emblica Officinalis Indian gooseberry, Amla, Amalaki, Nelli, Nellikka, Usirikai, Nellikkaai, Aonla, Aola, Dharty, Aamvala, Aawallaa, Emblic, Emblic myrobalan, Malacca tree, Nillika or Nellikya is one of the most celebrated herbs. The tree is small to medium sized, reaching 8 to 18m in height, with crooked trunk and spreading branches. The branchlets are glabrous or finely pubescent, 10-20cm long, usually deciduous; the leaves simple, subsessile and closely set along branchlets, light green, resembling pinnate leaves. The flowers are greenish-yellow. The fruit is nearly spherical, light greenish yellow, quite smooth and hard on appearance, with 6 vertical stripes or furrows. This fruit ripens in autumn and the taste is sour, bitter and astringent, and is quite fibrous. Fruits are reputed to contain high amounts of ascorbic acid - vitamin C; 445mg per 100g. The fruit also contains flavonoids, kaempferol, ellagic acid and gallic acid. In folk medicine, dried and fresh fruits of the plant are used. All parts of the plant are used in various Ayurvedic preparations, including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers. This is the primary ingredient in herbal medicine called ‘Chyawanprash’, which contains 43 herbal ingredients, was first mentioned in the Charaka Samhita. Popularly used in inks, shampoos and hair oils. Township hosts many numbers of this tree and a few can be found in the Hospital compound.


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35 Eucalyptus Treiticornis Potash or Eucalyptus -‘well covered’ in Greek, is a diverse genus of trees and a few shrubs, the members of which dominate the tree flora of Australia. There are more than seven hundred species of Eucalyptus, mostly native to Australia, with a very small number found in adjacent parts of New Guinea and Indonesia and one as far north as the Philippines islands. Many Eucalyptus trees have been planted in various parts of the world including dry regions of California and in Africa, Portugal, Spain, South America, and on forestry plantations in India and China. Members of the genus can be found in almost every region of the Australian continent, because they have adapted to all of its climatic conditions; in fact no other continent is so characterised by a single genus of tree as Australia is by its eucalyptus. Many, but far from all, are known as gum trees in reference to the habit of many species to exude copious sap from any break in the bark. It is found in so many locations inside and outside Township.


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36 Ficus Beghalensis Bengal fig, Indian fig, East Indian fig, Banyan, Wad, Vat, Barh, Bargad, Ashwath Vriksha, Kalpavriksha, or Vatavriksh is found in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. The banyan tree is named after 'banyans' or 'banians'- the Hindu traders seen resting or carrying out their business under the tree. This is a fig that starts its life as an epiphyte when its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree. The seeds of banyans are dispersed by fruit-eating birds. The seeds germinate and send down roots towards the ground and may envelope part of the host tree or building structure with their roots, giving them the casual name of ‘strangler fig’. Older banyan trees are characterized by their aerial prop roots which grow into thick woody trunks which, with age, can become indistinguishable from the main trunk. It grows to a height of more than 21m and lives for many years. The leaves are 10-20cm long broad, oval and glossy. White milky fluid oozes out of leaves, if broken. In Hindu mythology this tree represents eternal life. The Great Banyan in the Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, is considered to be one of the largest trees in the world in terms of area covered. This is the National tree of India. The banyan is part of the coat of arms of Indonesia to symbolise the unity. Shellac used in French polish is produced by lac insects which parasitise banyan trees. In Township one specimen can be found on the road between Kalakendra and Pump House.


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37 Ficus Elastica Rubber fig, Rubber bush, Rubber plant or Indian rubber bush is plant native to northeast India -Assam, south to Indonesia - Sumatra and Java. It is a fat bush in the banyan group of figs, growing to 30-40m tall, with a stout trunk up to 2m diameter, with an irregular trunk which develops aerial and buttressing roots to anchor it in the soil and help support heavy branches. It has broad shiny oval leaves 10-35cm long and 5-15cm broad. Inside the new leaf, another immature leaf is waiting to develop. As with other members of the genus Ficus, the flowers require a particular species of fig wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved relationship. Because of this relationship, the rubber plant does not produce highly colourful or fragrant flowers to attract other pollinators. The fruit is a small yellow-green oval fig 1cm long. This is grown around the world as an ornamental plant. When cut the wound, which oozes with the plant's latex sap, is packed with rooting hormone and wrapped tightly with moist sphagnum moss. The whole structure is wrapped in plastic and left for a few months. When it is unwrapped, new roots would have developed from the plant's auxiliary buds. The stem is severed and the new plant is potted on its own. It is found in front of the Canteen building and at the CISF Barrack.


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38 Ficus Religiosa The Sacred Fig, Pipal, Peepal, Peepul, Pippala, Pimpal, Pou, Ashvastha, Plaksa, Bawdi, Bodhi or Bo tree is a species of banyan fig native to Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, China and Vietnam. It is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30m tall and with a trunk diameter of upto 3m. The leaves are cordate in shape with a distinctive extended tip; they are 10-17cm long and 8-12cm broad, with a 6-10cm petiole. The fruit is a small fig 1-1.5cm diameter, green ripening purple. This plant is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism and hence the name 'Sacred Fig' was given to it. Siddhartha Gautama is referred to have been sitting underneath a Bo-tree when he was enlightened- Bodhi, or awakened- Buddha. Thus, the Bo-tree is well-known symbol for happiness, prosperity, longevity and good luck. In India, Hindu sadhus still meditate below this tree, and in Theravada Buddhist Southeast Asia, the tree's massive trunk is often the site of Buddhist and animist shrines. There are a number of pipul trees in Note Mudran Nagar and one can be found at the in the Guest House corner of Cauvery Circle .


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39 Gliricidia Sepium Gliricidia, Mother of cocoa, Quick stick, Gobbarada mara, Mata raton, Cacao de nance or Cacahnanance is a medium-sized tree and can grow to from 10 to 12m high. The bark is smooth and its color can range from a whitish gray to deep red-brown. It has composite leaves that can be 30cm long. Each leaf is composed of leaflets that are about 2 to 7cm long and 1 to 3cm wide. The flowers are located on the end of branches that has no leaves. These flowers have a bright pink to lilac color that is tinged with white. A pale yellow spot is usually at the flower's base. The tree's fruit is a pod, which is about 10 to 15cm in length. It is green when unripe and becomes yellow-brown when it reaches maturity. The pod produces 4 to 10 round brown seeds. The tree grows well in acidic soils with a pH of 4.5-6.2. The tree is used in many tropical and sub-tropical countries for various purposes such as live fencing, fodder, coffee shade, firewood, green manure and rat poison. This is also used for its medicinal and insect repellent properties. This is a fast growing pioneer species that takes advantage of the slash and burn practice in its native range. This forms the avenue from Gate 1 to Church Square.


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40 Gmelina Arborea Gamhar is a fast growing deciduous tree, occurring naturally throughout West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. It is planted extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Malaysia. This attains moderate to large height up to 30m with girth of 1.2 to 4.5m with a clear bole of 9-15m. The bark is light grey coloured, exfoliating in light coloured patches when old, blaze thick, a chlorophyll layer just under the outer bark, pale yellow white inside. Wood is soft to moderately hard, light to moderately heavy, lustrous when fresh, usually straight to irregular or rarely wavy grained and medium course textured. Flowering takes place during February to April when the tree is more or less leafless whereas fruiting starts from May onwards upto June. Once seasoned, it is a very steady timber and is moderately resistant to decay and termites. It is used in constructions, furniture, carriages, sports and musical instruments, artificial limbs, door and window panels, joinery and furniture especially for drawers, wardrobes, cupboards, musical instruments, oars, picture and slate frames, turnery articles and various types of brush backs, brush handles, toys, handles of chisels, files, saws, screw drivers, sickles etc., drawing boards, plane tables, instrument boxes, thermometer scales, artificial limbs and bobbins. It is an approved timber for handles of tennis rackets. Hundreds of this Gamhar tree is found in Township and few can be seen behind Administration building.


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41 Grevillea Robusta Silk or Silky-oak or Australian Silver-oak, is the largest species in the genus Grevillea. It is not really a true Oak in that it is not a member of the quercus genus. It is a native of eastern coastal Australia. It is a fast growing evergreen tree, between 18-35m tall with dark green delicately dented bipinnatifid leaves reminiscent of a fern frond. These leaves are generally 15-30cm long with greyish white or rusty undersides. Its flowers are golden-orange bottlebrush-like blooms, 8-15cm long, in the spring on a 2-3cm long stem. The seeds mature in late winter to early spring, fruiting on dark brown leathery dehiscent follicles, about 2cm long, with one or two flat, winged seeds. Grevillea robusta is used in musical instrument making, as a top for the acoustic Stompbox and guitar inlays by Ellis Guitars. Before the advent of aluminium, the timber from this tree was widely used for external window joinery as it is resistant to rotting. It was also popular for making furniture. It is the best tree which can be used for the fencing. It is one of the fastest growing trees. It needs occasional water but is otherwise fairly drought-resistant. This tree can be seen around the fence of the park located diagonally opposite Kendriya Vidyalaya.


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42 Jacaranda Mimosifolia The Blue Jacaranda, Black Poui or Fern tree more often known simply as the Jacaranda, is a sub-tropical tree native to South America that has been widely planted elsewhere because of its beautiful and long-lasting blue flowers. This has been cultivated in almost every part of the world where there is no risk of frost. It grows well also in the Mediterranean coast of Spain, in southern Portugal-Lisbon and southern Italy-Naples. The tree grows to a height of 5-15m. Its bark is thin and grey-brown in colour. The twigs are slender and slightly zigzag; they are a light reddish-brown in colour. The flowers are up to 5cm long and are grouped in 30cm panicles. They appear in spring and early summer and last for up to two months. They are followed by woody seed pods, about 5cm in diameter, which contain numerous winged seeds. These are up to 45cm long and compound, with leaflets little more than 1cm long. Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa is popularly and poetically known as Jacaranda City or Jakarandastad in Afrikaans because of the huge number of the trees which turn the city blue when they flower in the spring. The name Jakarandastad is frequently used in Afrikaans songs, such Staan Op by Kurt Darren. This tree can be seen behind the Administrative building and on the eastern patch of land outside the Central Nursery.


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43 Lagerstroemia Speciosa Giant crape-myrtle, Queen's crape-myrtle, Jarul or Banabá plant is a species of Lagerstroemia native to tropical southern Asia. It is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 20m tall, with smooth, flaky bark. The leaves are deciduous, oval to elliptic, 8-15cm long and 3-7cm broad, with an acute apex. The flowers are produced in erect panicles 20-40cm long, each flower with six white to purple petals 2-3.5cm long. This tropical flowering tree is one of the most outstanding summer bloomers. It is called Queen Crape Myrtle because it is dominating with grand size and larger, crinkled flowers. The name Crape myrtle is given to these tree/shrubs because of the flowers, which look as if made from delicate crape paper. This is a large tree growing up to 17m but it can be kept smaller by trimming. It stands on an attractive, spotted bark that often peels. This bark is commercially used and is a valuable timber. The large leaves are also appealing as they turn red right before they drop in the winter. It has grown in many places in Township.


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44 Lawsonia Inermis Henna, Mehndi, Marudhaani, Gorintaaku or Hina is a flowering plant, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, and northern Australasia in semi-arid zones and cultivated in India, Pakistan, Morocco, Yemen, Iran, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan and Libya. Henna is a tall shrub or small tree, 2–6m high. It is glabrous, multi-branched with spine tipped branchlets. Leaves are opposite, entire, glabrous, sub-sessile, elliptical, and broadly lanceolate (1.5–5.0cm x 0.5–2cm), acuminate, having depressed veins on the dorsal surface. During the onset of precipitation intervals, the plant grows rapidly; putting out new shoots, then growth slows. The leaves gradually yellow and fall during prolonged dry or cool intervals. Henna flowers have four sepals and a 2mm calyx tube with 3mm spread lobes. Petals are obvate, white or red stamens inserted in pairs on the rim of the calyx tube. Ovary is four celled, style up to 5mm long and erect. Fruits are small, brownish capsules, 4–8mm in diameter, with 32–49 seeds per fruit, and open irregularly into four splits. Lawsone content in leaves is negatively associated with the number of seeds in the fruits. Lawsone produces a red-orange dye molecule, lawsone. This molecule has an affinity for bonding with protein, and thus has been used to dye skin, hair, fingernails, leather, silk and wool. This is found in many households in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni.


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45 Leucaena Leucocephala Subabul, Guage, Wild tamarind, Lead tree, Lamtoro, Ipil ipil, Jumby bean, False koa, Koa haole, Tangantangan, Tangan tangan, Talantayan, Talntangan, Ganitnityuwan tangantan, Tuhngantuhngan, Rohbohtin, Telentund, Lopa samoa, Fua pepe, Lusina, Pepe, Nito, Siale mohemohe, Vaivai, Cassis, Te kaitetua or Kay keo dâu is native to Mexico and is widely distributed and naturalised throughout the tropics. This tree grows upto 18m tall, forked when shrubby and branching strongly after coppicing, with greyish bark and prominent lenticels. Leaves are bipinnate with 4-9 pairs of pinnae, variable in length up to 35cm, with a large gland at the base of the petiole and leaflets 11-22 pairs/pinna, 8-16mm x 1-2mm, acute. Flowers are numerous, in globose heads with a diameter of 2- cm, stamens -10 per flower and pistil 10mm long, anthers pilose and dehiscing at dawn. Pods is 14-26cm long and 1.5-2cm wide, pendant and turn brown at maturity. Seeds are 18-22 per pod, 6-10mm long and brown in colour. This tree is highly valued as ruminant forage and as a fuelwood by subsistence and semi-commercial farmers throughout parts of Asia, Asia, Australia and Africa. This is planted in hedgerow systems with grass for cattle production. Grown in dense rows as a living fence and used to support vine crops such as pepper and passionfruit. Mature plants are tolerant of fire, regrowing readily from burnt stumps. Subabul is spread and grow all through Note Mudran Nagar as weed.


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46 Litchi Chinensis The Lychee, also spelled Litchi or Laichi, Lichu and Hanyu Pinyin is a tropical fruit tree native to southern China found in Madagascar, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, southern Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Southern Africa. It is a medium sized evergreen tree, reaching 15–20m tall, with alternate pinnate leaves, each leaf 15–25cm long, with 2-8 lateral leaflets 5–10cm long; the terminal leaflet is absent. The newly emerging young leaves are a bright coppery red at first, before turning green as they expand to full size. The flowers are small, greenish-white or yellowish-white, produced in panicles up to 30cm long. The fruit is a drupe, 3–4cm long and 3cm in diameter. The outside is covered by a pink-red, roughly textured rind that is inedible but easily removed. The inside consists of a layer of sweet, translucent white flesh, rich in vitamin C, with a texture somewhat similar to that of a grape. The centre contains a single glossy brown nut-like seed, 2cm long and 1–1.5cm in diameter. The seed is not poisonous but should not be eaten. The fruit matures from July to October, about 100 days after flowering. It was the favourite fruit of Emperor Li Longji (Xuanzong)'s favoured concubine Yang Yuhuan (Yang Guifei) of Tang Dynasty. According to folklore, a lychee tree that is not producing much fruit can be girdled, leading to more fruit production. A few Lychee trees are found in the Central Nursery.


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47 Livistona Chinensis Chinese fan palm or Chinese fountain palm is native Japan, Taiwan and islands in the South China Sea and used in both outdoor landscapes and interiorscapes - especially in shopping malls. The large light green leaves are deeply divided into about 75 segments that droop downward to give a gracefully fountain-like aspect. These leaves may grow up to 150cm diameter and form a dense canopy on a solitary brown trunk, bleaching to gray on older specimens. Trunks grow to about 45cm diameter and are wider at the base. This palm slowly grows to a height of 9m. This can grow to 15m in its native habitat but is more commonly seen at heights of from 3 to 8m. Flowers are borne on 2m infloresences hidden within the crown and are followed by oval or round seeds that turn blue to blue-gray when ripe. Fertilize twice a year in spring and summer with a good quality slow release fertilizer that contains micro-nutrients. Likes direct sun and bright situations. This is propagated by seed. This is a good palm for small yards. Readily available, this is an inexpensive and easy to grow palm. This is found in one of the two smaller courtyards of Kendriya Vidyalaya.


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48 Madhuca Longifolia Mahua, Honey tree, Butter tree, Moha, Mohua, Madhuca, Illuppai, Kuligam, Maduragam, Mavagam, Nattiluppai, Tittinam, Mowa, Moa, Mowrah is an Indian tropical tree found largely in the central and north Indian plains and forests. It is a fast growing tree that grows to approximately 20m in height, possesses evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage. It is a prominent tree in tropical mixed deciduous forests in India in the states of Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Gujarat and Orissa. It is cultivated for its oleaginous seeds, its flowers and its wood, producing between 20 and 200kg of seeds annually per tree, depending on maturity. This oil- solid at ambient temperature is used for the care of the skin, to manufacture soap or detergents and as a vegetable butter. It can also be used as a fuel oil. The seed cakes obtained after extraction of oil constitute very good fertilizers. The flowers are used to produce an alcoholic drink in India. It is considered holy by many tribal communities because of its usefulness. The bark is used for medicinal purposes. Tribals of Bastar in Chattisgarh and Orissa, Santhals of Santhal Paraganas and Tribals of North Maharashtra, consider the tree and the Mahuwa drink as part of their cultural heritage. The main ingredients used for making Mahuwa are the Chhowa Gud -molasses in granular form and dried Mahuwa flowers. There is a mahua tree in front of the Administration Building.


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49 Mangifera Indica Mango is native to India and cultivated in many tropical regions, it has special significance in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Philippines. Its leaves are ritually used for floral decorations at Hindu marriages and religious ceremonies. Trees reach 35-40m in height, with a crown radius of 10m. The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple, 15-35cm long and 6-16cm broad; when the leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark glossy red and then dark green as they mature. The flowers are produced in terminal panicles 10-40cm long; each flower is small and white with five petals 5-10mm long. After the flowers finish, the fruit takes from three to six months to ripen. The ripe fruit is variably colored yellow, orange and red, reddest on the side facing the sun and yellow where shaded. In the center of the fruit is a single flat, oblong seed. An excellent overall nutritional source, mango is rich in dietary fiber and carbohydrates. It contains antioxidant vitamins A, C and E comprise 25%, 76% and 9%, respectively in a 165g serving. Mango is recognized in the Muslim world as a possible supplement for sexual potency. Though mango trees are found in many houses in, there is a fast growing grove in between Plant Hospital and Pump House.


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50 Manilkara Zapota Sapota, Sapodilla, Safeda, Chikoo, Achras sapota, Rata-mi, Nípero, Dilly or Naseberry is a long-lived evergreen tree native of Mexico and was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonisation. Sapodilla grows to 30-40m tall. It is wind-resistant and the bark is rich in white, gummy latex called chicle. The ornamental leaves are medium green and glossy. They are alternate, elliptic to ovate, 7-15cm long, with an entire margin. The white flowers are inconspicuous and bell-like, with a six-lobed corolla. The fruit is a large globose berry, 4-8cm in diameter, very much resembling a smooth-skinned potato and containing 2-10 seeds. Inside, its flesh ranges from a pale yellow to an earthy brown color with a grainy texture akin to that of a well-ripened pear. The flavour is exceptionally sweet and very tasty. The fruit's flavour has been compared to cotton candy or caramel. The unripe fruit is hard to the touch and contains high amounts of saponin similar to tannin which dry out the mouth. The seeds are black and resemble beans, with a hook at one end that can catch in the throat if swallowed. The sapodilla trees yield fruit twice a year, though flowering may continue year round. The fruit has a high latex content and does not ripen until picked. Some are round and some are oval with pointed ends. This is tree is found in the Central Nursery.


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51 Michelia Champaca Kanakchampa, Champaka, Shamba, Sempangam, Sampige, Shamba, Champa, Chapa, Champakamu, Rac-champo, Champak, Shembuga or Tita-sopa is an evergreen tree, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. The flower is the main scent present in the commercial ‘joy’ perfume. This is a large evergreen tree with a long straight bole of 18-21m with a close tapering crown composed of ascending branches. The bark is light gray, smooth, and about 2cm thick. Leaves are generally 13-25cm long, 5-9cm wide, lanceolate, sometimes ovate, finely acuminate, glabrous and more or less shining above, glabrescent underneath; the petiole is 1.8-3.0cm long, slightly channeled and usually pubescent; the old leaves are yellow. It grows in moist, deep, well drained, good quality soil. It thrives in a damp climate. The wood is soft and even-grained. The sapwood is white; the heartwood is light yellowish-brown to olive-brown, somewhat lustrous and without characteristic odor or taste. The species is used for packing cases, crates, carriages, furniture, carving, pencils, tea chests and plywood and in ship and boat building. They are floated in bowls of water to scent the room, as a fragrant decoration for bridal beds and for essential oil extraction. The yellow-flowered variety produces new leaves in March; the white-flowered variety, later in the hot season. One beautiful specimen can be found in the lawns of the Guest House and a few more are available in residential quarters.


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52 Millingtonia Hortensis Cork tree, Maramalli, Akas nim, Nim Chameli, Betati nim, Karkku, Mini Chameli, Kat Malli or Kavudi is a tall deciduous tree. Believed to have been introduced from Myanmar it is a fast growing tree and widely grows in the Central India. It grows up to 25m. The leaves are pinnately compound. Flowers are corymbose, long tubular, white and fragrant. The fruit is a capsule. It flowers at night and shed flowers early in the morning. It has corky bark. It has straight trunk and has few branches. It is mostly found in the tropical forests. It can be found in the Sultanpur National Park in India. Cork tree can grow in variety of soils. It requires full sunlight for its growth. Stem and roots of the Cork tree have great medicinal value. Its dried flower is a good lung tonic. It is also used in the cough diseases. Its flowers are used in the rituals. Its bark is used to produce yellow dye. This tree is found behind the Guest House.


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53 Mimusops Elengil This is also called Spanish Cherry and Bakul tree. This is native to the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. Bakul is a large and handsome tree well known for its fragrant flowers, which are strung into garlands and worn by women. Many parts of the tree are used medicinally. The reddish heartwood is hard, strong, closely grained and durable and is used for bridge building, boats, mine props and heavy construction. Bakul is used in the treatment and maintenance of oral hygiene. Rinsing mouth with water solution made with bakul helps in strengthening the teeth. It has significance in Hindu and Buddhist religions. It is a beautiful avenue tree and it forms a beautiful stretch between Ganga Circle to Hospital.


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54 Morinda Pubescens Haldi kunch, Al, Ach, Maddi, Kadukumla, Mulgal, Togari, Thogaru, Nuna, Majavatti, Manjanatti, Morinda, Noni, Togari wood of Madras, Manjappaavatta, Bartondi, Pindra, Achyuta, Akshikiphala, Manchanari or Togar mughalai is a moderate sized, deciduous tree with pale brown, deeply cracked, corky bark. This tree grows in the deciduous and shrub forests and on wetlands. Leaves are simple, lanceolate, elliptic, dull green, thick, in opposite pairs and stipules bifid. Flowers and seeds are minute and in global heads. Wood is close grained, used in turnery, making plates and dishes. Leaves are applied externally to relieve gout pain. Root bark is used for dyeing red and yellow and is propagated through seeds. There is a Haldi Kunch tree in the outer periphery of Jogging Track while entering the track from the Pump House side.


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55 Moringa Oleifera Moringa, Sajjana, Drumstick or Murungai is an exceptionally nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. The tree itself is rather slender with drooping branches that grows to about 10m in height; however, it normally is cut back annually to one meter or less, and allowed to regrow, so that pods and leaves remain within arms reach. Moringa is cultivated in Africa, America, Sri Lanka, India, Mexico, Malaysia and Philippines. Considered one of the world’s most useful trees, as almost every part of the Moringa tree can be used for food, or has some other beneficial property. In the tropics it is used as forage for livestock. And in many countries Moringa is used as a micronutrient powder to aid indigenous diseases. The immature green pods, called ‘drumsticks’ are probably the most valued and widely used part of the tree. The flowers are edible when cooked and are said to taste like mushrooms. Murungakai as it is locally known in Tamilnadu and Kerala and is used in Siddha medicine. In India, the plant is propagated by planting limb cuttings 1–2m long, from June to August, preferably. The plant starts bearing pods 6–8 months after planting but regular bearing commenced after the second year. It can also be propagated by seed. Moringa needs well drained soil. India is the largest producer of moringa. A good patchof Sajjana is found behind the CISF barracks.


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56 Murraya Koenigii The Curry tree, Kadipatta, Kari baavu, Karivepaku, Karuveppilai, Kari patta, Noroxingha, Bhursunga oatra, Kadhi limb, Kadhi limdo, Karapincha or Sweet neem leafis is a tropical to sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae, which is native to India. It is a small tree, growing 4-6m tall, with a trunk up to 40cm diameter. The leaves are pinnate, with 11-21 leaflets, each leaflet 2-4cm long and 1-2cm broad. The flowers are small white, and fragrant. The small black, shiny berries are edible, but their seeds are poisonous. Its leaves are highly aromatic and are used as an herb. They are commonly used as seasoning in Indian and Sri Lankan cooking, much like bay leaves and especially in curries with fish or coconut milk. In their fresh form, they have a short shelf life. They are also available dried, though the aroma is inferior. Murraya koenigii is antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-hypercholesterolemic. Many of the Township households have this tree and a good specimen is found in Central Nursery.


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57 Neolamarckia Cadamba Kadamb is an evergreen, tropical tree native to South and Southeast Asia. The Kadamb tree grows up to 45m high. The trunk has a diameter of 100-160cm, but typically less than that. Leaves are 13-32cm long. Kadamb flowers are red to orange, occurring in dense, globe-like heads of approximately 55cm. The fruit of kadamba occurs in small, fleshy capsules packed closely together to form a fleshy yellow-orange infructescence containing approximately 8000 seeds. On maturing, the fruit splits apart, releasing the seeds, which are then dispersed by wind or rain. The bark is grey, smooth in young trees, rough and longitudinally fissured in old trees. Kadamba flowers are an important raw material in the production of ‘attar’ - an Indian perfume. Kadamba is mentioned in the Bhagavata Purana- Lord Krishna’s biography and in verses that praises Devi- Goddess. In Northern India, it is associated with Krishna while in the South it is known as ‘Parvathi’s tree’. Radha and Krishna are supposed to have conducted their love play in the hospitable and sweet-scented shade of the Kadamba tree. Devi is the radiant beauty who dwells in the Kadamba forest - Kadamba-vana-vasini or Kadamba-vana-nilaye, whose presence is sensed if the cuckoo sings in the Kadamb forest. Kadamba tree is considered as the ‘sthalavruksham’ of Meenakshi Temple at Madurai. A beautiful avenue of Kadamb trees can be found along the Kendriya Vidyalaya.


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58 Peltophorum Pterocarpum Copperpod, Golden flamboyant, Yellow flamboyant, Yellow flame tree, Yellow poinciana or Radhachura is native to tropical southeastern Asia and northern Australasia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines- doubtfully native and Australia. It is a deciduous tree growing to 15–25m tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1m. The leaves are bipinnate, 30-60cm long, with 16-20 pinnae, each pinna with 20-40 oval leaflets 8-25mm long and 4-10mm broad. The flowers are yellow, 2.5-4cm diameter, produced in large compound racemes up to 20cm long. The fruit is a pod 5-10cm long and 2.5cm broad, red at first, ripening black, and containing one to four seeds. Trees begin to flower after about four years. Peltophorum pterocarpum is widely grown in tropical regions as an ornamental tree, particularly in Nigeria, Pakistan and India, Florida and Hawaii in the United States. The wood has a wide variety of uses, and the foliage is used as a fodder crop. This tree is found in the Township in good numbers.


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59 Phoenix Dactylifera The Date palm is extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Due to its long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution is unknown, but probably originated somewhere in the desert oases of northern Africa and perhaps also southwest Asia. It is a medium-sized tree, 15–25m tall, often clumped with several trunks from a single root system, but often growing singly as well. The leaves are pinnate, 3–5m long, with spines on the petiole and about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30cm long and 2 cm broad. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10m. The fruit is a drupe known as a date. They are oval-cylindrical, 3–7cm long, and 2–3cm diameter, and when unripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single seed about 2–2.5cm long and 6–8mm thick. Three main cultivar groups of date exist; soft (e.g. 'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy', 'Medjool'), semi-dry (e.g. 'Dayri', 'Deglet Noor', 'Zahidi') and dry (e.g. 'Thoory'). The date palm is dioecious, having separate male and female plants. Dates ripen in four stages, which are known throughout the world by their Arabic names kimri-unripe; khalal-full-size, crunchy; rutab-ripe, soft; tamr-ripe, sun-dried. A 100g portion of fresh dates is a premium source of vitamin C and supplies 230kcal of energy. There are a number of date palms found in Note Mudran Nagar and one is seen in between Hospital and Pump House.


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60 Pithecellobium Dulce Madras thorn, Jungle jalebi, Guamachili, Kamatsile, Opiuma, Manila Tamarind or Monkeypod is a flowering plant native to South America. It is introduced and extensively naturalised in the Caribbean, Guam and Southeast Asia. The tree is about 5 to 8m high. Its trunk is spiny and its leaves are bipinnate. Each pinna has a single pair of ovate-oblong leaflets that are about 2 to 4cm long. The flowers are greenish-white, fragrant, sessile and reach about 12cm long though looks shorter due to coiling. The flowers produce a pod with an edible pulp. The seeds are black. The seeds are propagated via birds that feed on the sweet pod. The Manila tamarind is drought-resistant and can survive in dry land from sea level to 300m elevation. Because of these characteristics they are usually cultivated as street trees. In folk medicine, a decoction of its bark can cure frequent bowel movement. The leaves can be applied as plasters for pain and venereal sores. Its fruit's pulp is sweet and can be eaten rawly or prepared as beverage. There is a patch of Jungle jalebi near Jagannath Temple.


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61 Plumeria Rubra Champa, Temple tree, Frangipani, Araliya, Kalachuchi, Pansal mal, Plumeria, Leelaawadee lantom or Kembang kamboja is a deciduous tree originally from Colombia. This is also found in Eastern Africa. Plumeria flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them. The flowers have no nectar and simply dupe their pollinators. The moths inadvertently pollinate them by transferring pollen from flower to flower in their fruitless search for nectar. This is propagated by taking a cutting of leafless stem tips in spring and allowing them to dry at the base before inserting them into soil. They are associated with temples in both Hindu and Buddhist cultures, though Hindus do not use the flowers in their temple offerings. In modern Polynesian culture, it can be worn by women to indicate their relationship status -over the right ear if seeking a relationship, and over the left if taken. This is the national flower of Nicaragua and Laos, where it is known under the local name Sacuanjoche and Champa respectively. In Bangladeshi culture most white flowers and particularly chômpa or chãpa are associated with funerals and death. One good specimen is found in E9.


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62 olyalthia Longifolia Devdaru or Ashoka is a lofty evergreen tree, native to India and commonly planted due to its effectiveness in alleviating noise pollution. It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves with undulate margins. The tree is known to grow over 10m in height. Found natively in India and Sri Lanka. It is introduced in gardens in many tropical countries around the world. Fresh leaves are a coppery brown color and are soft and delicate to touch, as the leaves grow older the color becomes a light green and finally a dark green. The leaves are larval food plant of the Kite swallowtails. In spring the tree is covered with delicate star-like pale green flowers. The flowers are not conspicuous due to their color. Fruit are borne in clusters of 10-20, initially green but turning purple or black when ripe. These are loved by birds, such as the Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus and bats including the flying foxes. The leaves are good for ornamental decoratio. The tree is a main attraction in gardens throughout India. The tree can be cut into various shapes and maintained in required sizes. This tree is found in many places in Note Mudran Nagar, Salboni. One patch is located just opposite the Plant Gate and Central Nursery.


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63 Pongamia Pinnata Karanj, Indian beech tree, Honge tree, Pongam tree or Panigrahi is thought to have originated in India and is found throughout Asia. It is a deciduous tree that grows to about 15-25m in height with a large canopy that spreads equally wide. The leaves are a soft, shiny burgundy in early summer and mature to a glossy, deep green as the season progresses. Small clusters of white, purple, and pink flowers blossom on their branches throughout the year, maturing into brown seed pods. The tree is drought tolerant. The dense shade it provides slows the evaporation of surface water and its root structures promote nitrogen fixation, which moves nutrients from the air into the soil. The tree grows wild on sandy and rocky soils, including limestone. It is often used for landscaping purposes as a windbreak or for shade due to the large canopy and showy fragrant flowers. The bark can be used to make twine or rope and it also yields a black gum that is used to treat wounds caused by poisonous fish. Juices from the plant, as well as the oil, are antiseptic and resistant to pests. The seed oil is an important asset of this tree having been used as lamp oil, in soap making, and as a lubricant for thousands of years. This oil is rapidly gaining popularity as an important source of fuel for diesel engines. A few hundreds of this tree is planted in the year 2007 Sector-VI.


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64 Psidium Guajava The Apple guava or Common guava, Goiabeira or Goiaba is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to Brazil. It is pollinated by insects; in culture, mainly by the common honey bee- Apis mellifera. Called guayaba in Spanish-speaking countries, guava is a common shade tree or shrub in door-yard gardens in the tropics. It provides shade while the guava fruits are eaten fresh and made into drinks, ice cream, and preserves. In the richness of the Amazon, guava fruits often grow well beyond the size of tennis balls on well-branched trees or shrubs reaching up to 20m high. Cultivated varieties average about 10m in height and produce lemon-sized fruits. The tree is easily identified by its distinctive thin, smooth, copper-colored bark that flakes off, showing a greenish layer beneath. Guava is rich in tannins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, vitamins, fiber and fatty acids. Guava fruit is higher in vitamin C than citrus - 80mg of vitamin C in 100g of fruit and contains appreciable amounts of vitamin A as well. Guava, known as the poor man's apple of the tropics, has a long history of traditional use. It is a wonderful natural remedy for diarrhea - safe enough even for young children. It is found in many locations in Note Mudran Nagar.


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65 Pterocarpus Marsuphium Piasal, Indian kino, Malabar kino, Benga, Bijiayasal or Venkai is native to India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, where it occurs in parts of the Western Ghats in the Karnataka-Kerala region. It is a medium to large, deciduous tree and can grow up to 30m tall. Parts of this tree have long been used for their medicinal properties in Ayurveda. The heartwood is used as an astringent and in the treatment of inflammation and diabetes. The adjacent village is named Godhapiasal meaning ‘Big’ piasal due to the large presence of this tree. In Note Mudarn Nagar one can be found in front of the Hospital.


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66 Pterocarpus Santalinus Red sanders, Red sandalwood, Lalchandan or Rakta chandana is native to India. It is most commonly found in south and southwestern India, notably in the state of Karnataka in Talakona forest and in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a light-demanding small tree growing to 8m tall with a trunk 50–150cm diameter. It is fast-growing when young, reaching 5m tall in three years even on degraded soils. The leaves are alternate, 3–9cm long, trifoliate with three leaflets. The flowers are produced in short racemes. The fruit is a pod 6–9cm long containing one or two seeds. The wood is valued in China particulaly during the Ming and Quing periods, referred to in Chinese as zitan and spelt tzu-t'an. It has been one of the most prized woods. King Solomon was given tribute logs of Almug. This is called valgu in Sanskrit and valgum by Queen of Sheba. It is an endangered species. Its wood is valuable and used in carvings and toys. It is noted for its dying and medicinal properties. Red sandal absorbs radio active rays and has antidiabetic properties. It is exported to Japan. This tree is found in the Central Nursery.


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67 Punica Granatum The name ‘Pomegranate’ derives from Latin pomum –‘apple’ and granatus ‘seeded’. The pomegranate is native to the region from Iran to the Himalayas in northern India and has been cultivated and naturalized over the whole Mediterranean region and the Caucasus since ancient times. This is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing to between five and eight metres tall. The leaves are opposite or sub-opposite, glossy, narrow oblong, entire, 3–7cm long and 2cm broad. The flowers are bright red, 3cm in diameter, with four to five petals. The fruit is of 5–12cm in diameter with a rounded hexagonal shape, and has thick reddish skin and around 600 seeds. The seeds and surrounding pulp, ranging in color from white to deep red, called arils, are edible; indeed, the fruit of the pomegranate is a berry. Pomegranate aril juice provides about 16% of an adult's daily vitamin C requirement per 100ml serving and is a good source of vitamin B5. Jewish tradition says that the pomegranate is a symbol for righteousness, because it is said to have 613 seeds which corresponds with the 613 mitzvot or commandments of the Torah. For this reason and others, many Jews eat pomegranates on Rosh Hashanah. It is said that Solomon designed his coronet based on the pomegranate's ‘crown’-calyx. This tree is found in many households and Central Nursery.


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68 Ravenala Madagascariensis Traveller's tree or Travellers palm is a species of banana-like plant from Madagascar. It is not a true palm. The traveler's palm gets its name from the fact that thirsty travelers could find stores of water in many parts of the plant including the leaf folds, flower bracts and inside each of the hollow leaf bases each of which hold up to one quart of water! The enormous paddle-shaped leaves are borne on long petioles in a distinctive fan shape aligned in a single plane. The flowers are small and inconspicuous. The leaves range up to 3m long and from 25-51cm in width. The subterranean trunk emerges above ground elevating the symmetrical crown to heights ranging from 9-18 m in the adult plant. The green palm like trunk grows up to 0.3m in diameter and displays distinctive trunk leaf scar rings. Multitudes of small creamy white flowers compose an inflorescence upto 30.5cm long. The plant grows to an average height of 7 metre. A mature traveler's palm may bloom year round and produce brown fruits that contain light blue seeds. The traveler's palm has very deep roots in folklore and tradition. It is said, “If a traveler stands directly in front of a traveler's palm and makes a wish in good spirit- that wish will definitely come true”. I could find a few of this tree in Township and one good specimen is in the Central Nursery.


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69 Roystonea Regia Royal palm is a genus of 10 species of monoecious palms, named after Roy Stone, a U.S. Army engineer, native to tropical regions of Florida, the Caribbean and the adjacent coasts of Central and South America. These are single-stemmed trees, average in height to among the world's tallest. Growing from 10-30m tall, the trunks are white, or nearly so, often bulging either at the base or the central portion, depending on the species. The leaves are pinnate, 3-7m long with numerous -about 100 pinnae up to 1m long and 2-4cm broad; the leaves also have a distinctive green basal sheath extending 2m down the trunk. These plants have the ability to easily release their leaves in strong winds, a supposed adoption serving to prevent toppling during hurricanes and quickly renew their foliage after a hurricane. Inflorescences occur beneath the crownshaft, emerging from a narrow, horn-shaped bract. The flowers on the branched panicles are usually white, unisexual and contain both sexes. The fruit is an oblong or globose drupe 1-2cm long and deep purple when ripe. They are considered by many to be the most beautiful palm in the world. Royal palms are very fond of water and thrive on supplemental irrigation. They also do better in a soil with lots of humus. On the island of Hispaniola, royal palms are favored by Palmchats for feeding, roosting and nesting. The name ‘Royal Palm’ is widely used in Florida for the name of streets and real estate developments. There is one royal palm found in E13.


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70 Santalum Album Sandalwood tree, also called Sree-gandha, Chandan is native to border areas of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala. Karnataka is proud of this tree. The height of this evergreen tree is between 4 and 9m. They may live to one hundred years of age. The tree is variable in habit, usually upright to sprawling and may intertwine with other species. The plant parasitises the roots of other tree species, with a haustorium adaptation on its own roots, but without major detriment to its hosts. Upto 300 species can host the tree's development- supplying macronutrients phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium and shade -especially during early phases of development. It may propagate itself through wood suckering during its early development, establishing small strands. The reddish or brown bark can be almost black and is smooth in young trees, becoming cracked with a red reveal. The heartwood is pale green to white as the common name indicates. The leaves are thin, opposite and ovate to lanceolate in shape. Glabrous surface is shiny and bright green, with a glaucous pale reverse. Fruit is produced after three years, viable seeds after five. These seeds are distributed by birds. This tree is wellknown for its fragrant oil and its medicinal properties and also for handicrafts. Leaves, twigs or flowers do not have any smell. Only recently the law has been changed. Two sandalwood trees are seen at the entrance of the Administration building.


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71 Schleichera Oleosa Kusum, Pongro, Gum-lac tree, Pongro, Kasambi, Phen, Kusambi or Takhro is a deciduous tree. It occurs naturally from the foothills of the Himalayas and the western Deccan to Sri Lanka and Indo-China. It grows upto 40m tall with smooth grey bark; branches are terete, striate with sparse, sessile glands and black. Leaves are parinnate, 3-jugate, the topmost leaflet sometimes situated like a terminal leaflet; axial parts usually early glabrescent; petiole terete to somewhat flattened or slightly grooved above and 2-6cm long. Flowers are functionally unisexual, pale yellow or pale green; pedicel up to 5mm long; sepals 4-5, connate at base, lobes ovate to deltoid, about 1.5mm long, obtuse to acute, with thin hairs on both sides. Fruit is a broadly ovoid, ellipsoid to subglobular berry, 1-2 seeded, 1.5-2.5cm long and 1-2cm thick with narrow base, apex pointed, yellow, hard-crustaceous, smooth or slightly spiny. Seed subglobular, about 12mm x 10mm x 8mm, hilum orbicular, testa brown, smooth, glabrous; arillode completely covering the seed, thin papery and yellow. Leaves, twigs and seed-cake are used to feed cattle. In India, it is used as host for the lac insect. The product is called kusum lac and is the best in quality and in yield. It is much planted as a wayside tree. A specimen is found on the road just in front of the Administration building.


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72 Shorea Robusta Sal is a species of tree native to southern Asia, ranging south of the Himalaya, from Myanmar in the east to India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. In India it extends from Assam, Bengal and Jharkhand west to the Shivalik Hills in Haryana, east of the Yamuna. It is often the dominant tree in the forests where it occurs. Sal is moderate to slow growing, and can attain heights of 30 to 35m and a trunk diameter of up to 2-2.5m. The leaves are 10-25cm long and 5-15cm broad. In wetter areas, it is evergreen; in drier areas, it is dry-season deciduous, shedding most of the leaves in between February to April, leafing out again in April and May. Sal is one of the most important sources of hardwood timber in India, with hard, coarse-grained wood that is light in colour when freshly cut, and becoming dark brown with exposure. The wood is resinous and durable, and is sought after for construction, although not well suited to planing and polishing. Sal resin is burned as incense in Hindu ceremonies and seeds and fruit are a source of lamp oil and vegetable fat. Buddhists and Hindus in India and neighbouring countries worship sal. The name of the town Salbani where Note Mudran Nagar situated is said to have derived from ‘Forest of Sal’. ‘Bani’ in Bengali means forest. The famous Lumbini tract where Lord Buddha had sat for meditation and acquired salvation constituted a thick forest of Sal. One can find a beautiful forest of sal behind the Guest House and GM’s Bungalow.


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73 Spathodea Campannulata African tulip tree, Fire tree, Flame of the forest or Fountain tree is famous throughout the tropical world and is native to West Kenya and Uganda. The major attraction is the large softball-sized bell-shaped orange-red flowers with a yellow border on the petals, which are huge and spectacular. The magnificent African tulip tree flowers are seen in late winter. The blooms are softball sized, ultra showy and face looking up to the sky. After blooming, large pods are grown which later release winged seeds. In its homelands, African tulip tree is a massive tree growing upto 20m and is related to Jacaranda and Tabebuia. This grows as wide as it grows tall producing an immense shade canopy. This is an evergreen with large leathery olive-green leaves. This tree forms the circle around the Ganga Circle.


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74 Swietenia Mahagoni The word Mahagony has its origin to Hindi or Sanskrit which is made of two basic words Maha and Gony, which means great- maha and qualities- gony. Mahogany, West Indian mahogany, Spanish mahogany, Madeira redwood, Acajou, Caoba, Caoba de Santo, Ceria mahogany, Cuban mahogany, American mahogany, True mahogany, small leaf mahogany and Dominican mahogany are some of the other names of Indian Mahogany. This grows up to the height of 10-14m It is fast upright growing tree with rounded symmetrical crown. The leaves are pinnate, 12–25cm long, with four to eight leaflets, each leaflet 5-6cm long and 2-3cm broad; there is no terminal leaflet. The flowers are small, produced in panicles. Both the male and the female flowers are produced on the same plant. The fruit is a woody capsule 5-10cm long and 3-6cm broad, containing numerous winged seeds splitting into 5 parts relwasing flat, long winged, light brown seeds. The bark is smooth dark brown in colour. The bark extracts are used as an astringent for wounds. It is used to cure malaria, anemia diarrhea, fever, dysentery and depurative. The leaves contain several limonoids; seven phragmalin limonoids of swietephragmins. Its wood, which is dark brown in colour, is used in making furniture, fixtures, musical instruments, inlay, boat, caskets and many more. Its wood is a very popular material for drum making. This tree is found in Township in large numbers and a beautiful row can be seen behind the Transit Hostel.


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75 Syzygium Cumini Jambul, Jamun or Jamblang is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae, native to India, Pakistan and Indonesia. It is grown in Philippines, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. The tree was introduced in USA in 1911 and is commonly planted in Suriname. In Brazil, where it was introduced from India during Portuguese colonization, it has dispersed spontaneously in the wild. A fairly fast growing species, it can reach heights of upto 30m and can live more than 100 years. Its dense foliage provides shade and is grown just for its ornamental value. The wood is strong and is water resistant. So it is used in railway sleepers and to install motors in wells. Jamun trees start flowering from March to April. The flowers of Jamun are fragrant and small, about 5mm in diameter. The fruits develop by May or June and resemble large berries. The fruit is oblong, ovoid, starts green and turns pink to shining crimson black as it matures. A variant of the tree produces white coloured fruit. The fruit has a combination of sweet, mildly sour and astringent flavour and tends to colour the tongue purple. The seed is also used in various alternative healing systems like Ayurveda, Unani and Chinese medicines. The leaves and bark are used for controlling blood pressure and gingivitis. Wine and vinegar are also made from the fruit. It has a high source in vitamin A and vitamin C. There are a number of trees in Township and one can be found in between Herbal Garden and Kalakendra.


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76 Syzygium Samarangense Jamrul, Java apple, Wax apple, Wax jambu, Water apple, Amrul, Chom pu kio, Makopa, Semarang is a tree 5-15m tall, has a short trunk 25-30cm thick and open, widespreading crown and pinkish-grey, flaking bark. The opposite leaves are elliptic and rounded at the base; yellowish to dark bluish-green 10-25cm long and 5-12cm wide; very aromatic when crushed. Flowers, borne in drooping panicles of 3 to 30 at the branch tips or in smaller clusters in the axils of fallen leaves, are fragrant, yellowish-white 2-4cm broad, 4-petalled. The waxy fruit, usually light-red, sometimes light green is pear-shaped, narrow at the base, very broad, flattened, indented and adorned with the 4 fleshy calyx lobes at the apex; 3.5-5cm long, 4-5cm wide. The skin is very thin, the flesh white, spongy, dry to juicy, sub-acid and very bland in flavour. There may be 1 or 2 seeds or more likely none. The greenish fruits are eaten raw with salt or may be cooked as a sauce. They are also stewed with true apples. The red fruits are juicier and flavourful and suitable for eating out-of-hand. The flowers are astringent and used in Taiwan to treat fever and halt diarrhea. Java apple will grow best in rich fertile soil. The trees grow spontaneously from seed. Preferred types are reproduced by layering, budding onto their own rootstocks. Sometimes the java apple is grafted onto the cultivated Rose Apple. A few trees are found in the Central Nursery.


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77 Tabebuia Aurea Caribbean trumpet tree, Ipê, Poui, Trumpet tree, Pau d'arco or Gowrichura is a neotropical genus of about 100 species in the tribe Tecomeae of the family Bignoniaceae. The species range from northern Mexico and the Antilles south to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and Cuba. They are large shrubs and trees growing to 5 to 50m tall depending on the species; many species are dry-season deciduous but some are evergreen. The leaves are opposite pairs, complex or palmately compound with 3-7 leaflets. The flowers are 3 to 11cm wide and are produced in dense clusters. They present a cupular calyx campanulate to tubular, truncate, bilabiate or 5-lobed. Corolla colours vary between species ranging from white, light pink, yellow, lavender, magenta or red. The outside texture of the flower tube is either glabrous or pubescent. The fruit is a dehiscent pod, 10 to 50cm long, containing numerous- in some species winged- seeds. These pods often remain on the tree through dry season until the beginning of the rainy season. Species in this genus are important as timber trees. The wood is used for furniture, decking, and other outdoor uses. It has a fire rating of A1- the highest possible, the same as concrete and is denser than water- it sinks. They are useful as honey plants for bees and are popular with certain hummingbirds. It is found widely distributed in Township.


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78 Tamarindus Indica Tamarind, Ambli, Imli or Chinch etc is native to tropical Africa; the tree grows wild throughout the Sudan and was long ago introduced into in India. Arabs called it ‘Tamar hindi’- Indian date. This is a slow-growing, long-living, massive tree, reaches under favorable conditions, a height of 24-30m and may attain a spread of 12m and a trunk circumference of 7.5m. It is highly wind-resistant, with strong, supple branches, gracefully drooping at the ends, and has dark-gray, rough, fissured bark. The mass of bright green, fine, feathery foliage is composed of pinnate leaves, 7.5-15cm in length, each having 10 to 20 pairs of oblong leaflets 1.25-2.5cm long and 5-6mm wide, which fold at night. Inconspicuous, 2.5cm wide flowers, borne in small racemes, are 5-petalled yellow with orange or red streaks. The fruits, flattish, beanlike, irregularly curved and bulged pods are borne in great abundance along the new branches and usually vary from 5 to 18cm long and from 2-3.2cm in diameter. As they mature, the pods fill out somewhat and the juicy, acidulous pulp turns brown or reddish-brown. Thereafter, the skin becomes a brittle, easily cracked shell and the pulp dehydrates naturally to a sticky paste. The pulp is an important ingredient in chutneys, curries and sauces. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. One specimen can be found opposite the Shopping Complex.


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79 Tecoma Stans This perennial tree is known as Yellow trumpet bush, Yellow bells, Yellow elder and Ginger thomas. It is native to South America and United States. Yellow trumpet tree is an attractive plant, which is cultivated as an ornamental. It has sharply-toothed, lance-shaped green leaves and bears large, showy, bright golden yellow trumpet-shaped flowers. It is drought-tolerant and grows well in warm climates. The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The plant produces pods containing yellow seeds with papery wings. The plant is desirable fodder when it grows in fields grazed by livestock. The leaves and roots of the plant contain bioactive compounds, especially monoterpenes, which may have medicinal uses. It readily colonizes disturbed, rocky, sandy, and cleared land and occasionally becomes an invasive weed. It is the national flower of The Bahamas. This is the official flower of the United States Virgin Islands. A number of this tree is found in Township and some good specimens are located in the park adjacent to Ganga Circle.


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80 Tectona Grandis Teak is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia and is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. They are large trees, growing to 30-40m tall, deciduous in the dry season. There are three species of Tectona namely Common Teak, Dahat Teak and Philippine Teak. The timber is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture, boat decks, and other articles where weather resistance is desired. It is also used for indoor flooring and as a veneer for indoor furnishings. Teak is easily worked and has natural oils that make it suitable for use in exposed locations, where it is durable even when not treated with oil or varnish. Teak cut from old trees grown slowly in natural forests is more durable and harder; teak from young trees grown in plantations is more prone to splitting and water damage, however kiln drying allows for sustainable, plantation-grown teak to perform nearly on par with old-growth teak. Teak is used extensively in India to make doors and window frames, furniture and columns and beams in old type houses. It is very resistant to termite attacks. Mature teak fetches a very good price. It is grown extensively by forest departments of different states in forest areas. Hundreds of teak trees are found in Township and there is a patch of teak located in front of Transit Hostel.


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81 Terminalia Arjuna Known as Arjuna, Axjun Argun, Bahera, Bahira, Bala harade, Balera, Behada, Beleric myrobalan, Bihara, Chebulic myrobalan, Hara, Harada, Haritaki, He zi, Hirala, Indian almond and Myrobalan, this is a medicinal plant of the genus Terminalia, widely praised and used by Ayurvedic physicians for its curative properties in organic and functional heart problems like angina, hypertension, deposits in arteries etc. According to Ayurvedic texts it is also very useful in the treatment of any sort of pain due a fall, ecchymosis of all types, spermatorrhoea and sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhoea. Bark of Arjuna is thought to be beneficial for the heart. The cardioprotective effects of terminalia are thought to be caused by the antioxidant nature of several of the constituent flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidins, while positive inotropic effects may be caused by the saponin glycosides. A patch of Arjun can be found in the behind the Kalakendra.


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82 Terminalia ellirica Baheda is a large deciduous tree. Its natural habitat starts from Burma in the east and passing over India upto Afghanistan. Baheda attains a height up to 30m and a girth of 3-4m in about 75 years. The abvoid oblong-shaped fruit is of 2-3cm diameter. It is brownish in color having short dense hair cover. Its bark has uneven longitudinal furrows and is bluish to ash gray in color. Its leaves are alternate, crowded towards the end of branches, obvate elliptic in shape 10-20cm long and 3-6cm wide- slightly pale on the lower side. Its flowers are about 5mm in diameter of pale white to green in color. This tree, called Vibhitaki in Sanskrit, meaning fearless, was avoided by the Hindus of Northern India, who would not sit in its shade as it is supposed to be inhabited by demons. Baheda fruit is favourite with monkeys and the kernel is enjoyed by village children. The oil extracted from the kernel is used for its soothing effect on the hair. Baheda fruit is used in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine for stomach disorders. It has a big spreading umbrella like crown. Its wood is light gray to yellowish, cross grained and hard, though not very durable. It can be used for construction of cheap buildings, especially for doors, windows and roof members. It is also used for agricultural implements, packing cases, firewood and for making charcoal. One Baheda tree is found in Sector –VI and many more are found along the road from Gate 1.


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83 Thevetia Peruviana Yellow oleander is a plant native to Peru. It is an evergreen tropical shrub that bears yellow, trumpet like flowers and its fruit is deep red to black in color encasing a large seed that bears some resemblance to a Chinese ‘lucky nut’. It is known as Yellow oleander, Bastard oleander, Be-still tree or Peeli kaner. This normally grows to 2-3m and can be to 7m tall. Its seed casing is extremely hard. It contains a milky sap that is used as a heart stimulant but in its natural form is extremely poisonous, as are all parts of the plants, especially the seeds. Its leaves are long, lance shaped and green in colour. Leaves are covered in waxy coating to reduce water loss which typical of oleanders. Its stem is green turning silver or gray as it ages. It will tolerate most kinds of soil as long as they are well drained and is situated in full sun in a sheltered area. Propagated by seed in spring. Can also propagate from cuttings in spring-early summer with hardwood cuttings. It is found in a park patch near Ganga Circle.


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84 Zamia Furfuracea Cardboard plant or Cardboard sago is a Cycad which is native to Coastal savannah of eastern Mexico. Zamia develops under ground to short stems to form a clump later. It has arching leaves bearing still almost oval leathery blue-green leaflets to 400mm with leaves up to 1m long. In indoors this grows to 1m and is hardy in good natural light. This tree can grow right down to the water. This is a very tough and probably the most popular cycad, after Cycas revoluta. Zamia is found in the Central Nursery.


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85 Ziziphus Mauritiana Ber, Boroi, Indian jujube, Chinee apple or Cottony jujube is a tropical fruit tree species and is native to India though it is also cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in the dry tropics, notably in Africa. It is a serious environmental weed in Northern Australia. The tree grows very fast even in dry regions, reaching heights of 6-12m with a lifespan of 25 years or more. The leaves are broadly ovate, 4-8cm long, with a rounded apex. The fruit is a soft, juicy, drupe that is 2.5cm diameter and sweet in taste. The fruit ripen at different times even on a single tree and look golden yellow when fully ripe. The size and shape is variable, with selected cultivars having larger fruit. The fruit is eaten raw or pickled or used in beverages. It is quite nutritious and rich in vitamin c. The fatty-acid methyl ester of Ber seed oil meets all of the major biodiesel requirement standards. One good specimen is located in front of Machine Repair Shop.


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86 Akaat Any tree which has no valuable use or used only as firewood is called Akaat in Bengali. There are about three varieties of Akaat trees found inside the Township. Akaat has got symmetrical leaves which are pale green in colour. Akaats grow fast and provide a good canopy for shade and shelter. They attain a height of about 10-12m. One good specimen can be seen in the island near the Shopping Complex and the Bank.


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87 Atang Atang or Atanga as this is called in West Bengal is a tropical firewood tree. It grows to a height of about 25m having long drooping branches and 15cm long pointed leaves. Leaves are bright green in colour. The tree has light coloured bark. Its flowers are 10mm diameter and blossom in pink colour. It is used as firewood. It is seen in many locations in the Township and some good specimens are found near the Gate 1.


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88 Suvam Challa Challa or Suvam challa as this is called in West Bengal is a tropical tree used as firewood and sometimes used for making cheap furniture. It has very thick leaves which are dark green on front side and light green on back. It has drooping branches which are formed asymmetrically. This is infested by insects called ‘suvam’ most of the time. Also this is the place for caterpillars to feed until they become butterflies. It is found in many locations of the Township and one specimen is located in front of Shopping Complex.


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References Neginhal S.G., (2006) Golden Trees, Green Spaces and Urban Forestry, Neginhal S.G., Bangalore Pradip Kishen, (2006) Trees of Delhi A Field Guide Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Limited, New Delhi.

Addresses of the web sites are given as it was when the author referred them.

http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Thevetia_peruviana.html http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/o/oraswe12.html http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Araucaria_columnaris http://emblica-officinalis.101herbs.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_auriculiformis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_holosericea http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albizia_lebbeck http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstonia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocephalus_cadamba http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucaria http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bael http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhinia_variegata http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaucarnea_recurvata http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombax_ceiba http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borassus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butea_frondosa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carambola http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashew http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuarina_equisetifolia


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_zeylanicum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_aurantium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_nucifera http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_Tree http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_(fruit)#Fruit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diospyros_melanoxylon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_elastica http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangipani http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliricidia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevillea_robusta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_gooseberry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacaranda_mimosifolia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambul http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadamba_tree http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagerstroemia_speciosa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsonia_inermis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litchi_chinensis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahua http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabathrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moringa_oleifera http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neem http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithecellobium_dulce http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyalthia_longifolia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongamia_pinnata


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psidium_guajava http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_marsupium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_santalinus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roystonea http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_fig http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santalum_album http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapota http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_apple http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swietenia_mahagoni http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecoma_stans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectona_grandis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_arjuna http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_bellirica http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thevetia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travellers_palm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus_mauritiana http://en.www.wikipedia.callistemon_viminalis http://mgonline.com/africantuliptree.html http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de/gallery/yamasaki.htm http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/MILLINGTONIA_HORTENSIS.htm http://toptropicals.com/cgi-bin/garden_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=Mimusops_elengi http://www.bangalorewalks.com/musings5.htm http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/alsto028.html http://www.cabicompendium.org/NamesLists/FC/Full/TEM_BE.htm http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jackfruit.html http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/banyan-tree.html http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/cork-tree.html http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/indian-mahogany-tree.html


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http://www.floridata.com/ref/D/dyps_lut.cfm http://www.floridata.com/ref/L/livi_chi.cfm http://www.floridata.com/ref/R/rave_mad.cfm http://www.haryana-online.com/Flora/baheda.htm http://www.haryana-online.com/Flora/bel.htm http://www.haryana-online.com/Flora/jamun.htm http://www.haryana-online.com/flora/pipal.htm http://www.haryana-online.com/Flora/sal.htm http://www.hear.org/starr/plants/images/species/?q=araucaria+columnaris http://www.herbalcerpa.org/disp.asp?id=44 http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/08/23/stories/2006082300860300.htm http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2003/01/19/stories/2003011900120800.htm http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pummelo.html http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/sugar_apple.html http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tamarind.html http://www.indianetzone.com/4/the_mountain_ebony.htm http://www.isibang.ac.in/~bhat/Sandal.html http://www.plantcreations.com/butea_monosperma.htm http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Citrus_1.html http://www.rain-tree.com/guava.htm http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-15.2835/file http://www.sethayurvedics.com/ayurveda-herbs/index5.html http://www.theflowergirllandscape.com/Plants/ http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/manila_tamarind.htm http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/Leucaena_leucocephala.htm http://www.tropilab.com/elephantapple.html


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http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2008/03/bombax_ceiba_1.php http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Citr_lim.html http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Citr_sin.html http://www.worldagroforestry.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18024 http://www.worldagroforestry.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18132 http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=159 www.paradisepalms.co.nz/catsun.asp www.rain-tree.com/Plant-Images/mahogany-pic.htm www.rareflora.com/lagerspec.htm www.treesofindia.com www.tropicalfruitandveg.co.uk/tfvlista-z.php www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelia_champaca www.wikipedia.org/wiki/peltophorum_pterocarpum


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Scientific Names Acacia Auriculiformis Acacia Holosericea Aegle Marmelos Ailanthus Excelsa Albizia Lebbeck Alstonia Scholaris Anacardium Occidentale Annona Squamosa Araucaria Columnaries Artocarpus Heterophyllus Averrhoa Carambola Azadirachta Indica Bauhinia Variegata Beaucarnea Recuvata Bombax Ceiba Borassus Flabellifer Butea Monosperma Callistemon Viminalis Cassia Fistula Casuarina Equisetifolia Cinnamomum Tamala Nees & Eberm Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Citrus Aurantiifolia Citrus Aurantium Citrus Maxima Citrus Sinensis Cocos Nucifera

Cycus Revoluta Dalbergia Sissoo Delonix Regia Dillenia Indica Diospyros Melanoxylon Dypsis Lutescens Emblica Officinalis Eucalyptus Treiticornis Ficus Beghalensis Ficus Elastica Ficus Religiosa Gliricidia Sepium Gmelina Arborea Grevillea Robusta Jacaranda Mimosifolia Lagerstroemia Speciosa Lawsonia Inermis Leucaena Leucocephala Litchi Chinensis Livistona Chinensis Madhuca Longifolia Mangifera Indica Manilkara Zapota Michelia Champaca Millingtonia Hortensis Mimusops Elengi Moringa Oleifera


183

Murraya Koenigii Neolamarckia Cadamba Peltophorum Pterocarpum Phoenix Dactylifera Pithecellobium Dulce Plumeria Rubra Polyalthia Longifolia Pongamia Pinnata Psidium Guajava Pterocarpus Marsuphium Pterocarpus Santalinus Punica Granatum Ravenala Madagascariensis Roystonea Regia Santalum Album Schleichera Oleosa Shorea Robusta Spathodea Campannulata Swietenia Mahagoni Syzygium Cumini Syzygium Samarangense Tabebuia Aurea Tamarindus Indica Tecoma Stans Tectona Grandis Terminalia Arjuna Terminalia ellirica Thevetia Peruviana Zamia Furfuracea

Ziziphus Mauritiana


184

Vernacular Names & Locations 1 Acacia

auriculiformis Akashmani, Auri, Earleaf acacia, Earpod wattle, Northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, Tan wattle, Bengal jali

Several locations

2 Acacia holosericea

Don, Soapbush wattle, Strap Wattle Between Kalakendra and Shopping Complex

3 Aegle marmelos

Bael, Bel, Bil, Beli, Bela, Bilva, Bilvam, Mahaka, Kuvalam, Madtoum, Bengal quince, Stone apple, Wood apple, Maredu

Between Hospital and Pump House

4 Ailanthus excelsa Mahanim Ailanthus, Coramandel ailanto, Tree of heaven, Ardu, Arua, Horanim maruk, Mahanim, Maharuk, Mahrukh, Maruf, Pir nim, Madala, Periamaram, Peru, Perumaran, Pimaram, Pinari

Hospital

5 Albizia lebbeck Siris, Lebbeck, Lebbek Tree, Frywood, Koko, Woman's-tongue, Dirsan, Vagai

Officers Club

6 Alstonia scholaris Chatim, Ditta bark, Bitter bark, Devil tree, Pale mara, Ezhilai palai, Edukula pala

Cauvery Circle

7 Anacardium occidentale

Cashew apple, Caju, Cajueiro, Cashu, Casho, Acajuiba, Caju, Acajou, Acaju, Acajaiba, Alcayoiba, Anacarde, Anacardier, Anacardo, Andi parippu, Cacajuil, Cajou, Gajus, Godambi, Jeedi pappu, Jocote maranon, Maranon, Merey, Mundhiri paruppu, Noix d’acajou, Pomme cajou, Pomme, Jambu, Jambu golok, Jambu mete, Jambu monyet, Jambu terong, Kasoy, Pajuil, Cajui

Around Central Nursery

8 Annona squamosa

Seethaphal, Sugar-apple, Sweetsop, Kabag, Kabog Households


185

9 Araucaria columnaries

Christmas tree, Pehuén, Pehuenche Kendriya Vidyalaya

10 Artocarpus heterophyllus

Jackfruit, Jakfruit, Jaca, Nangka, Kathal, Phanas, Panasa, Panas, Pala, Chakka

Near Shopping Complex

11 Averrhoa carambola

Kamranga, Starfruit, Carambolera, Yang-tao, Belimbing manis

Central Nursery

12 Azadirachta indica

Neem, Margosa, Neeb, Nimtree, Nimba, Vepu, Vempu, Vepa, Bevu, Veppam, Indian-lilac, DogonYaro, Margosa, Neeb, Nim

Several locations

13 Bauhinia variegata

Kachnar, Koliar, Padrian, Gurial, Gwiar, Kurai, Kandan, Rakta kamhar, Segapu-manchori, Manthari, Mandari, Mountain ebony, Orchid tree, Padria, Gurial, Gwiar, Kurai

In front of Administration building

14 Beaucarnea recuvata

Nalina, Ponytail palm Administration building

15 Bombax ceiba Silk cotton, Cotton tree, Indian kapok, Semal, Muk min, Hung min, Ying Hung Shue, Salmali

Around Central Nursery

16 Borassus flabellifer

Palmyra palm, Karpaha tree, Panai maram, Pana, Tadi, Tal, Tad, Toddy palm

Hospital

17 Butea monosperma

Kinshuk, Palash, Dhak, Kesudo, Parrot tree, Polashi, Elaiporasu, Pu palasu, Moduga, Elavamaram, Ilavu, Salmal, Buruyu


18 Callistemon viminalis

Weeping bottlebrush Around Guest House

19 Cassia fistula Golden Shower, Charakonnai, Bendra lathi, Aragvadha, Amaltas, Sonali, Bahava, SRela, Konna, Sandari, Kakke,

Around Jagannatha temple

20 Casuarina equisetifolia

Casuarina, Filao tree, Jhav, Suru, Surimara, Savuku, Chavukke

Several locations


186

21 Cinnamomum tamala nees & eberm

Tejpata, Tejpat, Tejapatta, Tejpatta, Tamalpatra, Malabathrum, Malabar leaf

E1, GM’s Bungalow

22 Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Cinnamon, Dalchini, Taj, Dalseni, Kurundu, Elavarngam, Karuva, Karuvappatta, Elavarngappatta, Tvak

Central Nursery

23 Citrus aurantiifolia

Lemon, Limun, Limone, Elumichai, Nimbu Several locations

24 Citrus aurantium Mitha nimbu, Bigarade, Bitter orange, Oranger à fruit amer, Seville orange, Sour orange, Narangi

25 Citrus maxima Vathapi, Pomelo, Chinese grapefruit, Pummelo, Pommelo, Lusho Fruit, Jabong, Boongon, Shaddock, Limau bali, Balinese Citrus, Suhabaungon, Bhogatae, Citrus grandis

Central Nursery

26 Citrus sinensis Orange, Aranju, Apfelsine, Chinese apple Guest House 27 Cocos nucifera Coconut palm CISF Barracks 28 Cycus revoluta Cycas, Cycad, King sago palm, Sago palm Administration

building 29 Dalbergia sissoo India rosewood, Sisu, Shisham Officers Club 30 Delonix regia Gulmohar, Peacock flower, Flame of the forest,

Malinche, Krishnachura, Flame tree Royal Poinciana, Flamboyant, Mayirkonnai, Alasippu, Sima sankesulu

Ganga Circle

31 Dillenia indica Chalta, Kanigala, Uva, Sylita, Pedda kalinga, Chalota

Near STP

32 Diospyros melanoxylon

Tendu, Coromandel Ebony, Makassar ebony, Beedi ilai, Tummi

Behind GM’s Bungalow

33 Dypsis lutescens Areca palm, Golden cane palm, Madagascar palm, Areca lutescens

Kendriya Vidyalaya


187

34 Emblica officinalis

Indian gooseberry, Amla, Amalaki, Nelli, Nellikka, Usirikai, Nellikkaai, Aonla, Aola, Dharty, Aamvala, Aawallaa, Emblic, Usirikai, Emblic myrobalan, Malacca tree, Nillika, Nellikya

Hospital

35 Eucalyptus treiticornis

Potash, Eucalyptus Several locations

36 Ficus beghalensis Bengal fig, Indian fig, East Indian fig, Banyan, Wad, Vat, Ashwath Vriksha, Kalpavriksha, Bargad, Vatavriksh, Barh, Bara, Per al, Alamaram

Opposite Pump House

37 Ficus elastica Rubber fig, Rubber bush, Rubber plant, Indian rubber bush

CISF Barracks

38 Ficus religiosa Sacred Fig, Pipal, Peepal, Peepul, Pippala, Pimpal, Ashvastha, Plaksa, Pou, Bawdi, Bodhi, Bo, Aswatha, Arasu, Arasu areial

Cauvery Circle

39 Gliricidia sepium Gliricidia, Mother of cocoa, Quick stick, Gobbarada mara, Mata raton, Cacao de nance, Cacahnanance

Along Gate 1 road

40 Gmelina arborea Gamhar, Umithekku, Shewan, Kumbil, Shivani, Gumar tek

Behind Administration building

41 Grevillea robusta Silk oak, Silky-oak, Australian Silver-oak Around all Children’s parks

42 Jacaranda mimosifolia

Blue jacaranda, Black Poui, Fern tree, Jacaranda Behind Administration building

43 Lagerstroemia speciosa

Giant crape-myrtle, Queen's crape-myrtle, Jarul, Banabá Plant, Mani maruthu, Poo maruthu, Varagogu

Between Transit Hostel and Kalakendra

44 Lawsonia inermis Henna, Mehndi, Marudhaani, Gorintaaku, Hina , Households


188

Maruthani, Madrangi, Indian privet 45 Leucaena

leucocephala Subabul, Guage, Wild tamarind, Lead tree, Lamtoro, Ipil ipil, Jumby bean, False koa, Koa haole, Tangantangan, Tangan tangan, Talantayan, Talntangan, Ganitnityuwan tangantan, Tuhngantuhngan, Rohbohtin, Telentund, Lopa samoa, Fua pepe, Lusina, Pepe, Nito, Siale mohemohe, Vaivai, Cassis, Te kaitetua, Kay keo dâu

Several locations

46 Litchi chinensis Lychee, Litchi, Laichi, Lichu, Hanyu Pinyin Central Nursery

47 Livistona chinensis

Chinese fan palm, Chinese fountain palm Mecon office, Kendriya Vidyalaya

48 Madhuca longifolia

Mahua, Honey tree, Butter tree, Moha, Mohua, Madhuca, Illuppai, Kuligam, Maduragam, Mavagam, Nattiluppai, Tittinam, Mowa, Moa, Mowrah

Damodhar Circle

49 Mangifera indica Mango, Mangai, Mavu, Aam, Mamidi, Amba, Chootha, Cuckoo’s joy

Adjacent to Hospital

50 Manilkara zapota Sapota, Sapodilla, Safeda, Chikoo, Achras sapota, Rata-mi, Nípero, Dilly, Naseberry

Housholds, Central Nursery

51 Michelia champaca

Kanak champa, Champaka, Champak, Champa, Sampige, Champakamu, Chapa, Rac-champo, Sempangam, Shamba, Shembuga, Tita-sopa, Shamba

Guest House

52 Millingtonia hortensis

Cork Tree, Maramalli, Akas Nim, Nim Chameli, Betati Nim, Mini Chameli, Karkku, Kat Malli,

Guest House


189

Kavudi 53 Mimusops elengi Spanish Cherry, Bakul, Pogada, Magizham, Elengi Between Gnga

Circle and Pump House

54 Morinda pubescens

Haldi Kunch, Al, Ach, Maddi, Kadukumla, Mulgal, Togari, Thogaru, Nuna, Majavatti, Manjanatti, Morinda, Noni, Togari wood of Madras, Manjappaavatta, Bartondi, Pindra, Achyuta, Akshikiphala, Manchanari, Togar mughalai

Behind Pump Hosue at Jogging track

55 Moringa oleifera Moringa, Sajjana, Drumstick, Murungai, Murungakai, Nugge mara, Munga

Households

56 Murraya koenigii Curry tree, Kadipatta, Kari baavu, Karivepaku, Karuveppilai, Kari patta, Noroxingha, Bhursunga patra, Kadhi limb, Kadhi limdo, Karapincha

Households

57 Neolamarckia cadamba

Kadamb, Kadamba, Kadambe, Vella kadambu Between Kendriya Vidyalaya and Godavari Circle

58 Peltophorum pterocarpum

Copperpod, Golden flamboyant, Yellow flamboyant, Yellow flame tree, Yellow poinciana, RadhachuraIyalvakai, Konda chinta

Between Cauvery Circle and Ganga Circle

59 Phoenix dactylifera

Date palm, Barhee, Halawy, Khadrawy, Medjool, Dayri, Deglet noor, Zahidi, Thoory, Kmri, Kalal, Rutab, Tamar

Periphery road

60 Pithecellobium dulce

Madras thorn, Jungle jalebi, Guamachili, Kamatsile, Opiuma, Manila tamarind, Monkeypod, Kodukapuli, Seema chinta

Between Central Nursery and Jagannath


190

temple 61 Plumeria rubra Champa, Temple tree, Frangipani, Araliya,

Kalachuchi, Pansal mal, Plumeria, Leelaawadee Lantom, Kembang Kamboja, Chômpa sacuanjoche, Chãpa

E9

62 Polyalthia longifolia

Devdaru, Ashoka Opposite Plant Main gate

63 Pongamia pinnata

Karanj, Indian Beech tree, Honge tree, Pongam tree, Panigrahi, Pungam

Sector VI

64 Psidium guajava Apple guava, Common guava, Goiabeira, Goiaba, Guayaba

Several locations

65 Pterocarpus marsuphium

Piasal, Indian kino, Malabar kino, Benga, Bijiayasal, Venkai, Venga

Hospital

66 Pterocarpus santalinus

Red sanders, Red sandalwood, Lalchandan, Rakta chandana

Central Nursery

67 Punica granatum Pomegranate Households 68 Ravenala

madagascariensis Traveller's tree, Travellers palm Shopping

Complex 69 Roystonea regia Royal Palm E7 70 Santalum album Sandalwood tree, Sree-gandha, Chandan,

Chandanam Administration building

71 Schleichera oleosa

Kusum, Pongro, Gum-lac tree, Pongro, Kasambi, Phen, Kusambi


72 Shorea robusta Sal Behind GM’s Bungalow

73 Spathodea campannulata

African tulip tree, Fire tree, Flame of the forest, Fountain tree, Patadi, Nirukai mara

Ganga Circle

74 Swietenia Mahagony, West Indian mahogany, Spanish Between GM’s


191

mahagoni mahogany, Madeira redwood, Acajou, Caoba, Caoba de Santo, Ceria mahogany, Cuban mahogany, American mahogany, True mahogany, Small leaf mahogany, Dominican mahogany

Bungalow to Kendriya Vidyalaya

75 Syzygium cumini Jambul, Jamun, Jamblang, Java plum, Indian blackberry, Neeral hannu, Neredu, Naval, Naga, Nava

Behind Administration building

76 Syzygium samarangense

Jamrul, Java apple, Wax apple, Wax jambu, Water apple, Amrul, Chom pu kio, Makopa, Semarang

Central Nursery

77 Tabebuia aurea Caribbean Trumpet, Ipê, Poui, Trumpet tree, Pau d'arco, Gowrichura

Ganga Circle

78 Tamarindus indica

Tamar hindi, Indian date, Tamarind, Ambli, Imli, Chinch

Opposite Shopping Complex

79 Tecoma stans Yellow trumpet bush, Yellow bells, Yellow elder, Ginger thomas

Sector II

80 Tectona grandis Teak, Common teak, Dahat Teak, Philippine Teak, Theku, Teku, Segun

Several locations

81 Terminalia arjuna

Arjuna, Axjun Argun, Bahera, Bahira, Bala Harade, Balera, Behada, Beleric Myrobalan, Bihara, Chebulic Myrobalan, Hara, Harada, Haritaki, He Zi, Hirala, Indian Almond, Myrobalan, Kulamaruthu, Maruthu, Vellai maruthu, Yeramaddi

Behind Kalakendra

82 Terminalia bellirica

Baheda, Vibhitaki, Thani, Thandra, Bohera, Behada South western corner of Plant compound

83 Thevetia peruviana

Yellow oleander, Bastard oleander, Be-still tree, Peeli kaner

Sector II


192

84 Zamia furfuracea Cardboard Plant, Cardboard sago Central Nursery

85 Ziziphus mauritiana

Ber, Boroi, Indian Jujube, Chinee Apple, Cottony Jujube, Bari hannu, Inlanthai, Cherumali

Several locations, opposite Machine Repair Shop

86 Akaat Between Bank and Shopping Complex

87 Atang Near Gate 1 88 Suvam Challa, Challa Opposite

Shopping Complex


193

INDEX

Aam 189 Alcayoiba 185 Aamvala 69 187 Alstonia scholaris 13 185 Aawallaa 69 187 Amalaki 69 187 Acacia auriculiformis 3 185 Amaltas 186 Acacia holosericea 5 185 Amba 189 Acajaiba 185 Ambli 157 191 Acajou 185 American mahogany 149 191 Acajou 149 191 Amla 69 187 Acaju 15 185 Amrul 153 191 Acajuiba 185 Anacarde 185 Ach 109 189 Anacardier 185 Achras sapota 101 189 Anacardium occidentale 15 185 Achyuta 109 189 Anacardo 185 Aegle marmelos bael 7 185 Andi parippu 185 African tulip tree 147 191 Annona squamosa 17 185 Ailanthus 9 185 Aola 69 187 Ailanthus excelsa 9 185 Aonla 69 187 Akaat 173 192 Apfelsine 187 Akas nim 105 189 Apple guava 129 190 Akashmani 3 185 Aragvadha 186 Akshikiphala 109 189 Araliya 123 190 Al 109 189 Aranju 187 Alamaram 188 Arasu 188 Alasippu 187 Arasu areial 188 Albizia lebbeck 11 185 Araucaria columnaries 19 185


194

Ardu 9 185 Bargad 73 188 Areca lutescens 67 187 Barh 73 188 Areca palm 67 187 Barhee 119 190 Argun 163 192 Bari hannu 192 Arjuna 163 192 Bartondi 109 189 Artocarpus heterophyllus 21 186 Bastard oleander 192 Arua 9 185 Bauhinia variegata 27 186 Ashoka 125 190 Bawdi 188 Ashvastha 77 188 Beaucarnea recuvata 29 186 Ashwath vriksha 73 188 Beedi ilai 187 Aswatha 188 Behada 163 192 Atang 175 192 Behada 192 Auri 3 185 Bel 7 185 Australian silver-oak 83 188 Bela 7 185 Averrhoa carambola 23 186 Beleric myrobalan 163 192 Axjun 163 192 Beli 7 185 Azadirachta Indica 25 186 Belimbing manis 23 186 Bahava 186 Bendra lathi 39 186 Baheda 165 192 Benga 131 190 Bahera 163 192 Bengal fig 73 188 Bahira 163 192 Bengal jali 3 185 Bakul 107 189 Bengal quince 7 185 Bala harade 163 192 Ber 171 192 Balera 163 192 Be-still tree 192 Balinese citrus 51 187 Betati nim 105 189 Banabá plant 87 188 Bevu 25 186 Banyan 73 188 Bhogatae 51 187 Bara 188 Bhursunga patra 113 190


195

Bigarade 49 187 Caoba 149 191 Bihara 163 192 Caoba de santo 149 191 Bijiasal 131 190 Carambolera 23 186 Bil 7 185 Cardboard plant 169 192 Bilva 7 185 Cardboard sago 169 192 Bilvam 7 185 Caribbean trumpet 155 191 Bitter bark 13 185 Cashew 15 185 Bitter orange 49 187 Cashew apple 185 Black poui 85 188 Casho 185 Blue jacaranda 85 188 Cashu 185 Bo 77 188 Cassia fistula 39 186 Bodhi 77 188 Cassis 91 189 Bohera 192 Casuarina 186 Bombax ceiba 31 186 Casuarina equisetifolia 41 186 Boongon 51 187 Ceria mahogany 149 191 Borassus flabellifer 33 186 Chakka 186 Boroi 171 192 Chalota 187 Buruyu 186 Chalta 63 187 Butea monosperma 35 186 Champa 103 189 Butter tree 97 189 Champa 123 190 Cacahnanance 79 188 Champak 103 189 Cacajuil 185 Champaka 103 189 Cacao de nance 79 188 Champakamu 103 189 Cajou 185 Chandan 141 191 Caju 15 185 Chandanam 141 191 Cajueiro 185 Chapa 103 189 Cajui 185 Chãpa 190 Callistemon viminalis 37 186 Charakonnai 39 186


196

Chatim 13 185 Coramandel ailanto 9 185 Chavukke 186 Cork tree 105 189 Chebulic myrobalan 163 192 Coromandel ebony 65 187 Cherumali 192 Cotton tree 31 186 Chikoo 101 189 Cottony jujube 171 192 Chinch 157 191 Cuban mahogany 149 191 Chinee apple 171 192 Cuckoo’s joy 189 Chinese apple 187 Curry tree 113 190 Chinese fan palm 95 189 Cycad 57 187 Chinese fountain palm 95 189 Cycas 57 187 Chinese grapefruit 51 187 Cycus revoluta 57 187 Chom pu kio 153 191 Dahat teak 161 192 Chômpa sacuanjoche 190 Dalbergia 59 187 Chootha 189 Dalchini 45 187 Christmas tree 19 185 Dalseni 45 187 Cinnamomum tamala nees & eberm 43 186 Date palm 119 190 Cinnamomum zeylanicum 45 187 Dayri 119 190 Cinnamon 45 187 Deglet noor 119 190 Citrus aurantiifolia 47 187 Delonix regia 61 187 Citrus aurantium 49 187 Devdaru 125 190 Citrus grandis 51 187 Devil tree 13 185 Citrus maxima 51 187 Dhak 35 186 Citrus sinensis 53 187 Dharty 69 187 Coconut palm 55 187 Dillenia Indica 63 187 Cocos nucifera 55 187 Dilly 101 189 Common guava 129 190 Dioecious 191 Common teak 161 192 Diospyros melanoxylon 65 187 Copperpod 117 190 Dirsan 185


197

Ditta bark 13 185 Fire tree 147 191 DogonYaro 186 Flamboyant 61 187 Dominican mahogany 149 191 Flame of the forest 61 187 Don 5 185 Flame of the forest 147 191 Drumstick 111 189 Flame tree 61 187 Dypsis lutescens 67 187 Fountain tree 147 191 Earleaf acacia 3 185 Frangipani 123 190 Earpod wattle 3 185 Frywood 11 185 East Indian fig 73 188 Fua pepe 91 189 Edukula pala 185 Gajus 185 Elaiporasu 186 Gamhar 81 188 Elavamaram 186 Ganitnityuwan tangantan 91 188 Elavarngam 45 187 Giant crape-myrtle 87 188 Elavarngappatta 45 187 Ginger thomas 159 191 Elengi 189 Gliricidia 79 188 Elumichai 187 Gliricidia sepium 79 188 Emblic 69 187 Gmelina arborea 81 188 Emblic myrobalan 69 187 Gobbarada mara 79 188 Emblica officinalis 69 187 Godambi 185 Eucalyptus 71 188 Goiaba 129 190 Eucalyptus treiticornis 71 188 Goiabeira 129 190 Ezhilai palai 185 Golden cane palm 67 187 False koa 91 188 Golden flamboyant 117 190 Fern tree 85 188 Golden shower 39 186 Ficus beghalensis 73 188 Gorintaaku 89 188 Ficus elastica 75 188 Gowrichura 155 191 Ficus religiosa 77 188 Grevillea robusta 83 188 Filao tree 186 Guage 91 188


198

Guayaba 129 190 Indian blackberry 191 Gulmohar 61 187 Indian date 157 191 Gumar tek 188 Indian fig 73 188 Gum-lac tree 143 191 Indian gooseberry 69 187 Gurial 27 186 Indian jujube 171 192 Gwiar 27 186 Indian kapok 31 186 Halawy 119 190 Indian kino 131 190 Haldi kunch 109 189 Indian privet 188 Hanyu pinyin 93 189 Indian rubber bush 75 188 Hara 163 192 Indian-lilac 25 186 Hara 163 192 Ipê 155 191 Harada 163 192 Ipil ipil 91 188 Haritaki 163 192 Iyalvakai 190 He zi 163 192 Jabong 51 187 Henna 89 188 Jaca 186 Hina 89 188 Jacaranda 85 188 Hirala 163 192 Jacaranda mimosifolia 85 188 Honey tree 97 189 Jackfruit 21 186 Honge tree 127 190 Jakfruit 186 Horanim maruk 9 185 Jamblang 151 191 Hung min 186 Jambu 185 Ilanthai 192 Jambu golok 185 Ilavu 186 Jambu mete 185 Illuppai 97 189 Jambu monyet 185 Imli 157 191 Jambu terong 185 India rosewood 59 187 Jambul 151 191 Indian almond 163 192 Jamrul 153 191 Jamun 151 191 Karapincha 113 190


199

Jarul 87 188 Kari baavu 113 190 Java apple 153 191 Kari patta 113 190 Java plum 191 Karivepaku 113 190 Jeedi pappu 185 Karkku 105 189 Jhav 186 Karpaha tree 186 Jocote maranon 185 Karuva 45 187 Jumby bean 91 188 Karuvappatta 45 187 Jungle jalebi 121 190 Karuveppilai 113 190 Kabag 185 Kasambi 143 191 Kabog 185 Kasoy 185 Kachnar 27 186 Kat malli 105 189 Kadamb 115 190 Kathal 186 Kadamba 115 190 Kavudi 105 189 Kadambe 190 Kay keo dâu 91 189 Kadhi limb 113 190 Kembang kamboja 123 190 Kadhi limdo 113 190 Kesudo 35 186 Kadipatta 113 190 Khadrawy 119 190 Kadukumla 109 189 King sago palm 57 187 Kakke 186 Kinshuk 35 186 Kalachuchi 123 190 Kmri 119 190 Kalal 119 190 Koa haole 91 188 Kalpavriksha 73 188 Kodukapuli 190 Kamatsile 121 190 Koko 11 185 Kamranga 23 186 Koliar 27 186 Kanak champa 103 189 Konda chinta 190 Kanigala 63 187 Konna 186 Karanj 127 190 Krishnachura 61 187 Kuligam 97 189 Lychee 93 189


200

Kumbil 188 Madagascar palm 67 187 Kurai 27 186 Madala 9 185 Kurundu 45 187 Maddi 109 189 Kusambi 143 191 Madeira redwood 149 191 Kusum 143 191 Madhuca 97 189 Kuvalam 7 185 Madhuca longifolia 97 189 Lagerstroemia speciosa 87 188 Madrangi 188 Laichi 93 189 Madras thorn 121 190 Lalchandan 133 190 Madtoum 7 185 Lamtoro 91 188 Maduragam 97 189 Lawsonia inermis 89 188 Magizham 189 Lead tree 91 188 Mahagony 149 191 Lebbeck 11 185 Mahaka 7 185 Lebbek tree 11 185 Mahanim 9 185 Leelaawadee lantom 123 190 Maharuk 9 185 Lemon 47 187 Mahua 97 189 Leucaena leucocephala 91 188 Majavatti 109 189 Lichu 93 189 Makassar ebony 65 187 Limau bali 51 187 Makopa 153 191 Limone 187 Malabar kino 131 190 Limun 187 Malabar leaf 43 187 Litchi 93 189 Malabathrum 43 187 Litchi chinensis 93 189 Malacca tree 69 187 Livistona chinensis 95 189 Malinche 61 187 Lopa samoa 91 189 Mamidi 189 Lusho fruit 51 187 Manchanari 109 189 Lusina 91 189 Mandari 27 186 Mangai 189 Moduga 186


201

Mangifera lndica 99 189 Moha 97 189 Mango 99 189 Mohua 97 189 Mani maruthu 188 Monkeypod 121 190 Manila tamarind 121 190 Morinda 109 189 Manilkara zapota 101 189 Morinda pubescens 109 189 Manjanatti 109 189 Moringa 111 189 Manjappavatta 109 189 Moringa oleifera 111 189 Manthari 27 186 Mother of cocoa 79 188 Maramalli 105 189 Mountain ebony 27 186 Maranon 185 Mowa 97 189 Maredu 7 185 Mowrah 97 189 Margosa 25 186 Muk min 31 186 Marudhaani 89 188 Mulgal 109 189 Maruf 9 185 Mundhiri paruppu 185 Mata raton 79 188 Munga 189 Mavagam 97 189 Murraya koenigii 113 190 Mavu 189 Murungai 111 189 Mayirkonnai 187 Murungakai 111 189 Medjool 119 190 Myrobalan 163 192 Mehndi 89 188 Naga 191 Merey 185 Nalina 29 186 Michelia champaca 103 189 Nangka 186 Millingtonia hortensis 105 189 Narangi 49 187 Mimusops elengi 107 189 Naseberry 101 189 Mini chameli 105 189 Nattiluppai 97 189 Mitha nimbu 49 187 Naval 191 Moa 97 189 Naval 191 Neeb 25 186 Pajuil 185


202

Neem 25 186 Pala 186 Neeral hannu 191 Palash 35 186 Nelli 69 187 Pale mara 13 185 Nellikka 69 187 Palmyra palm 33 186 Nellikkaai 69 187 Pana 186 Nellikya 69 187 Panai maram 186 Neolamarckia cadamba 115 190 Panas 186 Nillika 69 187 Panasa 186 Nim chameli 105 189 Panigrahi 127 190 Nimba 25 186 Pansal mal 123 190 Nimbu 187 Papuan wattle 3 185 Nimtree 25 186 Parrot tree 35 186 Nípero 101 189 Patadi 191 Nirukai mara 191 Pau d'arco 155 191 Nito 91 189 Peacock flower 61 187 Noix d’acajou 185 Pedda kalinga 187 Noni 109 189 Peeli kaner 192 Noroxingha 113 190 Peepal 77 188 Northern black wattle 3 185 Peepul 77 188 Nugge mara 189 Pehuén 185 Nuna 109 189 Pehuenche 185 Opiuma 121 190 Peltophorum pterocarpum 117 190 Orange 53 187 Pepe 91 189 Oranger à fruit amer 49 187 Per al 188 Orchid tree 27 186 Periamaram 9 185 Padrian 27 186 Phanas 186 Padrian 27 186 Phen 143 191 Phillipine teak 161 192 Pou 77 188


203

Phoenix dactylifera 119 190 Poui 155 191 Piasal 131 190 Psidium guajava 129 190 Pimaram 9 185 Pterocarpus marsuphium 131 190 Pimpal 77 188 Pterocarpus santalinus 133 190 Pinari 9 185 Pu palasu 186 Pindra 109 189 Pummelo 51 187 Pipal 77 188 Pungam 190 Pippala 77 188 Punica granatum 135 190 Pir nim 9 185 Queen's crape-myrtle 87 188 Pithecellobium dulce 121 190 Quick stick 79 188 Plaksa 77 188 Rac-champo 103 189 Plumeria 123 190 Radhachura 117 190 Plumeria rubra 123 190 Rakta chandana 133 190 Pogada 189 Rakta kamhar 27 186 Polashi 186 Rata-mi 101 189 Polyalthia longifolia 125 190 Ravenala madagascariensis 137 191 Pomegranate 135 190 Red sandalwood 133 190 Pomelo 51 187 Red sanders 133 190 Pomme 185 Rela 186 Pomme cajou 185 Rohbohtin 91 189 Pommelo 51 187 Royal palm 139 191 Pongam tree 127 190 Royal poinciana 61 187 Pongamia pinnata 127 190 Roystonea regia 139 191 Pongro 143 191 Rubber bush 75 188 Ponytail palm 29 186 Rubber fig 75 188 Poo maruthu 188 Rubber plant 75 188 Potash 188 Rutab 119 190 Safeda 101 189 Shorea robusta 145 191


204

Sago palm 57 187 Siale mohemohe 91 189 Sajjana 111 189 Silk cotton 31 186 Sal 145 191 Silk oak 83 188 Salmal 186 Silky oak 83 188 Salmali 31 186 Sima sankesulu 187 Sampige 103 189 Siris 11 185 Sandalwood tree 141 191 Sissoo 59 187 Sandari 186 Sisu 59 187 Santalum album 141 191 Small leaf mahogany 149 191 Sapodilla 101 189 Soapbush wattle 5 185 Sapota 101 189 Sonali 186 Savuku 186 Sour orange 49 187 Schleichera oleosa 143 191 Spanish cherry 107 189 Seema chinta 190 Spanish mahogany 149 191 Seethapahal 17 185 Spathodea campannulata 147 191 Segapu-manchori 27 186 Sree-gandha 141 191 Segun 192 Starfruit 23 186 Semal 31 186 Stone apple 7 185 Semarang 153 191 Strap wattle 5 185 Sempangam 103 189 Subabul 91 188 Seville orange 49 187 Sugar-apple 17 185 Shaddock 51 187 Suhabaungon 51 187 Shamba 103 189 Surimara 186 Shembuga 103 189 Suru 186 Shewan 188 Suvam Challa, Challa 177 192 Shisham 59 187 Sweet neem 113 190 Shivani 188 Sweetsop 17 185 Swietenia mahagoni 149 191 Teku 192


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Sylita 187 Telentund 91 189 Syzygium cumini 151 191 Temple tree 123 190 Syzygium samarangense 153 191 Tendu 65 187 Tabebuia aurea 155 191 Terminalia arjuna 163 192 Tad 186 Terminalia bellirica 165 192 Tadi 186 Thandra 192 Taj 45 187 Thani 192 Takhro 143 191 The sacred fig 77 188 Tal 186 Theku 192 Talantayan 91 188 Thevetia peruviana 167 192 Talntangan 91 188 Thogaru 109 189 Tamalpatra 43 186 Thoory 119 190 Tamar 119 190 Tita-sopa 103 189 Tamar hindi 157 191 Tittinam 97 189 Tamarind 157 191 Toddy palm 186 Tamarindus indica 157 191 Togar mughlai 109 189 Tan wattle 3 185 Togari 109 189 Tangan tangan 91 188 Togari wood of madras 109 189 Tangantangan 91 188 Travellers palm 137 191 Te kaitetua 91 189 Traveller's tree 137 191 Teak 192 Tree of heaven 9 185 Tecoma stans yellow 159 191 True mahogany 149 191 Tectona grandis 161 192 Trumpet bush 159 191 Tejapatta 43 186 Trumpet tree 155 191 Tejpat 43 186 Tuhngantuhngan 91 189 Tejpata 43 186 Tummi 187 Tejpatta 43 186 Tvak 45 187 Umithekku 188 Wax apple 153 191


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Usirikai 69 187 Wax jambu 153 191 Usirikai 69 187 Weeping bottlebrush 37 186 Uva 187 West Indian Mahogany 149 191 Vagai 185 Wild tamarind 91 188 Vaivai 91 189 Woman's tongue 11 185 Varagogu 188 Wood apple 7 185 Vat 73 188 Yang-tao 23 186 Vatavriksh 73 188 Yellow bells 159 191 Vathapi 51 187 Yellow elder 159 191 Vella kadambu 190 Yellow flamboyant 117 190 Vempu 25 186 Yellow flame tree 117 190 Venga 131 190 Yellow oleander 167 192 Venkai 131 190 Yellow poinciana 117 190 Vepa 25 186 Yeramaddi 163 192 Veppam 25 186 Ying hung shue 31 186 Vepu 25 186 Zahidi 119 190 Vibhitaki 192 Zamia furfuracea 169 192 Wad 73 188 Ziziphus mauritiana 171 192 Water apple 153 191


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N. Krishnaswamy is a design management expert and communication designer, who is an M. Phil in Economics from University of Madras and holds Diplomas in Printing Technology and Drawing. He is also an MBA from Xavier Institute of Managemant, Bhuabneswar. He

has been in the printing and graphic design industry for over two decades and involved in security design and printing. Currently he is involved in largescale creation of plantation. He is a designer, painter, sculptor, photographer, writer and is passionate about colour.

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